CN119583421A - A composite routing method for large-scale ad hoc networks - Google Patents
A composite routing method for large-scale ad hoc networks Download PDFInfo
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- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
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Abstract
本发明公开了无线通信领域的一种大规模自组网复合路由方法，包括以下步骤：安装子网路由步骤，该步骤在需要进行无线网络覆盖区域，进行子网路由节点的安装，在安装过程当中，先确定该区域较为中心处位置，此时将子网路由节点安装在该中心处位置，在中心处子网路由节点安装完成后，此时在中心处子网路由节点附近继续安装其他子网路由节点，本发明在无线自组织网络中，采用了主动路由和按需路由相结合的混合路由技术，可显著减少路由开销，支持数百上千个节点大规模组网。
The present invention discloses a large-scale self-organizing network composite routing method in the field of wireless communication, comprising the following steps: a subnet routing installation step, in which a subnet routing node is installed in an area where wireless network coverage is required, during the installation process, a relatively central position of the area is first determined, and then the subnet routing node is installed at the central position, and after the installation of the central subnet routing node is completed, other subnet routing nodes are continued to be installed near the central subnet routing node. The present invention adopts a hybrid routing technology combining active routing and on-demand routing in a wireless self-organizing network, which can significantly reduce routing overhead and support large-scale networking of hundreds or thousands of nodes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a large-scale ad hoc network composite routing method.
Background
In the traditional wireless self-organizing network, a single device can be used as a router or a terminal device, the network topology is automatically formed without depending on a central node, the route to each node in the network is calculated according to the topology, and the message is automatically forwarded according to the route. Limited by the bandwidth of the radio station band, the network can support limited nodes (typically tens of nodes), and in the application scenario of needing large-scale networking, a multistage network structure is also required to be built by virtue of switching equipment so as to meet the requirement.
The Chinese patent with the bulletin number of CN113507738B discloses a mobile ad hoc network routing decision method, which is realized based on a trusted mechanism and a Q-Learning dynamic trust value, wherein the trusted mechanism comprises neighbor monitoring, information sharing, evaluation decision, routing management and the like. The invention solves the problems of self-distrust degree of the node, self-selection of the most suitable next-hop node and the like of the ad hoc network under severe conditions, realizes the internal evaluation trust of the node and the rejection of the distrust node, and also realizes the intelligent selection of the node according to the self-explored network. Meanwhile, the problem of incentive node honest recommendation in the mobile ad hoc network based on the trust mechanism is solved, and a trusted routing protocol is realized on the basis. By introducing a trust mechanism in the mobile ad hoc network to judge the behavior of the nodes, the trust relationship between the nodes can be effectively established, so that a stable and credible network environment is constructed.
However, the disclosed scheme has the following defects that the traditional ad hoc network wireless connection method adopts a single path searching mode to search a data transmission path when in use, and the speed of broadcasting reply is reduced between routing nodes in the ad hoc network due to paging information of a flooding mechanism when in actual use, so that the efficiency of data transmission is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
This section is intended to outline some aspects of embodiments of the invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section as well as in the description of the invention and in the title of the invention, which may not be used to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention aims at solving the technical problems in the background technology, and provides a large-scale self-organizing network composite routing method, which adopts a mixed routing technology combining active routing and on-demand routing in a wireless self-organizing network, can obviously reduce routing expenditure, the method supports large-scale networking of hundreds of thousands of nodes, and simultaneously can automatically check the working state of the current sub-network routing node in the self-networking by periodically repeating the Hello message when in actual use, thereby omitting offline or fault equipment in the process of registering the node identification code.
The invention provides a large-scale ad hoc network composite routing method, which comprises the following steps:
S1, installing a sub-network routing step, wherein the sub-network routing node is installed in a coverage area of a wireless network, in the installation process, the central position of the area is determined, the sub-network routing node is installed in the central position, and after the sub-network routing node is installed in the central position, other sub-network routing nodes are continuously installed near the sub-network routing node in the central position;
S2, establishing a subnet route ad hoc network step, wherein in the subnet route node installation process, the installation position is moved to enable the signal intensity between the current subnet route node and the adjacent subnet route nodes to be located at the critical distance of the strong signal intensity range, the current subnet route node is installed at the moment, the current subnet route node sends a Hello message to the adjacent subnet route nodes, the adjacent subnet route nodes feed back the message after receiving the Hello message, and the identification code information of the adjacent subnet route nodes is added in the feedback information, so that the ad hoc network information among the subnet route nodes can be stored in each subnet route node by broadcasting the adjacent subnet route nodes when each subnet route node is installed;
And S3, installing a gateway, namely installing switching equipment at the position, close to the edge, of the area after the sub-network routing nodes are installed in a certain area, wherein the gateway comprises switching equipment and wireless routing, after the switching equipment is installed, the switching equipment broadcasts all the sub-network routing nodes in the current area through the wireless routing, a flooding transmission mechanism is adopted for broadcast files, after receiving the broadcast files from the sub-network routing nodes close to the switching equipment, the sub-network routing nodes adjacent to the sub-network routing nodes broadcast the broadcast files, and after receiving the broadcast files for the second time, the sub-network routing nodes stop broadcasting, so that after a period of time, all the sub-network routing nodes in the area receive the broadcast files sent by the switching equipment, and at the moment, all the sub-network routing nodes reply the broadcast files, wherein the reply content comprises own identification codes and the identification codes of the sub-network routing nodes adjacent to the sub-network routing nodes.
S4, establishing an ad hoc network connection step, wherein after the switching equipment receives the reply broadcast file of all the subnet route nodes in the area, registration is carried out according to the identification codes of all the subnet route nodes in the reply file, and a distribution network of all the subnet route nodes in the area can be established in the switching equipment according to the identification codes of the subnet route nodes adjacent to the switching equipment, so that the signal connection relation and the signal transmission path among all the subnet route nodes are determined.
S5, installing a first-level network node, wherein the step is to install directional signal wireless transmission equipment with the gateway, so that the gateway is in wireless transmission connection with other gateways, the distance between gateway nodes in the first-level network can be kept far through the directional signal wireless transmission equipment, the gateways are not required to be identical in distance, and the directional signal wireless transmission equipment only needs to face the adjacent gateway equipment closest to the gateway when the gateways transmit information through the directional signal wireless transmission equipment;
S6, establishing a first-level network ad hoc network step, wherein after the gateways in all areas are installed, information transmission is carried out among the gateways through directional signal wireless transmission equipment, and all the subnetworks in the areas are sent to adjacent gateway equipment by node identification codes when the gateways transmit mutual information, so that ad hoc network connection information is established by recording the equipment identification codes under the adjacent gateways.
By adopting the technical scheme, the method can search the adjacent node identification codes through the inside of each node when the data transmission is carried out by establishing the mode of the registration of the self-organizing network internal identification codes, thereby realizing the effect of searching the shortest data transmission path.
Preferably, the step of installing the subnet route should select a relatively open position for installing the subnet route in the central area when the preliminary subnet route installation is performed.
By adopting the technical scheme, the method can ensure that the signal transmission strength of the regional subnetwork routing node with the denser information transmission in the region is stable in a mode of starting installation from the regional center in the process of subnetwork routing installation.
Preferably, the step of establishing a subnet route ad hoc network automatically repeats the step periodically when the ad hoc network is actually used, and updates the position and the working state of a subnet route node in a certain area in the repeated execution process of the step, so that the information of offline equipment can be deleted by repeating the step under the condition that the subnet route is offline in the ad hoc network, and the offline equipment is prevented from being used for transferring in the subsequent data transmission process.
By adopting the technical scheme, the self-checking effect of the device can be realized by repeating the self-networking identification code registration steps, so that off-line equipment can be eliminated in the self-networking in the process of registering the self-networking identification code every time, and the off-line equipment cannot be used in the subsequent data transmission process.
Preferably, in the step of installing the gateway, the gateway switching device independent of the subnet route is used to avoid the influence on the gateway device when the flooding information broadcast is generated in the subnet route ad hoc network, so that the number of the subnet route nodes in a certain area is controlled within a certain range when the subnet route nodes are installed, and the influence on the working efficiency and the data transmission performance of the subnet route nodes due to the flooding information broadcast can be avoided.
By adopting the technical scheme, the effect of remotely transmitting the information in a certain area range can be realized through the step of installing the gateway, so that a method of using the sub-routing nodes in a large area can be avoided, and the use cost of wireless data transmission is reduced.
Preferably, in the step of installing the gateway, the gateway switching device independent of the subnet route is used to avoid the influence on the gateway device when the flooding information broadcast is generated in the subnet route ad hoc network, so that the number of the subnet route nodes in a certain area is controlled within a certain range when the subnet route nodes are installed, and the influence on the working efficiency and the data transmission performance of the subnet route nodes due to the flooding information broadcast can be avoided.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, this scheme can realize the effect of this device flood isolation through independent gateway equipment to can when in actual use, the sub-route broadcast information in different regions can not transmit other regional within range, avoided broadcast information's sustained copy to enlarge.
Preferably, in the step of establishing the ad hoc network connection, the gateway device is used to store the identification code of the subnet route node in a certain area, and when the information is transmitted, whether the current information target is located at the subnet route node in the current area can be rapidly positioned through the identification code stored in the gateway, so as to judge whether the data transmission is required to be continued in the area.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, this scheme can be fast judge whether there is the data target node in the current regional inside according to the identification code storehouse through the mode of ad hoc network connection to avoid further carrying out the broadcast inquiry in the region, thereby realized reducing sub-routing node working strength's effect.
Preferably, the step of establishing a first-level network ad hoc network includes the steps of combining and storing the sub-network routing node identification codes in a plurality of gateways, judging whether the current information belongs to the sub-network routing node in the current area according to the identification code library stored in the current gateway when the information is received, if the current information does not belong to the current area, transmitting the information to other nearby gateway equipment through directional wireless transmission equipment, and searching the identification code library under the gateway equipment by the other gateway equipment, so that the target node is quickly judged to belong to the gateway under the target node.
By adopting the technical scheme, the data terminal can be rapidly positioned in the range of which area through the connection between the gateways, so that wireless data transmission of a plurality of areas is associated.
In summary, the present invention includes at least one of the following beneficial effects:
The invention combines the active beacon routing and the reactive routing technology, has smaller routing cost and stronger network expansibility, and changes the broadcasting of most routing messages in the reactive routing process into unicast by utilizing the network spanning tree, thereby obviously reducing the routing cost in the reactive routing process.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a large-scale ad hoc network composite routing method according to the present invention;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to fig. 1.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, in order to solve the existing problem in this embodiment, the present invention discloses a large-scale ad hoc network composite routing method, which includes the following steps:
S1, installing a sub-network routing step, wherein the sub-network routing node is installed in a coverage area of a wireless network, in the installation process, the central position of the area is determined, the sub-network routing node is installed in the central position, and after the sub-network routing node is installed in the central position, other sub-network routing nodes are continuously installed near the sub-network routing node in the central position;
S2, establishing a subnet route ad hoc network step, wherein in the subnet route node installation process, the installation position is moved to enable the signal intensity between the current subnet route node and the adjacent subnet route nodes to be located at the critical distance of the strong signal intensity range, the current subnet route node is installed at the moment, the current subnet route node sends a Hello message to the adjacent subnet route nodes, the adjacent subnet route nodes feed back the message after receiving the Hello message, and the identification code information of the adjacent subnet route nodes is added in the feedback information, so that the ad hoc network information among the subnet route nodes can be stored in each subnet route node by broadcasting the adjacent subnet route nodes when each subnet route node is installed;
And S3, installing a gateway, namely installing switching equipment at the position, close to the edge, of the area after the sub-network routing nodes are installed in a certain area, wherein the gateway comprises switching equipment and wireless routing, after the switching equipment is installed, the switching equipment broadcasts all the sub-network routing nodes in the current area through the wireless routing, a flooding transmission mechanism is adopted for broadcast files, after receiving the broadcast files from the sub-network routing nodes close to the switching equipment, the sub-network routing nodes adjacent to the sub-network routing nodes broadcast the broadcast files, and after receiving the broadcast files for the second time, the sub-network routing nodes stop broadcasting, so that after a period of time, all the sub-network routing nodes in the area receive the broadcast files sent by the switching equipment, and at the moment, all the sub-network routing nodes reply the broadcast files, wherein the reply content comprises own identification codes and the identification codes of the sub-network routing nodes adjacent to the sub-network routing nodes.
S4, establishing an ad hoc network connection step, wherein after the switching equipment receives the reply broadcast file of all the subnet route nodes in the area, registration is carried out according to the identification codes of all the subnet route nodes in the reply file, and a distribution network of all the subnet route nodes in the area can be established in the switching equipment according to the identification codes of the subnet route nodes adjacent to the switching equipment, so that the signal connection relation and the signal transmission path among all the subnet route nodes are determined.
S5, installing a first-level network node, wherein the step is to install directional signal wireless transmission equipment with the gateway, so that the gateway is in wireless transmission connection with other gateways, the distance between gateway nodes in the first-level network can be kept far through the directional signal wireless transmission equipment, the gateways are not required to be identical in distance, and the directional signal wireless transmission equipment only needs to face the adjacent gateway equipment closest to the gateway when the gateways transmit information through the directional signal wireless transmission equipment;
S6, establishing a first-level network ad hoc network step, wherein after the gateways in all areas are installed, information transmission is carried out among the gateways through directional signal wireless transmission equipment, and all the subnetworks in the areas are sent to adjacent gateway equipment by node identification codes when the gateways transmit mutual information, so that ad hoc network connection information is established by recording the equipment identification codes under the adjacent gateways.
The sub-network route installation step is to select a broader position for sub-network route installation in the central area when the preliminary sub-network route installation is performed.
The step of establishing the subnet route ad hoc network can periodically and automatically repeat the step when the ad hoc network is actually used, and the position and the working state of the subnet route node in a certain area can be updated in the repeated execution process of the step, so that the information of offline equipment can be deleted by repeating the step under the condition that the subnet route is offline in the ad hoc network, and the offline equipment is prevented from being used for transferring in the subsequent data transmission process.
The step of installing the gateway can avoid influencing the gateway equipment when the flooding information broadcast is generated in the subnet route ad hoc network by using the gateway switching equipment independent of the subnet route, so that the number of the subnet route nodes in a certain area is controlled within a certain range when the subnet route nodes are installed, and the influence on the working efficiency and the data transmission performance of the subnet route nodes due to the flooding information broadcast can be avoided.
And the step of establishing the ad hoc network connection uses gateway equipment to store the identification codes of the sub-network routing nodes in a certain area, and can rapidly locate whether the current information target is positioned in the sub-network routing node in the current area or not through the identification codes stored in the gateway during information transmission, so as to judge whether the data transmission is required to be continued in the area or not.
The step of establishing the first-level network ad hoc network comprises the steps of combining and storing the sub-network routing node identification codes in a plurality of gateways, judging whether the current information belongs to the sub-network routing node in the current area according to the identification code library stored in the current gateway when the information is received, if the current information does not belong to the current area, transmitting the information to other nearby gateway equipment through directional wireless transmission equipment, and searching the identification code library under the gateway equipment by the other gateway equipment, so that the target node belongs to which gateway.
Example two
As shown in fig. 1, in order to solve the existing problem in this embodiment, based on the same concept as the first embodiment, the method for large-scale ad hoc network composite routing further includes the following usage methods:
Active routing portion
Each node of the ad hoc network periodically sends a Hello message to inform the neighbor node of existence, and all nodes can obtain the neighbor node list of the node in the process, so that one-hop route establishment is completed.
Reactive routing part
When the node finds that the service destination node is not in the own one-hop range, a path searching process is initiated, and the main flow is as follows:
1. The source node sends a route searching signaling to an own superior node in the network spanning tree, and the route searching signaling carries a destination node;
2. after receiving the route searching signaling, the superior node searches whether the own neighbor node list has a target node, if so, immediately returns a route searching success signaling, and if not, forwards the route searching signaling to the own superior node;
3. If other neighbor nodes of the source node also receive the path-finding signaling, finding that the neighbor list has a target node, and sending a path-finding success signaling to the source node;
4. If all levels of upper nodes of the source node have no route of the destination node, the source node finally reaches the root node of the network spanning tree;
5. When the root node does not have the destination node route either, sending a whole network flooding carrying destination node paging signaling once, and searching for the destination node by using the opportunity of broadcasting the whole network by using the flooding information;
6. After receiving the paging signaling, the destination node unicast-transmits a paging reply signaling to the root node along the network spanning tree, i.e. the next hop forwarding node is the upper node of the destination node;
7. After receiving the paging reply signaling of the destination node, the root node unicast transmits a path searching success signaling to the source node;
8. if the source node receives a plurality of route finding successful signaling in one frame, the source node comprehensively considers the forwarding hop count and the link quality and selects the optimal route.
The method has the advantages that:
Common routing protocols include active routing and reactive routing, where the active routing period maintains a full network topology, the routing overhead grows exponentially with the number of network nodes, the size of routing tables that nodes need to maintain is also huge, and a significant portion of these are invalid routes, i.e., the source node does not have the need to send traffic to these destination nodes. Reactive routing initiates a route to a destination node when the node has traffic, and the overhead is small when there is no traffic. In practical tactical wireless networks, however, nodes typically have traffic demands. And the routing message of the reactive routing is broadcasted in the whole network, the cost of the routing message is rapidly increased along with the network scale, and when the number of the services is large, the cost of the routing protocol exceeds that of the active routing, so that the expandability is poor.
The scheme adopts the mixed design of active and reactive routing, and further reduces the routing overhead. The basic design concept is that a one-hop route is actively established, and a one-hop external route is established on demand by utilizing a network spanning tree. The network spanning tree can be established by adopting a plurality of methods, including a plurality of protocols such as STP (SPANNING TREE Protocol), and the invention is not limited to the specific method for establishing the network spanning tree.
In the aspect of active routing, the scheme does not add extra overhead, and the overhead can be regarded as zero.
In the aspect of reactive routing, the routing signaling, the paging reply signaling and the routing success signaling are all unicast transmission, and compared with the traditional reactive routing broadcast transmission mechanism, the cost is greatly reduced. The overhead of the broadcast transmission mechanism is O (N), whereas unicast transmission is at most 2 times the maximum number of hops of the network, even if not the most recent route (transmission along the network spanning tree). Taking maximum 8 hops as an example, the method is only 16, and the method can not increase with the increase of the number N of network nodes, and has better expandability.
In addition, although the destination node paging signaling is broadcast in the whole network, a network spanning tree mechanism is also utilized, and the added overhead is O (m×f), where f is the number of service flows, and M is the average number of destination nodes that need to be paged for each service flow. Before the root node broadcasts the paging message of the destination node, if one of the upper nodes of each level of the source node finds the route of the destination node, the upper node can immediately return the successful route finding signaling without broadcasting the paging signaling of the node. Simulations indicate that only a small fraction of destination nodes need to broadcast node paging messages, and thus the increased routing overhead is not significant.
The above embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, so that the equivalent changes of the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A large-scale self-networking composite routing method comprises the following steps:
S1, installing a sub-network routing step, wherein the sub-network routing node is installed in a coverage area of a wireless network, in the installation process, the central position of the area is determined, the sub-network routing node is installed in the central position, and after the sub-network routing node is installed in the central position, other sub-network routing nodes are continuously installed near the sub-network routing node in the central position;
S2, establishing a subnet route ad hoc network step, wherein in the subnet route node installation process, the installation position is moved to enable the signal intensity between the current subnet route node and the adjacent subnet route nodes to be located at the critical distance of the strong signal intensity range, the current subnet route node is installed at the moment, the current subnet route node sends a Hello message to the adjacent subnet route nodes, the adjacent subnet route nodes feed back the message after receiving the Hello message, and the identification code information of the adjacent subnet route nodes is added in the feedback information, so that the ad hoc network information among the subnet route nodes can be stored in each subnet route node by broadcasting the adjacent subnet route nodes when each subnet route node is installed;
And S3, installing a gateway, namely installing switching equipment at the position, close to the edge, of the area after the sub-network routing nodes are installed in a certain area, wherein the gateway comprises switching equipment and wireless routing, after the switching equipment is installed, the switching equipment broadcasts all the sub-network routing nodes in the current area through the wireless routing, a flooding transmission mechanism is adopted for broadcast files, after receiving the broadcast files from the sub-network routing nodes close to the switching equipment, the sub-network routing nodes adjacent to the sub-network routing nodes broadcast the broadcast files, and after receiving the broadcast files for the second time, the sub-network routing nodes stop broadcasting, so that after a period of time, all the sub-network routing nodes in the area receive the broadcast files sent by the switching equipment, and at the moment, all the sub-network routing nodes reply the broadcast files, wherein the reply content comprises own identification codes and the identification codes of the sub-network routing nodes adjacent to the sub-network routing nodes.
S4, establishing an ad hoc network connection step, wherein after the switching equipment receives the reply broadcast file of all the subnet route nodes in the area, registration is carried out according to the identification codes of all the subnet route nodes in the reply file, and a distribution network of all the subnet route nodes in the area can be established in the switching equipment according to the identification codes of the subnet route nodes adjacent to the switching equipment, so that the signal connection relation and the signal transmission path among all the subnet route nodes are determined.
S5, installing a first-level network node, wherein the step is to install directional signal wireless transmission equipment with the gateway, so that the gateway is in wireless transmission connection with other gateways, the distance between gateway nodes in the first-level network can be kept far through the directional signal wireless transmission equipment, the gateways are not required to be identical in distance, and the directional signal wireless transmission equipment only needs to face the adjacent gateway equipment closest to the gateway when the gateways transmit information through the directional signal wireless transmission equipment;
S6, establishing a first-level network ad hoc network step, wherein after the gateways in all areas are installed, information transmission is carried out among the gateways through directional signal wireless transmission equipment, and all the subnetworks in the areas are sent to adjacent gateway equipment by node identification codes when the gateways transmit mutual information, so that ad hoc network connection information is established by recording the equipment identification codes under the adjacent gateways.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of installing the sub-network route is performed by selecting a broader location for the sub-network route installation in the central area.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the step of establishing a subnet route ad hoc network is characterized in that the step is periodically and automatically repeated when the ad hoc network is actually used, and the positions and the working states of the subnet route nodes in a certain area can be updated during the repeated execution of the step, so that the information of the offline device can be deleted by repeating the step when the offline of the subnet route occurs in the ad hoc network, thereby avoiding the use of the offline device for transfer during the subsequent data transmission process.
4. A large-scale ad hoc network composite routing method according to claim 3, wherein said step of installing the gateway is capable of avoiding the influence on the gateway device when the flooding information broadcast is generated inside the ad hoc network by using the gateway switching device independent of the subnet route, so that the number of the subnet route nodes in a certain area is controlled within a certain range when the subnet route nodes are installed, and the influence on the work efficiency and the data transmission performance of the subnet route nodes due to the flooding information broadcast can be avoided.
5. The method for large-scale ad hoc network composite routing according to claim 4, wherein the step of establishing an ad hoc network connection uses gateway equipment to store the identification code of the sub-network routing node in a certain area, and during information transmission, the identification code stored in the gateway can rapidly locate whether the current information target is located in the sub-network routing node in the current area, so as to determine whether to continue data transmission in the area.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of establishing a first-level network ad hoc network is performed by combining and storing sub-network routing node identifiers in a plurality of gateways, judging whether the current information belongs to a sub-network routing node in a current area according to an identifier library stored in the current gateway when the information is received, if the current information does not belong to the current area, transmitting the information to other gateway devices nearby through directional wireless transmission devices, and searching the identifier library under the gateway device by the other gateway devices, so as to rapidly judge which gateway the target node belongs to.
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