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CN119303930B - Oxygen-absorbing gangue porous material for preventing and controlling goaf combustion and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Oxygen-absorbing gangue porous material for preventing and controlling goaf combustion and preparation method thereof

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Publication number
CN119303930B
CN119303930B CN202411429965.2A CN202411429965A CN119303930B CN 119303930 B CN119303930 B CN 119303930B CN 202411429965 A CN202411429965 A CN 202411429965A CN 119303930 B CN119303930 B CN 119303930B
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porous material
oxygen
goaf
coal gangue
gangue
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CN119303930A (en
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戚绪尧
张亚博
杜自安
钦雅琪
张兰君
王德明
魏宏阳
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China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21FSAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F5/00Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires
    • E21F5/08Rock dusting of mines; Depositing other protective substances
    • E21F5/12Composition of rock dust
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/20Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B5/00Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K21/00Fireproofing materials
    • C09K21/02Inorganic materials

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于防治采空区煤燃烧的吸氧型煤矸石多孔材料及其制备方法,该制备方法是先通过模板法将煤矸石制作成多孔材料,然后通过掺杂改性的方法对多孔材料赋予吸氧功能,即可得到吸氧型煤矸石多孔材料。本发明主要将煤矿固体废弃物制备成为具有高经济价值的防灭火材料,实现了对固体废物的有效利用,同时固体废弃物来源广泛,成本十分低廉,制作方法简单;所制得的多孔材料随同浆液注入采空区以后,形成惰化隔离带;同时将采空区内现存氧气吸收,形成完全无氧的窒息带,抑制煤自燃的发生,此外多孔材料高强度属性可以实现对浆液的纵向堆积,浆液不易溃浆,能够对高位的裂隙的完全封堵,在矿井火灾防治领域具有广阔的应用前景。

This invention discloses an oxygen-absorbing porous coal gangue material for preventing coal combustion in goaf areas and its preparation method. The method involves first fabricating a porous material from coal gangue using a template method, and then imbuing the porous material with oxygen-absorbing capabilities through doping modification, thus obtaining the oxygen-absorbing porous coal gangue material. This invention primarily transforms coal mine solid waste into a high-value fire-fighting material, achieving effective utilization of solid waste. Solid waste is widely available, inexpensive, and the manufacturing method is simple. The resulting porous material, injected into the goaf along with slurry, forms an inertized isolation zone. Simultaneously, it absorbs existing oxygen in the goaf, creating a completely oxygen-free asphyxiation zone, inhibiting spontaneous coal combustion. Furthermore, the high strength of the porous material allows for vertical deposition of the slurry, preventing slurry collapse and completely sealing high-level fissures, demonstrating broad application prospects in mine fire prevention.

Description

Oxygen-absorbing gangue porous material for preventing and controlling goaf combustion and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine fire prevention and extinguishment, in particular to an oxygen-absorbing type gangue porous material for preventing and controlling goaf combustion and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Spontaneous combustion of coal is a serious disaster in the coal mine production process all the time, and particularly for goafs, complex cracks are formed after roof collapse, air leakage is serious, spontaneous combustion of residual coal in the goafs is caused, and accidents such as gas and dust explosion can be even caused. Therefore, plugging is one of the basic measures for preventing and controlling spontaneous combustion of coal, and common plugging materials comprise yellow mud, cement paste, concrete, polyurethane and the like. However, the slurry has strong fluidity in the injection process, so that accurate blocking of high positions is difficult to realize, and meanwhile, after water is evaporated, the slurry is deformed in a desiccation mode, an air leakage channel is formed again, and the reburning of residual coal is easy to cause. Polyurethane has excellent performance, but has the defects of high manufacturing cost, large heat release amount in the reaction process, single performance and the like.
Gangue is an accessory product in the process of coal production and washing and selecting, and is industrial waste. The total amount of accumulated and piled gangue in China exceeds 70 hundred million tons at present, and the total amount of accumulated and piled gangue is continuously increased every year. At present, the coal gangue is mainly used for underground filling in coal mines. The patent with publication number CN118084448A discloses a coal gangue high-concentration filling slurry which is easy to solidify, does not bleed and is convenient for pipeline transportation, and the patent with publication number CN118255565A discloses a mine water solidifying filling material containing C-S-H gel, wherein the prepared gel adsorbs anions and cations in mine water, solidifies on the surface of coal gangue aggregate particles or fills particle gaps, and is sealed in a coal mine goaf. However, there is no report on the production of gangue as oxygen absorbing fire preventing and extinguishing material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an oxygen-absorbing gangue porous material for preventing and controlling goaf combustion and a preparation method thereof, and the raw material gangue used in the method has wide sources, low cost and simple and easy preparation process; the prepared porous material can effectively block the goaf, remove oxygen in the closed space, form an anaerobic choking space and prevent coal spontaneous combustion.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
The preparation method of the oxygen-absorbing gangue porous material for preventing and controlling goaf combustion comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a coal gangue porous material;
S1-1, adding coal gangue powder which is crushed into more than 200 meshes into excessive diluted hydrochloric acid, fully and uniformly stirring for 10-15min, and filtering to obtain acid-washed coal gangue;
S1-2, mixing the acid-washed coal gangue with distilled water according to a certain proportion, and uniformly stirring for 15-20min to obtain 5-10wt% coal gangue suspension;
S1-3, adding 1.5-5wt% of dispersing agent into the gangue suspension, and uniformly stirring for 5-10min under heating in a 50-60 ℃ water bath to obtain gangue sol;
S1-4, mixing the template agent with distilled water according to a certain proportion, and uniformly stirring for 10-15min to obtain 10-20wt% template agent suspension;
s1-5, dropwise adding the template agent suspension prepared in the step S1-4 into the gangue sol prepared in the step S1-3 according to the mass ratio of (5-10), and uniformly stirring for 60-90min under water bath heating at 40-60 ℃ to obtain a porous material precursor;
S1-6, soaking a porous material precursor in an organic solvent, uniformly stirring for 10-30min, filtering, and washing a sample obtained by filtering with distilled water for 3-5 times to obtain a coal gangue porous material;
s2, mixing the adsorbent with distilled water according to a certain proportion, and uniformly stirring for 3-10min to obtain 20-40wt% of adsorption liquid;
S3, mixing the gangue porous material prepared in the step S1 with the adsorption liquid prepared in the step S2, continuously and uniformly stirring, slowly adding ammonia water, and controlling the pH of the solution to 8-10 to obtain a precipitate;
S4, washing the precipitate with deionized water for 3-5 times, and performing heat treatment at 400-600 ℃ for 120-150min to obtain the oxygen-absorbing gangue porous material.
Preferably, in step S1-1, the concentration of the dilute hydrochloric acid is 1-2M.
Preferably, in step S1-3, the dispersing agent is polyvinylpyrrolidone.
Preferably, in step S1-4, the template agent is one of polyacrylic acid microsphere, polymethyl methacrylate microsphere or polystyrene microsphere.
Preferably, in step S1-5, the titer rate of the template suspension is 2S/drop.
Preferably, in step S1-6, the organic solvent is one of dichloromethane, toluene, and tetrahydrofuran.
Preferably, in step S2, the adsorbent is one of cobalt nitrate, nickel nitrate and cerium nitrate.
Preferably, in step S3, the concentration of ammonia is 1-2M.
Preferably, the stirring is magnetic stirring, and the stirring speed is 500-1000rmp.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention also provides the oxygen-absorbing gangue porous material for preventing and controlling goaf combustion, which is prepared by the preparation method.
In the preparation process, firstly, impurities in the coal gangue are removed through acid washing, the reaction activity of the coal gangue is improved, then, the dispersibility and the stability of the material are improved through preparation of the coal gangue suspension liquid, addition of a dispersing agent and the like, meanwhile, a precursor of the porous material is formed through introduction of a template agent and temperature and time control, the pore structure of the porous material is optimized, and rich attachment sites are provided for oxygen adsorption. The porous material prepared by the invention can effectively remove oxygen in the plugging space, form an anaerobic choking environment and inhibit spontaneous combustion of coal.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) According to the invention, the coal gangue is used as a porous material, and the oxygen absorbing function is given to the porous material by a doping modification method, so that the prepared oxygen absorbing type coal gangue porous material can effectively block an air leakage channel of a goaf, and simultaneously absorb oxygen existing in the goaf, so that a completely oxygen-free isolated space is formed in the enclosed space, and spontaneous combustion of coal is inhibited;
(2) The oxygen-absorbing gangue porous material prepared by the invention realizes longitudinal accumulation of slurry in the process of grouting along with the porous material, and blocks high-level fracture channels;
(3) The raw material gangue used by the invention has wide sources, low cost and simple and feasible manufacturing process, realizes the effective treatment of solid waste, has better application prospect, and the prepared porous material can be effectively used for spontaneous combustion prevention and control of the goaf of the coal mine.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of adsorption isotherms for four embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific examples.
Example 1
The preparation method of the oxygen-absorbing gangue porous material for preventing and controlling goaf combustion comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a coal gangue porous material:
s1-1, adding 10g of coal gangue into over 200 meshes of powder, adding into excessive 1M dilute hydrochloric acid, uniformly stirring for 10min, and filtering to obtain acid-washed coal gangue;
s1-2, mixing 5g of acid-washed coal gangue with 45g of distilled water, and uniformly stirring for 15min to obtain a coal gangue suspension;
s1-3, adding 1g of polyvinylpyrrolidone into the gangue suspension, and uniformly stirring for 10min under heating in a 50 ℃ water bath to obtain gangue sol;
s1-4, mixing 10g of polyacrylic acid microspheres with 90g of distilled water, and uniformly stirring for 10min to obtain a template agent suspension;
S1-5, dropwise adding 50g of template agent suspension into the coal gangue sol at a dropwise speed of 2S/drop, and uniformly stirring for 60min under water bath heating at 40 ℃ to obtain a porous material precursor;
s1-6, soaking a porous material precursor in dichloromethane, uniformly stirring for 10min, and washing a sample obtained by filtering with distilled water for 5 times to obtain a coal gangue porous material;
S2, mixing 10g of cobalt nitrate with 40g of distilled water, and uniformly stirring for 3min to obtain an adsorption liquid;
s3, mixing the gangue porous material with the adsorption liquid, continuously and uniformly stirring, slowly adding 1M ammonia water, and controlling the pH value of the solution to 8 to obtain a precipitate;
S4, washing the precipitate with deionized water for 5 times, and performing heat treatment at 400 ℃ for 120min to obtain the oxygen-absorbing gangue porous material.
Example two
The preparation method of the oxygen-absorbing gangue porous material for preventing and controlling goaf combustion comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a coal gangue porous material:
S1-1, adding 10g of coal gangue into over 200 meshes of powder, adding into excessive 1M dilute hydrochloric acid, uniformly stirring for 10min, and filtering to obtain acid-washed coal gangue;
s1-2, mixing 5g of acid-washed coal gangue with 55g of distilled water according to a certain proportion, and uniformly stirring for 20min to obtain a coal gangue suspension;
s1-3, adding 1.5g of polyvinylpyrrolidone into the gangue suspension, and uniformly stirring for 5min under heating in a 55 ℃ water bath to obtain gangue sol;
s1-4, mixing 10g of polymethyl methacrylate microspheres with 80g of distilled water, and uniformly stirring for 10min to obtain a template agent suspension;
S1-5, dropwise adding 20g of template agent suspension into the coal gangue sol at a dropwise speed of 2S/drop, and uniformly stirring for 80min under the heating of a 50 ℃ water bath to obtain a porous material precursor;
S1-6, soaking a porous material precursor in toluene, uniformly stirring for 10min, and washing a sample obtained by filtering with distilled water for 5 times to obtain a coal gangue porous material;
s2, mixing 10g of nickel nitrate with 20g of distilled water, and uniformly stirring for 5min to obtain an adsorption liquid;
s3, mixing the gangue porous material with the adsorption liquid, continuously and uniformly stirring, slowly adding 2M ammonia water, and controlling the pH value of the solution to 10 to obtain a precipitate;
S4, washing the precipitate with deionized water for 3 times, and performing heat treatment at 600 ℃ for 140min to obtain the oxygen-absorbing gangue porous material.
Example III
The preparation method of the oxygen-absorbing gangue porous material for preventing and controlling goaf combustion comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a coal gangue porous material:
S1-1, adding 10g of coal gangue into over 200 meshes of powder, adding into excessive 2M dilute hydrochloric acid, uniformly stirring for 10min, and filtering to obtain acid-washed coal gangue;
s1-2, mixing 5g of acid-washed coal gangue with 95g of distilled water according to a certain proportion, and uniformly stirring for 18min to obtain a coal gangue suspension;
S1-3, adding 5g of polyvinylpyrrolidone into the gangue suspension, and uniformly stirring for 8min under heating in a 60 ℃ water bath to obtain gangue sol;
s1-4, mixing 10g of polystyrene microspheres with 40g of distilled water, and uniformly stirring for 14min to obtain a template agent suspension;
S1-5, dropwise adding 20g of template agent suspension into the coal gangue sol at a dropwise speed of 2S/drop, and uniformly stirring for 80min under the heating of a 50 ℃ water bath to obtain a porous material precursor;
s1-6, soaking a porous material precursor in tetrahydrofuran, uniformly stirring for 25min, and washing a sample obtained by filtering with distilled water for 5 times to obtain a coal gangue porous material;
s2, mixing 10g of cerium nitrate with 15g of distilled water, and uniformly stirring for 8min to obtain an adsorption liquid;
s3, mixing the gangue porous material with the adsorption liquid, continuously and uniformly stirring, slowly adding 1M ammonia water, and controlling the pH value of the solution to 9 to obtain a precipitate;
s4, washing the precipitate with deionized water for 3 times, and performing heat treatment at 600 ℃ for 150min to obtain the oxygen-absorbing gangue porous material.
Example IV
The preparation method of the oxygen-absorbing gangue porous material for preventing and controlling goaf combustion comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a coal gangue porous material:
S1-1, adding 10g of coal gangue into over 200 meshes of powder, adding into excessive 1M dilute hydrochloric acid, uniformly stirring for 10min, and filtering to obtain acid-washed coal gangue;
s1-2, mixing 5g of acid-washed coal gangue with 60g of distilled water according to a certain proportion, and uniformly stirring for 20min to obtain a coal gangue suspension;
s1-3, adding 1g of polyvinylpyrrolidone into the gangue suspension, and uniformly stirring for 10min under heating in a 50 ℃ water bath to obtain gangue sol;
s1-4, mixing 10g of polyacrylic acid microspheres with 60g of distilled water, and uniformly stirring for 15min to obtain a template agent suspension;
s1-5, dropwise adding 15g of template agent suspension into the coal gangue sol at a dropwise speed of 2S/drop, and uniformly stirring for 60min under water bath heating at 40 ℃ to obtain a porous material precursor;
s1-6, soaking a porous material precursor in dichloromethane, uniformly stirring for 10min, and washing a sample obtained by filtering with distilled water for 5 times to obtain a coal gangue porous material;
S2, mixing 8g of cobalt nitrate with 40g of distilled water, and uniformly stirring for 10min to obtain an adsorption liquid;
s3, mixing the gangue porous material with the adsorption liquid, continuously and uniformly stirring, slowly adding 2M ammonia water, and controlling the pH value of the solution to 8 to obtain a precipitate;
S4, washing the precipitate with deionized water for 5 times, and performing heat treatment at 400 ℃ for 120min to obtain the oxygen-absorbing gangue porous material.
The strength and oxygen adsorption amount of the oxygen-type coal gangue porous materials prepared in examples one to four were tested, and the porous materials were tested for performance using a press, a full-automatic specific surface area and a pore size analyzer, respectively, and the test results are shown in table 1 and fig. 1.
Table 1 compressive Strength of porous materials prepared in examples
Sample of Compressive strength (MPa)
Example 1 31
Example two 30
Example III 32
Example IV 34
As can be seen from table 1, the compressive strength of the gangue porous material prepared in the above example was high, and the gangue porous material was able to effectively support the weight of the slurry when the slurry was injected or piled up on the material, preventing collapse or leakage due to the self-weight or external force. The porous structure not only imparts good mechanical properties to the material, but also may provide excellent permeability and adsorptivity, enabling uniform distribution of the slurry.
As can be seen from fig. 1, the gangue porous material has good oxygen absorption characteristics. The nitric acid adsorbent is converted into oxide after high temperature treatment, can be subjected to oxidation-reduction reaction with oxygen, and has a large number of oxygen vacancies on the surface of the adsorbent, and the vacancies can capture and adsorb oxygen molecules, so that the adsorption capacity of the nitric acid adsorbent is further improved. The oxygen absorbing capacity of the third embodiment is obviously higher than that of other embodiments, namely cerium oxide can be rapidly converted between Ce 4 + and Ce 3 +, and the variability of the valence state enables the cerium oxide to effectively absorb oxygen in the reaction, and meanwhile, a large amount of oxygen vacancies in the cerium oxide can absorb oxygen and form active oxygen species, so that the oxygen absorbing capacity is improved. In addition, the adsorbent concentration in example three was higher, further enhancing the adsorption capacity.
According to the test result, the oxygen-absorbing type coal gangue porous material for preventing and controlling the combustion of the goaf is prepared from the coal gangue with low cost, the process flow is simple, waste utilization is realized, waste is used for preparing treasures, the porous material has good oxygen-absorbing property, the existing oxygen in the goaf is removed while plugging is realized, and the risk of spontaneous combustion of coal in the goaf is greatly reduced. Meanwhile, the porous material has good strength, so that slurry can be accumulated, and a high-level fracture channel can be well plugged, so that plugging of different underground conditions of a coal mine can be met.

Claims (10)

1. The preparation method of the oxygen-absorbing gangue porous material for preventing and controlling goaf combustion is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing a coal gangue porous material;
S1-1, adding coal gangue powder which is crushed into more than 200 meshes into excessive diluted hydrochloric acid, fully and uniformly stirring for 10-15min, and filtering to obtain acid-washed coal gangue;
S1-2, mixing the acid-washed coal gangue with distilled water according to a certain proportion, and uniformly stirring for 15-20min to obtain 5-10wt% coal gangue suspension;
S1-3, adding 1.5-5wt% of dispersing agent into the gangue suspension, and uniformly stirring for 5-10min under heating in a 50-60 ℃ water bath to obtain gangue sol;
s1-4, mixing the template agent with distilled water according to a certain proportion, and uniformly stirring for 10-15min to obtain 10-20wt% template suspension;
S1-5, dropwise adding the template suspension prepared in the step S1-4 into the gangue sol prepared in the step S1-3 according to the mass ratio of (1-5), and uniformly stirring for 60-90min under water bath heating at 40-60 ℃ to obtain a porous material precursor;
S1-6, soaking a porous material precursor in an organic solvent, uniformly stirring for 10-30min, filtering, and washing a sample obtained by filtering with distilled water for 3-5 times to obtain a coal gangue porous material;
s2, mixing the adsorbent with distilled water according to a certain proportion, and uniformly stirring for 3-10min to obtain 20-40wt% of adsorption liquid;
S3, mixing the gangue porous material prepared in the step S1 with the adsorption liquid prepared in the step S2, continuously and uniformly stirring, slowly adding ammonia water, and controlling the pH of the solution to 8-10 to obtain a precipitate;
S4, washing the precipitate with deionized water for 3-5 times, and performing heat treatment at 400-600 ℃ for 120-150min to obtain the oxygen-absorbing gangue porous material.
2. The method for preparing the oxygen-absorbing gangue porous material for preventing and controlling goaf combustion as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1-1, the concentration of the dilute hydrochloric acid is 1-2M.
3. The method for preparing the oxygen-absorbing molded coal gangue porous material for preventing and controlling goaf combustion according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step S1-3, the dispersing agent is polyvinylpyrrolidone.
4. The method for preparing the oxygen-absorbing coal gangue porous material for preventing and controlling goaf combustion according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step S1-4, the template agent is one of polyacrylic acid microsphere, polymethyl methacrylate microsphere and polystyrene microsphere.
5. The method for preparing an oxygen-absorbing molded coal gangue porous material for preventing and controlling goaf combustion as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in step S1-5, the titration rate of the template agent suspension is 2S/drop.
6. The method for preparing the oxygen-absorbing coal gangue porous material for preventing and controlling goaf combustion according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step S1-6, the organic solvent is one of dichloromethane, toluene and tetrahydrofuran.
7. The method for preparing the oxygen-absorbing molded coal gangue porous material for preventing and controlling goaf combustion according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step S2, the adsorbent is one of cobalt nitrate, nickel nitrate and cerium nitrate.
8. The method for preparing the oxygen-absorbing molded coal gangue porous material for preventing and controlling goaf combustion according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step S3, the ammonia water concentration is 1-2M.
9. The method for preparing the oxygen-absorbing molded coal gangue porous material for preventing and controlling goaf combustion according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the stirring is magnetic stirring, and the stirring speed is 500-1000rmp.
10. The oxygen-absorbing coal gangue porous material for preventing and controlling goaf combustion prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-9.
CN202411429965.2A 2024-10-14 2024-10-14 Oxygen-absorbing gangue porous material for preventing and controlling goaf combustion and preparation method thereof Active CN119303930B (en)

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