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CN119607812A - Biogas CO2 membrane absorption-membrane desorption system and method for biomass ash coupled biogas liquid carbon fixation - Google Patents

Biogas CO2 membrane absorption-membrane desorption system and method for biomass ash coupled biogas liquid carbon fixation Download PDF

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Publication number
CN119607812A
CN119607812A CN202411838551.5A CN202411838551A CN119607812A CN 119607812 A CN119607812 A CN 119607812A CN 202411838551 A CN202411838551 A CN 202411838551A CN 119607812 A CN119607812 A CN 119607812A
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China
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biogas
liquid
hollow fiber
slurry
fiber membrane
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Inventor
周淼
刘俊
李阳海
黄辉
徐万兵
王楠
许涛
徐龑
杨杰
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Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Hubei Electric Power Co Ltd
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Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Hubei Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
    • B01D53/229—Integrated processes (Diffusion and at least one other process, e.g. adsorption, absorption)
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1418—Recovery of products
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    • B01D—SEPARATION
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    • B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
    • B01D53/1475—Removing carbon dioxide
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1493—Selection of liquid materials for use as absorbents
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    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
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    • C01B32/50—Carbon dioxide
    • C01B32/55—Solidifying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
    • C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
    • C10L3/101—Removal of contaminants
    • C10L3/102—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants
    • C10L3/104—Carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
    • C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
    • C10L3/101—Removal of contaminants
    • C10L3/106—Removal of contaminants of water
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
    • B01D2053/221—Devices
    • B01D2053/223—Devices with hollow tubes
    • B01D2053/224—Devices with hollow tubes with hollow fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
    • B01D2252/50—Combinations of absorbents
    • B01D2252/504—Mixtures of two or more absorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/05—Biogas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/08—Drying or removing water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/24—Mixing, stirring of fuel components
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/26—Composting, fermenting or anaerobic digestion fuel components or materials from which fuels are prepared

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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

本申请涉及一种生物质灰耦合沼液固碳的沼气CO2膜吸收‑解吸系统及方法，系统包括厌氧发酵装置、沼气贮存罐、中空纤维膜接触器吸收系统、气水分离装置、CH4储气瓶、CO2富液升温装置、中空纤维膜接触器解吸系统、CO2吸收剂储存罐、固液分离装置、沼液储存罐、搅拌混合器、运输设备，本申请将膜吸收与膜解吸技术结合，提升了沼气CO2捕集和再生效率。在膜解吸过程中以中空纤维膜接触器为载体，引入生物质灰沼液耦合浆体可在低温条件的浓差驱动下再生沼气CO2吸收剂，此过程无需添加化学试剂且能耗较低，在实现沼气CO2安全固定的同时降低了沼液中氨氮和COD含量。

The present application relates to a biogas CO2 membrane absorption-desorption system and method for biomass ash coupled biogas liquid carbon fixation. The system includes an anaerobic fermentation device, a biogas storage tank, a hollow fiber membrane contactor absorption system, a gas-water separation device, a CH4 gas cylinder, a CO2 rich liquid heating device, a hollow fiber membrane contactor desorption system, a CO2 absorbent storage tank, a solid-liquid separation device, a biogas liquid storage tank, a stirring mixer, and a transportation device. The present application combines membrane absorption with membrane desorption technology to improve the biogas CO2 capture and regeneration efficiency. In the membrane desorption process, the hollow fiber membrane contactor is used as a carrier, and the introduction of biomass ash biogas liquid coupling slurry can regenerate the biogas CO2 absorbent under the concentration drive under low temperature conditions. This process does not require the addition of chemical reagents and has low energy consumption. While achieving safe fixation of biogas CO2, it reduces the ammonia nitrogen and COD content in the biogas liquid.

Description

Biogas CO 2 membrane absorption-membrane desorption system and method for biomass ash coupling biogas slurry carbon fixation
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of biomass ash treatment in biomass power generation engineering and biogas slurry treatment in biogas engineering, in particular to a biogas CO 2 membrane absorption-membrane desorption system and method for biomass ash coupling biogas slurry carbon fixation.
Background
Biogas fermentation refers to the process of decomposing organic wastes (such as human, livestock and poultry feces, straws, weeds and the like) by various microorganisms under certain moisture, temperature and anaerobic conditions to finally form mixed gas of methane (CH 4), carbon dioxide (CO 2) and the like. The biogas fermentation system is based on a biogas fermentation principle, and aims at energy production, so that comprehensive utilization of biogas, biogas slurry and biogas residues is finally realized. The biogas can be directly used for daily household energy supply or can be used for supplying power and heat through a cogeneration reality cluster as clean renewable energy sources. CO 2 generated after the biogas is used is returned to the atmosphere, so that greenhouse gas is not increased, near zero emission of CO 2 can be realized in the energy utilization process, and important environmental benefits are achieved. Meanwhile, the biogas slurry and the biogas residues are also high-quality organic fertilizers, and can reduce the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural production application. Therefore, the biogas slurry is reasonably treated and reaches the standard, and the environmental pollution risk is avoided. But has the characteristics of high ammonia nitrogen, high Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and the like, and increases the treatment difficulty of biogas slurry. Therefore, it is necessary to explore a suitable biogas slurry treatment technique to efficiently treat and utilize biogas slurry and prevent environmental pollution.
In addition, the biogas has very important effect and position in the field of new energy utilization, and has great significance for alleviating greenhouse effect. The main purpose of biogas purification is to enable the biogas to reach the component standard of the biological natural gas, remove impurities such as CO 2, hydrogen sulfide, moisture, siloxane and the like in the biogas, and convert the impurities into the biological natural gas with higher CH 4 concentration, thereby expanding the application range of the biogas. The prior biogas purification process is mainly a CO 2 chemical absorption method with negligible CH 4 loss rate, and faces the key problems of large occupied area, poor operation flexibility, high energy consumption for absorbent regeneration and the like. The membrane absorption biogas CO 2 technology successfully couples the CO 2 chemical absorption technology and the membrane separation technology, has the advantages of low cost, easy scaling and flexible operation, and can be popularized to biogas projects of different scales. but the regeneration process of the methane-rich CO 2 absorbent still needs to strengthen mass transfer during the process while reducing desorption energy consumption. The membrane contactor is adopted as a CO 2 regeneration reactor, so that sufficient area is provided for gas and liquid mass transfer, and the desorption rate of the methane-rich CO 2 absorbent is enhanced. The high-efficiency trapping of the biogas CO 2 and the rapid desorption of the absorbent can be realized by two technologies of integrated membrane absorption and membrane desorption. Currently, most biogas projects do not have CO 2 fixed utilization technology due to scale issues, resulting in the regenerated CO 2 being directly vented to the atmosphere. if a low-cost regenerated CO 2 fixing technology is introduced at the membrane absorption-desorption end of the biogas CO 2, the CO 2 negative emission production of the biological natural gas is expected to be realized.
Biomass ash is solid residue generated by direct combustion of biomass, and has the characteristic of wide sources. It is counted that about 4.8 hundred million tons of biomass ash can be produced when 70 hundred million tons of biomass is burned worldwide, and the biomass ash can be buried in situ or stacked intensively due to the limitation of a treatment method, so that secondary pollution of the environment is extremely easy to cause. How to effectively utilize biomass ash has become an environmental issue that needs to be addressed. Since biomass contains a large amount of alkali metal elements such as potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium, the biomass remains as oxides such as CaO, mgO, K 2O、Na2 O in the biomass ash after direct combustion, and is also rich in SiO 2 and P 2O5. Compared with fly ash, the biomass ash is very similar to the biomass ash in chemical reaction characteristics, and mainly consists of alkali metal oxide, but the heavy metal content of the biomass ash is far lower than that of the fly ash, and the application safety of the biomass ash is higher. The biomass ash has wide application prospect in the agricultural fields of acid soil treatment, soil fattening and the like. However, biomass ash also has some problems in agricultural utilization, mainly due to the fact that the alkalinity of the biomass ash is too high, the pH value of surface soil can be continuously increased after long-term direct application, the microbial activity of soil, the surface vegetation and the plant growth are not facilitated, and even the surface vegetation coverage rate can be reduced. Therefore, how to reduce the alkalinity of biomass ash is a key problem in solving the application of biomass ash in the agricultural field. In addition, caO and MgO which are rich in biomass ash are ideal raw materials for mineralizing and fixing carbon, and can react with CO 2 in solution to generate calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate precipitate, so that CO 2 is permanently and safely fixed, negative emission of CO 2 is realized, the reaction can be spontaneously carried out, the alkalinity of the biomass ash can be weakened while the carbon fixing energy consumption is effectively reduced, and the agricultural availability is enhanced.
The system and the method for absorbing and desorbing the biogas CO 2 film for coupling the biomass ash with the solid carbon of the biogas liquid have the advantages of 1) integrating the absorption and the desorption of the CO 2 film, strengthening the trapping and the regeneration mass transfer of CO2, realizing the low-cost and high-efficiency production of the biological natural gas, 2) coupling the biomass ash with the biogas liquid in the film desorption stage, reducing the ammonia nitrogen and COD content in the biogas liquid, improving the content of K element in the biogas liquid, taking away a large amount of biogas liquid through the biomass ash, solving the problem of difficult biogas liquid treatment, 3) permanently fixing the CO 2 in the biomass ash in a carbonate precipitation mode, reducing the alkalinity of the biomass ash, realizing the negative emission of CO 2 on the other hand, being more friendly to the environment, and 4) improving the soil, promoting the microbial activity, improving the growth of soil, reducing the growth of soil layers, reducing the growth of plant diseases and insect pests, and the soil layer, and creating good soil layer growth and insect pests. And meanwhile, the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides can be reduced, the planting cost is reduced, the economic benefit is improved, and 5) the multi-source waste is utilized as resources, so that the environmental burden is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application aims to provide a biomass ash coupled biogas slurry carbon-fixing biogas CO 2 membrane absorption-membrane desorption system and method, which combine membrane absorption and membrane desorption technologies, and improve the biogas CO 2 capturing and regenerating efficiency.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions:
The embodiment of the application provides a biogas CO 2 membrane absorption-membrane desorption system for biomass ash coupling biogas slurry carbon fixation, which comprises an anaerobic fermentation device, a biogas storage tank, a hollow fiber membrane contactor absorption system, a gas-water separation device, a CH 4 gas storage bottle, a CO 2 rich liquid heating device, a gas storage tank and a gas-water separation device, the device comprises a hollow fiber membrane contactor desorption system, a CO 2 absorbent storage tank, a solid-liquid separation device, a biogas slurry storage tank, a stirring mixer and transportation equipment, and further comprises a first booster fan, a second booster fan, a first liquid booster pump, a second liquid booster pump, a centrifugal pump and a slurry pump. The anaerobic fermentation device is provided with a feed inlet, a discharge outlet and a methane outlet, and the methane inlet of the methane storage tank is connected with the methane outlet of the anaerobic fermentation device. The biogas outlet of the biogas storage tank is connected with the biogas inlet of the hollow fiber membrane contactor absorption system through a first booster fan, and biogas is purified through the shell side of the hollow fiber membrane contactor absorption system. The purified biogas outlet of the hollow fiber membrane contactor absorption system is connected with the purified biogas inlet of the gas-water separation device, and the CH 4 outlet of the gas-water separation device is connected with the CH 4 gas storage bottle through a second booster fan. The hollow fiber membrane contactor absorption system is also provided with a CO 2 lean liquid inlet and a CO 2 rich liquid outlet. and a CO 2 lean solution outlet of the CO 2 absorbent storage tank is connected with a CO 2 lean solution inlet of the hollow fiber membrane contactor absorption system through a first liquid booster pump, and the CO 2 lean solution is subjected to biogas purification through a pipe side of the hollow fiber membrane contactor absorption system. The CO 2 rich liquid outlet of the hollow fiber membrane contactor absorption system is connected with the CO 2 rich liquid inlet of the CO 2 rich liquid heating device, and the CO 2 rich liquid outlet of the CO 2 rich liquid heating device is connected with the CO 2 rich liquid inlet of the hollow fiber membrane contactor desorption system through a liquid second liquid booster pump. The CO 2 rich liquid is desorbed through the pipe side of a hollow fiber membrane contactor desorption system, and a CO 2 lean liquid outlet of the hollow fiber membrane contactor desorption system is connected with a CO 2 lean liquid inlet of a CO 2 absorbent storage tank.
The input end of the centrifugal pump is connected with the discharge port of the anaerobic fermentation device, the output end of the centrifugal pump is connected with the biogas slurry inlet of the biogas slurry storage tank through the solid-liquid separation device, the biogas slurry outlet of the biogas slurry storage tank is connected with the stirring mixer, the stirring mixer is simultaneously provided with a biomass ash inlet and a mixed slurry outlet, the mixed slurry outlet of the stirring mixer is connected with the mixed slurry inlet of the desorption system of the hollow fiber membrane contactor through a slurry pump, the mixed slurry is subjected to CO 2 rich solution desorption through the shell side of the desorption system of the hollow fiber membrane contactor, and the mixed slurry outlet of the CO 2 rich mixed slurry of the desorption system of the hollow fiber membrane contactor is connected with the input end of the conveying equipment.
In the above technical proposal, the anaerobic fermentation device is internally provided with a stirrer and a temperature sensor for fully mixing fermentation raw materials.
In the technical scheme, the absorption and desorption systems of the hollow fiber membrane contactor adopt PTFE hydrophobic and oleophobic membranes with the aperture of 0.1 mu m.
In the technical scheme, the adopted CO 2 absorbent can be a plurality of liquid absorbents such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, sterically hindered amine, ammonia water, sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and the like.
In the technical scheme, the CO 2 rich liquid heating device is provided with a blade stirrer and an anti-corrosion temperature sensor.
In the technical scheme, the centrifugal pump is a centrifugal pump with high suspended matter tolerance.
In the technical scheme, the solid-liquid separation device is provided with the filter screen for separating biogas slurry and biogas residues.
In the technical scheme, a stirring device for fully mixing materials is arranged in the stirring mixer.
In the technical scheme, the anaerobic fermentation device, the stirring mixer, the first booster fan, the second booster fan, the first liquid booster pump, the second liquid booster pump, the centrifugal pump and the mortar pump are all made of alkali-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials.
A biomass ash coupled biogas slurry carbon-fixing biogas CO 2 membrane absorption-membrane desorption method comprises the following steps:
Step 1, organic matter residues such as crop residues, livestock and poultry manure, municipal solid waste and the like enter an anaerobic fermentation device, under the action of various microorganisms, various complex organic matters in fermentation raw materials are decomposed to generate biogas, the generated biogas is discharged through a biogas outlet of the anaerobic fermentation device and enters a biogas storage tank, and biogas slurry and biogas residues generated after fermentation are discharged through a discharge outlet of anaerobic fermentation;
Step 2, pumping the discharged biogas slurry and residue into a solid-liquid separation device under the action of a centrifugal pump to perform solid-liquid separation, wherein the separated biogas residue can be used as agricultural compost, and the biogas slurry enters a biogas slurry storage tank to be stored for subsequent utilization;
Step 3, pumping CO 2 lean solution in a CO 2 absorbent storage tank into the pipe side of an absorption system of the hollow fiber membrane contactor through a first liquid booster pump, introducing methane in a methane storage tank into the shell side of the absorption system of the hollow fiber membrane contactor under the action of a first booster fan, carrying out countercurrent contact reaction on the CO 2 lean solution and methane to realize removal of methane CO 2, enabling purified methane to enter a gas-water separation device, removing water vapor in the gas-water separation device, and pumping high-concentration CH 4 into a CH 4 gas storage bottle through a second booster fan for storage for subsequent use;
Step 4, flowing biogas slurry in a biogas slurry storage tank into a stirring mixer, enabling biomass ash and waste residues to enter through a biomass ash inlet of the stirring mixer, starting a stirring device in the stirring mixer, fully mixing the biogas slurry and the biomass ash, pumping the biomass ash-biogas slurry mixed slurry into a shell side of a desorption system of a hollow fiber membrane contactor through a slurry pump, heating CO 2 rich liquid flowing out of an absorption system of the hollow fiber membrane contactor to 70-80 ℃ by a CO 2 rich liquid heating device, pumping the CO 2 desorbed by the CO 2 rich liquid into a tube side of the desorption system of the hollow fiber membrane contactor through a second liquid booster pump, and fixing the CO 2 by the mixed slurry of the biomass ash and the biogas slurry under the common driving of temperature difference and concentration difference to form stable carbonate precipitation, thereby realizing permanent fixation of biogas CO 2;
Step 5, the alkalinity of the biomass ash-biogas slurry mixed slurry is greatly reduced under the action of CO 2, and the biomass ash-biogas slurry mixed slurry can be directly conveyed to farmlands for agricultural application through the conveying equipment 12;
and 6, conveying the mixed slurry into a farmland, and then ploughing the soil, wherein the mixed slurry and the soil are mutually mixed to improve the soil layer, improve the soil fertility and facilitate the growth of crops.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. The invention integrates membrane absorption-membrane desorption into the biogas purification process, has small occupied area, low process cost and high operation flexibility, simultaneously integrally improves the mass transfer efficiency, can obtain high-purity biological natural gas, and is beneficial to widening the subsequent utilization paths of biogas.
2. According to the invention, the hollow fiber membrane contactor is used as a carrier, the biomass ash-biogas slurry is utilized to desorb CO 2 rich liquid after biogas purification, CO 2 separated from the biogas reacts with calcium and magnesium ions in the biomass ash in a solution to generate the precipitate of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate, and CO 2 can be permanently fixed, so that the negative emission of CO 2 is realized.
3. After the biogas slurry and the biomass ash are fully mixed, the ammonia nitrogen and COD content in the biogas slurry can be greatly reduced, more alkali metal ions are simultaneously blended, the CO 2 in the rich liquid is favorably separated and fixed, the fertilizer efficiency of the biogas slurry is enhanced, and the production and the utilization of agriculture are favorably realized.
4. The invention utilizes the neutralization reaction of alkaline substances in the biomass ash and the biogas slurry and CO 2 separated from the biogas, greatly reduces the alkalinity of the biomass ash and the biogas slurry, can be directly applied to the agricultural field, and avoids the adverse effect on vegetation when the biomass ash and the biogas slurry are directly applied without treatment.
5. The invention can treat a large amount of biogas slurry in biogas engineering through the absorption and adsorption of biomass ash to the biogas slurry, and simultaneously realize the complementation of nutrient elements, thereby being beneficial to agricultural production.
6. The invention can simultaneously utilize biomass ash and waste residues to fix CO 2 in the biogas and treat biogas slurry, thereby reducing equipment investment cost, reducing equipment floor area and increasing equipment utilization rate.
7. When the mixed slurry of biomass ash and biogas slurry and the cultivated soil are used in agriculture according to a certain proportion, the invention can improve soil layer, promote microbial activity, improve soil fertility, inhibit weed growth, reduce plant diseases and insect pests and create good soil environment for crop growth and development. Meanwhile, the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides can be reduced, the planting cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a biomass ash coupled biogas slurry carbon sequestration biogas CO 2 membrane absorption-membrane desorption system and method.
Wherein the anaerobic fermentation device comprises a 1-anaerobic fermentation device, a 1.1-feeding port, a 1.2-marsh gas outlet, a 1.3-discharging port, a 2-marsh gas storage tank, a 2.1-marsh gas inlet, a 2.2-marsh gas outlet, a 3-hollow fiber membrane contactor absorption system, a 3.1-marsh gas inlet, a 3.2-purified marsh gas outlet, a 3.3-CO 2 lean liquid inlet, a 3.4-CO 2 rich liquid outlet, 4-gas-water separator, 4.1-purified methane inlet, 4.2-CH 4 outlet, 5-CH 4 gas cylinder, 5.1-CH 4 inlet, 6-CO 2 rich liquid heating device, 6.1-CO 2 rich liquor inlet, 6.2-CO 2 rich liquor outlet, 7-hollow fiber membrane contactor desorption system, 7.1-CO 2 rich liquor inlet, 7.2-CO 2 lean liquor outlet, 7.3-mixed slurry inlet, 7.4-mixed slurry outlet, 8-CO 2 absorbent storage tank, 8.1-CO 2 lean solution inlet, 8.2-CO 2 lean solution outlet, 9-solid-liquid separation device, 9.1-biogas slurry, A biogas residue inlet, a 9.2-biogas residue outlet, a 9.3-biogas slurry outlet, a 10-biogas slurry storage tank, a 10.1-biogas slurry inlet, a 10.2-biogas slurry outlet, an 11-stirring mixer, an 11.1-biogas slurry inlet, an 11.2-biomass ash inlet, an 11.3-mixed slurry outlet, a 12-transportation device, a 12.1-CO 2 -rich mixed slurry inlet, a 13.1-first booster fan, a 13.2-first booster fan, a 13.3-first liquid booster pump, a 13.4-second liquid booster pump, 13.5-centrifugal pump, 13.6-mortar pump.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It should be noted that like reference numerals and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.
The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises an element.
As shown in figure 1, the biomass ash coupled biogas slurry carbon-fixing biogas CO 2 membrane absorption-membrane desorption system and method comprise an anaerobic fermentation device 1, a biogas storage tank 2, a hollow fiber membrane contactor absorption system 3, a gas-water separation device 4, a CH 4 gas storage bottle 5, a CO 2 rich liquid heating device 6, a gas-water separation device, The device comprises a hollow fiber membrane contactor desorption system 7, a CO 2 absorbent storage tank 8, a solid-liquid separation device 9, a biogas slurry storage tank 10, a stirring mixer 11 and a transportation device 12, and further comprises a first booster fan 13.1, a second booster fan 13.2, a first liquid booster pump 13.3, a second liquid booster pump 13.4, a centrifugal pump 13.5 and a slurry pump 13.6. The anaerobic fermentation device is provided with a feed inlet 1.1, a biogas outlet 1.2 and a discharge outlet 1.3, and the biogas inlet 2.1 of the biogas storage tank is connected with the biogas outlet 1.2 of the anaerobic fermentation device. The biogas outlet 1.2 of the biogas storage tank is connected with the biogas inlet 3.1 of the hollow fiber membrane contactor absorption system 3 through a first booster fan 13.1, and biogas is purified through the shell side of the hollow fiber membrane contactor absorption system 3. The purified biogas outlet 3.2 of the hollow fiber membrane contactor absorption system 3 is connected with the purified biogas inlet 4.1 of the gas-water separation device 4, and the outlet 4.2 of the gas-water separation device 4CH 4 is connected with the CH 4 gas storage bottle 5 through the second booster fan 13.2. The hollow fiber membrane contactor absorption system 3 is also provided with a CO 2 lean liquid inlet 3.3 and a CO 2 rich liquid outlet 3.4. The CO 2 lean solution outlet 8.2 of the CO 2 absorbent storage tank 8 is connected with the CO 2 lean solution inlet 3.3 of the hollow fiber membrane contactor absorption system 3 through the first liquid booster pump 13.3, and the CO 2 lean solution is subjected to biogas purification through the pipe side of the hollow fiber membrane contactor absorption system 3. The CO 2 rich liquid outlet 3.4 of the hollow fiber membrane contactor absorption system 3 is connected with the CO 2 rich liquid inlet 6.1 of the CO 2 rich liquid temperature rising device 6, and the CO 2 rich liquid outlet 6.2 of the CO 2 rich liquid temperature rising device 4 is connected with the CO 2 rich liquid inlet 7.1 of the hollow fiber membrane contactor desorption system 7 through the liquid second liquid booster pump 13.4. The CO 2 rich liquid is desorbed through the pipe side of the hollow fiber membrane contactor desorption system 7, and a CO 2 lean liquid outlet 7.2 of the hollow fiber membrane contactor desorption system 7 is connected with a CO 2 lean liquid inlet 8.1 of the CO 2 absorbent storage tank 8. The input end of the centrifugal pump 13.5 is connected with the discharge port 1.3 of the anaerobic fermentation device 1, the output end of the centrifugal pump 13.5 is connected with the biogas slurry inlet 10.1 of the biogas slurry storage tank 10 through the solid-liquid separation device 9, the biogas slurry outlet 10.2 of the biogas slurry storage tank 10 is connected with the stirring mixer 11, the stirring mixer 11 is simultaneously provided with the biomass ash inlet 11.2 and the mixed slurry outlet 11.3, the mixed slurry outlet 11.3 of the stirring mixer is connected with the mixed slurry inlet 7.3 of the hollow fiber membrane contactor desorption system 7 through the mortar pump 13.6, the mixed slurry is desorbed by CO 2 rich liquid through the shell side of the hollow fiber membrane contactor desorption system 7, and the mixed slurry outlet 7.4 of the CO 2 rich mixed slurry of the hollow fiber membrane contactor desorption system 7 is connected with the input end 12.1 of the conveying equipment 12.
In one embodiment, the anaerobic fermentation apparatus 1 is provided with a stirrer and a temperature sensor for thoroughly mixing the fermentation materials.
As an embodiment, both the hollow fiber membrane contactor absorption 3 and desorption 7 systems employ PTFE hydrophobic oleophobic membranes with a pore size of 0.1 μm.
As one embodiment, the CO 2 absorbent used may be a variety of liquid absorbents such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, sterically hindered amines, aqueous ammonia and aqueous sodium hydroxide.
As an embodiment, the CO 2 rich liquid temperature increasing device 6 is provided with a blade stirrer and a corrosion-resistant temperature sensor.
As an embodiment, the centrifugal pump 13.5 is a centrifugal pump with high suspended matter tolerance.
As an embodiment, the solid-liquid separation device 9 is provided with a filtering screen for separating biogas slurry and biogas residue.
As an embodiment, a stirring device for fully mixing the materials is arranged in the stirring mixer 11.
As an embodiment, the anaerobic fermentation device 1, the stirring mixer 11, the first booster fan 13.1, the second booster fan 13.2, the first liquid booster pump 13.3, the second liquid booster pump 13.4, the centrifugal pump 13.5 and the slurry pump 13.6 are made of alkali-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials.
The technical scheme of the invention comprises the following specific steps:
Step 1, organic matter residues such as crop residues, livestock and poultry manure, municipal solid waste and the like enter an anaerobic fermentation device 1, and under the action of various microorganisms, various complex organic matters in fermentation raw materials are decomposed to generate biogas. The generated biogas is discharged through a biogas outlet 1.2 of the anaerobic fermentation device 1 and enters a biogas storage tank 2, and the biogas slurry and the biogas residue generated after fermentation are discharged through a discharge outlet 1.3 of anaerobic fermentation.
And 2, pumping the discharged biogas slurry and residue into a solid-liquid separation device 9 under the action of a centrifugal pump 13.5 for solid-liquid separation, wherein the separated biogas residue can be used as agricultural compost, and the biogas slurry enters a biogas slurry storage tank 10 for storage for subsequent utilization.
And 3, pumping CO 2 lean solution in the CO 2 absorbent storage tank 8 into the pipe side of the hollow fiber membrane contactor absorption system 3 through the first liquid booster pump 13.3, introducing methane in the methane storage tank 2 into the shell side of the hollow fiber membrane contactor absorption system 3 under the action of the first booster fan 13.1, and carrying out countercurrent contact reaction on the CO 2 lean solution and methane to realize removal of methane CO 2. The purified biogas enters the gas-water separation device 4, water vapor in the purified biogas is removed in the gas-water separation device 4, and then high-concentration CH 4 is pumped into the CH 4 gas storage bottle 5 through the second booster fan 13.2 to be stored for subsequent use.
And 4, enabling the biogas slurry in the biogas slurry storage tank 10 to flow into the stirring mixer 11, enabling biomass ash waste residues to enter through a biomass ash inlet 11.2 of the stirring mixer 11, and starting a stirring device in the stirring mixer 11 to fully mix the biogas slurry and the biomass ash. The biomass ash-biogas slurry mixed slurry is pumped into the shell side of the desorption system 7 of the hollow fiber membrane contactor by a slurry pump 13.6. The CO 2 rich liquid flowing out of the hollow fiber membrane contactor absorption system 3 enters the CO 2 rich liquid heating device 6 to be heated to 70-80 ℃, and then is pumped into the pipe side of the hollow fiber membrane contactor desorption system 7 through the second liquid booster pump 13.4. The CO 2 sucked out by CO 2 rich solution is fixed by biomass ash-biogas slurry mixed slurry in a transmembrane mode under the combined drive of temperature difference and concentration difference to form stable carbonate sediment, and further permanent fixation of biogas CO 2 is achieved.
And 5, greatly reducing the alkalinity of the biomass ash-biogas slurry mixed slurry under the action of CO 2, and directly conveying farmlands for agricultural application through the conveying equipment 12.
And 6, conveying the mixed slurry into a farmland, and then ploughing the soil, wherein the mixed slurry and the soil are mutually mixed to improve the soil layer, improve the soil fertility and facilitate the growth of crops. When the cultivation is carried out under the condition that the soil moisture content is proper, the mass ratio of the soil to the mixed slurry is kept to be 2.6:1 or less, the application effect of the ratio is good, and under the condition, the amount of the available mixed slurry is about 87.5t per mu of land.
In the technical scheme, CO 2 in the biogas can be efficiently removed at low cost through the step 3, so that the high-purity biological natural gas is obtained, and the subsequent utilization way of the biogas is widened.
According to the technical scheme, the hollow fiber membrane contactor can be used as a carrier in the step 4, the biomass ash-biogas slurry is utilized to desorb CO 2 rich liquid after biogas purification, CO 2 separated from the biogas reacts with calcium and magnesium ions in the biomass ash in a solution to generate calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate precipitates, and CO 2 can be permanently fixed, so that negative emission of CO 2 is realized. In addition, the fixation of the biogas CO2 greatly reduces the alkalinity of biomass ash and biogas slurry, can be directly applied to the agricultural field, and avoids the adverse effect on vegetation when the biogas is directly applied without treatment.
The composite membrane distillation system is provided with a first hydrophobic membrane and a second hydrophobic membrane, and three flow channels from a feeding side to a permeation side of the composite membrane distillation system are realized under the action of the first hydrophobic membrane and the second hydrophobic membrane. The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and various modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (10)

1.一种生物质灰耦合沼液固碳的沼气CO2膜吸收-膜解吸系统，其特征在于，包括厌氧发酵装置(1)、沼气贮存罐(2)、中空纤维膜接触器吸收系统(3)、气水分离装置(4)、CH4储气瓶(5)、CO2富液升温装置(6)、中空纤维膜接触器解吸系统(7)、CO2吸收剂储存罐(8)、固液分离装置(9)、沼液储存罐(10)、搅拌混合器(11)、运输设备(12)，所述厌氧发酵装置设置有进料口(1.1)、沼气出口(1.2)和出料口(1.3)，所述沼气贮存罐的沼气入口(2.1)与厌氧发酵装置的沼气出口(1.2)连接，所述沼气贮存罐的沼气出口(1.2)通过第一增压风机(13.1)与中空纤维膜接触器吸收系统(3)的沼气入口(3.1)连接，沼气经由中空纤维膜接触器吸收系统(3)壳侧进行提纯，所述中空纤维膜接触器吸收系统(3)提纯沼气出口(3.2)与气水分离装置(4)提纯沼气入口(4.1)连接，所述气水分离装置(4)CH4出口(4.2)通过第二增压风机(13.2)与CH4储气瓶(5)连接，所述中空纤维膜接触器吸收系统(3)还设置有CO2贫液入口(3.3)和CO2富液出口(3.4)，所述CO2吸收剂储存罐(8)的CO2贫液出口(8.2)通过第一液体增压泵(13.3)与中空纤维膜接触器吸收系统(3)的CO2贫液入口(3.3)连接，CO2贫液经由中空纤维膜接触器吸收系统(3)管侧进行沼气提纯，所述中空纤维膜接触器吸收系统(3)的CO2富液出口(3.4)与CO2富液升温装置(6)的CO2富液入口(6.1)连接，所述CO2富液升温装置(4)的CO2富液出口(6.2)通过液体第二液体增压泵(13.4)与中空纤维膜接触器解吸系统(7)的CO2富液入口(7.1)连接，CO2富液经由中空纤维膜接触器解吸系统(7)管侧解吸，所述中空纤维膜接触器解吸系统(7)的CO2贫液出口(7.2)与CO2吸收剂储存罐(8)CO2贫液入口(8.1)连接，所述离心泵(13.5)的输入端连接厌氧发酵装置(1)的出料口(1.3)，所述离心泵(13.5)的输出端通过固液分离装置(9)连接沼液储存罐(10)的沼液进口(10.1)，所述沼液储存罐(10)的沼液出口(10.2)连接搅拌混合器(11)，所述搅拌混合器(11)同时设有生物质灰入口(11.2)和混合浆体出口(11.3)，所述搅拌混合器混合浆体出口(11.3)通过灰浆泵(13.6)连接中空纤维膜接触器解吸系统(7)的混合浆体入口(7.3)，混合浆体经由中空纤维膜接触器解吸系统(7)壳侧进行CO2富液解吸，所述中空纤维膜接触器解吸系统(7)的富CO2混合浆体出口(7.4)连接运输设备(12)输入端(12.1)。1. A biogas CO2 membrane absorption-membrane desorption system for coupling biogas slurry carbon fixation, characterized in that it comprises an anaerobic fermentation device (1), a biogas storage tank (2), a hollow fiber membrane contactor absorption system (3), a gas-water separation device (4), a CH4 gas storage bottle (5), a CO2 rich liquid heating device (6), a hollow fiber membrane contactor desorption system (7), a CO 2 absorbent storage tank (8), solid-liquid separation device (9), biogas liquid storage tank (10), stirring mixer (11), and transportation equipment (12); the anaerobic fermentation device is provided with a feed inlet (1.1), a biogas outlet (1.2), and a discharge port (1.3); the biogas inlet (2.1) of the biogas storage tank is connected to the biogas outlet (1.2) of the anaerobic fermentation device; the biogas outlet (1.2) of the biogas storage tank is connected to the biogas inlet (3.1) of the hollow fiber membrane contactor absorption system (3) through a first booster fan (13.1); the biogas is purified via the shell side of the hollow fiber membrane contactor absorption system (3); the purified biogas outlet (3.2) of the hollow fiber membrane contactor absorption system (3) is connected to the purified biogas inlet (4.1) of the gas-water separation device (4); the CH4 outlet (4.2) of the gas-water separation device (4) is connected to the CH4 outlet (4.2) through a second booster fan (13.2) 4 gas storage cylinder (5), the hollow fiber membrane contactor absorption system (3) is also provided with a CO2 lean liquid inlet (3.3) and a CO2 rich liquid outlet (3.4), the CO2 lean liquid outlet (8.2) of the CO2 absorbent storage tank (8) is connected to the CO2 lean liquid inlet (3.3) of the hollow fiber membrane contactor absorption system (3) through a first liquid booster pump (13.3), the CO2 lean liquid is purified by biogas via the pipe side of the hollow fiber membrane contactor absorption system (3), the CO2 rich liquid outlet (3.4) of the hollow fiber membrane contactor absorption system (3) is connected to the CO2 rich liquid inlet (6.1) of the CO2 rich liquid heating device (6), the CO2 rich liquid outlet (6.2) of the CO2 rich liquid heating device (4) is connected to the CO2 rich liquid outlet (6.1) of the hollow fiber membrane contactor desorption system (7) through a second liquid booster pump (13.4), and the CO2 rich liquid outlet (6.2) of the CO2 rich liquid heating device (4) is connected to the CO2 rich liquid outlet (6.1) of the hollow fiber membrane contactor desorption system (7) through a second liquid booster pump (13.4). 2 rich liquid inlet (7.1), CO 2 rich liquid is desorbed via the tube side of the hollow fiber membrane contactor desorption system (7), and the CO 2 lean liquid outlet (7.2) of the hollow fiber membrane contactor desorption system (7) is connected to the CO 2 absorbent storage tank (8) CO 2 lean liquid inlet (8.1), the input end of the centrifugal pump (13.5) is connected to the discharge port (1.3) of the anaerobic fermentation device (1), the output end of the centrifugal pump (13.5) is connected to the biogas slurry inlet (10.1) of the biogas slurry storage tank (10) through the solid-liquid separation device (9), the biogas slurry outlet (10.2) of the biogas slurry storage tank (10) is connected to the stirring mixer (11), the stirring mixer (11) is provided with a biomass ash inlet (11.2) and a mixed slurry outlet (11.3), the mixed slurry outlet (11.3) of the stirring mixer is connected to the mixed slurry inlet (7.3) of the hollow fiber membrane contactor desorption system (7) through the ash slurry pump (13.6), the mixed slurry is desorbed by CO2 rich liquid via the shell side of the hollow fiber membrane contactor desorption system (7), the CO2 rich liquid of the hollow fiber membrane contactor desorption system (7) 2 The mixed slurry outlet (7.4) is connected to the input end (12.1) of the transport device (12). 2.根据权利要求1所述的生物质灰耦合沼液固碳的沼气CO2膜吸收-膜解吸系统，其特征在于：所述厌氧发酵装置(1)内设置有用于发酵原料充分混合的搅拌器以及温度传感器。2. The biogas CO2 membrane absorption-membrane desorption system for biomass ash coupled biogas slurry carbon fixation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the anaerobic fermentation device (1) is provided with an agitator for fully mixing the fermentation raw materials and a temperature sensor. 3.根据权利要求1所述的生物质灰耦合沼液固碳的沼气CO2膜吸收-膜解吸系统，其特征在于：所述中空纤维膜接触器吸收(3)和解吸(7)系统均采用孔径0.1μm PTFE疏水疏油膜。3. The biogas CO2 membrane absorption-membrane desorption system for coupling biogas slurry carbon fixation with biomass ash according to claim 1 is characterized in that the hollow fiber membrane contactor absorption (3) and desorption (7) systems both use PTFE hydrophobic and oleophobic membranes with a pore size of 0.1 μm. 4.根据权利要求1所述的生物质灰耦合沼液固碳的沼气CO2膜吸收-膜解吸系统，其特征在于：所采用的CO2吸收剂为单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、空间位阻胺、氨水和氢氧化钠水溶液中的一种或多种液体吸收剂。4. The biogas CO2 membrane absorption-membrane desorption system for biomass ash coupled biogas slurry carbon fixation according to claim 1 is characterized in that the CO2 absorbent used is one or more liquid absorbents selected from monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, sterically hindered amines, ammonia water and sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. 5.根据权利要求1所述的生物质灰耦合沼液固碳的沼气CO2膜吸收-膜解吸系统，其特征在于：所述CO2富液升温装置(6)设有桨叶式搅拌器和抗腐蚀温度传感器。5. The biogas CO2 membrane absorption-membrane desorption system for biomass ash coupled biogas slurry carbon fixation according to claim 1, characterized in that the CO2 rich liquid heating device (6) is provided with a paddle stirrer and a corrosion-resistant temperature sensor. 6.根据权利要求1所述的生物质灰耦合沼液固碳的沼气CO2膜吸收-膜解吸系统，其特征在于：所述离心泵(13.5)采用具有高忍受悬浮物特性的离心泵。6. The biogas CO2 membrane absorption-membrane desorption system for biomass ash coupled biogas liquid carbon fixation according to claim 1, characterized in that the centrifugal pump (13.5) adopts a centrifugal pump with high tolerance to suspended matter. 7.根据权利要求1所述的生物质灰耦合沼液固碳的沼气CO2膜吸收-膜解吸系统，其特征在于：所述固液分离装置(9)设置有过滤筛网用于沼液沼渣的分离。7. The biogas CO2 membrane absorption-membrane desorption system for coupling biogas ash with biogas slurry carbon fixation according to claim 1, characterized in that the solid-liquid separation device (9) is provided with a filter screen for separating biogas slurry from biogas residue. 8.根据权利要求1所述的生物质灰耦合沼液固碳的沼气CO2膜吸收-膜解吸系统，其特征在于：所述搅拌混合器(11)内设置有用于物料充分混合的搅拌装置。8. The biogas CO2 membrane absorption-membrane desorption system for coupling biogas ash with biogas liquid carbon fixation according to claim 1, characterized in that a stirring device for fully mixing the materials is arranged in the stirring mixer (11). 9.根据权利要求1所述的生物质灰耦合沼液固碳的沼气CO2膜吸收-膜解吸系统，其特征在于：所述厌氧发酵装置(1)、搅拌混合器(11)、第一增压风机(13.1)、第二增压风机(13.2)、第一液体增压泵(13.3)、第二液体增压泵(13.4)、离心泵(13.5)以及灰浆泵(13.6)均采用耐碱耐腐蚀材料制成。9. The biogas CO2 membrane absorption-membrane desorption system for biomass ash coupled biogas slurry carbon fixation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the anaerobic fermentation device (1), the stirring mixer (11), the first booster fan (13.1), the second booster fan (13.2), the first liquid booster pump (13.3), the second liquid booster pump (13.4), the centrifugal pump (13.5) and the slurry pump (13.6) are all made of alkali-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials. 10.一种生物质灰耦合沼液固碳的沼气CO2膜吸收-膜解吸方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：10. A biogas CO2 membrane absorption-membrane desorption method for coupling biogas slurry carbon fixation with biomass ash, characterized by comprising the following steps: 步骤1：农作物残渣、畜禽粪便、城市固体废物等有机物残渣进入厌氧发酵装置(1)，在各种微生物的作用下，发酵原料中各种复杂的有机物被分解后产生沼气，产生的沼气通过厌氧发酵装置(1)的沼气出口(1.2)排出进入沼气贮存罐(2)，发酵后产生的沼液沼渣通过厌氧发酵的出料口(1.3)排出；Step 1: organic residues such as crop residues, livestock and poultry manure, and urban solid waste enter the anaerobic fermentation device (1). Under the action of various microorganisms, various complex organic substances in the fermentation raw materials are decomposed to produce biogas. The produced biogas is discharged through the biogas outlet (1.2) of the anaerobic fermentation device (1) into the biogas storage tank (2). The biogas slurry and biogas residue produced after fermentation are discharged through the anaerobic fermentation discharge port (1.3); 步骤2：排出后的沼液沼渣在离心泵(13.5)的作用下，泵入固液分离装置(9)中进行固液分离，分离后的沼渣可作为农业堆肥，而沼液进入沼液储存罐(10)存放以供后续利用；Step 2: The discharged biogas slurry and biogas residue are pumped into a solid-liquid separation device (9) by a centrifugal pump (13.5) for solid-liquid separation. The biogas residue after separation can be used as agricultural compost, while the biogas slurry enters a biogas slurry storage tank (10) for storage for subsequent use; 步骤3：CO2吸收剂储存罐(8)中的CO2贫液通过第一液体增压泵(13.3)泵入中空纤维膜接触器吸收系统(3)管侧，沼气贮存罐(2)中的沼气在第一增压风机(13.1)作用下通入中空纤维膜接触器吸收系统(3)壳侧，CO2贫液与沼气两相逆流接触反应，实现沼气CO2脱除，提纯后的沼气进入气水分离装置(4)，在气水分离装置(4)中除去其中水蒸气，然后通过第二增压风机(13.2)将高浓度的CH4泵入CH4储气瓶(5)中储存，以供后续使用；Step 3: The CO2- lean liquid in the CO2 absorbent storage tank (8) is pumped into the tube side of the hollow fiber membrane contactor absorption system (3) through the first liquid booster pump (13.3), and the biogas in the biogas storage tank (2) is passed into the shell side of the hollow fiber membrane contactor absorption system (3) under the action of the first booster fan (13.1), and the CO2 - lean liquid and the biogas are contacted and reacted in two phases in countercurrent flow to achieve CO2 removal from the biogas. The purified biogas enters the gas-water separation device (4), and the water vapor therein is removed in the gas-water separation device (4), and then the high-concentration CH4 is pumped into the CH4 gas storage bottle (5) for storage through the second booster fan (13.2) for subsequent use; 步骤4：沼液储存罐(10)中的沼液流入搅拌混合器(11)，生物质灰废渣通过搅拌混合器(11)的生物质灰入口(11.2)进入，开启搅拌混合器(11)中的搅拌装置，充分混合沼液和生物质灰，生物质灰-沼液混合浆体通过灰浆泵(13.6)泵入中空纤维膜接触器解吸系统(7)壳侧，从中空纤维膜接触器吸收系统(3)流出的CO2富液进入CO2富液升温装置(6)升温至70-80℃后，通过第二液体增压泵(13.4)泵入中空纤维膜接触器解吸系统(7)管侧，由CO2富液解吸出的CO2在温差与浓差共同驱动下跨膜被生物质灰-沼液混合浆体所固定，形成稳定的碳酸盐沉淀，进而实现沼气CO2永久固定；Step 4: The biogas slurry in the biogas slurry storage tank (10) flows into the stirring mixer (11), and the biomass ash waste residue enters through the biomass ash inlet (11.2) of the stirring mixer (11). The stirring device in the stirring mixer (11) is turned on to fully mix the biogas slurry and the biomass ash. The biomass ash-biogas slurry mixed slurry is pumped into the shell side of the hollow fiber membrane contactor desorption system (7) through the slurry pump (13.6). The CO2- rich liquid flowing out of the hollow fiber membrane contactor absorption system (3) enters the CO2 - rich liquid heating device (6) and is heated to 70-80°C. It is then pumped into the tube side of the hollow fiber membrane contactor desorption system (7) through the second liquid booster pump (13.4). The CO2 desorbed from the CO2 -rich liquid is fixed by the biomass ash-biogas slurry mixed slurry across the membrane under the joint drive of temperature difference and concentration difference, forming a stable carbonate precipitate, thereby achieving permanent fixation of biogas CO2 . 步骤5：生物质灰-沼液混合浆体由于CO2作用下，其碱度大大降低，通过运输设备12可直接输送农田进行农业施用；Step 5: The alkalinity of the biomass ash-biogas slurry mixture is greatly reduced due to the action of CO 2 , and can be directly transported to farmland for agricultural application through the transportation equipment 12; 步骤6：混合浆体通过运输进入农田，然后进行土壤翻耕，通过混合浆体与土壤相互混合作用，改良土壤土层，提高土壤肥力，有利于农作物生长。Step 6: The mixed slurry is transported into the farmland, and then the soil is plowed. Through the mixing effect between the mixed slurry and the soil, the soil layer is improved, the soil fertility is increased, and it is beneficial to the growth of crops.
CN202411838551.5A 2024-12-13 2024-12-13 Biogas CO2 membrane absorption-membrane desorption system and method for biomass ash coupled biogas liquid carbon fixation Pending CN119607812A (en)

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