CN119322298A - Implementation method of cesium atom magnetometer system based on double closed loop feedback control - Google Patents
Implementation method of cesium atom magnetometer system based on double closed loop feedback control Download PDFInfo
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- CN119322298A CN119322298A CN202411865213.0A CN202411865213A CN119322298A CN 119322298 A CN119322298 A CN 119322298A CN 202411865213 A CN202411865213 A CN 202411865213A CN 119322298 A CN119322298 A CN 119322298A
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/032—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/0023—Electronic aspects, e.g. circuits for stimulation, evaluation, control; Treating the measured signals; calibration
- G01R33/0041—Electronic aspects, e.g. circuits for stimulation, evaluation, control; Treating the measured signals; calibration using feed-back or modulation techniques
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/007—Environmental aspects, e.g. temperature variations, radiation, stray fields
- G01R33/0082—Compensation, e.g. compensating for temperature changes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
- G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC
- G05F1/56—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
- G05F1/565—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor
- G05F1/567—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor for temperature compensation
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- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a cesium atom magnetometer system implementation method based on double closed-loop feedback control, which can be applied to the technical field of atomic magnetic sensors and the technical field of optical pump magnetometers. The method comprises the steps of controlling voltage at two ends of a first resistor voltage-dividing network based on ambient temperature by using a first thermistor, controlling output frequency of a voltage-controlled oscillator based on the voltage at two ends of the first resistor voltage-dividing network by using the first resistor voltage-dividing network, controlling voltage at two ends of a second resistor voltage-dividing network based on ambient temperature by using a second thermistor, controlling output power of a radio-frequency power amplifier based on the voltage at two ends of the second resistor voltage-dividing network by using the second resistor voltage-dividing network, outputting a signal with preset frequency to the radio-frequency power amplifier by using the voltage-controlled oscillator, injecting energy with preset frequency and power to a cesium bulb of a cesium atom lamp by using the radio-frequency power amplifier, and achieving stable output of the radio-frequency power amplifier by compensating temperature of the frequency and the power output by the radio-frequency power amplifier.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of atomic magnetic sensors and the technical field of optical pump magnetometers, in particular to a cesium atom magnetometer system implementation method based on double closed-loop feedback control.
Background
The atomic magnetometer has the advantages of high sensitivity, high precision, difficult influence by the attitude of the platform and the like, is a core sensor applied to magnetic anomaly detection equipment of a moving platform at present, and is most widely applied. The existing cesium atom lamp technology is usually open-loop control, the stability is required to be improved, and the Q value of an absorption chamber in the cesium atom magnetometer is low, so that the further improvement of the sensitivity of the cesium atom magnetometer is restricted. In addition, as the chemical property of the cesium simple substance in the cesium atom absorption chamber is very active, the slow consumption of the cesium simple substance can be caused when the cesium atom absorption chamber works, so that the service life of the cesium atom absorption chamber is influenced, and the performance and the service life of the magnetometer are further influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a method for implementing a cesium atom magnetometer system based on dual closed loop feedback control, where the cesium atom magnetometer system includes a cesium atom lamp and a dual closed loop radio frequency excitation circuit, the dual closed loop radio frequency excitation circuit includes a first closed loop channel, the first closed loop channel includes a first thermistor, a second thermistor, a first resistor voltage divider network, a second resistor voltage divider network, a voltage controlled oscillator, and a radio frequency power amplifier, and the method includes:
Controlling the voltage at two ends of the first resistor voltage dividing network based on the ambient temperature by using the first thermistor, wherein the first thermistor is connected with the first resistor voltage dividing network in parallel;
Controlling an output frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator based on a voltage across the first resistive divider network by using the first resistive divider network, wherein the output frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator increases as the resistive divider decreases;
Controlling the voltage at two ends of the second resistor voltage dividing network based on the ambient temperature by using the second thermistor, wherein the second thermistor is connected with the second resistor voltage dividing network in parallel, and the first thermistor and the second thermistor are both negative temperature coefficient thermistors;
Controlling the output power of the radio frequency power amplifier based on the voltage at two ends of the second resistor voltage dividing network by using the second resistor voltage dividing network, wherein the output power of the radio frequency power amplifier is reduced along with the reduction of resistor voltage dividing;
and outputting a signal with a preset frequency to the radio frequency power amplifier by using the voltage-controlled oscillator, injecting energy with the preset frequency and power output by the radio frequency power amplifier into a cesium bulb of the cesium atom lamp by using the radio frequency power amplifier so as to light the cesium bulb, and realizing stable output of the radio frequency power amplifier by compensating the temperature of the frequency and the power output by the radio frequency power amplifier.
According to the implementation method of the cesium atom magnetometer system based on the double closed loop feedback control, as the voltage-controlled oscillator and the radio frequency power amplifier both have temperature drift characteristics, when the ambient temperature rises, the output frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator is basically reduced, the first thermistor with a negative temperature coefficient is introduced, the output frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator is controlled to be increased along with the reduction of the resistor voltage division, the output power of the radio frequency power amplifier is basically increased, the second thermistor with a negative temperature coefficient is introduced, the output power of the radio frequency power amplifier is controlled to be reduced along with the reduction of the resistor voltage division, the temperature compensation effect is achieved on the frequency and the power output by the radio frequency power amplifier along with the temperature drift, the stable output of the radio frequency power amplifier is realized, and the output stability of the radio frequency power amplifier is improved.
Drawings
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description of embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 shows an application scenario diagram of an implementation method of a cesium atom magnetometer system based on dual closed-loop feedback control according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a first closed-loop channel according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 shows a flow chart of a method of implementing a cesium atom magnetometer system based on dual closed loop feedback control in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a dual closed loop radio frequency excitation circuit according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a probe in a cesium atom magnetometer system, according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a cesium atom absorption chamber in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of a signal processing circuit according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of an absorber temperature control circuit according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram of a cesium atom magnetometer system, according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 10 shows a schematic diagram of the sensitivity test results of cesium atom magnetometers in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the description is only illustrative and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In the following detailed description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention. It may be evident, however, that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as not to unnecessarily obscure the present invention.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The terms "comprises," "comprising," and/or the like, as used herein, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.
All terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein should be construed to have meanings consistent with the context of the present specification and should not be construed in an idealized or overly formal manner.
Where a convention analogous to "at least one of A, B and C, etc." is used, in general such a convention should be interpreted in accordance with the meaning of one of skill in the art having generally understood the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B and C" would include, but not be limited to, systems having a alone, B alone, C alone, a and B together, a and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, C together, etc.).
In the technical scheme of the invention, the related user information (including but not limited to user personal information, user image information, user equipment information, such as position information and the like) and data (including but not limited to data for analysis, stored data, displayed data and the like) are information and data authorized by a user or fully authorized by all parties, and the related data are collected, stored, used, processed, transmitted, provided, disclosed, applied and the like, all comply with related laws and regulations and standards, necessary security measures are adopted, no prejudice to the public order is provided, and corresponding operation entries are provided for the user to select authorization or rejection.
In the scene of using personal information to make automatic decision, the method, the device and the system provided by the embodiment of the invention provide corresponding operation inlets for users to choose to agree or reject the automatic decision result, and enter an expert decision flow if the users choose to reject. The expression "automated decision" here refers to an activity of automatically analyzing, assessing the behavioral habits, hobbies or economic, health, credit status of an individual, etc. by means of a computer program, and making a decision. The expression "expert decision" here refers to an activity of making a decision by a person who is specializing in a certain field of work, has specialized experience, knowledge and skills and reaches a certain level of expertise.
In the process of realizing the invention, the atomic magnetometer is generally mainly composed of a pumping light source, an atomic absorption chamber and a photoelectric detector, wherein the pumping light source and the atomic absorption chamber are two main core components of the atomic magnetometer, and the sensitivity and the service life of the magnetometer are fundamentally determined.
The pumping light source usually adopts a cesium atom lamp or a semiconductor frequency stabilization laser source, but the latter cannot meet the field engineering application of a wide temperature range, so that the adoption of the cesium atom lamp as the pumping light source is more common, but the existing cesium atom lamp technology is usually open-loop control unlike the closed-loop control of a laser, and the stability is required to be improved.
The existing cesium atom magnetometer applied to geomagnetic environment generally adopts inert gas (such as helium, neon, argon and the like) or nitrogen or certain single gas as a control medium of the spin exchange rate of cesium atoms, is influenced by gas collision broadening or photon radiation traps, has a low Q value, and restricts the further improvement of the sensitivity of the cesium atom magnetometer.
The chemical property of the alkali metal simple substance in the atomic absorption chamber is very active, and when the atomic absorption chamber works, under the action of temperature and an electric field, the cesium simple substance existing in saturated steam can be continuously diffused into the glass wall of the air chamber, so that the slow consumption of the cesium simple substance is caused, the service life of the cesium air chamber is influenced, and the performance and the service life of the whole sensor are further influenced.
Based on the above, the stability problem caused by the open loop control of the cesium atom magnetometer pump lamp, the problem of too low Q value of the absorption chamber based on buffer gas, the problem of short service life of the atomic absorption chamber and the like exist in the prior art, so that the sensitivity of the cesium atom magnetometer is restricted to be further improved.
The cesium atom absorption chamber is a magnetic sensitive unit of the atomic magnetometer, has the characteristics of low spin exchange rate, long service life and the like, and the lower the spin exchange rate of the absorption chamber is, the higher the Q value is, the narrower the magnetic resonance linewidth of the absorption chamber is, so that the sensitivity of the magnetometer is improved. Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a cesium atom magnetometer system implementation method based on double closed-loop feedback control.
Fig. 1 shows an application scenario diagram of an implementation method of a cesium atom magnetometer system based on double closed-loop feedback control according to an embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an application scenario 100 according to this embodiment may include a probe 110 and an electronics unit 120. The probe 110 may include a cesium atom lamp 111, a cesium atom absorption chamber 112, and a magneto-optical photodetector 113, and the electronics unit 120 may include a signal processing circuit 121, a dual closed-loop radio frequency excitation circuit 122, a temperature control module 123, and a power management module 124.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a first closed-loop channel according to an embodiment of the invention.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a first closed loop channel 200, as shown in FIG. 2, may be included in the dual closed loop radio frequency excitation circuit 122.
As shown in fig. 2, the first closed loop channel 200 includes a first thermistor 211, a second thermistor 221, a first resistor voltage dividing network 212, a second resistor voltage dividing network 222, a voltage controlled oscillator 213, and a radio frequency power amplifier 223.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first thermistor 211 is connected in parallel to the first resistor voltage dividing network 212, and the first thermistor 211 is configured to control the voltage across the first resistor voltage dividing network 212 based on the ambient temperature, so as to control the output frequency of the voltage controlled oscillator 213 based on the voltage across the first resistor voltage dividing network 212, wherein the output frequency of the voltage controlled oscillator 213 increases with decreasing resistor voltage dividing.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the second thermistor 221 is connected in parallel with the second resistor voltage dividing network 222, and the second thermistor 221 is configured to control the voltage across the second resistor voltage dividing network 222 based on the ambient temperature, so as to control the output power of the radio frequency power amplifier 223 based on the voltage across the second resistor voltage dividing network 222, wherein the output power of the radio frequency power amplifier 223 decreases with the decrease of the resistor voltage dividing.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the voltage-controlled oscillator 213 is configured to output a signal with a preset frequency to the rf power amplifier 223, and inject energy with the preset frequency and power output by the rf power amplifier 223 into the cesium bulb of the cesium atom lamp 111 by using the rf power amplifier 223, so as to light the cesium bulb, and realize stable output of the rf power amplifier by compensating the temperature of the frequency and power output by the rf power amplifier.
The implementation method of the cesium atom magnetometer system based on the double closed-loop feedback control according to the embodiment of the invention will be described in detail below based on the scenario described in fig. 1 by using fig. 2 to 10.
FIG. 3 shows a flow chart of a method of implementing a cesium atom magnetometer system based on dual closed loop feedback control in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cesium atom magnetometer system may include a cesium atom lamp 111 and a dual closed-loop radio frequency excitation circuit 122, the dual closed-loop radio frequency excitation circuit 122 includes a first closed-loop channel 200, and the first closed-loop channel may include a first thermistor, a second thermistor, a first resistor voltage-dividing network, a second resistor voltage-dividing network, a voltage-controlled oscillator, and a radio frequency power amplifier, and the structure of the first closed-loop channel is shown in fig. 2.
As shown in FIG. 3, the method 300 includes operations S310-S350.
In operation S310, a voltage across the first resistor divider network is controlled based on an ambient temperature using the first thermistor.
The first thermistor is connected with the first resistor voltage dividing network in parallel.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the first thermistor is connected in parallel with the first resistor voltage dividing network, and the first thermistor can control the voltage at two ends of the first resistor voltage dividing network based on the ambient temperature.
For example, when the current ambient temperature changes and the resistance of the first thermistor decreases, the voltage across the first resistor divider network also decreases, that is, the resistor divider of the first thermistor decreases.
In operation S320, an output frequency of the voltage controlled oscillator is controlled based on a voltage across the first resistive divider network using the first resistive divider network.
Wherein the output frequency of the voltage controlled oscillator increases with decreasing resistance voltage division.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first resistor divider network is further configured to control an output frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator, and the voltage across the first resistor divider network is reduced and the output frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator is increased.
In operation S330, the voltage across the second resistor divider network is controlled based on the ambient temperature using the second thermistor.
The second thermistor is connected with the second resistor voltage dividing network in parallel, and the first thermistor and the second thermistor are both negative temperature coefficient thermistors.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first thermistor and the second thermistor are both negative temperature coefficient thermistors, i.e., the resistance values of the first thermistor and the second thermistor decrease when the ambient temperature increases.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the second thermistor is connected in parallel with the second resistor voltage dividing network, and the second thermistor can control the voltage at two ends of the second resistor voltage dividing network based on the ambient temperature.
For example, as the current ambient temperature increases, the resistance of the second thermistor decreases, and the voltage across the second resistor divider network also decreases, i.e., the resistor divider of the second thermistor decreases.
In operation S340, the output power of the radio frequency power amplifier is controlled based on the voltages at the two ends of the second resistor voltage divider network by using the second resistor voltage divider network.
The output power of the radio frequency power amplifier is reduced along with the reduction of the resistor voltage division.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the second resistor voltage-dividing network is also used for controlling the output power of the radio frequency power amplifier, the voltage at two ends of the second resistor voltage-dividing network is reduced, and the output power of the radio frequency power amplifier is reduced.
In operation S350, a signal of a preset frequency is output to the radio frequency power amplifier by using the voltage controlled oscillator, and energy of the preset frequency and power output by the radio frequency power amplifier is injected into the cesium bulb of the cesium atomic lamp by using the radio frequency power amplifier to light the cesium bulb, and stable output of the radio frequency power amplifier is realized by temperature compensation of the frequency and power output by the radio frequency power amplifier.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the voltage-controlled oscillator outputs a signal with a preset frequency to the radio frequency power amplifier so as to inject energy with the preset frequency and power output by the radio frequency power amplifier into the cesium bulb of the cesium atom lamp to light the cesium bulb. The whole first closed-loop channel is equivalent to an excitation source of the cesium atom lamp, and the preset frequency and power represent specific frequency and power capable of lighting the cesium bulb.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the voltage-controlled oscillator has temperature drift characteristics, the output frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator is affected by the change of the ambient temperature, and the output frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator is reduced when the ambient temperature rises, so that the first thermistor is introduced, and the voltage at two ends of the voltage-dividing network of the first resistor is controlled to be reduced when the ambient temperature rises so as to control the output frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator to increase, namely temperature feedback, thereby realizing the temperature compensation function on the drift of the output frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator along with the temperature. The principle is the same when the ambient temperature decreases.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the radio frequency power amplifier also has the temperature drift characteristic, the output power of the radio frequency power amplifier is influenced by the change of the ambient temperature, and the output power of the radio frequency power amplifier is increased when the ambient temperature is increased, so that the second thermistor is introduced, and the voltage at two ends of the voltage dividing network of the second resistor is controlled to be reduced when the ambient temperature is increased, so that the output power of the radio frequency power amplifier is controlled to be reduced, namely, the temperature is negatively fed back, and the temperature compensation effect on the drift of the output power of the radio frequency power amplifier along with the temperature is realized. The principle is the same when the ambient temperature decreases.
According to the embodiment of the invention, as the voltage-controlled oscillator and the radio frequency power amplifier both have temperature drift characteristics, when the ambient temperature rises, the output frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator should be reduced, the first thermistor with a negative temperature coefficient is introduced, the output frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator is controlled to be increased along with the reduction of the resistor voltage division, the output power of the radio frequency power amplifier should be increased, the second thermistor with a negative temperature coefficient is introduced, the output power of the radio frequency power amplifier is controlled to be reduced along with the reduction of the resistor voltage division, the temperature compensation effect is realized on the frequency and the power output by the radio frequency power amplifier along with the temperature drift, the stable output of the radio frequency power amplifier is realized, and the output stability of the radio frequency power amplifier is improved.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the double-closed-loop radio frequency excitation circuit further comprises a second closed-loop channel, wherein the second closed-loop channel comprises a cesium atom lamp, a radio frequency power amplifier and a photoelectric detector, and the implementation method of the cesium atom magnetometer system based on double-closed-loop feedback control further comprises the steps of monitoring the power of light emitted by the cesium atom lamp in real time by using the photoelectric detector and feeding back the power to the radio frequency power amplifier so as to regulate the output power of the radio frequency power amplifier based on the power of the light emitted by the cesium atom lamp and preset light power, so that the cesium atom lamp stably outputs the light power.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a dual closed loop radio frequency excitation circuit according to an embodiment of the invention.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the dual closed loop radio frequency excitation circuit 122 may be as shown in fig. 4.
As shown in fig. 4, the second closed loop channel 400 may include a radio frequency power amplifier 223, a cesium atom lamp 111, and a photodetector 410.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in the case of lighting the cesium bulb in the cesium atom lamp 111 through the first closed-loop channel 200, the photo detector 410 can monitor the power of the light emitted by the cesium atom lamp in real time and feed back the power to the radio frequency power amplifier 223, that is, the power feedback, so as to adjust the output power of the radio frequency power amplifier 223 based on the power of the light emitted by the cesium atom lamp and the preset light power, thereby ensuring that the cesium atom lamp stably outputs the light power.
The preset optical power can represent a power value required to be kept by the power of light emitted by the cesium atom lamp, and can be set according to requirements.
For example, when the preset optical power is 5mW, the photo detector monitors that the power of the light emitted by the cesium atom lamp is 4mW at this time, and feeds back the power to the radio frequency power amplifier, so as to adjust the output power of the radio frequency power amplifier based on the difference between the preset optical power 5mW and the power of the light emitted by the cesium atom lamp at this time, so that the cesium atom lamp stably outputs the optical power of 5 mW.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cesium atom lamp 111 is excited in an electrodeless discharge manner, and the cesium atom lamp 111 includes an excitation structure and a cesium bulb. The first closed-loop channel used as an excitation source can be used for injecting energy with specific frequency and power into the cesium bulb to light the cesium bulb. The excitation structure is used for exciting the cesium bulb to realize energy injection, the standing wave ratio of the excitation structure is smaller than 1.5 so as to ensure that most of injected energy is converted into light, the impedance of the excitation structure is generally 50 ohms and is matched with the impedance of the first closed-loop channel, for example, the impedance of the excitation structure is equal to the impedance of the first closed-loop channel so as to ensure that energy output by the first closed-loop channel can be injected into the cesium bulb, and the resonance frequency of the excitation structure is consistent with the output frequency of the first closed-loop channel so as to ensure that energy output by the first closed-loop channel can be injected into the cesium bulb.
Wherein, the cesium bulb can be used as a cesium atom lamp load, the cesium bulb is formed by blowing alkali-resistant glass, and the inner cavity is filled with a small amount of high-purity alkali metal cesium simple substance) And an inert gas xenon at a specific pressure. For example, the cesium bulb may have a diameter of 8mm, and the interior chamber is filled with 5Torr (pressure units, torr) of xenon and an appropriate amount of elemental alkali metal cesium.
According to the embodiment of the invention, under the condition that the ambient temperature is low, the output power of the radio frequency power amplifier can be increased due to the second thermistor with the negative temperature coefficient, so that the cesium bulb can be lightened quickly and can enter a stable state.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the power of light emitted by the cesium atom lamp is monitored in real time based on the second closed loop channel, and power feedback is performed so that the cesium atom lamp stably outputs optical power, therefore, based on the double closed loop radio frequency excitation circuit, the first closed loop channel utilizes temperature feedback to realize stable output of an excitation source, the second closed loop channel utilizes power feedback to realize stable output of cesium bulb optical power, the problem of stability of the cesium atom lamp controlled by a conventional open loop is solved, and the photon shot noise limit of a traditional open loop technical system is broken through.
The cesium atom magnetometer system further comprises an optical component, wherein the optical component comprises a collimating lens, an optical filter and a combined circular polarizer, the implementation method of the cesium atom magnetometer system based on double closed loop feedback control further comprises the steps of collimating light emitted by a cesium bulb by using the collimating lens, outputting collimated light, filtering the collimated light by using the optical filter, outputting light with a target wavelength, and polarizing the light with the target wavelength by using the combined circular polarizer, and outputting circular polarized pump light.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of a probe in a cesium atom magnetometer system according to an embodiment of the invention.
The probe 110 may be more particularly shown in fig. 5, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 5, the probe 110 further includes optical components, i.e., a collimator lens 511, an optical filter 512, and a combined circular polarizer 513, between the cesium atom absorption chamber 112 and the cesium atom lamp 111.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the radio frequency power amplifier 223 may inject the output energy of a specific frequency and power into the cesium bulb in the cesium atom lamp 111 to illuminate the cesium bulb. Light emitted from the cesium bulb passes through the collimator lens 511, the filter 512, and the combined circular polarizer 513 in this order.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the collimating lens 511 can collimate the light emitted by the cesium bulb to obtain collimated light, and the optical filter 512 can filter the collimated light to obtain light with a target wavelength, namely, the optical filter 512 is used for selecting the light with the target wavelength and filtering stray light so as to improve the efficiency of the optical pump. The target wavelength may be a wavelength of pump light required by the magnetometer, for example, the target wavelength may be 894.5nm.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the combined circular polarizer 513 is located at the rear end of the optical filter 512 and is used for converting the light with the target wavelength into circularly polarized light, i.e. outputting circularly polarized pump light, wherein the combined circular polarizer 513 adopts a half left-handed and half right-handed combined design so as to reduce the directivity error of the atomic magnetometer probe as much as possible.
The focal length of the collimating lens 511 may be 25mm, the bandwidth of the surface antireflection film may be 680-480 nm, the diameter of the optical filter 512 may be 25mm, the transmission wavelength may be 894.5nm, the bandwidth may be 10nm, the passband transmittance is greater than 90%, the reflection wavelength is 200-1000 nm, and the transmittance of the cut-off band is 0.1%.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the light emitted by the cesium bulb not only comprises the light with the required target wavelength, but also comprises other stray light, such as the light emitted by filling gas in the cesium bulb. The transmission wavelength of the filter 512 is determined according to the target wavelength of the required pump light to transmit the light of the target wavelength and filter out the light of other wavelengths.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the light emitted by the cesium bulb sequentially passes through the collimating lens, the optical filter and the combined circular polarizer, other stray light can be filtered, only the light with the target wavelength is reserved, and half left-handed and half right-handed circularly polarized light is output after passing through the combined circular polarizer, so that the directivity error of the magnetometer probe is reduced as much as possible.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the cesium atom magnetometer system further comprises a cesium atom absorption chamber, the implementation method of the cesium atom magnetometer system based on double closed loop feedback control further comprises the step that pumping light enters the cesium atom absorption chamber, wherein the cesium atom absorption chamber is filled with cesium simple substances, buffer gas is filled in the cesium atom absorption chamber to reduce spin damage collision of cesium atoms and the inner wall of the cesium atom absorption chamber, quenching gas is filled in the cesium atom absorption chamber to avoid the phenomenon that photons of spontaneous radiation are re-absorbed and re-radiated with the cesium atoms before exiting the cesium atom absorption chamber, and an aluminum oxide film is plated on the inner wall of the cesium atom absorption chamber to reduce the diffusion rate of the cesium atoms to the inner wall of the cesium atom absorption chamber.
As shown in fig. 5, the probe 110 also includes a cesium atom absorption chamber 112 therein.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, after the light emitted from the cesium bulb in the cesium atom lamp 111 passes through the collimator lens 511, the optical filter 512 and the combined circular polarizing plate 513, the circularly polarized pump light is obtained, and the circularly polarized pump light is injected into the cesium atom absorption chamber 112, and the circularly polarized pump light polarizes the cesium atoms in the cesium atom absorption chamber 112 by an optical pumping action in the cesium atom absorption chamber 112.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the buffer gas comprises methane and the quench gas comprises nitrogen.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the cesium atom absorption chamber is formed by alkali-resistant glass blowing, and a small amount of high-purity alkali metal cesium simple substance, a proper amount of buffer gas and a proper amount of quenching gas are filled in the cesium atom absorption chamber.
According to the embodiment of the invention, methane @) The buffer gas is mainly used for reducing the spin-destroying collision probability of alkali metal cesium atoms and the air chamber, and nitrogen is #) The quenching gas is mainly used for avoiding the phenomenon that photons of spontaneous radiation are re-absorbed and re-radiated repeatedly with surrounding cesium atoms (namely radiation traps) before exiting the absorption chamber, and under the control of double gas parameters, the maximum polarizability of the cesium atoms can be achieved, so that the Q value of the absorption chamber can be maximized.
The buffer gas may also include ethane, and the photon is a photon of polarized pump light entering the cesium atom absorption chamber.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the inner wall of the cesium atom absorption chamber is plated with an alumina film with specific thickness) The diffusion rate of the alkali metal simple substance to the wall of the glass air chamber can be greatly reduced by introducing the alumina layer, and the problem that the performance of the magnetometer is reduced or even the magnetometer is invalid due to consumption of the alkali metal simple substance in the cesium atom absorption chamber is solved.
Wherein the cesium atom absorption chamber may be of the size ofHelium gas of 50Torr and nitrogen gas of 30Torr are filled in the reactor.
Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a cesium atom absorption chamber in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 6, the cesium atom absorption chamber is filled with alkali metal cesium atoms, buffer gas methane and quenching gas nitrogen gas) The inner wall of the cesium atom absorption chamber is plated with an aluminum oxide film. Wherein the gas molecules include a buffer gas and a quenching gas.
According to the embodiment of the invention, aiming at the problems of over-low Q value and low service life of a cesium atom absorption chamber, the invention provides a multi-parameter control technology of the spin exchange rate of the cesium atom absorption chamber, namely, the multi-parameter control technology of plating an alumina film on the inner wall and the like through double-gas modulation of buffer gas and quenching gas, which can not only improve the Q value of the cesium atom absorption chamber, break through the limit of the magnetic resonance line width of the cesium atom under the control of single gas, but also solve the problem of short service life of an atomic magnetometer under the high-temperature working condition.
The implementation method of the cesium atom magnetometer system based on the double closed loop feedback control further comprises the steps of focusing light output by the cesium atom absorption chamber by using the focusing lens, outputting focused light to be injected into a photosensitive surface of the magneto-optical photodetector, and converting the focused light into an electric signal by using the magneto-optical photodetector.
As shown in fig. 5, the optical assembly may further include a focusing lens 514 and a magneto-optical photodetector 113, where the focusing lens 514 is located between the cesium atom absorption chamber 112 and the magneto-optical photodetector 113, and the magneto-optical photodetector 113 is a photodiode.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the focusing lens 514 may focus the light output from the cesium atom absorption chamber to obtain focused light, so as to be incident on the photosensitive surface of the magneto-optical photodetector 113, and the photodetector may convert the incident focused light into an electrical signal.
The focal length of the focusing lens 514 may be 25mm, and the bandwidth of the surface antireflection film may be 680-980nm.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a magneto-optical photodetector is positioned at the rearmost end of the atomic magnetometer probe for receiving the focused light and transmitting the converted electrical signal to the signal processing board of the cesium atomic magnetometer system electronics unit 120, so that the electronics unit processes the electrical signal to achieve high-speed tracking and measurement of the larmor frequency of the magnetic field.
Wherein the outer diameter of the magneto-optical detector can be 22mm, the diameter of the photosensitive surface can be 8mm, and the responsivity at 894.5nm can be。
According to the embodiment of the invention, the non-magnetic photoelectric detector adopts the design of the total non-magnetic process, so that the problem of residual magnetic noise caused by nickel plating in the gold precipitation process of the conventional photoelectric detector is solved.
The cesium atom magnetometer system further comprises a signal processing circuit, wherein the signal processing circuit comprises a preamplifier, an automatic gain control sub-circuit, a phase shifting sub-circuit and a waveform shaping sub-circuit, the cesium atom magnetometer system based on double closed loop feedback control is implemented by means of the preamplifier, the amplified electric signal is amplified and output, the amplified electric signal is subjected to amplitude stabilization processing by means of the automatic gain control sub-circuit, a sinusoidal signal is output, the frequency of the sinusoidal signal is Larmor frequency, the sinusoidal signal is subjected to phase shifting by means of the phase shifting sub-circuit, the phase shifted signal is output, and the phase shifted signal is fed back to a magnetic field feedback coil of a cesium atom absorption chamber, so that self-excitation oscillation is achieved by adjusting the frequency of the magnetic field feedback coil to be consistent with the Larmor frequency.
Fig. 7 shows a schematic diagram of a signal processing circuit according to an embodiment of the invention.
The signal processing circuit 121 may be specifically as shown in fig. 7 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 7. The signal processing circuit 121 may include a pre-amplifier 710, an automatic gain control sub-circuit 720, a phase shifting sub-circuit 730, and a waveform shaping sub-circuit 740.
According to the embodiment of the invention, when the external magnetic field B exists in the cesium atom magnetic force instrument system at the position of the cesium atom absorption chamber, the macroscopic polarization vector of the cesium atom in the cesium atom absorption chamber precesses along the direction of the external magnetic field, the precession frequency is called Larmor frequency, and the precession frequencyWherein, the method comprises the steps of, wherein,Is the gyromagnetic ratio of cesium atoms, about. At this time, if the feedback magnetic field B (t) is added in the direction perpendicular to the direction B, changing the frequency of the feedback magnetic field changes the magnitude and precession of the polarization vector, and when the frequency of the feedback magnetic field is equal to the larmor frequency, the polarization vector is maximized, that is, the phenomenon of "magnetic resonance" occurs. Wherein, the feedback magnetic field B (t) is added in the direction perpendicular to the B direction by the magnetic field feedback coil of the cesium atom absorption chamber, and the feedback magnetic field frequency is the frequency of the magnetic field feedback coil.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the electrical signal converted by the magneto-optical photodetector 113 is input to the pre-amplifier 710 to amplify the electrical signal, thereby obtaining an amplified electrical signal. The automatic gain control subcircuit 720 may perform a fixed amplitude processing on the amplified electrical signal to output a sinusoidal signal. The phase shift sub-circuit 730 may perform phase shift processing on the sinusoidal signal to output a phase-shifted signal, and feed back the phase-shifted signal to the magnetic field feedback coil of the cesium atom absorption chamber, so as to achieve self-oscillation by adjusting the frequency of the magnetic field feedback coil to be consistent with the larmor frequency.
The frequency of the sinusoidal signal and the frequency of the phase-shifted signal are larmor frequencies.
According to the embodiment of the invention, based on the preamplifier, the automatic gain control sub-circuit and the phase shifting sub-circuit in the signal processing circuit, the frequency of the magnetic field feedback coil is regulated through positive feedback until the frequency of the magnetic field feedback coil is consistent with Larmor frequency, self-oscillation is realized, and the high-speed tracking and measurement of an external magnetic field of the cesium atom absorption chamber in the cesium atom magnetometer system are facilitated.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the implementation method of the cesium atom magnetometer system based on the double closed-loop feedback control further comprises the step of utilizing the waveform shaping sub-circuit to shape the sine signal output by the automatic gain control sub-circuit into a square wave signal under the condition of realizing self-oscillation so as to determine the external magnetic field value of the cesium atom absorption chamber in the cesium atom magnetometer system.
According to the embodiment of the invention, under the condition of realizing self-oscillation, namely under the condition of magnetic resonance, the waveform shaping sub-circuit can shape the sine signal output by the automatic gain control sub-circuit into a square wave signal, so that the external magnetic field value of the cesium atom absorption chamber in the cesium atom magnetometer system can be determined based on the square wave signal.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the Larmor frequency can be continuously tracked by keeping the feedback magnetic field in the magnetic resonance state all the time, so that the purpose of measuring the external magnetic field is realized.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the cesium atom absorption chamber comprises a nonmagnetic heating wire, the cesium atom lamp comprises a nonmagnetic heating wire, the cesium atom magnetometer system further comprises an absorption chamber temperature control circuit and an atomic lamp temperature control circuit, and the implementation method of the cesium atom magnetometer system based on double closed loop feedback control further comprises the steps of heating the cesium atom absorption chamber through the nonmagnetic heating wire in the cesium atom absorption chamber by using the absorption chamber temperature control circuit and controlling the temperature of the cesium atom absorption chamber to be at a first preset temperature, and heating the cesium atom lamp through the nonmagnetic heating wire in the cesium atom lamp by using the atomic lamp temperature control circuit and controlling the temperature of the cesium atom lamp to be at a second preset temperature.
The temperature control module 123 may include an absorption room temperature control circuit and an atomic lamp temperature control circuit, among others.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, both the cesium atom absorption chamber and the cesium atom lamp include nonmagnetic heating wires. The cesium atom magnetometer system further comprises an absorption room temperature control circuit and an atom lamp temperature control circuit, wherein the absorption room temperature control circuit can heat the cesium atom absorption chamber through a nonmagnetic heating wire in the cesium atom absorption chamber and control the temperature of the cesium atom absorption chamber to be at a first preset temperature, and the atom lamp temperature control circuit can heat the cesium atom lamp through the nonmagnetic heating wire in the cesium atom lamp and control the temperature of the cesium atom lamp to be at a second preset temperature.
The first preset temperature is the temperature to be kept by the cesium atom absorption chamber, and the second preset temperature is the temperature to be kept by the cesium atom lamp.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the absorption room temperature control circuit and the atomic lamp temperature control circuit can control the cesium atomic absorption room and the cesium atomic lamp to keep constant temperature, so that the influence of temperature change is avoided.
The implementation method of the cesium atom magnetometer system based on the double closed loop feedback control further comprises the steps of utilizing the signal generator to generate an alternating current heating signal, driving a nonmagnetic heating wire in a cesium atom absorption chamber through the audio power amplifier to heat the nonmagnetic heating wire, utilizing the temperature detection sub-circuit to measure and obtain the real-time temperature of the nonmagnetic heating wire based on the bridge principle, and utilizing the constant temperature control sub-circuit to control the amplitude of the alternating current heating signal output by the signal generator based on the real-time temperature and a first preset temperature so as to control the temperature of the cesium atom absorption chamber to the first preset temperature.
Fig. 8 shows a schematic diagram of an absorber temperature control circuit according to an embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 8, the absorption room temperature control circuit includes a signal generator 810, an audio power amplifier 820, a temperature detection sub-circuit 830, and a constant temperature control sub-circuit 840. The structure of the atomic lamp temperature control circuit is also shown in fig. 8.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the signal generator 810 may generate an ac heating signal and drive the nonmagnetic heating wire in the cesium atom absorption chamber 112 through the audio power amplifier 820 to heat the nonmagnetic heating wire, the temperature detection sub-circuit 830 may measure the real-time temperature of the nonmagnetic heating wire based on the bridge principle by using the temperature variation characteristic of the nonmagnetic heating wire, and the constant temperature control sub-circuit 840 may control the output power of the audio power amplifier 820 through the PI control (pro-port-Integral Controller) based on the real-time temperature and the first preset temperature by controlling the amplitude of the ac heating signal output from the signal generator 810, thereby controlling the temperature of the cesium atom absorption chamber at the first preset temperature.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in order to avoid interference to magnetic field measurement, an alternating current heating mode is adopted, and because the heating wire has the functions of heating and temperature control, the temperature control is realized by utilizing the characteristic that the resistance values of the heating wire are different along with the temperature change based on the bridge principle, and the functions of heating and temperature measurement are realized by using a group of cables at the same time, so that the simplification of the whole magnetometer probe structure is facilitated.
Fig. 9 shows a schematic diagram of a cesium atom magnetometer system according to an embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 9, the cesium atom magnetometer system includes a probe 110 and an electronics unit 120, which includes a signal processing circuit 121, a temperature control module 123, a dual closed loop radio frequency excitation power 122, and a power management module 124.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the temperature control module 123 may include an absorption room temperature control circuit 910, an atomic lamp temperature control circuit 920, where the absorption room temperature control circuit 910 and the atomic lamp temperature control circuit 920 are both shown in fig. 8, and the dual closed-loop rf excitation circuit 122 is shown in fig. 4. The power management module 124 uses 24 v-32 v dc to power the electronics unit 120.
Based on the cesium atom magnetometer system shown in fig. 9, photon shot noise limitation of a traditional open-loop technical system is broken through by a double-closed-loop feedback control technology, the stability problem of a cesium atom lamp controlled by a conventional open-loop is solved, the Q value of a cesium atom absorption chamber can be greatly improved by a multi-parameter control technology such as double-gas, inner wall coating and the like, the limit of the magnetic resonance linewidth of the cesium atom under single gas control is broken through, the service life of the cesium atom absorption chamber is greatly prolonged, and the sensitivity of the cesium atom magnetometer under geomagnetic environment is further improved.
Fig. 10 shows a schematic diagram of the sensitivity test results of cesium atom magnetometers in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 10, the abscissa represents frequency (Hz), and the ordinate represents spectral density in units ofI.e.The probe 1 is the probe of a first magnetometer, the probe 2 is the probe of a second magnetometer, and the first magnetometer and the second magnetometer are magnetometers as shown in fig. 9, namely the first magnetometer and the second magnetometer are the same, and the probe 1 and the probe 2 are also the same.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the sensitivity of magnetometers can be measured using two identical magnetometers probes to form a differencing method. Because the noise of the magnetometers is irrelevant and the ambient background noise is relevant, namely the noise of two identical magnetometers is different, the time domain data obtained by magnetic field measurement of the two magnetometers can be subtracted, the ambient background noise can be eliminated, and the noise power spectrum of the frequency domain obtained by subtracting can be divided byThe inherent magnetic field sensitivity of each magnetometer can be obtained.
Wherein the probe 1 self-power spectrum is the noise spectrum density curve of the probe of the first magnetometer (comprising ambient noise and noise of the magnetometer itself), the probe 2 self-power spectrum is the noise spectrum density curve of the probe of the second magnetometer (comprising ambient noise and noise of the magnetometer itself), the noise spectrum is the time domain data obtained by the magnetic field measurement of the probe 2 minus the time domain data obtained by the magnetic field measurement of the probe 1, and the noise power spectrum of the frequency domain obtained by the subtraction is divided byThe noise spectral density profile obtained is also the intrinsic sensitivity profile of each probe.
According to the embodiment of the invention, as can be seen from the noise spectrum density curve in FIG. 10, the measured sensitivity in geomagnetic background can be reached based on the cesium atom magnetometer system constructed by the core components such as the high-stability cesium atom lamp and the high-Q cesium atom absorption chamber of the inventionThe hundred-flight superfine weak magnetic field measurement under the geomagnetic background can be realized.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the features recited in the various embodiments of the invention can be combined and/or combined in a variety of ways, even if such combinations or combinations are not explicitly recited in the present invention. In particular, the features recited in the various embodiments of the invention can be combined and/or combined in various ways without departing from the spirit and teachings of the invention. All such combinations and/or combinations fall within the scope of the invention.
The embodiments of the present invention are described above. These examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Although the embodiments are described above separately, this does not mean that the measures in the embodiments cannot be used advantageously in combination. Various alternatives and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention, and such alternatives and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
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