CN119019203A

CN119019203A - A soil conditioner for repairing soil and its application

Info

Publication number: CN119019203A
Application number: CN202411112152.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 梅晓洁; 方宁; 郭亚丽; 吴文庆
Original assignee: Shanghai Investigation Design and Research Institute Co Ltd SIDRI
Current assignee: Shanghai Investigation Design and Research Institute Co Ltd SIDRI
Priority date: 2024-08-14
Filing date: 2024-08-14
Publication date: 2024-11-26

Abstract

The application relates to the field of soil improvement, in particular to a soil conditioner for repairing soil and a use method thereof, wherein the soil conditioner comprises a nutrient substrate and soil according to the proportion of 0.5-1.5: 4-6, and broadcasting arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi strains. Eradicating overground parts after seedling cultivation, and uniformly mixing underground root systems with soil matrixes to obtain the soil; the soil conditioner is enriched with naturally recruited beneficial microorganisms such as streptomyces, bacillus, lysobacter, pseudomonas, chitin-phagous bacteria, pseudomonas and mycorrhizal symbiota formed by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and root systems. The application also provides application of the soil conditioner in soil remediation, and the use amount of the soil conditioner is 5-25%. When plant seedlings are sown or transplanted, strigolactone with the concentration of 1 mug/L is sprayed on the root surface of the seedlings so as to strengthen the rapid colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi hyphae in soil matrixes. The soil conditioner provided by the application can be used for one-time or multi-time use in polluted soil and saline-alkali soil which need to be repaired and barren soil which is cultivated continuously, and is beneficial to improving soil organic matters, improving soil structure, recruiting beneficial microorganisms of soil and reducing plant diseases and insect pests.

Description

Soil conditioner for restoring soil and application thereof

Technical Field

The specification relates to the field of soil improvement, in particular to a soil conditioner for repairing damaged soil and application thereof, and the soil conditioner can be used for repairing and improving polluted soil, saline-alkali soil and barren soil of continuous cultivation.

Background

As agricultural land area of China is 8% of the world land area, with the continuous improvement of agricultural productivity and land utilization rate, the increasingly unreasonable artificial activities are not only changing and deteriorating the soil properties, but also introducing some synthetic organic compounds and pollutants such as heavy metals into the soil, so that the soil is seriously damaged and the soil degradation is increasingly aggravated. In recent years, global crisis such as soil acidification, salinization, heavy metal pollution and fertility reduction have been reported to be increasing. Therefore, the need for improvement and repair of damaged soil is also increasing.

Soil amendment is one of effective methods for repairing degraded soil and improving soil environment. The soil conditioner can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, increase the nutrients of the soil and improve the diversity of soil microbial communities, thereby improving the productivity of degraded soil. Soil amendments are various in variety, and the soil restoration effect of different amendments is different. Such as improvement of acidified soil by adding Shi Jianxing fertilizer and optimizing cultivation mode; saline-alkali soil improvement is carried out by changing water conservancy conditions to wash away salt in soil or adding acid and alkali to reduce the effectiveness of harmful salt ions in soil; the heavy metal contaminated soil reduces the heavy metal content of the soil by controlling the pollution source and the foreign soil dilution method.

The biological improvement technology mainly utilizes soil microorganisms, animals, plants or additive materials to improve damaged soil, and common soil improvers comprise biological organic fertilizers, microbial agents, active materials and the like. Chinese patent CN112390691B discloses a soil conditioner and a preparation method, which is prepared from bamboo charcoal powder and organic fertilizer, and is mainly used for improving soil structure and relieving soil hardening; chinese patent CN113621376B discloses a soil conditioner, a preparation method thereof and a soil conditioning method, which is formed by combining biochar, silicon fertilizer and tailing powder, and is used for reducing the content of heavy metals in soil. Chinese patent CN106478296B discloses a composite modifier for shallow-cultivated soil and its application, which is formed by combining quicklime, fly ash and fermented and decomposed cow dung and rapeseed cake, and is used for relieving soil acidification, improving soil aggregate structure and increasing soil nutrients. Chinese patent CN 111635763 discloses a soil improvement formulation and application thereof in apple planting, which improves the microbial activity of the soil by adding various microbial agents and biostimulants into the soil. The methods can improve the damage condition of the soil in a certain aspect, but have no good restoration effect on the composite damaged soil, or the composite damaged soil needs to be restored in a combined and cost-increasing mode. Therefore, there is a need for design and development of soil conditioner related products and technologies from the viewpoint of low cost, multifunction, green environmental protection.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the application provides a soil conditioner, which has multiple effects of superposing a nutrition matrix, naturally recruited beneficial microorganisms, externally added arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant hormones, and has remarkable effects on promoting plant nutrition growth, preventing plant soil-borne diseases, drought resistance, alkali resistance and other environmental stresses. The method has the advantages of low raw material cost, repeated iterative use, environmental friendliness and no secondary pollution risk, and is suitable for improvement and restoration of green (forest) land or protective forest with damaged soil or potential pollution sources.

The application provides a soil conditioner, which is prepared by mixing a nutrient substrate with soil to obtain a soil substrate, broadcasting arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus strains in the substrate, eradicating overground parts after seedling culture, and uniformly mixing underground root systems with the soil; the soil conditioner is enriched with naturally recruited beneficial microorganisms and mycorrhizal symbiota formed by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and root systems.

The application also provides a method for repairing soil, and the use amount of the soil conditioner is 5-25%. When plant seedlings are sown or transplanted, strigolactone with the concentration of 1 mug/L is sprayed on the root surface of the seedlings so as to strengthen the rapid colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi hyphae in soil matrixes.

The application provides application of the soil conditioner or the method for repairing soil in any one of the following: improving the quality status quo of barren soil; promoting the adsorption and degradation of pollutants in the polluted soil; improving the capability of plants to resist drought, saline-alkali and other environmental stresses, pathogen invasion and other biological stresses.

Benefits provided by embodiments of the present description include, but are not limited to: (1) The plant root system grown by the soil using the soil conditioner is more developed and the stem is thicker; (2) Soil beneficial microorganisms are recruited by using the soil conditioner, so that nutrient absorption of plant roots is promoted; (3) Preventing plant soil-borne diseases and resisting drought, saline-alkali and other environmental stresses; (4) Heavy metals in soil are adsorbed and stabilized, and environmental risks are reduced.

Drawings

The application will be further described by way of exemplary embodiments, which will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are not limiting, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a representation of rice growth traits according to some embodiments of the application.

Detailed Description

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present specification, the drawings that are required to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below. It is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some examples or embodiments of the present specification, and it is possible for those of ordinary skill in the art to apply the present specification to other similar situations according to the drawings without inventive effort. Unless otherwise apparent from the context of the language or otherwise specified, like reference numerals in the figures refer to like structures or operations.

As used in this specification and the claims, the terms "a," "an," "the," and/or "the" are not specific to a singular, but may include a plurality, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In general, the terms "comprises" and "comprising" merely indicate that the steps and elements are explicitly identified, and they do not constitute an exclusive list, as other steps or elements may be included in a method or apparatus.

A flowchart is used in this specification to describe the operations performed by the system according to embodiments of the present specification. It should be appreciated that the preceding or following operations are not necessarily performed in order precisely. Rather, the steps may be processed in reverse order or simultaneously. Also, other operations may be added to or removed from these processes.

In some embodiments, the beneficial microorganism may include: streptomyces, bacillus, lysobacter, micromonospora, chitin-phagostimulant, pseudomonas and Rhizopus; in some embodiments, preferably, the content of the streptomyces, bacillus, lysobacter, pseudomonas, chitin-phaga, pseudomonas and ascomycetes in the microorganism may be 7wt% to 9wt%, 5wt% to 7wt%, 3wt% to 4wt%, 2wt% to 3wt%, 2wt% to 4wt%, 1wt% to 2wt% and 0.5wt% to 1.5wt%, respectively, based on the total weight of the microorganism; in some embodiments, more preferably, the content of the streptomyces, bacillus, lysobacter, pseudomonas, chitin-phaga, pseudomonas and rhizoby-cyst may be 7.7wt% to 8.5wt%, 5.2wt% to 6.5wt%, 3.3wt% to 3.5wt%, 2.4wt% to 2.5wt%, 2.1wt% to 3.4wt%, 1.2wt% to 1.8wt% and 0.6wt% to 1.2wt%, respectively, based on the total weight of the microorganism; in some embodiments, it is further preferred that the content of streptomyces, bacillus, lysobacter, pseudomonas, chitin-phaga, pseudomonas and ascomycetes in the microorganism may be 7.7wt%, 5.2wt%, 3.3wt%, 2.5wt%, 2.1wt%, 1.3wt% and 0.8wt%, respectively, based on the total weight of the microorganism.

In some embodiments, the nutrient substrate has a water content of 45wt% or less, an organic content of 30wt% or more, a humus content of 15wt% or more, and a nutrient content of 3wt% or more; in some embodiments, it is preferred that the organic content may be 60wt%, the humus content may be 25wt%, and the nutrient content may be 5wt%; in some embodiments, preferably, the nutrient substrate may be prepared by fermenting organic solid waste with garden waste. In some embodiments, the nutrient may be nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. In some embodiments, more preferably, the organic solid waste may be kitchen waste or domestic sludge.

In some embodiments, the nutrient substrate and planting soil may be in the range of 0.5 to 1.5: mixing the materials according to the mass ratio of 4 to 6. In some embodiments, the nutrient substrate and planting soil may be in the range of 0.75 to 1.25: mixing the materials according to the mass ratio of 4.25-5.75. In some embodiments, the nutrient substrate and planting soil may be in the range of 1 to 1.25:4.5 to 5.5 mass percent. In some embodiments, the nutrient substrate and planting soil may be in the range of 1 to 1.25: mixing the materials according to the mass ratio of 4.75-5. In some embodiments, preferably, the nutrient substrate and planting soil may be mixed according to 1:6 mass ratio.

The application also provides a method for repairing soil, wherein the soil conditioner is added into the soil. In some embodiments, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi strains with spore densities of 100 spores/g are sprayed in the soil matrix and are obtained by pre-propagation. In some embodiments, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi strains are uniformly mixed with the soil with the surface layer of 10-20 cm, and can be uniformly scattered on a seedbed to cover the soil matrix with the thickness of 10-20 cm. The application also provides application of the soil conditioner in soil remediation, wherein the mass ratio of the soil conditioner to the soil to be remediated is (1-2): 4-8, and mixing uniformly. When the crop seedlings are sown or transplanted, strigolactone with the concentration of 1 mug/L is sprayed on the surface of the pre-germinated seeds or the roots of the seedlings, so that the rapid colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a soil matrix is promoted. Preferably, the nutrient substrate and the soil substrate may be mixed according to 1:5 mass ratio.

In some embodiments, the soil conditioner may be used in an amount of 5% to 25% based on the weight of soil used; in some embodiments, the soil amendment may be used in an amount of 7% to 23% of the soil based on the weight of the soil used. In some embodiments, the soil amendment may be used in an amount of 9% to 21% of the soil based on the weight of the soil used. In some embodiments, the soil amendment may be used in an amount of 11% to 19% of the soil based on the weight of the soil used. In some embodiments, the soil amendment may be used in an amount of 13% to 17% of the soil based on the weight of the soil used. In some embodiments, the soil amendment may be used in an amount of 15% to 17% of the soil based on the weight of the soil used. In some embodiments, the soil amendment is preferably used in an amount of 20% of the soil based on the weight of soil used.

In some embodiments, the soil may be damaged soil. In some embodiments, it is preferred that the soil may be contaminated soil, saline-alkali soil, or continuously cultivated barren soil.

The application also provides application of the soil conditioner or the method for repairing soil in any one of the following: improving the quality status quo of barren soil; promoting the adsorption and degradation of pollutants in the polluted soil; improving the capability of plants to resist drought, saline-alkali and other environmental stresses, pathogen invasion and other biological stresses.

The experimental methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The test materials used in the examples described below, unless otherwise specified, were purchased from conventional Biochemical reagent companies. The quantitative tests in the following examples were all set up in triplicate and the results averaged.

Examples

(1) The kitchen waste biogas residues and garden waste crushed materials after anaerobic digestion and deep dehydration are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:0.05, and decomposing for 10-15 days at high temperature under the aerobic condition, wherein the temperature is higher than 55 ℃ for 4-6 days, so as to realize the rapid degradation and stabilization of perishable organic matters and the effective killing of pathogenic bacteria;

(2) Further aging the decomposed product for 15-20 days to enrich the biological humus. This step yields a nutrient-rich matrix; the nutrient substrate with the water content less than or equal to 45%, the organic matter content of 55%, the humus content of 25% and the nutrient content of 7.5% is obtained.

(3) Mixing the nutrient substrate with planting soil 1:6, mixing and broadcasting arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus strains with spore density of 100/g in matrix soil.

(4) Selecting full and uniform corn seeds, carrying out dark germination acceleration for 48 hours at 25 ℃, then implanting the corn seeds into the soil matrix, after 20-30 days of seedling culture, removing overground parts, smashing and uniformly mixing underground parts and the soil matrix, and carrying out proper airing to obtain the soil conditioner A.

(5) And (3) the obtained soil conditioner and the soil to be repaired are subjected to the following mass ratio of 1:5, mixing, transplanting the well-cultivated rice seedlings, and spraying strigolactone with the concentration of 1 mug/L on the root system while transplanting. Reasonable field management including watering, weeding, proper fertilization and the like is carried out, and after a period of time, the growth conditions of a control group and an experimental group are observed, as shown in figure 1. It can be seen that the soil using soil conditioner A developed a more developed root system of rice. In addition, the soil root microorganisms of the experimental group and the control group are detected by microbial community structures, and the soil of the experimental group contains 7.7% of streptomycete, 5.2% of bacillus, 3.3% of lysobacter, 2.5% of pseudomonas, 2.1% of chitin-forming bacteria, 1.3% by weight of pseudomonas and 0.8% by weight of rhizopus, and 7 spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi per gram of soil. These bacteria and fungi are all functional microorganisms in the soil that are involved in carbon circulation, nutrient metabolism and biological control. Only small amounts of streptomyces and lysobacter (< 1%) were detected compared to unmodified soil. It can be seen that the experimental group using soil conditioner a recruited a large number of functional microorganisms and promoted root development.

Claims

1. A soil conditioner, comprising: mixing a nutrient matrix with soil to obtain a soil matrix, spreading arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi strains in the matrix, eradicating the above-ground part after seedling cultivation, and uniformly mixing the underground roots with the soil to obtain the soil conditioner; the soil conditioner is enriched with naturally recruited beneficial microorganisms and mycorrhizal symbionts formed by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and root systems.

2. The soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that the beneficial microorganisms include Streptomyces, Bacillus, Lysobacterium, Micromonas, Chitinophage, Pseudomonas and Rhizocystis; among the beneficial microorganisms, based on the total weight of the beneficial microorganisms, the contents of Streptomyces, Bacillus, Lysobacterium, Micromonas, Chitinophage, Pseudomonas and Rhizocystis are 7wt% to 9wt%, 5wt% to 7wt%, 3wt% to 4wt%, 2wt% to 3wt%, 2wt% to 4wt%, 1wt% to 2wt% and 0.5wt% to 1wt%, respectively.

3. The soil conditioner according to claim 1 is characterized in that the nutrient matrix and the soil are mixed in a mass ratio of 0.5-1.5:4-6; in the nutrient matrix, the water content is ≤45wt%, the organic matter content is ≥30wt%, the humus content is ≥15wt%, and the nutrient content is ≥3wt%.

4. A method for repairing soil, characterized in that the soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is added to the soil.

5. The method for repairing soil according to claim 4, characterized in that the amount of the soil conditioner used in the soil is 5% to 25% based on the weight of the soil used.

6. The method for repairing soil according to claim 4, wherein the soil is damaged soil.

7. The use according to claim 4, characterized in that the amount of the soil conditioner used in the soil is 20% based on the weight of the soil used.

8. The method for soil remediation according to claim 4, characterized in that the soil is contaminated soil, saline-alkali soil or continuously cultivated barren soil.

9. The method for soil remediation according to claim 4, characterized in that when sowing or transplanting plant seedlings, a concentration of 1 μg/L of strigolactone is sprayed on the surface of the young roots to enhance the rapid colonization of arbuscular rhizobacterial hyphae in the soil matrix.

10. Use of the soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or the method for repairing soil according to any one of claims 4 to 9 in any of the following:

Increase soil organic matter and improve the quality of poor soil;

Promote the adsorption and degradation of pollutants in contaminated soil;

Improve the ability of plants to resist environmental stresses such as drought, salinity and alkali, as well as biological stresses such as pathogen invasion.