CN119413110B - Low-voltage sweep frequency detection method for multichannel vibrating wire strain gauge - Google Patents
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
- G01B17/04—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by vibrating string
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
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Abstract
A multi-channel vibrating wire strain gauge low-voltage frequency sweep detection method belongs to the technical field of vibrating wire strain gauges and aims to solve the problems of complex control of low-voltage frequency sweep and poor stability and accuracy; the frequency value obtained by the last frequency sweep is used as the initial value of the frequency sweep, so that the frequency sweep process can start searching from a position closer to the resonance frequency, the unnecessary frequency scanning range is reduced, meanwhile, the relation between the excitation frequency and the resonance frequency can be rapidly judged based on a dynamic adjustment strategy of the phase difference change rate, the step length is flexibly adjusted according to the situation, the speed approaching to the resonance frequency is greatly accelerated, and compared with the traditional low-voltage frequency sweep method, the frequency sweep time is effectively shortened, the frequency sweep efficiency is improved, the accurate frequency measurement result can be obtained more rapidly, the effectiveness of the frequency value is judged by adopting a method for sequencing to take the intermediate value and calculating the data stability percentage, and the stability and the accuracy of the measurement result are further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vibrating wire strain gauges, in particular to a multichannel vibrating wire strain gauge low-voltage sweep frequency detection method.
Background
The vibrating wire strain gauge is used as an important measuring element and plays a key role in a plurality of fields such as engineering construction, structural health monitoring and the like, and the core principle is that the natural frequency of a steel wire and the strain quantity are in a linear relation, so that the strain quantity of the steel wire can be calculated according to a related formula by accurately detecting the natural frequency of the steel wire, and in practical application, the steel wire is firmly installed on structures such as a pipeline and a bridge by means of an end seat, so that the strain quantities of the objects can be synchronously acquired in real time, and the vibrating wire strain gauge has important significance for guaranteeing engineering safety and finding potential risks of the structure in time.
In the field of steel string frequency detection, there are mainly two methods of high-voltage excitation and low-voltage frequency sweep conventionally, the high-voltage excitation mode forces the steel string to vibrate forcefully by applying instantaneous high-voltage pulses on the coil, and then the sensed frequency signals are read from the coil, and the mode has the advantages that the required software and hardware design is relatively simple, and the steel string can vibrate only by sending single high-voltage pulses, however, the method has the advantages that the defects are quite remarkable, on one hand, not all steel strings can be subjected to excitation in the high-voltage excitation mode, so that the method has certain limitation in application range, on the other hand, the coil, the steel strings or the acquisition device are extremely easy to damage due to the fact that the amplitude of a high-voltage excitation signal is too high, the service life of equipment is greatly shortened, and meanwhile, the maintenance cost of the equipment is inevitably increased.
The low-voltage frequency sweeping mode excites the steel string by using a low-voltage pulse signal to generate resonance, and because only the low-voltage pulse signal close to the natural frequency of the steel string can generate resonance, the low-voltage pulse signal with different frequencies is required to be continuously converted for excitation, and the validity of the sensed signal is judged, although the low-voltage frequency sweeping mode avoids part of the problems of high-voltage excitation to a certain extent, the low-voltage frequency sweeping control is complex, the stability and the accuracy are poor, and the implementation difficulty is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multichannel vibrating wire strain gauge low-voltage sweep frequency detection method, which solves the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the technical scheme that the multi-channel vibrating wire strain gauge low-voltage sweep frequency detection method comprises the following steps of:
s1, initializing a program, and reading the number of channels configured by a user from a storage unit FLASH And the excitation signal initial valueIf the program is not running for the first time, the initial value of the excitation signalThe frequency value obtained by the last frequency sweep is obtained;
s2, channel detection circulation, namely, the first channel is detected through a channel switch The individual vibrating wire strain gauges are connected with an excitation circuit and a collection circuit, whereinAs a channel index, the initial value is 1, the increment is carried out after each cycle, and the excitation coil resistance of the vibrating wire strain gauge is readJudgingWhether it is true or not,AndIf the value is not established, marking the channel detection failure, setting the channel frequency value as 0, and if the value is established, performing the steps of self-adaptive excitation frequency adjustment and frequency sweep;
S3, self-adaptive excitation frequency adjustment and frequency sweep:
S31, frequency adjustment based on phase difference, and applying an excitation signal to an excitation coil Simultaneously, the induction electromotive force generated by vibrating wire vibration is measured through another group of induction coilsAccurate measurement using phase-locked loop techniquesThe phase-locked loop technology continuously adjusts the frequency and the phase of the voltage-controlled oscillator by comparing the phases of the input signal and the feedback signal to lock the phase of the voltage-controlled oscillator with the phase of the input signal, thereby accurately obtaining the phase differenceWhereinFor the amplitude of the excitation signal,In order to be of an angular frequency,In order to excite the frequency of the excitation,For the amplitude of the induced electromotive force, calculating the phase difference change rateThe excitation frequencies of two continuous measurements are respectivelyAndThe corresponding phase difference isAndThe phase difference change rate is approximatelySetting a phase difference change rate thresholdIf (if)Adjusting the step of the excitation frequencyTo rapidly approach the resonance frequency ifIndicating that the resonance frequency is close to,For the last step of adjustment, the initial stepAt the same time, to reduce the influence of noise interference on the calculation of the phase difference change rate, the phase difference change rate is processed by adopting the sliding average filtering, and the sliding window size is set asRate of change of phase difference after filteringEstablishing a phase difference-frequency relation curve historical database, and calculating the similarity between the current phase difference-frequency curve and the historical curveIf (if)Re-evaluate the frequency adjustment direction, whereinAs the similarity threshold, the similarityThe correlation coefficient method is adopted for calculation, and the formula is as follows:
;
Wherein the method comprises the steps of AndThe average of the historical frequency and the phase difference respectively,The number of the historical data sets;
s32, setting excitation frequency according to the adjusted frequency step length Let the initial excitation frequency beAt an initial excitation frequencyBased on which a series of excitation frequency sequences are generatedWhereinFor exciting the vibrating wire strain gauge in the frequency sweeping process, and exciting and collecting signals, namely for each exciting frequencyOutputting a low-voltage excitation signal with the amplitude of 8VAnd keep 30ms, ensure that the vibrating wire can produce stable vibration under the excitation, turn off the output switch, turn on the input switch, read the frequency of the induction signal through the capture circuit, obtain a set of frequency sequence data,Counting the number of the collected data;
s4, frequency data processing and judging:
S41, preprocessing data, namely removing frequency sequence data The first 10 and last 10 data of (a) to reduce the influence of unstable factors possibly existing in the initial and final stages on the final result to obtain the residual sequence;
S42, calculating intermediate values for the residual sequencesOrdering ifIf it is even, take the intermediate valueIf (if)Odd number of;
S43, calculating the stability, namely calculating the difference value between each value and the intermediate value in the residual sequenceStatistical differencesAt the position ofTo the point ofNumber of data in rangeCalculate percent smoothness;
S44, judging and storing the frequency value if the stability percentage is the sameSaving the frequency value obtained by the channelIf (if)Marking the channel sweep failure, settingWill beStorage locations stored in the corresponding channels;
s5, judging channel switching and ending conditions, namely indexing the channel after finishing detection of one channel Increment by 1, i.eReady to detect the next channel, ifReturning to the channel detection circulation step to continue detecting the next channel, if soAnd (3) indicating that all channels are detected, storing the frequency values of all the channels acquired this time, except for failure of frequency sweep, taking the values as initial values of the excitation frequency of the next frequency sweep, and ending the whole frequency sweep process.
Furthermore, the excitation circuit and the acquisition circuit are shared by a plurality of channels, and the connection with different vibrating wire strain gauges is realized through a channel switch.
Further, the frequency sequence dataIn the acquisition process of the system, the number of the acquired data points is determined according to the actual measurement requirements and the precision requirements.
Further, the sliding window size of the moving average filteringAnd adjusting according to the measuring environment and the characteristics of the vibrating wire strain gauge.
Further, the phase difference change rate threshold valueSimilarity thresholdDepending on the particular type of vibrating wire strain gauge and the application Jing Sheding.
Further, the initial excitation frequencyThe amplitude of the excitation signal is 8V and the parameter setting for 30ms is determined according to the excitation requirement and the measurement stability of the vibrating wire strain gauge
Further, in the frequency value judging and storing step, the percent of stabilityThreshold of (2)The vibration wire strain gauge can be adjusted according to the measurement precision requirement and the stability of the vibration wire strain gauge.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
According to the low-pressure sweep frequency detection method of the multichannel vibrating wire strain gauge, provided by the invention, the damage to the coil, the steel wire and the acquisition device caused by high-pressure excitation is effectively avoided by adopting a low-pressure sweep frequency mode and combining with a self-adaptive excitation frequency adjustment strategy, and particularly in the phase difference-based frequency adjustment process, the excitation frequency can be accurately controlled according to the actual state of the vibrating wire, so that the risk of equipment damage caused by excessive excitation is reduced, the reliability and the service life of equipment are obviously improved, and the maintenance cost is reduced;
The frequency value obtained by the last frequency sweep is used as the initial value of the frequency sweep, so that the frequency sweep process can start searching from a position closer to the resonance frequency, the unnecessary frequency scanning range is reduced, meanwhile, the relation between the excitation frequency and the resonance frequency can be rapidly judged based on a dynamic adjustment strategy of the phase difference change rate, the step length is flexibly adjusted according to the situation, the speed approaching to the resonance frequency is greatly accelerated, and compared with the traditional low-voltage frequency sweep method, the frequency sweep time is effectively reduced, the frequency sweep efficiency is improved, and the accurate frequency measurement result can be rapidly obtained;
and the influence of unstable factors on results in the initial stage and the end stage is reduced by removing 10 pieces of data before and after the frequency sequence data, the effectiveness of the frequency value is judged by adopting a method of taking intermediate values through sequencing and calculating the stability percentage of the data, and the stability and the accuracy of the measurement result are further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a hardware circuit diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order to solve the technical problems of complex control of low-voltage sweep frequency and poor stability and accuracy, as shown in fig. 1-2, the following preferred technical scheme is provided:
A multi-channel vibrating wire strain gauge low-voltage sweep frequency detection method comprises the following steps:
s1, initializing a program, and reading the number of channels configured by a user from a storage unit FLASH And the excitation signal initial valueIf the program is not running for the first time, the initial value of the excitation signalThe frequency value obtained by the last frequency sweep is obtained;
s2, channel detection circulation, namely, the first channel is detected through a channel switch The individual vibrating wire strain gauges are connected with an excitation circuit and a collection circuit, whereinAs a channel index, the initial value is 1, the increment is carried out after each cycle, and the excitation coil resistance of the vibrating wire strain gauge is readJudgingWhether it is true or not,AndIf the value is not established, marking the channel detection failure, setting the channel frequency value as 0, and if the value is established, performing the steps of self-adaptive excitation frequency adjustment and frequency sweep;
S3, self-adaptive excitation frequency adjustment and frequency sweep:
S31, frequency adjustment based on phase difference, and applying an excitation signal to an excitation coil Simultaneously, the induction electromotive force generated by vibrating wire vibration is measured through another group of induction coilsAccurate measurement using phase-locked loop techniquesThe phase-locked loop technology continuously adjusts the frequency and the phase of the voltage-controlled oscillator by comparing the phases of the input signal and the feedback signal to lock the phase of the voltage-controlled oscillator with the phase of the input signal, thereby accurately obtaining the phase differenceWhereinFor the amplitude of the excitation signal,In order to be of an angular frequency,In order to excite the frequency of the excitation,For the amplitude of the induced electromotive force, calculating the phase difference change rateThe excitation frequencies of two continuous measurements are respectivelyAndThe corresponding phase difference isAndThe phase difference change rate is approximatelySetting a phase difference change rate thresholdIf (if)Adjusting the step of the excitation frequencyTo rapidly approach the resonance frequency ifIndicating that the resonance frequency is close to,For the last step of adjustment, the initial stepAt the same time, to reduce the influence of noise interference on the calculation of the phase difference change rate, the phase difference change rate is processed by adopting the sliding average filtering, and the sliding window size is set asRate of change of phase difference after filteringEstablishing a phase difference-frequency relation curve historical database, and calculating the similarity between the current phase difference-frequency curve and the historical curveIf (if)Re-evaluate the frequency adjustment direction, whereinAs the similarity threshold, the similarityThe correlation coefficient method is adopted for calculation, and the formula is as follows:
;
Wherein the method comprises the steps of AndThe average of the historical frequency and the phase difference respectively,The number of the historical data sets;
s32, setting excitation frequency according to the adjusted frequency step length Let the initial excitation frequency beAt an initial excitation frequencyBased on which a series of excitation frequency sequences are generatedWhereinFor exciting the vibrating wire strain gauge in the frequency sweeping process, and exciting and collecting signals, namely for each exciting frequencyOutputting a low-voltage excitation signal with the amplitude of 8VAnd keep 30ms, ensure that the vibrating wire can produce stable vibration under the excitation, turn off the output switch, turn on the input switch, read the frequency of the induction signal through the capture circuit, obtain a set of frequency sequence data,Counting the number of the collected data;
s4, frequency data processing and judging:
S41, preprocessing data, namely removing frequency sequence data The first 10 and last 10 data of (a) to reduce the influence of unstable factors possibly existing in the initial and final stages on the final result to obtain the residual sequence;
S42, calculating intermediate values for the residual sequencesOrdering ifIf it is even, take the intermediate valueIf (if)Odd number of;
S43, calculating the stability, namely calculating the difference value between each value and the intermediate value in the residual sequenceStatistical differencesAt the position ofTo the point ofNumber of data in rangeCalculate percent smoothness;
S44, judging and storing the frequency value if the stability percentage is the sameSaving the frequency value obtained by the channelIf (if)Marking the channel sweep failure, settingWill beStorage locations stored in the corresponding channels;
s5, judging channel switching and ending conditions, namely indexing the channel after finishing detection of one channel Increment by 1, i.eReady to detect the next channel, ifReturning to the channel detection circulation step to continue detecting the next channel, if soAnd (3) indicating that all channels are detected, storing the frequency values of all the channels acquired this time, except for failure of frequency sweep, taking the values as initial values of the excitation frequency of the next frequency sweep, and ending the whole frequency sweep process.
The excitation circuit and the acquisition circuit are shared by a plurality of channels, and are connected with different vibrating wire strain gauges through channel switches, and the frequency sequence dataIn the acquisition process of the filter, the number of the acquired data points is determined according to the actual measurement requirement and the precision requirement, and the size of the sliding window of the sliding average filterAnd adjusting according to the measuring environment and the characteristics of the vibrating wire strain gauge.
The phase difference change rate threshold valueSimilarity thresholdAccording to the specific model and application field Jing Sheding of the vibrating wire strain gauge, the initial excitation frequencyThe method can be set according to the nominal frequency range and the empirical value of the vibrating wire strain gauge during the first operation, wherein the excitation signal amplitude is 8V, the parameter setting for maintaining 30ms is determined according to the excitation requirement and the measurement stability of the vibrating wire strain gauge, and the frequency value is determined and stored in the step of determining and storing the stability percentageThreshold of (2)The vibration wire strain gauge can be adjusted according to the measurement precision requirement and the stability of the vibration wire strain gauge.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention by making equivalents and modifications to the technical solution and the inventive concept thereof.
Claims (10)
1. The low-voltage sweep frequency detection method of the multichannel vibrating wire strain gauge is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, initializing a program, and reading the number of channels configured by a user from a storage unit FLASH And the excitation signal initial valueIf the program is not running for the first time, the initial value of the excitation signalThe frequency value obtained by the last frequency sweep is obtained;
s2, channel detection circulation, namely, the first channel is detected through a channel switch The individual vibrating wire strain gauges are connected with an excitation circuit and a collection circuit, whereinAs a channel index, the initial value is 1, the increment is carried out after each cycle, and the excitation coil resistance of the vibrating wire strain gauge is readJudgingWhether it is true or not,AndIf the value is not established, marking the channel detection failure, setting the channel frequency value as 0, and if the value is established, performing the steps of self-adaptive excitation frequency adjustment and frequency sweep;
S3, self-adaptive excitation frequency adjustment and frequency sweep:
S31, setting initial excitation frequency according to rules And determining the excitation frequency sequence based on the adaptive adjustment strategyThe adaptive adjustment strategy comprises frequency adjustment based on phase difference, specifically:
applying an excitation signal to an excitation coil based on frequency adjustment of the phase difference Simultaneously, the induction electromotive force generated by vibrating wire vibration is measured through another group of induction coilsAccurate measurement using phase-locked loop techniquesWhereinFor the amplitude of the excitation signal,In order to be of an angular frequency,In order to excite the frequency of the excitation,Is the magnitude of the induced electromotive force;
Calculating the phase difference change rate And adjusting the excitation frequency step length according to the comparison result of the phase difference change rate and the preset threshold valueMeanwhile, the phase difference change rate is processed by adopting moving average filtering, a phase difference-frequency relation curve historical database is established, and the similarity between the current phase difference-frequency curve and the historical curve is calculatedJudging whether to reevaluate the frequency adjustment direction according to the similarity;
s32 for each excitation frequency Outputting low-voltage excitation signals with specific parameters and keeping for a certain period of time, closing an output switch, opening an input switch, and reading the frequency of the induction signals through a capturing circuit to obtain a group of frequency sequence data;
S4, processing and judging the frequency data, namely processing the frequency sequence data, including removing part of the data, calculating intermediate values and judging the stability of the data, and determining the frequency value of the channel according to the stability judgment resultAnd storing;
s5, judging channel switching and ending conditions, namely indexing the channel after finishing detection of one channel Increment by 1, i.eReady to detect the next channel, ifReturning to the channel detection circulation step to continue detecting the next channel, if soAnd (3) indicating that all channels are detected, storing the frequency values of all the channels acquired this time, except for failure of frequency sweep, taking the values as initial values of the excitation frequency of the next frequency sweep, and ending the whole frequency sweep process.
2. The method for detecting the low-pressure sweep frequency of the multichannel vibrating wire strain gauge according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that the phase difference change rate is calculatedThe method of (1) is as follows:
the excitation frequencies of two continuous measurements are respectively set as AndThe corresponding phase difference isAndThe phase difference change rate is approximately。
3. The method for detecting low-voltage sweep frequency of a multi-channel vibrating wire strain gauge according to claim 2, wherein the preset threshold comprises a phase difference change rate thresholdIf (if)Adjusting the step of the excitation frequencyTo rapidly approach the resonance frequency ifIndicating that the resonance frequency is close to,For the last step of adjustment, the initial step。
4. A multi-channel vibrating wire strain gauge low-pressure sweep frequency detection method as set forth in claim 3 wherein the sliding window size of the moving average filter isAccording to the measuring environment and the characteristics of the vibrating wire strain gauge, the phase difference change rate after filtering is adjusted。
5. The method for detecting the low-voltage frequency sweep of the multichannel vibrating wire strain gauge according to claim 4, wherein the similarity isThe correlation coefficient method is adopted for calculation, and the formula is as follows:
;
Wherein the method comprises the steps of AndThe average of the historical frequency and the phase difference respectively,For the number of historical data sets, ifRe-evaluate the frequency adjustment direction, whereinIs a similarity threshold.
6. A method for detecting a low-voltage sweep frequency of a multi-channel vibrating wire strain gauge according to claim 1, wherein the specific parameter of the excitation signal is 8V in amplitude and is maintained for 30ms, and the specific parameter is determined according to the excitation requirement and measurement stability of the vibrating wire strain gauge.
7. The method for detecting the low-voltage sweep frequency of the multichannel vibrating wire strain gauge according to claim 1, wherein the step S4 of processing and judging the frequency data is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
S41, preprocessing data, namely removing frequency sequence data The first 10 and last 10 data of (a) to reduce the influence of unstable factors possibly existing in the initial and final stages on the final result to obtain the residual sequence;
S42, calculating intermediate values for the residual sequencesOrdering ifIf it is even, take the intermediate valueIf (if)Odd number of;
S43, calculating the stability, namely calculating the difference value between each value and the intermediate value in the residual sequenceStatistical differencesAt the position ofTo the point ofNumber of data in rangeCalculate percent smoothness;
S44, judging and storing the frequency value if the stability percentage is the sameSaving the frequency value obtained by the channelIf (if)Marking the channel sweep failure, settingWill beStored in the storage locations of the corresponding channels.
8. The method for detecting the low-voltage sweep frequency of the multi-channel vibrating wire strain gauge according to claim 1, wherein the excitation circuit and the acquisition circuit are shared by a plurality of channels, and the connection with different vibrating wire strain gauges is realized through a channel switch.
9. The method for detecting low-voltage sweep frequency of a multichannel vibrating wire strain gauge according to claim 1, wherein the frequency sequence data comprisesIn the acquisition process of the system, the number of the acquired data points is determined according to the actual measurement requirements and the precision requirements.
10. A method for detecting low-voltage sweep frequency of a multi-channel vibrating wire strain gauge according to claim 1, wherein the initial excitation frequency is as followsThe first time operation can be set according to the nominal frequency range and the experience value of the vibrating wire strain gauge.
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| CN110426003A (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2019-11-08 | 上海西派埃自动化仪表工程有限责任公司 | Frequency measuring method, device, equipment and storage medium based on vibrating string extensometer |
| CN113899388A (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2022-01-07 | 招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司 | Self-adaptive data acquisition method for vibrating wire sensor |
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| US7591187B2 (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2009-09-22 | Microstrain, Inc. | Wireless vibrating strain gauge for smart civil structures |
| CN114485735A (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2022-05-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | An adaptive swept-frequency excitation string-type wireless sensor |
| CN114813918B (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2025-07-11 | 杭州电子科技大学 | A method and device for detecting defects of steel cables based on frequency sweeping method |
| CN116481584B (en) * | 2023-04-27 | 2024-04-09 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Intelligent frequency reading method and wireless vibrating wire type acquisition instrument suitable for low-temperature environment |
| CN117102008A (en) * | 2023-08-07 | 2023-11-24 | 江苏大学 | Semi-controlled step frequency sweep variable sweep mode ultrasonic excitation signal generating device and method |
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| CN113899388A (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2022-01-07 | 招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司 | Self-adaptive data acquisition method for vibrating wire sensor |
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