Background
Major trends in the design of off-highway machines include: compact equipment, reduced tank volume, increased power, increased drive gears, energy savings, etc. The corresponding aspects of the transmission oil mainly comprise prolonging the oil change period, reducing the vibration of the brake, increasing the dynamic friction coefficient, improving the oxidation stability, improving the friction durability, improving the wear resistance and the like. The hydraulic transmission oil used by the hydraulic transmission oil has the requirements of normal high-low temperature performance, electrohydraulic control pumpability (performance of hydraulic oil), viscosity stability (multi-stage oil), thermal oxidation stability (long oil change period), corrosion resistance and rubber compatibility (long oil change period), and the hydraulic transmission oil needs to ensure accurate and effective transmission torque of the gearbox, and relates to the lubricating performance of various gears in the gearbox, and the most core performance of the hydraulic transmission oil has the unique requirements of wear resistance and friction performance.
In terms of abrasion resistance, the requirements generally include that through a pump abrasion test, an FZG abrasion test and an FZG abrasion test, the loads born by the planetary gears, the helical gears, the bearings and the kinematic pairs in the clutch assembly in the mechanical gearbox in the hydraulic torque converter are large, the working temperature of hydraulic transmission oil is high, the viscosity is low, the hydraulic transmission oil is required to have good abrasion resistance in order to avoid abrasion of the kinematic pairs, and various abrasion resistance additives are generally added into the hydraulic transmission oil, so that the hydraulic transmission oil is guaranteed to have good abrasion resistance.
The friction performance is generally judged by an SAE NO.2 tester whether the dynamic and static friction coefficients are in a proper range or not. Friction characteristics are an important property of hydraulic transmission oil, and the dynamic friction coefficient and the static friction coefficient of the hydraulic transmission oil are required to be matched, and generally the dynamic friction coefficient has an influence on the starting torque; if the dynamic friction coefficient is too small, the gear shifting time can be prolonged, and slipping can occur when the friction plates are attached, especially when the torque transmission is large; if the static friction coefficient is larger than the dynamic friction coefficient, the torque in the final stage of gear shifting can be increased sharply, screaming is generated, gear shifting can feel a sense of setback, but the torque can be transmitted better, and the static friction coefficient is not excessively large in consideration of the driving sense of staff, so that the excellent torque transmission performance is ensured, and meanwhile, the driving sense is better.
In general, the antiwear property and friction property of an oil product are a pair of contradictory properties, and the static friction coefficient is reduced while the antiwear property of the oil product is improved; when the friction characteristics are improved, the static friction coefficient needs to be improved, which leads to deterioration of the abrasion resistance. Balancing the abrasion resistance and friction characteristics, especially improving the static friction coefficient to a certain extent, is a great difficulty in the industry.
In addition, most engineering machinery works outdoors, and the gas in the field environment has stronger corrosiveness or smoke dust is heavier, so that under the attack of rainwater and moisture and the attack of corrosive gas and smoke dust, the engineering machinery is worn and corroded. A large amount of acidic substances can be generated in the high-temperature oxidation process of the lubricating oil, so that the copper-based clutch plate in the gearbox is easy to corrode; therefore, the hydraulic transmission oil has more severe requirements on rust resistance. In the wet heat experiment of using three sets of experimental pieces for the rust resistance of the product, which is required in CATERPILLAR TO-4 specifications, at least two pieces pass through 175 hours, and no more than 6 rust points on the surface of the experimental piece which does not pass through 175 hours are considered to pass the rust resistance test.
For hydraulic transmission oil, industry experts have studied how to improve static friction coefficient, balance abrasion resistance and friction characteristics, and improve rust resistance of products for many years, which is still a great difficulty. CN109097154a discloses a composition and a preparation method of hydraulic transmission oil, which mainly depend on sulfurized oleic acid polyol ester base oil to improve antiwear performance, but the influence of the composition on friction characteristics is not illustrated. CN117720960a discloses a preparation method of emission-reducing low-carbon hydraulic transmission oil, which mainly comprises zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate and laurylamine salt of benzotriazole phosphate, and has no balance of abrasion resistance and friction characteristics, and no rust resistance. CN111154540a discloses a compound hydraulic transmission oil, its preparation system and method, the technology mainly uses fatty acid ester, chlorinated paraffin polyol ester, graphite and the like to raise antiwear property of oil product, but such composition can greatly reduce static friction coefficient, and can bring great corrosion to equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides the hydraulic transmission oil complexing agent with high rust resistance for non-road equipment and the preparation method thereof, and the hydraulic transmission oil prepared by the complexing agent has excellent friction characteristics, friction durability, rust resistance and extreme pressure lubricating property, can meet various OEM specifications, and is suitable for different engineering machinery and mining machinery at different dosages.
The invention discloses a high rust resistance hydraulic transmission oil complexing agent for non-road equipment, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
10-30% of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, 8-25% of antirust agent, 3-15% of antioxidant, 3-10% of extreme pressure lubricant, 1-25% of dispersant, 20-70% of detergent, 2-6% of friction modifier and the balance of base oil.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the zinc dialkyldithiophosphates include at least one of zinc propyloctyl Zhong Ba alkyl dithiophosphate, zinc butyloctyl Zhong Ba alkyl dithiophosphate, zinc propylbutyloctyl Zhong Ba alkyl dithiophosphate, zinc octyl Zhong Ba alkyl dithiophosphate, zinc butylpentylmectyl Zhong Ba alkyl dithiophosphate, zinc propylhexyl Zhong Ba alkyl dithiophosphate, and the polar lubricant includes at least one of phosphate esters, amine salts of thiophosphates, ammonium salts of phosphates.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate is zinc propyloctyl Zhong Ba alkyl dithiophosphate and the polar lubricant is phosphate.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the rust inhibitors include at least one of sulfonate type rust inhibitors including at least one of barium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate, calcium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate, zinc dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate, and amine dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate, amide type rust inhibitors including at least one of stearic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, lauric acid, sebacic acid, and dimer acid, alkenyl succinic acid derivatives, and imidazoline type rust inhibitors including at least one of heptadecenyl imidazoline succinate.
As a further improvement of the invention, the rust inhibitor is a compound of sulfonate rust inhibitor, carboxylic acid rust inhibitor and alkenyl succinic acid and derivatives thereof or imidazoline rust inhibitor, and the weight ratio is as follows: sulfonate rust inhibitor: carboxylic acid rust inhibitor: alkenyl succinic acid and derivatives or imidazoline antirust agent (6-12) = (0.5-3): 0.5-4).
As a further improvement of the present invention, the antioxidant comprises at least one of butane, octyl diphenylamine, dinonyl diphenylamine, N-phenyl-alpha naphthylamine, isooctyl beta- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, 2.6-di-tert-butylphenol, 2.6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol.
As a further improvement of the invention, the antioxidant adopts the compounding of butyl, octyl diphenylamine and isooctyl beta- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate.
As a further improvement of the invention, the dispersant comprises at least one of high molecular weight polyisobutylene succinimides having PIB molecular weights Mn of 2300-2600.
As a further improvement of the invention, the detergent is at least one of high-base-number vulcanized calcium alkylphenol with TBN of 250-300, the friction modifier is sulfolane, and the base oil is one of neutral base oil, alkyl naphthalene and heavy alkylphenol.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the non-road equipment hydraulic transmission oil complexing agent with high rust resistance, which comprises the following steps:
Adding a dispersing agent and a detergent into a container, heating to 50-65 ℃ while stirring, and sequentially adding zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, an antirust agent, an antioxidant, a polar lubricant and a friction modifier; and (3) maintaining the temperature at 50-65 ℃, stirring for 2.5-3 hours, and filtering to obtain the non-road equipment hydraulic transmission oil complexing agent product with high rust resistance.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the hydraulic transmission oil prepared by the hydraulic transmission oil complexing agent has excellent extreme pressure, lubrication and antioxidant properties;
2. The hydraulic transmission oil complexing agent disclosed by the invention has excellent antirust performance through the synergistic combination of different antirust agents, and can meet the antirust requirements in a damp-heat environment;
3. The hydraulic transmission oil prepared by the hydraulic transmission oil complexing agent has excellent friction characteristics, and the dynamic and static friction coefficient ratio is in a section suitable for the hydraulic transmission oil, namely, the static friction coefficient/dynamic friction coefficient=1.1-1.3;
4. the hydraulic transmission oil complexing agent achieves the balance of extreme pressure wear resistance and friction characteristics through the compounding of ZDDP, an extreme pressure lubricant and a friction modifier, so that a gear system of a gearbox can bear higher torque impact and ensure stable torque transmission.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The present invention is described in further detail below:
The invention provides a high rust resistance hydraulic transmission oil complexing agent for non-road equipment, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10-30% of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, 8-25% of antirust agent, 3-15% of antioxidant, 3-10% of extreme pressure lubricant, 1-25% of dispersant, 20-70% of detergent, 2-6% of friction modifier and the balance of base oil.
The zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate has excellent wear resistance and oxidation resistance, and can rapidly form a boundary adsorption film or a chemical reaction film under the conditions of low speed and heavy load or impact load of a gear mechanism so as to prevent tooth surfaces from being worn, scratched and glued, and simultaneously inhibit the generation of paint films and oil sludge of hydraulic transmission oil. The zinc dialkyldithiophosphates used in the present invention include at least one of zinc propyloctyl Zhong Ba alkyl dithiophosphate, zinc butyloctyl Zhong Ba alkyl dithiophosphate, zinc propylbutyloctyl Zhong Ba alkyl dithiophosphate, zinc octyl Zhong Ba alkyl dithiophosphate, zinc butylpentylmectyl Zhong Ba alkyl dithiophosphate, zinc propylhexyl Zhong Ba alkyl dithiophosphate, preferably zinc dialkyldithiophosphate zinc propyloctyl Zhong Ba alkyl dithiophosphate.
The antirust agent is used for protecting metals from being corroded, and particularly can keep excellent antirust performance when contaminated water enters a lubricating system for oil products; so as to protect the rust resistance of gears, gearbox shells and other parts inside the gearbox. The rust inhibitor used in the invention comprises at least one of sulfonate rust inhibitors, amide rust inhibitors, carboxylic acids, alkenyl succinic acid derivatives and imidazoline rust inhibitors; the sulfonate antirust agent comprises at least one of barium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate, calcium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate, zinc dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate and amine dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate, the carboxylic antirust agent comprises at least one of stearic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, lauric acid, sebacic acid and dimer acid, and the imidazoline antirust agent comprises at least one of heptadecenyl imidazoline succinate. Furthermore, in order to ensure the rust resistance of the oil product in a damp-heat environment, the rust inhibitor selected by the invention is the compound of sulfonate rust inhibitor, carboxylic acid and alkenyl succinic acid derivatives or imidazoline rust inhibitor, so as to achieve the excellent rust resistance in the damp-heat environment; the weight ratio of the components is as follows: sulfonate rust inhibitor: carboxylic acid rust inhibitor: alkenyl succinic acid and derivatives or imidazoline antirust agent (6-12) = (0.5-3): 0.5-4).
The antioxidant is used for improving the oxidation resistance and ageing resistance of hydraulic transmission oil, reducing the generation trend of oil sludge and paint films and prolonging the service life of the hydraulic transmission oil. The antioxidant used in the invention comprises at least one of butyl, octyl diphenylamine, dinonyl diphenylamine, N-phenyl-alpha naphthylamine, isooctyl beta- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, 2.6-di-tert-butylphenol and 2.6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and preferably the antioxidant adopts the compounding of butyl, octyl diphenylamine and isooctyl beta- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate.
The extreme pressure lubricant is used for providing extreme pressure lubrication, and is required to have strong adsorption effect aiming at a gear system in a gearbox so as to ensure sufficient lubrication performance of equipment. The polar lubricant used in the present invention includes at least one of phosphate, amine salt of thiophosphate, thiophosphate and ammonium salt of phosphate, and preferably, the polar lubricant is phosphate.
The dispersant disclosed by the invention is used for meeting the cleaning dispersibility requirement of oil products under high and low temperature conditions, inhibiting the generation of carbon deposition and paint films on the surfaces of torque converters and hydraulic system vane pumps, and effectively controlling the increase of the viscosity of tractor oil. In addition, the friction characteristic of the oil product can be effectively improved, and the gear shifting feeling of the automobile is improved. The dispersant used in the present invention includes at least one of high molecular weight polyisobutylene succinimide (PIB molecular weight Mn 2300 to 2600).
The detergent disclosed by the invention is used for neutralizing acidic oxidation products and acidic colloid generated by high-temperature oxidation in oil, has excellent high-temperature detergency and thermal stability, can timely clean paint films and sediments on the surfaces of a torque converter, a shaft body and a hydraulic system vane pump, and can effectively control the increase of the viscosity of the tractor oil. The detergent used in the invention is at least one of high-base number vulcanized calcium alkylphenol (250-300 TBN).
The friction improver is used for adjusting dynamic friction coefficient and static friction coefficient of hydraulic transmission oil so as to ensure that the friction coefficient is in proper distribution, further ensure that the oil is accurate and free from slipping when torque is transmitted, and simultaneously have no larger clamping and stopping, thereby providing more comfortable gear shifting feeling. The friction modifier used in the present invention is sulfolane.
The base oil is one of neutral base oil, alkyl naphthalene and heavy alkylphenol.
The invention provides a preparation method of a high rust resistance non-road equipment hydraulic transmission oil complexing agent, which comprises the following steps:
Adding a dispersing agent and a detergent into a container, heating to 50-65 ℃ while stirring, and sequentially adding zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, an antirust agent, an antioxidant, a polar lubricant and a friction modifier; and (3) maintaining the temperature at 50-65 ℃, stirring for 2.5-3 hours, and filtering to obtain the non-road equipment hydraulic transmission oil complexing agent product with high rust resistance.
Examples:
The hydraulic transmission oil of the non-road equipment is prepared based on the formula of the hydraulic transmission oil complexing agent disclosed in the following examples, and the oil mixing formula is as follows: 6.5% of complexing agent, 31% of base oil of 150N of table plastic II, 62.2% of base oil of SK-6 of III and 0.3% of PMA type pour point depressant; on the basis, 200ppm of methacrylate anti-foaming agent is additionally added.
The composition ratios of the hydraulic power transmission oil compound of examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 1, based on 100 parts by weight of the total mass.
TABLE 1
The hydraulic transmission oil samples prepared by the hydraulic transmission oil complexing agent in examples 1-3 are subjected to an antioxidant performance test, and the oxidation induction period of the samples is tested according to an SH/T0719-PDSC method respectively, and the longer the time is, the better the antioxidant performance is; the oxidation stability of the lubricating oil is measured by a CEC L-48-00-DKA oxidation method (160 ℃), and the smaller the viscosity change rate is, the smaller the acid value increase value is, the better the oxidation stability is; the test results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the formulation of table 1 and the test results of table 2, the oxidation results of PDSC and DKA compounded with t, octyl diphenylamine, and isooctyl β - (3, 5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate in example 3 are better than those of examples 1 and 2, indicating that the two antioxidants are compounded with better synergistic effect.
The composition ratios of the hydraulic-transmission oil compound of examples 4 to 10 are shown in Table 3, and the composition ratios of the hydraulic-transmission oil compound of examples 11 to 18 are shown in Table 4, based on 100 parts by total mass.
TABLE 3 Table 3
TABLE 4 Table 4
The rust resistance test is carried out on the hydraulic transmission oil samples prepared by the hydraulic transmission oil complexing agent in the examples 4-18, the rust resistance of the samples under the wet and hot conditions is tested according to the OEM test method CEMS BT-9-2001, and in the wet and hot experiments of the three sets of experimental parts, at least two samples pass through 175 hours, and the number of rust points on the surface of the experimental part which does not pass through 175 hours is not more than 6, so that the samples pass the rust resistance test; the test results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5
| Sample of |
Example 4 |
Example 5 |
Example 6 |
Example 7 |
Example 8 |
| Rust prevention results |
Failed to pass |
Failed to pass |
Failed to pass |
Failed to pass |
Failed to pass |
| Sample of |
Example 9 |
Example 10 |
Example 11 |
Example 12 |
Example 13 |
| Rust prevention results |
Failed to pass |
Failed to pass |
By passing through |
Failed to pass |
Failed to pass |
| Sample of |
Example 14 |
Example 15 |
Example 16 |
Example 17 |
Example 18 |
| Rust prevention results |
Failed to pass |
By passing through |
Failed to pass |
By passing through |
Failed to pass |
From the formulations of tables 3 and 4 and the test results of table 5, it is clear that either the calcium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate, dimer acid, heptadecenyl imidazoline succinate alone, or both rust inhibitors formulated, failed the wet rust test; three rust inhibitors are compounded, and the compounding proportion is sulfonate rust inhibitor: carboxylic acid rust inhibitor: the imidazoline antirust agent= (6-12): (0.5-3): (0.5-4) achieves the best antirust performance, and can pass the test because the three antirust agents can achieve excellent complexation and adsorption with a test piece when compounded in a proper proportion, and can have excellent antirust performance under the damp-heat condition.
The composition ratios of the hydraulic power transmission oil compound of examples 11, 19 to 24 based on 100 parts by total mass are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6
The extreme pressure performance and friction characteristics of the hydraulic transmission oil samples prepared from the hydraulic transmission oil complexing agents of examples 11 and 19-24 were tested, and according to GB/T3142-determination of the bearing capacity of the lubricant (four ball machine method), the maximum seizure-free load of the samples was determined, as a result, PB (kg), the larger the value of which was, the better the bearing capacity performance was; according to the Allison C4 Paper Friction Test, the dynamic friction coefficient and the static friction coefficient of the oil sample are measured, and when the static friction coefficient/dynamic friction coefficient=1.1-1.3, the oil product can better transmit torque, and gear shifting is free from jamming; the test results are shown in Table 7.
TABLE 7
| Sample name |
PB,kg |
Coefficient of static friction/coefficient of dynamic friction |
| Example 11 |
107 |
1.0~1.2 |
| Example 19 |
135 |
1.1~1.2 |
| Example 20 |
114 |
1.0~1.3 |
| Example 21 |
121 |
0.8~1.2 |
| Example 22 |
135 |
0.9~1.1 |
| Example 23 |
135 |
1.0~1.3 |
| Example 24 |
117 |
1.0~1.1 |
It is known from the formulation of table 6 and the test results of table 7 that zinc alkyldithiophosphate using propyloctyl Zhong Ba has excellent extreme pressure property and friction property based on the test results of examples 11, 19, 20; based on the test results of examples 19, 21 and 22, the PB value of the phosphate is obviously reduced, the friction characteristic of the phosphate amine salt is poorer because of the competitive adsorption effect of the phosphate and the propyloctyl Zhong Ba alkyl dithiophosphate zinc oil, and the static friction coefficient/dynamic friction coefficient ratio is obviously reduced because the phosphate amine salt can reduce the static friction coefficient of the oil, so that the propyloctyl Zhong Ba alkyl dithiophosphate zinc compound thiophosphate has better extreme pressure performance and friction characteristic in combination. Based on the test results of examples 19, 23 and 24, the reduction of the sulfolane content of the friction modifier reduces the ratio of the static friction coefficient to the dynamic friction coefficient, and the improvement of the PB value and the static friction coefficient to the dynamic friction coefficient of the sulfolane content of the friction modifier obviously reduces because the friction modifier can generate competitive adsorption with ZDDP (zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate) when the friction modifier is too high, thus reducing the extreme pressure performance and the static friction coefficient, and both Allison C4 and CATERPILLAR TO-4 require that the hydraulic transmission oil of non-road equipment have higher static friction coefficient.
Conclusion:
1. the hydraulic transmission oil prepared by the hydraulic transmission oil complexing agent has excellent extreme pressure, lubrication and antioxidant properties;
2. The hydraulic transmission oil complexing agent disclosed by the invention has excellent antirust performance through the synergistic combination of different antirust agents, and can meet the antirust requirements in a damp-heat environment;
3. The hydraulic transmission oil prepared by the hydraulic transmission oil complexing agent has excellent friction characteristics, and the dynamic and static friction coefficient ratio is in a section suitable for the hydraulic transmission oil, namely, the static friction coefficient/dynamic friction coefficient=1.1-1.3;
4. the hydraulic transmission oil complexing agent achieves the balance of extreme pressure wear resistance and friction characteristics through the compounding of ZDDP, an extreme pressure lubricant and a friction modifier, so that a gear system of a gearbox can bear higher torque impact and ensure stable torque transmission.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.