CN1195067A - 可进行多次喷油的火花点火内燃机 - Google Patents
可进行多次喷油的火花点火内燃机 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种火花点火、往复式内燃机,它包括放置于汽缸内部的活塞,汽缸由汽缸盖加以封闭,该种内燃机具有将燃油直接喷入发动机汽缸中的燃油系统,喷油系统在第一次喷油过程期间喷射第一个燃油份额,在第二次喷油过程期间喷射第二个燃油份额,从而得到均匀的混合汽体。
Description
本发明涉及向火花点火内燃机的汽缸直接供油的一种系统和方法。
虽然火花点火、直接喷油、四冲程内燃机在内燃机行业中已出现多时，但仍未获得广泛应用。火花点火、直接喷油的发动机之所以未能广泛采用，至少在汽车工业中未能广泛采用，与以下若干因素有关，它们是：与柴油燃料相比而出现的汽油润滑问题、由于利用空气时导至排放颗粒物质、包括烟雾在内的问题，以及与爆燃控制有关的问题。
本发明的发明人确认，最好采用多次喷油来运行直接喷油、火花点火(下文将称为DISI)发动机。虽然在文献(“火花点火、直接喷油汽油机的混合气体准备和燃烧控制对策的综述”Zhao等，美国汽车工程师学会技术报告970627；“直接喷油火花点火发动机的混合气体形成过程和燃烧过程”Matsushita等，美国汽车工程师杂志，1996年10月第965期)中已提出了对分式喷油，但对称作对分式喷油所作的早期工作是要在发动机汽缸内保持分层注油。保持分层的要求与申请人要求保护的发明大相径庭。本发明人确认分层会引起生成颗粒物质和烟雾，而目前已对这两种废物的排放进行了管制，看来将来会对它们实行更严格的管制。
本发明的喷油系统和方法借助至少在四冲程循环的两个时间间隔内喷射燃油解决了与常规DISI发动机中所用系统有关的问题。本发明人确认在循环初期，也即在吸气冲程或进气冲程期间喷射一部分燃油，从而通过冷却注油有利于提高发动机的体积效率。此外，还确认，在循环后期，如上止点(BTDC)之前的150度曲柄角时喷射一部分燃油则更为有利。在压缩冲程后期喷射一部分燃油可有效地使发动机的爆燃受限的点火提前角增加，从而改进发动机运行的热效率。
本发明提出了一种火花点火、往复式内燃机，该种内燃机至少包括一个活塞，该活塞放置在被汽缸盖封闭的汽缸内，和一个燃油系统，该系统用于将燃油直接喷入至发动机汽缸中，且由喷油系统在第一次喷油期间喷第一个份额的燃油，在第二次喷油期间喷射第二个份额的燃油，从而获得均匀的混合体。第一次和第二次喷油过程的定时，以及第一喷油过程期间的喷油量都选成，能使汽缸中最终的空气/燃油混合体是均匀的。按照本发明，具有本发明的燃油系统的DISI发动机在全负载运行期间，将燃烧均匀的燃油混合体。第一个和第二个燃油份额值由发动机控制器加以确定，该控制器根据一个或多个发动机运行参数测量值进行工作。
当发动机从较低速度下的运行点过渡至较高速度下的运行点时，第一次和第二次喷油过程的开始点提前，或反之。当发动机按四冲程循环运行时，第一次喷油过程的开始点一般发生在进气冲程上止点后(ATDC)的30至120度曲柄角之间。第二次喷油过程的开始点一般发生在压缩冲程上止点前60-180度曲柄角之间。一般，第一次喷油过程的开始选成，使燃油喷射中的大部分油滴能在进气阀(一些进气阀)关闭之前恰好汽化。这样，由燃油汽化产生的注油冷却对体积效率的影响将最大。第二次喷油过程的开始则选成，能形成一种均匀的混合体，从而避免产生烟灰和不稳定的燃烧。根据这一约束条件，应将第二次喷油过程定时成尽可能的晚，以便使注油冷却的爆燃抑制效应达到最大。当然，这两个喷油过程的定时都与发动机速度及燃油液滴的尺寸有关。
第一个燃油份额与第二个燃油份额之比造成，在第二次喷油过程期间只有小量的燃油可利用，以便使发动机得以在MBT打火定时时或在MBT打火定时附近、无爆燃地进行运行。
图1是具有本发明提出的燃油系统的发动机局部切去的剖视图；
图2是一示意框图，它表示具有本发明提出的燃油系统的发动机的各种部件；
图3是一程序框图，它表示本发明提出的发动机的加油方法。
在图1中是一台往复式内燃机，它具有位于汽缸14之内的活塞12，汽缸14被汽缸盖24封闭，接受通过进气阀20进入的空气；废气则通过排气阀22从汽缸14排出。燃油借助喷油器16进人汽缸14，喷油器16受控制器30的操纵(图2)。通常，燃烧混合气体借助火花塞18进行点火，此火花塞18也受控制器30的操纵。本领域普通技术人员将对公开的内容表示赞赏，因为本发明提出的系统可应用于单或多缸、二或四冲程循环的、具有一个、两个或多个进气和/或排气阀的发动机，其详细结构可由那些渴望应用本发明提出的系统的人士加以进行。
如图2所示，发动机控制器30最好是属于本领域普通技术人员已知的那类控制器，它接受若干传感器32发出的数据，操纵内燃机。这些传感器测量以下的发动机运行参数，如吸入空气的温度、燃油压力、油门位置、发动机冷却液温度、发动机润滑剂温度、进气系统绝对压力、燃油系统压力、发动机速度、发动机负载、排气系统温度、废气含氧量、以及本领域普通技术人员已知的、和本发明建议的那些其它参数，并按照各种发动机运行参数产生输出信号。
控制器30连续地读取传感器32输出的数据，确定每一四冲程汽缸过程期间发生的多次喷油的总喷油量，或者，当本发明用于二冲程循环发动机时，确定二冲程汽缸过程期间发生的多次喷油的总喷油量。控制器30还确定多次喷油中每次喷油的相对份额，以及多次喷油的定时。然后按照预定的燃油量和定时，控制器30起动喷油器16。这里假定，由喷油器16供给发动机汽缸的燃油量一般正比于喷油器按常规脉宽调节喷油策略处于打开状态的总时间量，也正比于喷油器中燃油压力的平方根。当然，这两个参数都可根据应用系统的任一具体发动机的需要加以控制和选择。
图3仅表示了应用本发明系统的许多可能算法中的一种。程序开始于图框50，其中控制器30沿计算路线起动。在图框52，控制器30读取传感器32的输出数据。在图框54，控制器30按照应用本发明系统的不同类型的发动机，计算出二或四冲程循环期间需输送的总燃油量。接着至图框56，控制器30确定燃油相对份额。这些份额要选成能使发动机效率按本说明书前述办法达到最优。具体讲，在循环早期喷射相对较大的燃油量可提高体积效率。但是，如果循环早期喷油的份额太大，则可用于抑制火花爆燃或预点火的后期注油冷却将不可得到。因此，本发明的发明人确定，在循环初期喷三分之二的燃油，保留三分之一燃油进行后期喷射可产生均匀充气，从而既能产生注油冷却，又能产生高的体积效率，同时还能抑制爆燃。
本发明的发明人还确定，甚至在循环后期喷入三分之一燃油，所得到的体积效率也接近单次早期喷油的体积效率。下述图表表示一台在1500、3000和4000rpm(每分钟转数)下运行的发动机的典型喷油开始点的定时。图表中，ATDC表示进气冲程中过上止点后的平均曲柄角度；BTDC表示压缩冲程中上止点之前的平均曲柄角度。1500rpm 第一次喷射 - 90ATDC
第二次喷射 - 90-120BTDC3000rpm 第一次喷射 - 40-50ATDC
第二次喷射 - 120-150BTDC4000rpm 第一次喷射 - 30ATDC
第二次喷射 - 150-180BTDC
计算多次喷油中各次喷油的燃油份额以及各次喷油的定时是为了使发动机扭矩达到最大。这意味着控制器30需不断重新计算各次喷油的相对燃油份额及其定时。各次喷油的定时是在程序块58中参照发动机速度确定的。如本领域普通技术人员所知的那样，在各种发动机速度下必须有足够的时间使燃油能充分汽化，从而避免形成不必要的烟雾和颗粒物质。在程序块60，按照预定的份额和总喷油量，以及喷油定时，控制器30命令喷油器16向发动机提供燃油。然后在图框62，程序继续进行，从图框62走向图框58处进行新的读取传感器输出数据。
控制器30的另一作用是计算控制火花塞18的打火定时。本发明人已确认，一般最好在MBT打火定时下运行DISI发动机。这时，MBT被释义为最佳扭矩下的最小打火提前角。此MBT定时由控制器30考虑了许多由传感器32提供的运行参数检测值，或借助检索表，或借助一种算法而加以确定。此处的差异在于，燃油量、喷油定时和相对燃油份额是与MBT打火定时同时确定的，从而使发动机效率达到最大。喷油的量和定时可在确定MBT定时时加以应用。最后，控制器30选择的真实定时可以不是预计的MBT定时，而只是MBT定时的函数。例如，控制器30进行的初步计算确定，MBT定时应为上止点前25度曲柄角，可将定时设置在上止点前20度，以保证发动机不发生爆燃。
虽然本发明是以其最佳实施例加以表示和说明的，但对那些本领域普通技术人员而言，显然，只要不偏离本发明的范围，对此可进行许多变化和修改。
Claims (14)
1、一种火花点火、往复式内燃机，该种内燃机包括：
至少一个活塞，该活塞放置在被汽缸盖封闭的汽缸内；和
一个燃油系统，该系统用于将燃油直接喷人发动机汽缸中，且由所述喷油系统在第一次喷油期喷射第一个份额的燃油，在第二次喷油期间喷射第二个份额的燃油，以获得均匀混合体。
2、如权利要求1的发动机，其特征在于，所述第一次和第二次喷油过程的定时，以及所述每一喷油过程期间的喷油量都选成，能使所述汽缸中最终的空气/燃油混合体是均匀的。
3、如权利要求1的发动机，其特征在于，在全负载运行期间所述发动机燃烧均匀的空气/燃油混合体。
4、如权利要求1的发动机，其特征在于，所述第一个份额和所述第二个份额由发动机控制器根据一个或多个发动机运行参数的测量值加以确定。
5、如权利要求1的发动机，其特征在于，所述第一个份额约为燃油的三分之二，而所述第二个份额为所喷燃油的三分之一。
6、如权利要求1的发动机，其特征在于，当发动机从较低速度下的运行点过渡至较高速度下的运行点时，所述第一次和第二次喷油过程的开始点提前。
7、如权利要求1的发动机，其特征在于，对按四冲程循环运行的发动机，所述第一次喷油过程的开始点位于进气冲程上止点之后的30至120度曲柄角度之间。
8、如权利要求1的发动机，其特征在于，对按四冲程循环运行的发动机，所述第二次喷油过程的开始点发生于压缩冲程上止点之前的60至180度曲柄角度之间。
9、如权利要求1的发动机，其特征在于，所述第一个燃油份额与所述第二个燃油份额的比例按以下要求选择，即在第二次喷油过程期间，只有最小量的燃油可加以利用，以便发动机得以在MBT打火定时时刻无爆燃地进行运行。
10、一种用于火花点火内燃机的多次喷油系统，该系统包括：
至少一个喷油器，用于在多次喷油过程期间将燃油直接喷人发动机汽缸中；
若干传感器，用于测量若干发动机运行参数值，并按所述测量值产生输出信号；
一个控制器，用于操纵所述喷油器、接受所述传感器的输出数据，以及确定：
在每一汽缸循环期间由所述喷油喷射的燃油总量；
在所述多次喷油过程的每一喷油过程期间喷油总量的各相对份额；和
多次喷射过程中每一喷油过程的定时。
11、如权利要求10的多次喷油系统，其特征在于，所述控制器还确定MBT打火定时。
12、如权利要求10的多次喷油系统，其特征在于，所述控制器还至少随多次喷油过程中每一喷油过程期间喷油泵量的相对份额的变化来确定MBT打火的定时。
13、一种用于火花点火内燃机的多次喷油系统的运行方法，该方法包括：
测量若干发动机运行参数值，并按照所述测量值产生输出信号；
将传感器的输出数据读入至控制器，并确定：
计算每一汽缸过程中多次喷油过程期间喷油的总量；
确定所述多次喷油过程中每次喷油过程期间喷油的相对份额；
确定多次喷油过程中每次喷油过程的定时；以及
在多次喷油期间，按照已确定的相对份额和已确定的定时，喷射经计算的燃油总量。
14、如权利要求13的方法，该方法还包括的步骤有：
至少随燃油输出的量和定时的变化来计算MBT打火定时，并随计算的MBT定时的变化设置发动机的打火定时。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/829,292 US5713328A (en) | 1997-03-31 | 1997-03-31 | Spark ignited internal combustion engine with multiple event fuel injection |
| US829292 | 1997-03-31 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1195067A true CN1195067A (zh) | 1998-10-07 |
Family
ID=25254097
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN98101228A Pending CN1195067A (zh) | 1997-03-31 | 1998-03-30 | 可进行多次喷油的火花点火内燃机 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5713328A (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0869269B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1195067A (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU738394B2 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR9800970A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2226193A1 (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE69716576T2 (zh) |
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- 1997-03-31 US US08/829,292 patent/US5713328A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-31 DE DE69716576T patent/DE69716576T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-31 EP EP97310698A patent/EP0869269B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-01-05 CA CA002226193A patent/CA2226193A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-03-25 BR BR9800970-2A patent/BR9800970A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-03-30 AU AU59710/98A patent/AU738394B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-03-30 CN CN98101228A patent/CN1195067A/zh active Pending
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101151453B (zh) * | 2005-03-30 | 2010-08-18 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 用于内燃机的气体混合物状态估计设备和排放物生成量估计设备 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU738394B2 (en) | 2001-09-20 |
| EP0869269A1 (en) | 1998-10-07 |
| BR9800970A (pt) | 1999-09-28 |
| AU5971098A (en) | 1998-10-01 |
| EP0869269B1 (en) | 2002-10-23 |
| DE69716576D1 (de) | 2002-11-28 |
| US5713328A (en) | 1998-02-03 |
| CA2226193A1 (en) | 1998-09-30 |
| DE69716576T2 (de) | 2003-03-06 |
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