CN119166868A - A method to support modeling and evaluation of complex system requirements integrity - Google Patents
A method to support modeling and evaluation of complex system requirements integrity Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for supporting the modeling and evaluation of the demand integrity of a complex system, which relates to the technical fields of complex system design, model-based system engineering and demand management, and comprises the following steps of: the method comprises the steps of constructing a Chinese general demand template, combining the Chinese general demand template with a demand modeling standard Req I F, restraining demand item attribute contents based on the Chinese general demand template, constructing a demand model, constructing a demand integrity evaluation criterion, evaluating the integrity of the demand item attribute contents, and modifying the contents which do not meet the demand to meet the demand template.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical fields of complex system design, model-based system engineering and demand management, and particularly relates to a method for supporting complex system demand integrity modeling and evaluation.
Background
The existing demand expression method is characterized in that the demand content is still described by adopting natural language, the natural language is unstructured and has ambiguity, the demand expression is easy to miss, the integrity of the demand content is difficult to guarantee, EARS _NFR is proposed by expanding based on EARS templates in the patent method, although the EARS _NFR templates standardize the demand expression to a certain extent, the method belongs to English templates, the method cannot completely adapt to the Chinese demand expression mode and habit, and cannot be applied to Chinese demand integrity expression, the demand template method in the patent method mainly focuses on the text description of the demand, and the method lacks tight combination with demand modeling methods (such as UML use diagram, sysML demand diagram, req I F demand entry form and the like), the ambiguity and the incompleteness still exist in the demand expression in the model, so that a method for supporting demand integrity modeling and evaluation is provided based on EARS templates, the method is suitable for Chinese demand integrity description, and the proposed method combines the demand integrity modeling and the demand modeling template with the demand modeling method, and the demand integrity in the demand modeling method is guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for supporting complex system demand integrity modeling and evaluation, which expands and proposes a general Chinese demand template based on EARS templates to adapt to the expression mode and habit of Chinese demands, and solves the problems that the prior patent method expands and proposes EARS _NFR based on EARS templates, and the EARS _NFR template standardizes the expression of the demands to a certain extent, but cannot completely adapt to the expression mode and habit of Chinese demands due to the fact that the template belongs to an English template, and cannot be applied to Chinese demand integrity expression.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
The invention relates to a method for supporting complex system demand integrity modeling and evaluation, which comprises the following steps of;
Step one, constructing a Chinese general demand template;
Combining a Chinese general demand template with a demand modeling standard Req I F;
step three, constraint is carried out on attribute contents of the demand items based on a Chinese general demand template;
Step four, constructing a demand model;
Step five, constructing a demand integrity evaluation criterion;
Step six, evaluating the integrity of the attribute content of the requirement item;
And step seven, modifying the content which does not meet the requirements to a template meeting the requirements.
Further, the method for supporting the modeling and evaluation of the requirement integrity of the complex system is characterized in that in the first step, a Chinese general requirement template is provided based on EARS requirement templates, and the specific contents are as follows:
(1) The ubiquitous need to describe the functions or behaviors that the system or entity should continue to perform at any time, the template structure is < system name > should < system response >;
(2) Event-driven requirements describing the response behavior of a system or entity upon the occurrence of a particular triggering event, which is dependent upon the occurrence of a certain event or condition; the template structure is that when < optional precondition > < trigger > < system name > should < system response >;
(3) Unwanted behavior describing countermeasures that the system should take when encountering errors, faults, or deviations from the intended user behavior; the template structure is that if < optional precondition > < trigger >, then < system name > should < system response >; for example, if a sensor fails, the autopilot system should immediately notify the driver and switch to manual drive mode;
(4) A state-driven requirement describing an operation or behavior that the system or entity should perform in a particular state; the template structure is that when the automobile is in a high-speed running state, the automatic driving system should automatically keep a safe following distance;
(5) The system comprises a template structure, a matching function requirement and a template structure, wherein the template structure is used for describing a response of a system when the system has specific characteristics or functions;
(6) By combining the templates, the complex demand content is further constrained,
The template structure is that when < in a specific state > if < optional precondition > < trigger > < system name > should < system response > < if < optional precondition > < trigger > < system response > < if the system is in a specific state, < if sensor is out of order, the autopilot system should immediately notify the driver and switch to manual drive mode;
Event driven demand + unwanted behavior describing countermeasures that the system should take when encountering an error, malfunction or deviation from the intended user behavior when a particular trigger event occurs; the template structure is that when the < optional precondition 1> < trigger > is that if the < optional precondition 2> < trigger >, the < system name > should be that the system responds >;
State driven requirements + event driven requirements describing the response behavior when a specific trigger event occurs when the system is in a specific state; the template structure is that when the automobile is in a high-speed running state, an obstacle in front is detected, and the automatic driving system is automatically decelerated and bypasses;
The template structure is that < optional precondition 1> < trigger > < optional precondition 2> < trigger > < system name > should < system response > < for example, when the automobile is in a high-speed driving state, an obstacle in front is detected, if the sensor fails at this time, the automatic driving system should slow down and inform the driver of manual intervention.
Further, in the second step, in the requirement exchange format Req if, the requirement item SpecObject refers to a single requirement, and the content of the requirement is described by defining an attribute, so that the chinese generic requirement template is combined with the attribute content definition of the requirement item SpecObject to support the construction of the attribute content of the requirement item under the constraint of the chinese generic requirement template.
Further, the method for supporting the modeling and evaluation of the requirement integrity of the complex system is characterized in that in the third step, constraint is conducted on attribute contents of requirement items in a requirement model based on the Req I F standard according to a Chinese general requirement TEMPLATE to ensure that the requirement item attribute contents conform to the specification of the TEMPLATE, wherein the constraint comprises keyword constraint and structural constraint, TEMPLATE_ STRI NG refers to placeholders of the TEMPLATE, variables of character string types are replaced according to actual requirement contents of complex equipment, and specific contents of the TEMPLATE constraint are shown in a second table.
Further, the method for supporting the modeling and evaluation of the requirement integrity of the complex system is characterized in that in the fourth step, the requirement is modeled by adopting the Req I F standard, a requirement entry is defined, a group of attributes such as a requirement ID, a requirement name, a requirement description, a priority and a source are defined for each requirement entry, the attribute content of the requirement entry is constructed under the constraint of a Chinese general requirement template, for example, the requirement description attribute is aimed at, and the Chinese general requirement template is adopted to restrict the requirement description attribute content.
In the fifth step, a natural language processing technology and a regular expression matching technology are adopted to construct a requirement integrity evaluation criterion based on a Chinese general requirement template, wherein the criterion is expressed as three (regular expression) which means that character strings with any length can be matched.
Further, the method for supporting the modeling and evaluation of the integrity of the requirements of the complex system is characterized in that in the sixth step, whether the requirement content in the requirement model accords with the Chinese general requirement template is evaluated, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1. And extracting attribute contents of the demand items in the demand model.
2. And analyzing the extracted attribute content by using natural language processing technology.
3. And matching the analysis result with a requirement integrity evaluation criterion. If it matches a certain template evaluation criterion, it is marked as conforming to that template, and if it does not match any template, it is marked as not conforming to any template.
In a seventh step, the attribute content of the requirement item which does not meet any requirement integrity evaluation criterion is highlighted, and an evaluation result is output at a console, wherein the user modifies the requirement content according to error prompt until the requirement meets a Chinese general requirement template.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. The invention is based on EARS (Easy Approach to Requ i rements Syntax, EARS) templates, expands and proposes a general Chinese demand template, adapts to the expression mode and habit of Chinese demands, and supports the structural constraint on Chinese demand contents through the template, thereby realizing the complete expression of Chinese demands.
2. The invention is based on EARS (Easy Approach to Requ I rements Syntax, EARS) templates, expands and provides a general Chinese demand template, and is tightly combined with a demand modeling method based on the Req I F (Requ I REMENTS I NTERCHANGE Format, req I F) standard, so as to realize the structural constraint on demand contents in the demand modeling process and support the complete expression of the demand contents in a demand model.
Of course, it is not necessary for any one product to practice the invention to achieve all of the advantages set forth above at the same time.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of supporting modeling and evaluation of the integrity of complex system requirements in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a template constraint embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the construction of the requirement integrity evaluation criteria according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
1-3, The present invention is a method for supporting modeling and evaluation of the integrity of a complex system requirement, comprising the steps of;
Step one, constructing a Chinese general demand template;
Combining a Chinese general demand template with a demand modeling standard Req I F;
step three, constraint is carried out on attribute contents of the demand items based on a Chinese general demand template;
Step four, constructing a demand model;
Step five, constructing a demand integrity evaluation criterion;
Step six, evaluating the integrity of the attribute content of the requirement item;
And step seven, modifying the content which does not meet the requirements to a template meeting the requirements.
In a first step, a Chinese general demand template is provided based on EARS demand templates, and the specific contents are as follows:
(1) The ubiquitous need to describe the functions or behaviors that the system or entity should continue to perform at any time, the template structure is < system name > should < system response >;
(2) Event-driven requirements describing the response behavior of a system or entity upon the occurrence of a particular triggering event, which is dependent upon the occurrence of a certain event or condition; the template structure is that when < optional precondition > < trigger > < system name > should < system response >;
(3) Unwanted behavior describing countermeasures that the system should take when encountering errors, faults, or deviations from the intended user behavior; the template structure is that if < optional precondition > < trigger >, then < system name > should < system response >; for example, if a sensor fails, the autopilot system should immediately notify the driver and switch to manual drive mode;
(4) A state-driven requirement describing an operation or behavior that the system or entity should perform in a particular state; the template structure is that when the automobile is in a high-speed running state, the automatic driving system should automatically keep a safe following distance;
(5) The system comprises a template structure, a matching function requirement and a template structure, wherein the template structure is used for describing a response of a system when the system has specific characteristics or functions;
(6) By combining the templates, the complex demand content is further constrained,
The template structure is that when < in a specific state > if < optional precondition > < trigger > < system name > should < system response > < if < optional precondition > < trigger > < system response > < if the system is in a specific state, < if sensor is out of order, the autopilot system should immediately notify the driver and switch to manual drive mode;
Event driven demand + unwanted behavior describing countermeasures that the system should take when encountering an error, malfunction or deviation from the intended user behavior when a particular trigger event occurs; the template structure is that when the < optional precondition 1> < trigger > is that if the < optional precondition 2> < trigger >, the < system name > should be that the system responds >;
State driven requirements + event driven requirements describing the response behavior when a specific trigger event occurs when the system is in a specific state; the template structure is that when the automobile is in a high-speed running state, an obstacle in front is detected, and the automatic driving system is automatically decelerated and bypasses;
The template structure is that < optional precondition 1> < trigger > < optional precondition 2> < trigger > < system name > should < system response > < for example, when the automobile is in a high-speed driving state, an obstacle in front is detected, if the sensor fails at this time, the automatic driving system should slow down and inform the driver of manual intervention.
In the second step, in the requirement exchange format Req I F, a requirement item SpecObject refers to a single requirement, and the content of the requirement is described by defining attributes, so that a Chinese general requirement template is combined with the attribute content definition of the requirement item SpecObject to support the construction of the attribute content of the requirement item under the constraint of the Chinese general requirement template.
In the third step, constraint is carried out on attribute contents of demand items in a demand model based on the Req IF standard according to a Chinese general demand TEMPLATE to ensure that the attribute contents conform to the specification of the TEMPLATE, wherein the constraint comprises keyword constraint and structural constraint, wherein 'TEMPLATE_ STRI NG' refers to a placeholder of the TEMPLATE, is a variable of a character string type, is replaced according to actual demand contents of complex equipment, and specific contents of the TEMPLATE constraint are shown in a table II in figure 2.
A method for supporting the integral modeling and evaluation of the requirement of a complex system includes such steps as modeling the requirement by adopting the Req I F standard, defining requirement items, defining a group of attributes for each requirement item, such as requirement ID, requirement name, requirement description, priority and source, and constructing the attribute contents of the requirement items under the constraint of Chinese universal requirement template, such as for the requirement description attribute, and restricting the requirement description attribute contents by using Chinese universal requirement template.
In the fifth step, a requirement integrity evaluation criterion is constructed by adopting a natural language processing technology and a regular expression matching technology based on a Chinese general requirement template, wherein the criterion is shown in a table III (regular expression) in figure 3, and the regular expression indicates that character strings with any length can be matched.
In a sixth step, the method for supporting the modeling and evaluation of the integrity of the requirements of the complex system evaluates whether the requirement content in the requirement model accords with a Chinese general requirement template or not, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1. And extracting attribute contents of the demand items in the demand model.
2. And analyzing the extracted attribute content by using natural language processing technology.
3. And matching the analysis result with a requirement integrity evaluation criterion. If it matches a certain template evaluation criterion, it is marked as conforming to that template, and if it does not match any template, it is marked as not conforming to any template.
In a seventh step, the attribute content of the demand item which does not meet any demand integrity evaluation criterion is highlighted, and an evaluation result is output at a control console, wherein a user 'the demand does not meet any demand template |' modifies the demand content according to error prompt until the demand meets a Chinese general demand template.
In the description of the present specification, the descriptions of the terms "one embodiment," "example," "specific example," and the like, mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended only to assist in the explanation of the invention. The preferred embodiments are not exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and the full scope and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. A method for supporting the modeling and evaluation of the demand integrity of a complex system is characterized by comprising the following steps of;
Step one, constructing a Chinese general demand template;
combining a Chinese general demand template with a demand modeling standard Req IF;
step three, constraint is carried out on attribute contents of the demand items based on a Chinese general demand template;
Step four, constructing a demand model;
Step five, constructing a demand integrity evaluation criterion;
Step six, evaluating the integrity of the attribute content of the requirement item;
And step seven, modifying the content which does not meet the requirements to a template meeting the requirements.
2. The method for supporting modeling and evaluation of complex system demand integrity according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, a chinese general demand template is proposed based on EARS demand templates, which comprises the following specific contents:
(1) The ubiquitous need to describe the functions or behaviors that the system or entity should continue to perform at any time, the template structure is < system name > should < system response >;
(2) Event-driven requirements describing the response behavior of a system or entity upon the occurrence of a particular triggering event, which is dependent upon the occurrence of a certain event or condition; the template structure is that when < optional precondition > < trigger > < system name > should < system response >;
(3) Unwanted behavior describing countermeasures that the system should take when encountering errors, faults, or deviations from the intended user behavior; the template structure is that if < optional precondition > < trigger >, then < system name > should < system response >; for example, if a sensor fails, the autopilot system should immediately notify the driver and switch to manual drive mode;
(4) A state-driven requirement describing an operation or behavior that the system or entity should perform in a particular state; the template structure is that when the automobile is in a high-speed running state, the automatic driving system should automatically keep a safe following distance;
(5) The system comprises a template structure, a matching function requirement and a template structure, wherein the template structure is used for describing a response of a system when the system has specific characteristics or functions;
(6) By combining the templates, the complex demand content is further constrained,
The template structure is that when < in a specific state > if < optional precondition > < trigger > < system name > should < system response > < if < optional precondition > < trigger > < system response > < if the system is in a specific state, < if sensor is out of order, the autopilot system should immediately notify the driver and switch to manual drive mode;
Event driven demand + unwanted behavior describing countermeasures that the system should take when encountering an error, malfunction or deviation from the intended user behavior when a particular trigger event occurs; the template structure is that when the < optional precondition 1> < trigger > is that if the < optional precondition 2> < trigger >, the < system name > should be that the system responds >;
State driven requirements + event driven requirements describing the response behavior when a specific trigger event occurs when the system is in a specific state; the template structure is that when the automobile is in a high-speed running state, an obstacle in front is detected, and the automatic driving system is automatically decelerated and bypasses;
The template structure is that < optional precondition 1> < trigger > < optional precondition 2> < trigger > < system name > should < system response > < for example, when the automobile is in a high-speed driving state, an obstacle in front is detected, if the sensor fails at this time, the automatic driving system should slow down and inform the driver of manual intervention.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step two, in the requirement exchange format Req IF, the requirement entry SpecObject refers to a single requirement, and the content of the requirement is described by defining attributes, so that the chinese generic requirement template is combined with the attribute content definition of the requirement entry SpecObject to support the construction of the requirement entry attribute content under the constraint of the chinese generic requirement template.
4. The method for supporting the modeling and evaluation of the demand integrity of the complex system according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, according to a Chinese general demand TEMPLATE, the attribute content of a demand item in a demand model based on the Req IF standard is constrained to ensure that the demand item meets the specification of the TEMPLATE, wherein the constraint comprises a keyword constraint and a structural constraint, wherein 'TEMPLATE_STRING' refers to a placeholder of the TEMPLATE, is a variable of a character STRING type, is replaced according to the actual demand content of the complex equipment, and the specific content of the TEMPLATE constraint is as shown in a second table.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step four, the requirements are modeled using Req IF criteria, a requirement entry is defined, a set of attributes such as a requirement ID, a requirement name, a requirement description, a priority, a source, etc. are defined for each requirement entry, and the attribute contents of the requirement entry are constructed under the constraint of a Chinese generic requirement template, such as for the requirement description attributes, the constraint of the requirement description attribute contents is performed using a Chinese generic requirement template.
6. The method for supporting the modeling and evaluation of the demand integrity of the complex system according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, a demand integrity evaluation criterion is constructed by adopting a natural language processing technology and a regular expression matching technology based on a Chinese general demand template, wherein the criterion is as shown in the table three (regular expression is used for indicating that character strings with any length can be matched).
7. The method for supporting modeling and evaluation of complex system demand integrity according to claim 1, wherein in step six, the evaluation of whether the demand content in the demand model meets the Chinese universal demand template comprises:
1. And extracting attribute contents of the demand items in the demand model.
2. And analyzing the extracted attribute content by using natural language processing technology.
3. And matching the analysis result with a requirement integrity evaluation criterion. If it matches a certain template evaluation criterion, it is marked as conforming to that template, and if it does not match any template, it is marked as not conforming to any template.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein in step seven, the attribute content of the requirement item which does not meet any requirement integrity evaluation criterion is highlighted, and the evaluation result is output at the console, wherein the user modifies the requirement content according to the error prompt, until the requirement meets the Chinese general requirement template.
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