CN119409711A - A nitrogen heterocyclic organic compound and its application, an organic electroluminescent device - Google Patents
A nitrogen heterocyclic organic compound and its application, an organic electroluminescent device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及有机电致发光器件技术领域，公开了一种氮杂环有机化合物及其应用、一种有机电致发光器件，该化合物具有式（I）所示的结构。将本发明提供的氮杂环有机化合物用于有机发光器件时，含有这类氮杂环有机化合物的有机发光器件具有驱动电压低、发光效率高及使用寿命长的优点。 The present invention relates to the technical field of organic electroluminescent devices, and discloses a nitrogen heterocyclic organic compound and its application, and an organic electroluminescent device, wherein the compound has a structure shown in formula (I). When the nitrogen heterocyclic organic compound provided by the present invention is used in an organic light-emitting device, the organic light-emitting device containing such nitrogen heterocyclic organic compound has the advantages of low driving voltage, high luminous efficiency and long service life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic electroluminescent devices, in particular to an azacyclic organic compound and application thereof, and an organic electroluminescent device.
Background
An organic light emitting diode (OLED, organic Light Emission Diodes) is a display technology with a broad application prospect. The OLED has self-luminous characteristics and does not need a backlight source, so that the OLED has remarkable advantages in the aspects of contrast, color expression and the like, and meanwhile, the OLED also has the characteristics of light weight, thinness, flexibility and the like, and is one of the mainstream display technologies.
At present, a laminated organic electroluminescent device has been paid great attention, the light emitting principle is the same as that of a conventional single-layer OLED device, the single-layer OLED device is a light emitting unit, and generally comprises a light emitting layer, and an electron transport layer and a hole transport layer matched with the light emitting layer. For a stacked structure, a plurality of such light emitting cells are stacked together, and light generated from a previous light emitting cell can reach a next cell through an intermediate charge generating layer (CGL, charge Generation Layer). The light-emitting diode is formed by stacking a plurality of organic light-emitting layers, can realize the light emission of various colors and spectrums through the light-emitting combination of different light-emitting layers, and has higher light-emitting efficiency, color purity, brightness and service life.
In stacked devices, the primary role of the CGL is to generate holes and electrons under the influence of an electric field, provide the light-emitting layer with the required charge, and efficiently transfer the generated charge into the adjacent light-emitting layer, ensuring a uniform distribution of charge in the device.
Therefore, the performance of the CGL layer has a crucial impact on the performance of the overall stacked device. Also, the CGL material is required to have good charge transport properties, optical transmittance and stability to ensure efficient transport and collection of charges between light emitting cells while reducing energy loss.
In summary, developing a high-performance CGL material to reduce the energy level barrier between the CGL material and the light-emitting unit, and improve the energy level matching between the CGL layer and the light-emitting unit, thereby reducing the driving voltage of the device, and improving the light-emitting efficiency of the device and the service life of the device has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a novel class of azacyclic organic compounds for which organic light-emitting devices containing such azacyclic organic compounds are expected to have advantages of low driving voltage, high light-emitting efficiency and long service life.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides an azacyclic organic compound having a structure represented by formula (I):
wherein, in the formula (I),
Any 1-4 of R 11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17 is deuterium, and the remaining groups are hydrogen.
A second aspect of the invention provides the use of an azacyclic organic compound as described in the first aspect in an organic electroluminescent device and/or a perovskite solar cell.
A third aspect of the present invention provides an organic electroluminescent device comprising a first electrode, a second electrode disposed opposite to the first electrode, and at least two light-emitting units disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the charge generation layer between any adjacent two of the light-emitting units comprises at least one of the azacyclic organic compounds according to the first aspect.
The deuterated nitrogen heterocyclic organic compound provided by the invention has proper HOMO energy level and LUMO energy level, can be well matched with the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of adjacent functional layers, so that the driving voltage of a device is reduced, has higher electron mobility, namely strong electron transmission capability, can improve the luminous efficiency of the device when being applied to an organic electroluminescent device, has higher glass transition temperature, can ensure that the film has good thermal stability, and has heavy atom effect, thus prolonging the service life of the device.
In addition, the compound provided by the invention has proper amount of deuterated substituent groups at specific positions, can strengthen the transition capability of electrons, and can not accelerate the diffusion of n-type dopants such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal and the like to a p-CGL layer under the action of an external electric field due to the extremely strong transition capability, thereby influencing the overall performance of a device.
In summary, when the azacyclic organic compound provided by the invention is used for an organic light-emitting device, the organic light-emitting device containing the azacyclic organic compound has the advantages of low driving voltage, high light-emitting efficiency and long service life.
Detailed Description
The endpoints and any values of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and are understood to encompass values approaching those ranges or values. For numerical ranges, one or more new numerical ranges may be found between the endpoints of each range, between the endpoint of each range and the individual point value, and between the individual point value, in combination with each other, and are to be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
As described above, the first aspect of the present invention provides an azacyclic organic compound having a structure represented by formula (I):
wherein, in the formula (I),
Any 1-4 of R 11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17 is deuterium, and the remaining groups are hydrogen.
According to a first preferred embodiment, in formula (I), R 11 and/or R 17 are deuterium, the remaining groups being hydrogen.
In the foregoing first preferred embodiment, more preferably, the structure represented by formula (I) is selected from any one of the following:
According to a second preferred embodiment, in formula (I), R 14 and/or R 15 are deuterium and the remaining groups are hydrogen.
In the foregoing second preferred embodiment, more preferably, the structure represented by formula (I) is the following structure:
According to a third preferred embodiment, in formula (I), R 11 and/or R 17 are deuterium, R 14 and R 15 are deuterium, and the remaining groups are hydrogen.
In the foregoing third preferred embodiment, more preferably, the structure represented by formula (I) is selected from any one of the following:
According to a fourth preferred embodiment, the structure of formula (I) is selected from any one of the following:
the present invention is not particularly limited to a specific method for preparing the aforementioned organic compound, and a person skilled in the art may obtain the aforementioned compound of the present invention according to the specific structural formula provided in the present invention in combination with known knowledge in the art of organic synthesis, and the following description of the present invention exemplifies several examples to illustrate the preparation method of the organic compound of the present invention, and a person skilled in the art may also obtain the specific preparation method of all the remaining organic compounds by substituting the kind of raw materials according to the preparation method of the organic compound of the present invention. The present invention will not be described in detail with respect to the preparation method of all organic compounds, and those skilled in the art should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
As previously mentioned, a second aspect of the present invention provides the use of an azacyclic organic compound as described in the first aspect in an organic electroluminescent device and/or a perovskite solar cell.
Preferably, the nitrogen heterocyclic organic compound is contained in the charge generation layer and/or the electron transport layer of the organic electroluminescent device.
The organic electroluminescent device of the invention can be a single-layer organic electroluminescent device or a laminated organic electroluminescent device.
According to a preferred embodiment, the organic electroluminescent device is a single-layer organic electroluminescent device (i.e. a light-emitting unit between two electrodes), wherein the electron-transporting layer contains the azacyclic organic compound.
According to another preferred embodiment, the organic electroluminescent device is a stacked organic electroluminescent device (i.e. there are at least two light emitting units between two electrodes), wherein the charge generating layer contains the azacyclic organic compound.
As described above, the third aspect of the present invention provides an organic electroluminescent device comprising a first electrode, a second electrode disposed opposite to the first electrode, and at least two light-emitting units disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein at least one of the azacyclic organic compounds of the first aspect of the present invention is contained in a charge generation layer between any adjacent two of the light-emitting units.
Preferably, each of the light emitting units includes a light emitting layer, a hole transporting layer, and an electron transporting layer.
More preferably, each of the light emitting units further includes a hole injection layer, an electron blocking layer, a hole blocking layer, and an electron injection layer.
Preferably, the charge generation layer contains an n-type doped body and a p-type doped body, and the n-type doped body contains at least one of the nitrogen heterocyclic organic compounds.
According to a preferred embodiment, the p-doped body comprises at least one of the following compounds:
Preferably, the azacyclic organic compound is present in the CGL layer between the light emitting units of the stacked organic electroluminescent device.
More preferably, the laminated organic electroluminescent device comprises a CGL layer, and the CGL layer comprises an n-type doped layer and a p-type doped layer. The energy level difference between the LUMO energy level of the material of the n-type doped layer and the HOMO energy level of the material of the p-type doped layer is small, and carriers can be generated under a lower driving voltage.
Preferably, the n-type doped layer is composed of an n-type doped body and an n-type dopant, the p-type doped layer is composed of a p-type doped body and a p-type dopant, and the organic compound is the n-type doped body between the light emitting units in the laminated organic electroluminescent device.
Preferably, the n-type doped host is selected from at least one of the nitrogen heterocyclic organic compounds described in the first aspect of the present invention.
Preferably, the n-type dopant is selected from alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal or main group metal, more preferably low, and is selected from one or a mixture of several of lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, gold, silver, ytterbium and aluminum.
The p-type dopant is an organic semiconductor material with strong electron withdrawing capability.
According to another preferred embodiment, the p-type dopant is selected from at least one of the following HAT-CN, NPD-9, F4TCNQ, F6 TCNNQ:
more preferably, in the CGL layer, the weight ratio of the material of the n-type doped layer to the material of the p-type doped layer is 1:0.1-2, and particularly preferably, the weight ratio of the material of the n-type doped layer to the material of the p-type doped layer is 1:0.5-1.
Preferably, the content ratio of the n-type dopant is 0.2 to 20wt% based on the total amount of the n-type doped body, and particularly preferably, the content ratio of the n-type dopant is 1 to 10wt%.
Preferably, the content ratio of the p-type dopant is 0.2 to 20wt% based on the total amount of the p-type doped body, and particularly preferably, the content ratio of the p-type dopant is 1 to 10wt%.
Preferably, the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention is coated with a layer or layers by means of a sublimation method. In this case, the organic compound provided by the present invention is applied by vapor deposition in a vacuum sublimation system at an initial pressure of less than 10 -3 Pa, preferably less than 10 -6 Pa.
The organic electroluminescent device of the invention is preferably coated with a layer or layers by means of an organic vapour deposition method or sublimation with the aid of a carrier gas. In this case, the material is applied at a pressure of 10 -6 Pa to 100 Pa. A particular example of such a process is an organic vapor deposition spray printing process in which the compounds provided by the present invention are applied directly through a nozzle and form the device structure.
The organic electroluminescent device of the present invention is preferably formed into one or more layers by photoinitiated thermal imaging or thermal transfer.
The organic electroluminescent device according to the invention is preferably formulated as a solution of the organic compound according to the invention, the layer or layers being formed by spin coating or by means of any printing means, such as screen printing, flexography, inkjet printing, lithography, more preferably inkjet printing. However, when a plurality of layers are formed by this method, the layers are easily damaged, that is, when one layer is formed, and another layer is formed by using a solution, the formed layers are damaged by the solvent in the solution, which is disadvantageous for device fabrication. The organic compound provided by the invention can be substituted by structural modification, so that the organic compound provided by the invention can be crosslinked under the condition of heating or ultraviolet exposure, thereby maintaining a complete layer without being damaged. The organic compounds according to the invention can additionally be applied from solution and be crosslinked or immobilized in the corresponding layer by subsequent crosslinking in the polymer network.
Preferably, the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention is manufactured by applying one or more layers from a solution and applying one or more layers by a sublimation method.
Preferably, in the preparation of the organic electroluminescent device according to the present invention, the organic compound according to the present invention or other compounds are thoroughly mixed before forming one or more layers by the above-mentioned application means. More preferably, each compound is applied by vapor deposition in a vacuum sublimation system at an initial pressure of less than 10 -3 Pa, preferably less than 10 -6 Pa, to form one or more layers.
The invention will be described in detail below by way of examples. In the following examples, unless otherwise specified, various raw materials used were all commercially available. Unless otherwise specified, room temperature or room temperature described below represents 25±1 ℃.
The present invention provides a method for preparing a part of compounds in the following specific structural formulae, and the preparation methods of the remaining compounds can be performed with reference to the methods provided below, and those skilled in the art should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Synthesis of intermediate 1-1-1 2-bromo-1, 10-phenanthroline (0.1 mol), 1, 4-phenyldiboronic acid (0.05 mol), toluene, ethanol and water mixed solution (toluene, ethanol and water mixed in a volume ratio of 3:2:1) (260 ml) were added in sequence in a 500ml three-port bottle under nitrogen protection, and stirring was started. Then adding potassium carbonate (0.25 mol) and tetra (triphenylphosphine) palladium (1 mmol) in turn, heating to reflux for 6h, adding deionized water (350 ml) into the reaction solution after HPLC detection of the basic reaction, stirring for 10min, taking an organic phase, washing with water for three times, merging the organic phases, and drying with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The drying agent was filtered, and the organic solvent was dried, and the residue was separated by a silica gel column chromatography to give intermediate 1-1-1 (yield: 68.6%).
Synthesis of Compound 1-1 in a 500ml three-necked flask, intermediate 1-1 (34 mmol), THF (300 ml) was added under nitrogen protection, and stirring was started. In a single-port flask, methanesulfonic anhydride (0.17 mol) and heavy water (0.51 mol) were added to prepare an acid water in a molar ratio of 1:3, the acid water was slowly added to the reaction system, the temperature was raised to 80 ℃ and after 12 hours of reaction, the heating was stopped, the temperature was lowered to room temperature, 350ml of water was added, left to stand for 30 minutes, the organic phase was separated, washed with 5% NaHCO 3 to pH >7, the organic phase was separated, distilled under reduced pressure, slurried with ethanol (80 ml), filtered, and dried to obtain compound 1-1 (yield: 58.8%).
Mass spectrum C30H16D2N4, theoretical value 436.17, measured value ：436.15.1H-NMR（400MHz,CDCl3）（ppm）δ=7.32～7.36（2H,m）,7.54～7.59（2H,m）,7.79～7.88（4H,m）,8.11～8.16（2H,m）,8.37～8.42（2H,m）,8.68～8.70（4H,s）.
Synthesis of Compound 1-2 in a 500ml three-necked flask, intermediate 1-1-1 (30 mmol), THF (260 ml) was added under nitrogen protection, and stirring was started. In a single-port flask, methanesulfonic anhydride (0.113 mol) and heavy water (0.45 mol) were added to prepare an acid water in a molar ratio of 1:4, the acid water was slowly added to the reaction system, the temperature was raised to 80 ℃ and after 12 hours of reaction, the heating was stopped, the temperature was lowered to room temperature, 350ml of water was added, left to stand for 30 minutes, the organic phase was separated, washed with 5% NaHCO 3 to pH >7, the organic phase was separated, distilled under reduced pressure, slurried with ethanol (80 ml), filtered, and dried to obtain the compound 1-2 (yield: 57.3%).
Mass spectrum C30H16D2N4, theoretical value 436.17, measured value ：436.20.1H-NMR（400MHz,CDCl3）（ppm）δ=7.52～7.61（4H,m）,7.86～7.91（2H,m）,8.42～8.50（4H,m）,8.68～8.71（4H,s）,8.78～8.83（2H,m）.
Synthesis of Compound 1-3 in a 500ml three-necked flask, intermediate 1-1-1 (30 mmol), THF (260 ml) was added under nitrogen protection, and stirring was started. In a single-port flask, adding trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (0.15 mol) and heavy water (0.45 mol), preparing acid water in a molar ratio of 1:3, slowly adding the acid water into a reaction system, heating to 80 ℃, reacting for 12 hours, stopping heating, cooling to room temperature, adding 350ml of water, standing for 30 minutes, separating an organic phase, washing with 5% NaHCO 3 to pH >7, separating the organic phase, performing rotary evaporation under reduced pressure, adding ethanol (80 ml) for pulping, filtering and drying to obtain a compound 1-3 (yield: 59.3%).
Mass spectrum C30H14D4N4, theoretical value 438.18, measured value ：438.22.1H-NMR（400MHz,CDCl3）（ppm）δ=7.31～7.43（4H,m）,8.11～8.17（2H,m）,8.36～8.42（2H,m）,8.68～8.71（4H,s）,8.77～8.83（2H,m）.
Synthesis of Compounds 1-4 Compounds 1-1 (20 mmol), THF (175 ml) was added under nitrogen to a 500ml three-necked flask and stirring was started. In a single-port flask, methanesulfonic anhydride (0.075 mol) and heavy water (0.3 mol) were added to prepare an acid water in a molar ratio of 1:4, the acid water was slowly added to the reaction system, the temperature was raised to 80 ℃ and after 10 hours of reaction, the heating was stopped, the temperature was lowered to room temperature, 300ml of water was added, left to stand for 30 minutes, the organic phase was separated, washed with 5% NaHCO 3 to pH >7, the organic phase was separated, distilled under reduced pressure, slurried with ethanol (80 ml), filtered, and dried to obtain the compound 1-4 (yield: 57.5%).
Mass spectrum C30H14D4N4, theoretical value 438.18, measured value ：438.20.1H-NMR（400MHz,CDCl3）（ppm）δ=7.54～7.59（2H,m）,7.79～7.88（4H,m）,8.11～8.16（2H,m）,8.48～8.50（2H,m）,8.68～8.71（4H,s）.
Synthesis of Compounds 1-5 Compounds 1-3 (17 mmol), THF (150 ml) was added under nitrogen to a 500ml three-necked flask and stirring was started. In a single-port flask, trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (0.087 mol) and heavy water (0.26 mol) were added to prepare an acid water in a molar ratio of 1:3, the acid water was slowly added to the reaction system, the temperature was raised to 80℃and after 10 hours of reaction, the heating was stopped, cooled to room temperature, 250ml of water was added, left to stand for 30 minutes, the organic phase was separated, washed with 5% NaHCO 3 to pH >7, the organic phase was separated, distilled under reduced pressure, slurried with ethanol (80 ml), filtered, and dried to give the compound 1-5 (yield: 55.3%).
Mass spectrum C30H12D6N4, theoretical value 440.19, measured value ：440.15.1H-NMR（400MHz,CDCl3）（ppm）δ=7.31～7.37（2H,m）,7.83～7.88（2H,m）,8.11～8.17（2H,m）,8.36～8.42（2H,m）,8.68～8.71（4H,s）.
Synthesis of Compounds 1-6 Compounds 1-5 (20 mmol), THF (180 ml) were added under nitrogen to a 500ml three-necked flask and stirring was started. In a single-port flask, adding trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (0.1 mol) and heavy water (0.3 mol), preparing acid water in a molar ratio of 1:3, slowly adding the acid water into a reaction system, heating to 80 ℃, reacting for 12 hours, stopping heating, cooling to room temperature, adding 300ml of water, standing for 30 minutes, separating an organic phase, washing with 5% NaHCO 3 to pH >7, separating the organic phase, performing rotary evaporation under reduced pressure, adding ethanol (80 ml), pulping, filtering and drying to obtain a compound 1-6 (yield: 53.7%).
Mass spectrum: C30H10D8N4, theoretical value: 442.20, found value: 442.19.1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3) (ppm) delta=7.83 to 7.88 (2H, m), 8.12 to 8.17 (2H, m), 8.48 to 8.50 (2H, m), 8.68 to 8.70 (4H, s).
When the compounds of the present invention are used for the n-type charge generation layer, the structures of the organic electroluminescent devices in device examples 1 to 8, device comparative examples 1 to 3 are:
ITO/HTL NPD-9 (weight ratio) 95:5%,10nm) /HTL(60nm)/ RH:RD(97:3,30nm)/ ETL(30nm)/n-CGL:Yb(99:1,10nm)/p-CGL:NPD-9(95:5,10nm)/HTL(60nm)/RH:RD(97:3,30nm)/ETL:Liq(50:50,30nm)/Liq(2nm)/Al(100nm).
The molecular structure of the material is as follows:
device example 1
The glass plate coated with the ITO transparent conductive layer is subjected to ultrasonic treatment in a commercial cleaning agent, washed in deionized water, subjected to ultrasonic degreasing in an acetone/ethanol mixed solvent (volume ratio of 1:1), baked in a clean environment until the water is completely removed, cleaned with ultraviolet light and ozone, and bombarded with a low-energy cation beam.
Placing the glass substrate with the anode in a vacuum cavity, vacuumizing to 1X 10 -5 Pa, vacuum evaporating a first hole injection layer on the anode layer film, and regulating the evaporation rate of a compound HTL to 0.1nm/s and the evaporation rate of a compound NPD-9 to 5% by using a multi-source co-evaporation method, wherein the total evaporation film thickness is 10nm; evaporating a compound HTL as a first hole transport layer at an evaporation rate of 0.1nm/s and a thickness of 60nm, evaporating a first light-emitting layer on the hole transport layer, wherein the light-emitting layer comprises a red light host material and a red light guest material, adjusting the evaporation rate of the red light host material (RH) to 0.1nm/s by a multi-source co-evaporation method, setting the evaporation rate of the red light guest material (RD) to 3%, evaporating a total film thickness of 30nm, vacuum evaporating an ETL on the light-emitting layer as the first electron transport layer at an evaporation rate of 0.1nm/s and an evaporation total film thickness of 30nm, vacuum evaporating an n-type charge generating layer on the electron transport layer, adjusting the evaporation rate of the compound 1-1 to 0.1nm/s by a multi-source co-evaporation method, setting the evaporation total film thickness of 10nm by a multi-source co-evaporation method, adjusting the evaporation rate of the compound 2-3 to 0.1nm/s by a multi-source NPD-9% ratio, then evaporating an evaporation rate of the compound D-9 to 5% by a multi-source co-evaporation method, evaporating an n-type charge generating layer on the electron transport layer to an evaporation layer to a red light-emitting layer to a thickness of 60nm, and an evaporation layer to a multi-source co-evaporation method, wherein the light-emitting layer is formed by the light-emitting material to be the second layer to be the light-emitting at a thickness of 60nm, the vapor deposition rate of the red light host material (RH) is regulated to be 0.1nm/s, the vapor deposition rate of the red light guest material (RD) is set to be 3 percent, the total vapor deposition film thickness is 30nm, the vapor deposition rate of the ETL serving as the second electron transport layer is set to be 0.1nm/s, the vapor deposition rate of the Liq is set to be 50 percent, the vapor deposition total film thickness is 30nm, the Liq with the thickness of 2nm serving as the electron injection layer and the Al layer with the thickness of 100 nm serving as the cathode of the device are vacuum deposited on the electron transport layer.
Device example 2 to device example 8
An organic light-emitting device of device example 2 to device example 8 was prepared by a similar method to device example 1, except that the compounds 1-1 and 2-3 in device example 1 were replaced with the corresponding compounds in table 1 of the same mass.
Device comparative examples 1 to 2
Organic electroluminescent devices of device comparative examples 1 to 2 were prepared by a similar method to device example 1, except that the compound 1-1 of device example 1 was replaced with Ref1, ref2 of the same mass.
Test case
The driving voltages and current efficiencies of the organic electroluminescent devices prepared in device examples 1 to 8 and device comparative example 2 were measured at a current density of 10mA/cm 2, and the service lives of the organic electroluminescent devices T95 prepared in device examples 1 to 8 and device comparative example 1 to device comparative example 2 were measured at a current density of 50mA/cm 2, and the results are shown in table 1.
From the above results, it can be seen that the organic compound of the present invention has significantly lower driving voltage and higher luminous efficiency when used as an n-type charge generation layer of an organic electroluminescent device, as compared with the comparative example.
In addition, as is apparent from the results of comparative example 2, the structure of comparative example 2 is different from the structure of the present invention in that all of the structures of comparative example 2 are deuterated, and since deuterium atoms can enhance the electron transition ability, the transition ability of the structures of comparative example 2 is too strong to accelerate the diffusion of n-type dopants such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal to the p-CGL layer under the action of external electric field, thereby resulting in an increase in driving voltage of the device in operation, a significant decrease in lifetime of the device, and serious effects on efficiency and stability of the device.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, a number of simple variants of the technical solution of the invention are possible, including combinations of the individual technical features in any other suitable way, which simple variants and combinations should likewise be regarded as being disclosed by the invention, all falling within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (10)
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