Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an oxygen-absorbing gangue porous material for preventing and controlling goaf combustion and a preparation method thereof, and the raw material gangue used in the method has wide sources, low cost and simple and easy preparation process; the prepared porous material can effectively block the goaf, remove oxygen in the closed space, form an anaerobic choking space and prevent coal spontaneous combustion.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
The preparation method of the oxygen-absorbing gangue porous material for preventing and controlling goaf combustion comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a coal gangue porous material;
S1-1, adding coal gangue powder which is crushed into more than 200 meshes into excessive diluted hydrochloric acid, fully and uniformly stirring for 10-15min, and filtering to obtain acid-washed coal gangue;
S1-2, mixing the acid-washed coal gangue with distilled water according to a certain proportion, and uniformly stirring for 15-20min to obtain 5-10wt% coal gangue suspension;
S1-3, adding 1.5-5wt% of dispersing agent into the gangue suspension, and uniformly stirring for 5-10min under heating in a 50-60 ℃ water bath to obtain gangue sol;
S1-4, mixing the template agent with distilled water according to a certain proportion, and uniformly stirring for 10-15min to obtain 10-20wt% template agent suspension;
s1-5, dropwise adding the template agent suspension prepared in the step S1-4 into the gangue sol prepared in the step S1-3 according to the mass ratio of (5-10), and uniformly stirring for 60-90min under water bath heating at 40-60 ℃ to obtain a porous material precursor;
S1-6, soaking a porous material precursor in an organic solvent, uniformly stirring for 10-30min, filtering, and washing a sample obtained by filtering with distilled water for 3-5 times to obtain a coal gangue porous material;
s2, mixing the adsorbent with distilled water according to a certain proportion, and uniformly stirring for 3-10min to obtain 20-40wt% of adsorption liquid;
S3, mixing the gangue porous material prepared in the step S1 with the adsorption liquid prepared in the step S2, continuously and uniformly stirring, slowly adding ammonia water, and controlling the pH of the solution to 8-10 to obtain a precipitate;
S4, washing the precipitate with deionized water for 3-5 times, and performing heat treatment at 400-600 ℃ for 120-150min to obtain the oxygen-absorbing gangue porous material.
Preferably, in step S1-1, the concentration of the dilute hydrochloric acid is 1-2M.
Preferably, in step S1-3, the dispersing agent is polyvinylpyrrolidone.
Preferably, in step S1-4, the template agent is one of polyacrylic acid microsphere, polymethyl methacrylate microsphere or polystyrene microsphere.
Preferably, in step S1-5, the titer rate of the template suspension is 2S/drop.
Preferably, in step S1-6, the organic solvent is one of dichloromethane, toluene, and tetrahydrofuran.
Preferably, in step S2, the adsorbent is one of cobalt nitrate, nickel nitrate and cerium nitrate.
Preferably, in step S3, the concentration of ammonia is 1-2M.
Preferably, the stirring is magnetic stirring, and the stirring speed is 500-1000rmp.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention also provides the oxygen-absorbing gangue porous material for preventing and controlling goaf combustion, which is prepared by the preparation method.
In the preparation process, firstly, impurities in the coal gangue are removed through acid washing, the reaction activity of the coal gangue is improved, then, the dispersibility and the stability of the material are improved through preparation of the coal gangue suspension liquid, addition of a dispersing agent and the like, meanwhile, a precursor of the porous material is formed through introduction of a template agent and temperature and time control, the pore structure of the porous material is optimized, and rich attachment sites are provided for oxygen adsorption. The porous material prepared by the invention can effectively remove oxygen in the plugging space, form an anaerobic choking environment and inhibit spontaneous combustion of coal.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) According to the invention, the coal gangue is used as a porous material, and the oxygen absorbing function is given to the porous material by a doping modification method, so that the prepared oxygen absorbing type coal gangue porous material can effectively block an air leakage channel of a goaf, and simultaneously absorb oxygen existing in the goaf, so that a completely oxygen-free isolated space is formed in the enclosed space, and spontaneous combustion of coal is inhibited;
(2) The oxygen-absorbing gangue porous material prepared by the invention realizes longitudinal accumulation of slurry in the process of grouting along with the porous material, and blocks high-level fracture channels;
(3) The raw material gangue used by the invention has wide sources, low cost and simple and feasible manufacturing process, realizes the effective treatment of solid waste, has better application prospect, and the prepared porous material can be effectively used for spontaneous combustion prevention and control of the goaf of the coal mine.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific examples.
Example 1
The preparation method of the oxygen-absorbing gangue porous material for preventing and controlling goaf combustion comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a coal gangue porous material:
s1-1, adding 10g of coal gangue into over 200 meshes of powder, adding into excessive 1M dilute hydrochloric acid, uniformly stirring for 10min, and filtering to obtain acid-washed coal gangue;
s1-2, mixing 5g of acid-washed coal gangue with 45g of distilled water, and uniformly stirring for 15min to obtain a coal gangue suspension;
s1-3, adding 1g of polyvinylpyrrolidone into the gangue suspension, and uniformly stirring for 10min under heating in a 50 ℃ water bath to obtain gangue sol;
s1-4, mixing 10g of polyacrylic acid microspheres with 90g of distilled water, and uniformly stirring for 10min to obtain a template agent suspension;
S1-5, dropwise adding 50g of template agent suspension into the coal gangue sol at a dropwise speed of 2S/drop, and uniformly stirring for 60min under water bath heating at 40 ℃ to obtain a porous material precursor;
s1-6, soaking a porous material precursor in dichloromethane, uniformly stirring for 10min, and washing a sample obtained by filtering with distilled water for 5 times to obtain a coal gangue porous material;
S2, mixing 10g of cobalt nitrate with 40g of distilled water, and uniformly stirring for 3min to obtain an adsorption liquid;
s3, mixing the gangue porous material with the adsorption liquid, continuously and uniformly stirring, slowly adding 1M ammonia water, and controlling the pH value of the solution to 8 to obtain a precipitate;
S4, washing the precipitate with deionized water for 5 times, and performing heat treatment at 400 ℃ for 120min to obtain the oxygen-absorbing gangue porous material.
Example two
The preparation method of the oxygen-absorbing gangue porous material for preventing and controlling goaf combustion comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a coal gangue porous material:
S1-1, adding 10g of coal gangue into over 200 meshes of powder, adding into excessive 1M dilute hydrochloric acid, uniformly stirring for 10min, and filtering to obtain acid-washed coal gangue;
s1-2, mixing 5g of acid-washed coal gangue with 55g of distilled water according to a certain proportion, and uniformly stirring for 20min to obtain a coal gangue suspension;
s1-3, adding 1.5g of polyvinylpyrrolidone into the gangue suspension, and uniformly stirring for 5min under heating in a 55 ℃ water bath to obtain gangue sol;
s1-4, mixing 10g of polymethyl methacrylate microspheres with 80g of distilled water, and uniformly stirring for 10min to obtain a template agent suspension;
S1-5, dropwise adding 20g of template agent suspension into the coal gangue sol at a dropwise speed of 2S/drop, and uniformly stirring for 80min under the heating of a 50 ℃ water bath to obtain a porous material precursor;
S1-6, soaking a porous material precursor in toluene, uniformly stirring for 10min, and washing a sample obtained by filtering with distilled water for 5 times to obtain a coal gangue porous material;
s2, mixing 10g of nickel nitrate with 20g of distilled water, and uniformly stirring for 5min to obtain an adsorption liquid;
s3, mixing the gangue porous material with the adsorption liquid, continuously and uniformly stirring, slowly adding 2M ammonia water, and controlling the pH value of the solution to 10 to obtain a precipitate;
S4, washing the precipitate with deionized water for 3 times, and performing heat treatment at 600 ℃ for 140min to obtain the oxygen-absorbing gangue porous material.
Example III
The preparation method of the oxygen-absorbing gangue porous material for preventing and controlling goaf combustion comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a coal gangue porous material:
S1-1, adding 10g of coal gangue into over 200 meshes of powder, adding into excessive 2M dilute hydrochloric acid, uniformly stirring for 10min, and filtering to obtain acid-washed coal gangue;
s1-2, mixing 5g of acid-washed coal gangue with 95g of distilled water according to a certain proportion, and uniformly stirring for 18min to obtain a coal gangue suspension;
S1-3, adding 5g of polyvinylpyrrolidone into the gangue suspension, and uniformly stirring for 8min under heating in a 60 ℃ water bath to obtain gangue sol;
s1-4, mixing 10g of polystyrene microspheres with 40g of distilled water, and uniformly stirring for 14min to obtain a template agent suspension;
S1-5, dropwise adding 20g of template agent suspension into the coal gangue sol at a dropwise speed of 2S/drop, and uniformly stirring for 80min under the heating of a 50 ℃ water bath to obtain a porous material precursor;
s1-6, soaking a porous material precursor in tetrahydrofuran, uniformly stirring for 25min, and washing a sample obtained by filtering with distilled water for 5 times to obtain a coal gangue porous material;
s2, mixing 10g of cerium nitrate with 15g of distilled water, and uniformly stirring for 8min to obtain an adsorption liquid;
s3, mixing the gangue porous material with the adsorption liquid, continuously and uniformly stirring, slowly adding 1M ammonia water, and controlling the pH value of the solution to 9 to obtain a precipitate;
s4, washing the precipitate with deionized water for 3 times, and performing heat treatment at 600 ℃ for 150min to obtain the oxygen-absorbing gangue porous material.
Example IV
The preparation method of the oxygen-absorbing gangue porous material for preventing and controlling goaf combustion comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a coal gangue porous material:
S1-1, adding 10g of coal gangue into over 200 meshes of powder, adding into excessive 1M dilute hydrochloric acid, uniformly stirring for 10min, and filtering to obtain acid-washed coal gangue;
s1-2, mixing 5g of acid-washed coal gangue with 60g of distilled water according to a certain proportion, and uniformly stirring for 20min to obtain a coal gangue suspension;
s1-3, adding 1g of polyvinylpyrrolidone into the gangue suspension, and uniformly stirring for 10min under heating in a 50 ℃ water bath to obtain gangue sol;
s1-4, mixing 10g of polyacrylic acid microspheres with 60g of distilled water, and uniformly stirring for 15min to obtain a template agent suspension;
s1-5, dropwise adding 15g of template agent suspension into the coal gangue sol at a dropwise speed of 2S/drop, and uniformly stirring for 60min under water bath heating at 40 ℃ to obtain a porous material precursor;
s1-6, soaking a porous material precursor in dichloromethane, uniformly stirring for 10min, and washing a sample obtained by filtering with distilled water for 5 times to obtain a coal gangue porous material;
S2, mixing 8g of cobalt nitrate with 40g of distilled water, and uniformly stirring for 10min to obtain an adsorption liquid;
s3, mixing the gangue porous material with the adsorption liquid, continuously and uniformly stirring, slowly adding 2M ammonia water, and controlling the pH value of the solution to 8 to obtain a precipitate;
S4, washing the precipitate with deionized water for 5 times, and performing heat treatment at 400 ℃ for 120min to obtain the oxygen-absorbing gangue porous material.
The strength and oxygen adsorption amount of the oxygen-type coal gangue porous materials prepared in examples one to four were tested, and the porous materials were tested for performance using a press, a full-automatic specific surface area and a pore size analyzer, respectively, and the test results are shown in table 1 and fig. 1.
Table 1 compressive Strength of porous materials prepared in examples
| Sample of |
Compressive strength (MPa) |
| Example 1 |
31 |
| Example two |
30 |
| Example III |
32 |
| Example IV |
34 |
As can be seen from table 1, the compressive strength of the gangue porous material prepared in the above example was high, and the gangue porous material was able to effectively support the weight of the slurry when the slurry was injected or piled up on the material, preventing collapse or leakage due to the self-weight or external force. The porous structure not only imparts good mechanical properties to the material, but also may provide excellent permeability and adsorptivity, enabling uniform distribution of the slurry.
As can be seen from fig. 1, the gangue porous material has good oxygen absorption characteristics. The nitric acid adsorbent is converted into oxide after high temperature treatment, can be subjected to oxidation-reduction reaction with oxygen, and has a large number of oxygen vacancies on the surface of the adsorbent, and the vacancies can capture and adsorb oxygen molecules, so that the adsorption capacity of the nitric acid adsorbent is further improved. The oxygen absorbing capacity of the third embodiment is obviously higher than that of other embodiments, namely cerium oxide can be rapidly converted between Ce 4 + and Ce 3 +, and the variability of the valence state enables the cerium oxide to effectively absorb oxygen in the reaction, and meanwhile, a large amount of oxygen vacancies in the cerium oxide can absorb oxygen and form active oxygen species, so that the oxygen absorbing capacity is improved. In addition, the adsorbent concentration in example three was higher, further enhancing the adsorption capacity.
According to the test result, the oxygen-absorbing type coal gangue porous material for preventing and controlling the combustion of the goaf is prepared from the coal gangue with low cost, the process flow is simple, waste utilization is realized, waste is used for preparing treasures, the porous material has good oxygen-absorbing property, the existing oxygen in the goaf is removed while plugging is realized, and the risk of spontaneous combustion of coal in the goaf is greatly reduced. Meanwhile, the porous material has good strength, so that slurry can be accumulated, and a high-level fracture channel can be well plugged, so that plugging of different underground conditions of a coal mine can be met.