CN118937811A - A lightning comprehensive early warning method and system - Google Patents
A lightning comprehensive early warning method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种雷电综合预警方法及系统，包括：基于历史大气电场雷电活动信号、实时大气电场雷电活动信号，分别生成第一振幅频谱和第二振幅频谱；将第一振幅频谱的频段划分为多个连续子频段，并计算每个子频段的能量占总能量的第一比重，以获得预警电场频率范围；将第二振幅频谱的频段划分为与第一振幅频谱匹配的多个子频段，并计算相应的第二比重，基于此，结合预警电场频率范围和预设预警比重阈值，判定当前是否需要进行雷电预警，其中，在需要预警时，生成第一预警信息，并实时获取大气电场强度，生成第二预警信息，从而根据第一预警信息和第二预警信息，实现雷电综合预警。本发明有效降低了雷电预警的漏报率和误报率。
The present invention discloses a comprehensive lightning warning method and system, including: based on historical atmospheric electric field lightning activity signals and real-time atmospheric electric field lightning activity signals, respectively generating a first amplitude spectrum and a second amplitude spectrum; dividing the frequency band of the first amplitude spectrum into a plurality of continuous sub-bands, and calculating the first proportion of the energy of each sub-band to the total energy, so as to obtain the warning electric field frequency range; dividing the frequency band of the second amplitude spectrum into a plurality of sub-bands matching the first amplitude spectrum, and calculating the corresponding second proportion, based on which, combined with the warning electric field frequency range and the preset warning proportion threshold, it is determined whether a lightning warning is currently required, wherein, when a warning is required, a first warning information is generated, and the atmospheric electric field strength is obtained in real time, and a second warning information is generated, so as to realize a comprehensive lightning warning according to the first warning information and the second warning information. The present invention effectively reduces the missed alarm rate and the false alarm rate of lightning warning.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lightning early warning, and particularly relates to a lightning comprehensive early warning method and system.
Background
The atmospheric electric field instrument is special equipment for measuring the change of the atmospheric electrostatic field and early warning the occurrence of lightning in a non-directional mode. In the prior art, a lightning early warning method based on an atmospheric electric field instrument mainly adopts a threshold method, namely: the lightning intensity level is characterized using an electric field intensity threshold detected by an atmospheric electric field meter. However, although the atmospheric electric field instrument can reflect the activity condition of the local thundercloud in real time, the electric field instrument is unstable, the influence of the installation environment of the atmospheric electric field instrument on the atmospheric monitoring can not be distinguished, and the cloud flash and the ground flash can not be distinguished, so that the local influence of the atmospheric electric field at the periphery of the detection area can be detected, and the electric field intensity threshold value is used for early warning alone, so that the alarm has higher false alarm rate and false alarm rate.
In the process of realizing the invention, the inventor finds that the prior art discloses a parameter selection method of 3 lightning early warning methods such as a threshold method, a polarity inversion method, an electric field jump method and the like which are commonly used when a single-station atmospheric electric field instrument carries out lightning early warning, a detection method of early warning hit rate, miss report rate, early warning advance time and empty report rate, and provides a historical data of three-dimensional lightning and an atmospheric electric field, wherein the early warning hit rate obtained by detection adopts a linear weighted fusion method, so that a fusion algorithm for carrying out lightning early warning on the single-station atmospheric electric field instrument is formed, and the algorithm relies on the historical data and the positioning data to a great extent and has no applicability to the generated real-time data which is irregular data.
Secondly, the prior art discloses a background electric field which can track the non-thunderstorm time and changes slowly, eliminates the influence of noise on the judgment of sudden change of the electric field in the early stage of the thunderstorm, and provides a lightning early warning method with strong adaptability and high practicability for the areas with complex electric field environments and larger climate difference. Although the method can eliminate the influence of a part of background electric fields, the influence of a thundercloud background field cannot be fundamentally eliminated, and lightning early warning cannot be accurately performed.
Again, the prior art also discloses a lightning forecasting method and a system, the method comprising: reading latest electric field station measurement data and radar observation data of an electric field station, and establishing a lightning proximity prediction model according to the electric field station measurement data and the radar observation data; the lightning proximity prediction model establishment method comprises the following steps of: step a, setting an electric field amplitude threshold value and an electric field difference threshold value; step b, judging whether the read electric field station measurement data reach a set electric field amplitude threshold value or an electric field difference threshold value, and if the electric field station measurement data reach the set electric field amplitude threshold value or the electric field difference threshold value, executing the step c; c, judging whether radar observation data before the current moment reaches a preset threshold value, and executing the step d if the radar observation data reaches the preset threshold value; and d, generating a lightning early warning graphic-text product and sending out lightning early warning. The method realizes the early release of thunderstorm weather early warning, improves the capability and level of thunder forecasting early warning, but adopts only threshold thunder early warning, and leads to higher false alarm rate of thunder early warning.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a lightning comprehensive early warning method, including: generating a first amplitude spectrum based on the historical atmospheric electric field lightning activity signal; dividing the frequency band of the first amplitude frequency spectrum into a plurality of continuous sub-frequency bands, calculating the proportion of the energy of each sub-frequency band to the total energy, and marking the proportion as a first proportion, so that the frequency range of the early warning electric field is obtained by comparing each first proportion with a preset early warning proportion threshold value; acquiring an atmospheric electric field lightning activity signal within a preset time interval in real time, and generating a second amplitude spectrum; dividing the frequency band of the second amplitude spectrum into a plurality of sub-frequency bands matched with the first amplitude spectrum, calculating corresponding second specific gravity, and based on the frequency band, combining the early warning electric field frequency range and the preset early warning specific gravity threshold value, judging whether lightning early warning is needed currently, wherein when early warning is needed, generating first early warning information, acquiring the atmospheric electric field intensity in real time, and generating second early warning information, so that comprehensive early warning of lightning is realized according to the first early warning information and the second early warning information.
Preferably, the lightning comprehensive early warning method further comprises the following steps: and adopting a wavelet analysis method to respectively perform noise reduction treatment on the historical atmospheric electric field lightning activity signal and the atmospheric electric field lightning activity signal so as to generate a corresponding amplitude frequency spectrum by using the noise-reduced signal, thereby eliminating the influence of noise on a lightning comprehensive early warning result.
Preferably, in the step of generating the first amplitude spectrum based on the historical atmospheric electric field lightning activity signal, it comprises: and respectively analyzing and processing the historical atmospheric electric field lightning activity signal and the atmospheric electric field lightning activity signal by adopting a discrete Fourier analysis method, so as to obtain the first amplitude spectrum and the second amplitude spectrum.
Preferably, the step of obtaining the early warning electric field frequency range by comparing each first specific gravity with a preset early warning specific gravity threshold value includes: and respectively acquiring the magnitude relation between each first specific gravity and the preset early warning specific gravity threshold value, so that sub-frequency bands with the first specific gravity larger than the preset early warning specific gravity threshold value are screened according to the magnitude relation, and the screened sub-frequency bands are used as the early warning electric field frequency range, wherein the preset early warning specific gravity threshold value is larger than 50%.
Preferably, in the step of generating the first warning information, the method includes: configuring a plurality of evaluation coefficients for evaluating different lightning intensity levels based on the electric field lightning activity signal for the current lightning activity; and generating the first early warning information carrying the lightning intensity according to the second specific gravity corresponding to each sub-frequency band in the early warning electric field frequency range and the product of each evaluation coefficient and the preset early warning specific gravity threshold value, wherein the first early warning information comprises primary early warning information, secondary early warning information and tertiary early warning information which indicate the lightning intensity from weak to strong.
Preferably, the plurality of evaluation coefficients include a first evaluation coefficient, a second evaluation coefficient, and a third evaluation coefficient that are sequentially arranged from small to large, wherein in the process of generating the first early warning information carrying the lightning intensity, the method includes: generating the first-level early warning information when a second specific gravity corresponding to a sub-frequency band of the early warning electric field frequency range is greater than or equal to the product of the first evaluation coefficient and the preset early warning specific gravity threshold value and is smaller than the product of the second evaluation coefficient and the preset early warning specific gravity threshold value; generating the second-level early warning information when a second specific gravity corresponding to a sub-frequency band of the early warning electric field frequency range is greater than or equal to a product of the second evaluation coefficient and the preset early warning specific gravity threshold value and is smaller than a product of the third evaluation coefficient and the preset early warning specific gravity threshold value; and generating the three-level early warning information when the second specific gravity corresponding to the sub-frequency band of the early warning electric field frequency range is greater than or equal to the product of the third evaluation coefficient and the preset early warning specific gravity threshold value.
Preferably, the first evaluation coefficient is greater than or equal to 0.4; the second evaluation coefficient is greater than or equal to 0.6; and the third evaluation coefficient is greater than or equal to 0.8 and less than or equal to 1.
Preferably, in the step of acquiring the real-time atmospheric electric field intensity to generate the second warning information, the method includes: configuring a plurality of preset early warning atmospheric electric field intensity thresholds for evaluating different lightning intensity levels based on the atmospheric electric field intensity for the current lightning activity; generating second early warning information carrying lightning intensity according to the magnitude relation between the real-time atmospheric electric field intensity and each preset early warning atmospheric electric field intensity threshold value, wherein the second early warning information comprises primary lightning early warning information, secondary lightning early warning information and tertiary lightning early warning information which indicate that the lightning intensity is from weak to strong.
Preferably, the plurality of preset early warning atmospheric electric field intensity thresholds include a first threshold, a second threshold and a third threshold which are sequentially arranged from small to large, wherein in the process of generating the second early warning information carrying the lightning intensity, the method includes: generating the primary lightning early warning information when the real-time atmospheric electric field intensity is greater than or equal to the first threshold value and smaller than the second threshold value; generating the secondary lightning early warning information when the real-time atmospheric electric field intensity is greater than or equal to the second threshold value and smaller than the third threshold value; and generating the three-level lightning early warning information when the real-time atmospheric electric field intensity is greater than or equal to the third threshold value.
Preferably, the first threshold is 2kV/m, the second threshold is 5kV/m, and the third threshold is 8kV/m.
Preferably, in the lightning comprehensive early warning step, the method includes: corresponding scores are respectively configured for the early warning information of each level in the first early warning information and the second early warning information, wherein the primary early warning information configuration score is 1 score, the secondary early warning information configuration score is 2 scores, and the tertiary early warning information configuration score is 3 scores; and adding the scores of different grades in the first early warning information corresponding to the current lightning activity and the scores of corresponding grades in the second early warning information to generate the lightning comprehensive early warning information carrying the lightning intensity, wherein the lightning comprehensive early warning information comprises primary comprehensive early warning information, secondary comprehensive early warning information and tertiary comprehensive early warning information which indicate that the lightning intensity is from weak to strong.
Preferably, in the process of generating the lightning comprehensive early warning information carrying lightning intensity, the method comprises the following steps: when the addition result is equal to 2 or 3, generating the first-level comprehensive early warning information; when the addition result is equal to 4 or 5, generating the secondary comprehensive early warning information; and generating the three-level comprehensive early warning information when the addition result is equal to 6.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a lightning comprehensive early warning system, which comprises the following modules: a first amplitude spectrum generation module for generating a first amplitude spectrum based on historical atmospheric electric field lightning activity signals; the early warning electric field frequency range determining module is used for dividing the frequency band of the first amplitude frequency spectrum into a plurality of continuous sub-frequency bands, calculating the proportion of energy of each sub-frequency band to total energy, and recording the proportion as a first proportion, so that the early warning electric field frequency range is obtained by comparing each first proportion with a preset early warning proportion threshold value; the second amplitude spectrum generation module is used for acquiring the lightning activity signal of the atmospheric electric field in a preset time interval in real time and generating a second amplitude spectrum; the comprehensive early warning module is used for dividing the frequency band of the second amplitude frequency spectrum into a plurality of sub-frequency bands matched with the first amplitude frequency spectrum, calculating corresponding second specific gravity, and based on the frequency band, combining the early warning electric field frequency range and the preset early warning specific gravity threshold value, judging whether lightning early warning is needed currently, wherein when early warning is needed, first early warning information is generated, the atmospheric electric field intensity is acquired in real time, and second early warning information is generated, so that comprehensive early warning of lightning is realized according to the first early warning information and the second early warning information.
One or more embodiments of the above-described solution may have the following advantages or benefits compared to the prior art:
The invention provides a lightning comprehensive early warning method and a lightning comprehensive early warning system, which firstly start from atmospheric electric field information and adopt a frequency domain analysis method, the lightning activity characteristic frequency domain of the atmospheric electric field data is directly analyzed to extract the characteristic frequency spectrum of the lightning activity in the atmospheric electric field, and the historical lightning activity characteristic frequency range is obtained. And then, confirming whether the early warning is performed according to the historical lightning activity characteristic frequency range. Meanwhile, whether the early warning is performed or not is also confirmed by analyzing the electric field intensity in real time. And when the two modes are adopted to confirm that the early warning is needed, generating a lightning comprehensive early warning result. According to the lightning comprehensive early warning method, the lightning comprehensive early warning result which eliminates the influence of cloud flash, remote lightning activity, an atmospheric background field, a lightning cloud background field and a non-lightning activity electric field on lightning activity judgment is obtained, early warning of lightning is achieved, early warning efficiency is improved, and the false report rate of the lightning comprehensive early warning is effectively reduced.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention, without limitation to the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a step diagram of a lightning comprehensive early warning method according to an embodiment of the application.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a lightning comprehensive early warning system according to an embodiment of the application.
Detailed Description
The following will describe embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings and examples, thereby solving the technical problems by applying technical means to the present invention, and realizing the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented accordingly. It should be noted that, as long as no conflict is formed, each embodiment of the present invention and each feature of each embodiment may be combined with each other, and the formed technical solutions are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
Additionally, the steps illustrated in the flowcharts of the figures may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer executable instructions, and although a logical order is illustrated in the flowcharts, in some cases the steps illustrated or described may be performed in an order other than that illustrated herein.
The atmospheric electric field instrument is special equipment for measuring the change of the atmospheric electrostatic field and early warning the occurrence of lightning in a non-directional mode. In the prior art, a lightning early warning method based on an atmospheric electric field instrument mainly adopts a threshold method, namely: the lightning intensity level is characterized using an electric field intensity threshold detected by an atmospheric electric field meter. However, although the atmospheric electric field instrument can reflect the activity condition of the local thundercloud in real time, the electric field instrument is unstable, the influence of the installation environment of the atmospheric electric field instrument on the atmospheric monitoring can not be distinguished, and the cloud flash and the ground flash can not be distinguished, so that the local influence of the atmospheric electric field at the periphery of the detection area can be detected, and the electric field intensity threshold value is used for early warning alone, so that the alarm has higher false alarm rate and false alarm rate.
Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the embodiment of the invention provides a lightning comprehensive early warning method and a lightning comprehensive early warning system, the method starts from the information of an atmospheric electric field, adopts a frequency domain analysis method, and extracts the characteristic frequency spectrum of lightning activity in the atmospheric electric field by directly analyzing the lightning activity characteristic frequency domain of the data of the atmospheric electric field, so as to obtain the historical lightning activity characteristic frequency range. And then, confirming whether the early warning is performed according to the historical lightning activity characteristic frequency range. Meanwhile, whether the early warning is performed or not is also confirmed by analyzing the electric field intensity in real time. And when the two modes are adopted to confirm that the early warning is needed, generating a lightning comprehensive early warning result. According to the lightning comprehensive early warning method, the lightning comprehensive early warning result which eliminates the influence of cloud flash, remote lightning activity, an atmospheric background field, a lightning cloud background field and a non-lightning activity electric field on lightning activity judgment is obtained, early warning of lightning is achieved, early warning efficiency is improved, and the false report rate of the lightning comprehensive early warning is effectively reduced.
Example 1
FIG. 1 is a step diagram of a lightning comprehensive early warning method according to an embodiment of the application. The individual steps of the method are described below with reference to fig. 1.
As shown in fig. 1, in step S110, a first amplitude spectrum is generated based on the historical atmospheric electric field lightning activity signal. In the embodiment of the application, the historical atmospheric electric field lightning activity signal is utilized to obtain the corresponding historical lightning activity characteristic, so that the lightning activity historical frequency range is obtained. Specifically, a historical atmospheric electric field lightning activity signal acquired by adopting a historical sampling frequency consistent with the current real-time sampling frequency in a specified time period is selected for sample analysis, so that a first amplitude spectrum for representing a lightning activity historical frequency range is generated by utilizing the current selected historical atmospheric electric field lightning activity signal.
In step S120, the frequency band of the first amplitude spectrum is divided into a plurality of continuous sub-frequency bands, and the specific gravity of the energy of each sub-frequency band in the total energy is calculated and recorded as the first specific gravity, so that the frequency range of the early warning electric field is obtained by comparing each first specific gravity with a preset early warning specific gravity threshold. After the first amplitude spectrum is generated, the frequency band of the first amplitude spectrum is divided into a plurality of continuous sub-frequency bands, and energy distribution calculation is performed for each sub-frequency band, so as to obtain energy distribution data in each sub-frequency band. And then, according to the energy distribution data calculation result in each sub-frequency band, carrying out statistical analysis on the calculated energy distribution data of each sub-frequency band, and further calculating the percentage of the energy in different frequency ranges (each sub-frequency band) to the total energy in the total frequency range of the first amplitude spectrum, thereby obtaining the first specific gravity corresponding to each sub-frequency band. An early warning electric field frequency range indicating that early warning is required in the frequency range is obtained by comparing each first specific gravity with a preset early warning specific gravity threshold value for determining whether early warning is required.
Further, the embodiment obtains the magnitude relation between each first specific gravity and the preset pre-warning specific gravity threshold value respectively, so that the sub-frequency bands with the first specific gravity larger than the preset pre-warning specific gravity threshold value are screened according to the magnitude relation, and the screened sub-frequency bands are used as the pre-warning electric field frequency range. In this embodiment, each first specific gravity is respectively larger and smaller than a preset early-warning specific gravity threshold value, so as to screen the frequency sub-bands with the first specific gravity larger than the preset early-warning specific gravity threshold value. Accordingly, the frequency range corresponding to the frequency range of the sub-band with the first specific gravity larger than the preset early warning specific gravity threshold is selected as the early warning electric field frequency range which indicates that early warning is required in the frequency range in the embodiment. Wherein, preset early warning proportion threshold value is greater than 50%. It should be noted that, the preset early warning specific gravity threshold is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can set the early warning sensitivity according to actual needs.
Next, in step S130, the lightning activity signal of the atmospheric electric field within the preset time interval is acquired in real time, and a second amplitude spectrum is generated. Specifically, the lightning activity signal of the atmospheric electric field in a preset time interval is obtained in real time, and a second amplitude spectrum representing the real-time frequency range of the lightning activity corresponding to each time interval is generated according to the lightning activity signal of the atmospheric electric field collected in each time interval.
According to the lightning comprehensive early warning method, a wavelet analysis method is further adopted, noise reduction processing is respectively carried out on the historical atmospheric electric field lightning activity signal and the atmospheric electric field lightning activity signal, so that corresponding amplitude frequency spectrums are generated by using the noise-reduced signals, and therefore the influence of noise on a lightning comprehensive early warning result is eliminated. Before the first amplitude spectrum is generated, the embodiment performs noise reduction processing on the currently selected historical atmospheric electric field lightning activity signal for generating the first amplitude spectrum to eliminate the influence of noise on the historical atmospheric electric field lightning activity signal to the greatest extent, so that the generated first amplitude spectrum can accurately reflect the historical frequency range of the lightning activity. And before generating the second amplitude spectrum, the embodiment performs noise reduction processing on the real-time atmospheric electric field lightning activity signal within a preset time interval according to the noise reduction mode which is the same as the noise reduction parameter of the historical atmospheric electric field lightning activity signal, so as to eliminate the influence of noise on the real-time atmospheric electric field lightning activity signal to the greatest extent, further enable the generated second amplitude spectrum to accurately reflect the real-time frequency range of the lightning activity, and ensure that the matching degree which can meet analysis and comparison conditions is between the real-time frequency range after noise reduction and the historical frequency range after noise reduction. In this way, based on the analysis and comparison between the lightning activity history frequency range obtained from the first amplitude spectrum and the lightning activity real-time frequency range obtained from the second amplitude spectrum, it is determined whether the lightning activity real-time frequency range satisfies the lightning activity history frequency range, so that an accurate early warning judgment result can be obtained when determining whether early warning is required by using the lightning activity signal of the atmospheric electric field. Accordingly, a lightning comprehensive early warning result is generated based on the early warning judgment result, and the accuracy of the generated lightning comprehensive early warning result is effectively improved.
According to the invention, a discrete Fourier analysis method is adopted to analyze and process historical atmospheric electric field lightning activity signals and atmospheric electric field lightning activity signals respectively, so that a first amplitude spectrum and a second amplitude spectrum are obtained. Based on the characteristics that the signal can show properties, rules and the like which are not easy to find from the time domain angle, the Fourier transform used for transforming the signal from the time domain to the frequency domain is adopted, so that the characteristics of the signal are conveniently analyzed from the frequency domain angle. The fourier transform is a discrete presentation form of fourier transform in time domain and frequency domain, in this embodiment, a finite-length time domain discrete sampling sequence such as a historical atmospheric electric field lightning activity signal and an atmospheric electric field lightning activity signal is transformed into an equal-length frequency domain discrete sampling sequence, and then a first amplitude spectrum and a second amplitude spectrum (i.e., a frequency-amplitude curve related to the historical atmospheric electric field lightning activity signal and a frequency-amplitude curve related to the real-time atmospheric electric field lightning activity signal) can be obtained by performing appropriate conversion and processing on the transformed frequency domain sampling sequence.
In step S140, the frequency band of the second amplitude spectrum is divided into a plurality of sub-frequency bands matched with the first amplitude spectrum, and a corresponding second specific gravity is calculated, based on this, whether lightning early warning is needed at present is determined by combining the early warning electric field frequency range and a preset early warning specific gravity threshold, wherein when early warning is needed, first early warning information is generated, the atmospheric electric field intensity is acquired in real time, and second early warning information is generated, so that comprehensive lightning early warning is realized according to the first early warning information and the second early warning information.
Specifically, after the second amplitude spectrum is generated, the frequency band of the second amplitude spectrum is divided into a plurality of continuous sub-frequency bands in the same manner as the frequency band division manner of the first amplitude spectrum (the node selection and the interval length between the nodes are the same), and energy distribution calculation is performed for each sub-frequency band, so as to obtain energy distribution data in each sub-frequency band. And then, according to the energy distribution data calculation result in each sub-frequency band, carrying out statistical analysis on the calculated energy distribution data of each sub-frequency band, and further calculating the percentage of the energy in different frequency ranges (each sub-frequency band) to the total energy in the total frequency range of the second amplitude spectrum, thereby obtaining the second specific gravity corresponding to each sub-frequency band. And then, analyzing and comparing the second specific gravity corresponding to each sub-frequency band in the early warning electric field frequency range with a preset early warning specific gravity threshold value, and determining whether early warning is needed currently or not according to an analysis result. After the early warning is judged to be needed, the first early warning information carrying the lightning intensity which is needed to be early warned is generated by utilizing the second specific gravity corresponding to each sub-frequency band in the frequency range of the early warning electric field and the preset early warning specific gravity threshold value, and the lightning activity signal of the atmospheric electric field is used for determining the first early warning information carrying the lightning intensity which is needed to be early warned (namely, the lightning intensity is obtained by the lightning activity signal of the atmospheric electric field at the moment). Meanwhile, the embodiment detects the intensity of the atmospheric electric field in real time, and judges whether early warning is needed currently or not by utilizing the intensity of the atmospheric electric field in real time. And when the early warning is judged to be needed, generating second early warning information carrying the lightning intensity, which is determined to be needed to be early warned by utilizing the atmospheric electric field intensity (namely, the lightning intensity is obtained by the atmospheric electric field intensity at the moment). Finally, the first early warning information and the second early warning information are utilized to realize comprehensive early warning of lightning.
According to the embodiment, the first early warning information carrying the lightning intensity is generated by adopting the lightning activity signal of the atmospheric electric field, and the second early warning information carrying the lightning intensity is generated by adopting the intensity of the atmospheric electric field, so that the redundant early warning of the real-time lightning activity is realized. Meanwhile, the method and the device integrate the first early warning information based on energy judgment and the second early warning information based on threshold judgment to comprehensively early warn the real-time lightning activity, so that the accuracy of the lightning comprehensive early warning result is effectively improved, and the problem of high false alarm rate of a lightning early warning method based on only atmospheric electric field threshold judgment is solved.
In the step of generating the first early warning information, firstly, configuring a plurality of evaluation coefficients for evaluating different lightning intensity levels based on electric field lightning activity signals for the current lightning activity; and then, generating first early warning information carrying the lightning intensity according to the second specific gravity corresponding to each sub-frequency band in the early warning electric field frequency range and the product of each evaluation coefficient and a preset early warning specific gravity threshold value, wherein the first early warning information comprises primary early warning information, secondary early warning information and tertiary early warning information which indicate the lightning intensity from weak to strong. First, the present embodiment configures a plurality of evaluation coefficients for evaluating different lightning intensity levels based on electric field lightning activity signals for the current lightning activity. The first early warning information is divided into primary early warning information, secondary early warning information and tertiary early warning information which represent the lightning intensity from weak to strong through the currently configured evaluation coefficient. And then, calculating products of each evaluation coefficient and a preset early warning specific gravity threshold value respectively, and comparing and analyzing each calculated product with a second specific gravity corresponding to each sub-frequency band in the early warning electric field frequency range, so that the grade of early warning information corresponding to the current lightning activity is determined based on energy analysis, and first early warning information carrying corresponding lightning intensity is generated at the corresponding grade.
Further, the plurality of evaluation coefficients configured for the current lightning activity for evaluating different lightning intensity levels based on the electric field lightning activity signal of the present embodiment includes a first evaluation coefficient, a second evaluation coefficient, and a third evaluation coefficient arranged in order from small to large. In the process of generating first early warning information carrying lightning intensity, generating first-stage early warning information representing weak lightning activity based on energy evaluation when a second specific gravity corresponding to a sub-frequency band of an early warning electric field frequency range is larger than or equal to a product of a first evaluation coefficient and a preset early warning specific gravity threshold value and smaller than a product of the second evaluation coefficient and the preset early warning specific gravity threshold value; generating secondary early warning information representing that the lightning activity is stronger based on energy evaluation when the second specific gravity corresponding to the sub-frequency band of the early warning electric field frequency range is larger than or equal to the product of the second evaluation coefficient and the preset early warning specific gravity threshold value and smaller than the product of the third evaluation coefficient and the preset early warning specific gravity threshold value; and generating three-level early warning information representing that the lightning activity is strongest based on energy evaluation when the second specific gravity corresponding to the sub-frequency band of the early warning electric field frequency range is greater than or equal to the product of the third evaluation coefficient and a preset early warning specific gravity threshold value.
In one embodiment of the application, the first evaluation factor is greater than or equal to 0.4; the second evaluation coefficient is greater than or equal to 0.6; and the third evaluation coefficient is greater than or equal to 0.8 and less than or equal to 1. It should be noted that, the present application is not limited in particular to a plurality of evaluation coefficients for evaluating different lightning intensity levels based on the lightning activity signal of the electric field, and those skilled in the art may set the lightning activity level corresponding to the pre-warning level actually required.
In the step of acquiring the real-time atmospheric electric field intensity to generate second early warning information, firstly, configuring a plurality of preset early warning atmospheric electric field intensity thresholds for evaluating different lightning intensity levels based on the atmospheric electric field intensity for the current lightning activity; and then, generating second early warning information carrying the lightning intensity according to the magnitude relation between the real-time atmospheric electric field intensity and each preset early warning atmospheric electric field intensity threshold value, wherein the second early warning information comprises primary lightning early warning information, secondary lightning early warning information and tertiary lightning early warning information which indicate that the lightning intensity is weak to strong. Specifically, first, the present embodiment configures a plurality of preset early warning atmospheric electric field intensity thresholds for evaluating different lightning intensity levels based on the atmospheric electric field intensity for the current lightning activity. The second early warning information is divided into primary lightning early warning information, secondary lightning early warning information and tertiary lightning early warning information which represent the lightning intensity from weak to strong through a preset early warning atmospheric electric field intensity threshold value which is configured at present. And then comparing the magnitude relation between the real-time atmospheric electric field intensity and each preset early-warning atmospheric electric field intensity threshold value, thereby determining the grade of early-warning information corresponding to the current lightning activity based on threshold value analysis and generating second early-warning information carrying the corresponding lightning intensity of the corresponding grade.
Further, the plurality of preset early warning atmospheric electric field intensity thresholds configured for the current lightning activity for evaluating different lightning intensity levels based on the atmospheric electric field intensity in this embodiment include a first threshold, a second threshold, and a third threshold that are sequentially arranged from small to large. In the process of generating second early warning information carrying lightning intensity, when the real-time atmospheric electric field intensity is larger than or equal to a first threshold value and smaller than a second threshold value, generating first-stage lightning early warning information which indicates weak lightning activity based on threshold value evaluation; when the real-time atmospheric electric field intensity is larger than or equal to the second threshold value and smaller than the third threshold value, generating secondary lightning early warning information which indicates that the lightning activity is strong based on threshold value evaluation; and generating three-level lightning early warning information representing that the lightning activity is strongest based on threshold evaluation when the real-time atmospheric electric field intensity is greater than or equal to a third threshold.
In a specific embodiment of the application, the first threshold is 2kV/m, the second threshold is 5kV/m, and the third threshold is 8kV/m. It should be noted that, the present application does not specifically limit the preset early warning atmospheric electric field intensity thresholds for evaluating different lightning intensity levels based on the atmospheric electric field intensity, and those skilled in the art may set the lightning activity level corresponding to the actually required early warning level.
In the embodiment, in the lightning comprehensive early warning step, corresponding scores are respectively configured for early warning information of each level in the first early warning information and the second early warning information, wherein the primary early warning information configuration score is 1 score, the secondary early warning information configuration score is 2 scores, and the tertiary early warning information configuration score is 3 scores; and then, adding the scores of different grades in the first early warning information corresponding to the current lightning activity and the scores of corresponding grades in the second early warning information to generate lightning comprehensive early warning information carrying the lightning intensity, wherein the lightning comprehensive early warning information comprises primary comprehensive early warning information, secondary comprehensive early warning information and tertiary comprehensive early warning information which indicate the lightning intensity from weak to strong. Specifically, the embodiment gives a comprehensive lightning early warning information result according to the lightning early warning information based on energy judgment and the lightning early warning information based on threshold judgment. In the process of integrating the first early warning information and the second early warning information to obtain comprehensive early warning information, the first early warning information in the first early warning information is configured with a score of 1, the second early warning information is configured with a score of 2, and the third early warning information is configured with a score of 3; the first-level lightning early warning information in the second early warning information is configured with a score of 1, the second-level lightning early warning information is configured with a score of 2, and the third-level lightning early warning information is configured with a score of 3. Then, the score corresponding to the corresponding grade early warning information in the first early warning information corresponding to the current lightning activity and the score corresponding to the corresponding grade early warning information in the second early warning information are added to generate primary comprehensive early warning information, secondary comprehensive early warning information and tertiary comprehensive early warning information which carry lightning intensity and represent that the lightning intensity is from weak to strong, so that the lightning comprehensive early warning scoring result shown in the table 1 is obtained:
Table 1 lightning comprehensive early warning scoring table
Referring to table 1, in the process of generating the lightning comprehensive early warning information carrying the lightning intensity, generating primary comprehensive early warning information representing weaker comprehensive evaluation lightning activity when the addition result is equal to 2 or 3, that is, the energy judgment lightning intensity score is 1 minute and the threshold judgment lightning intensity score is 1 minute, or the energy judgment lightning intensity score is 1 minute and the threshold judgment lightning intensity score is 2 minutes, or the energy judgment lightning intensity score is 2 minutes and the threshold judgment lightning intensity score is 1 minute; when the addition result is equal to 4 or 5, that is, the energy judgment lightning intensity score is 3 minutes and the threshold judgment lightning intensity score is 1 minute, or the energy judgment lightning intensity score is 2 minutes and the threshold judgment lightning intensity score is 2 minutes, or the energy judgment lightning intensity score is 1 minute and the threshold judgment lightning intensity score is 3 minutes, or the energy judgment lightning intensity score is 3 minutes and the threshold judgment lightning intensity score is 2 minutes, or the energy judgment lightning intensity score is 2 minutes and the threshold judgment lightning intensity score is 3 minutes, generating secondary comprehensive early warning information which indicates that the comprehensive evaluation lightning activity is stronger; and generating three-level comprehensive early warning information representing the strongest comprehensive evaluation lightning activity when the addition result is equal to 6, namely the energy judgment lightning intensity score is 3 minutes and the threshold judgment lightning intensity score is 3 minutes.
Example two
Based on the lightning comprehensive early warning method in the first embodiment, the embodiment of the application further provides a lightning comprehensive early warning system. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a lightning comprehensive early warning system according to an embodiment of the application.
As shown in fig. 2, the lightning comprehensive early warning system in the embodiment of the invention includes: a first amplitude spectrum generation module 21, an early warning electric field frequency range determination module 22, a second amplitude spectrum generation module 23 and a comprehensive early warning module 24. Specifically, the first amplitude spectrum generation module 21, implemented according to the method described in the above step S110, is configured to generate a first amplitude spectrum based on the historical atmospheric electric field lightning activity signal; the early warning electric field frequency range determining module 22, implemented according to the method described in the above step S120, is configured to divide the frequency band of the first amplitude spectrum into a plurality of continuous sub-frequency bands, and calculate the specific gravity of the energy of each sub-frequency band in the total energy, and record the specific gravity as the first specific gravity, so as to obtain the early warning electric field frequency range by comparing each first specific gravity with a preset early warning specific gravity threshold; the second amplitude spectrum generating module 23, implemented according to the method described in the above step S130, is configured to acquire the lightning activity signal of the atmospheric electric field in real time within a preset time interval, and generate a second amplitude spectrum; the comprehensive early warning module 24 is implemented according to the method in step S140, and is configured to divide the frequency band of the second amplitude spectrum into a plurality of sub-frequency bands matched with the first amplitude spectrum, calculate the corresponding second specific gravity, and based on the frequency range of the early warning electric field and a preset early warning specific gravity threshold, determine whether lightning early warning is required currently, wherein when early warning is required, first early warning information is generated, atmospheric electric field intensity is acquired in real time, and second early warning information is generated, so that comprehensive early warning of lightning is realized according to the first early warning information and the second early warning information.
The invention provides a lightning comprehensive early warning method and a lightning comprehensive early warning system, which firstly start from atmospheric electric field information and adopt a frequency domain analysis method, the lightning activity characteristic frequency domain of the atmospheric electric field data is directly analyzed to extract the characteristic frequency spectrum of the lightning activity in the atmospheric electric field, and the historical lightning activity characteristic frequency range is obtained. And then, confirming whether the early warning is performed according to the historical lightning activity characteristic frequency range. Meanwhile, whether the early warning is performed or not is also confirmed by analyzing the electric field intensity in real time. And when the two modes are adopted to confirm that the early warning is needed, generating a lightning comprehensive early warning result. According to the lightning comprehensive early warning method, the lightning comprehensive early warning result which eliminates the influence of cloud flash, remote lightning activity, an atmospheric background field, a lightning cloud background field and a non-lightning activity electric field on lightning activity judgment is obtained, early warning of lightning is achieved, early warning efficiency is improved, and the false report rate of the lightning comprehensive early warning is effectively reduced.
The above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should modify or replace the present invention within the technical specification described in the present invention.
Of course, the present invention is capable of other various embodiments and its several details are capable of modification and variation in light of the present invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the modules or steps of the invention described above may be implemented in a general purpose computing device, they may be centralized on a single computing device, or distributed over a network of computing devices, or they may alternatively be implemented in program code executable by computing devices, such that they may be stored in a memory device and executed by computing devices, or they may be separately fabricated as individual integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps within them may be fabricated as a single integrated circuit module. Thus, the present invention is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.
Although the embodiments of the present invention are described above, the embodiments are only used for facilitating understanding of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make any modification and variation in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, but the scope of the present disclosure is still subject to the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (13)
1. The comprehensive lightning early warning method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Generating a first amplitude spectrum based on the historical atmospheric electric field lightning activity signal;
Dividing the frequency band of the first amplitude frequency spectrum into a plurality of continuous sub-frequency bands, calculating the proportion of the energy of each sub-frequency band to the total energy, and marking the proportion as a first proportion, so that the frequency range of the early warning electric field is obtained by comparing each first proportion with a preset early warning proportion threshold value;
acquiring an atmospheric electric field lightning activity signal within a preset time interval in real time, and generating a second amplitude spectrum;
Dividing the frequency band of the second amplitude spectrum into a plurality of sub-frequency bands matched with the first amplitude spectrum, calculating corresponding second specific gravity, and based on the frequency band, combining the early warning electric field frequency range and the preset early warning specific gravity threshold value, judging whether lightning early warning is needed at present, wherein,
When the early warning is needed, first early warning information is generated, the atmospheric electric field intensity is obtained in real time, and second early warning information is generated, so that comprehensive early warning of lightning is realized according to the first early warning information and the second early warning information.
2. The lightning comprehensive early warning method according to claim 1, characterized in that the lightning comprehensive early warning method further comprises:
And adopting a wavelet analysis method to respectively perform noise reduction treatment on the historical atmospheric electric field lightning activity signal and the atmospheric electric field lightning activity signal so as to generate a corresponding amplitude frequency spectrum by using the noise-reduced signal, thereby eliminating the influence of noise on a lightning comprehensive early warning result.
3. The lightning comprehensive early warning method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the step of generating the first amplitude spectrum based on the historical atmospheric electric field lightning activity signal, it comprises:
and respectively analyzing and processing the historical atmospheric electric field lightning activity signal and the atmospheric electric field lightning activity signal by adopting a discrete Fourier analysis method, so as to obtain the first amplitude spectrum and the second amplitude spectrum.
4. The lightning comprehensive early warning method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the step of obtaining the early warning electric field frequency range by comparing each first specific gravity with a preset early warning specific gravity threshold value, it comprises:
And respectively acquiring the magnitude relation between each first specific gravity and the preset early warning specific gravity threshold value, so that sub-frequency bands with the first specific gravity larger than the preset early warning specific gravity threshold value are screened according to the magnitude relation, and the screened sub-frequency bands are used as the early warning electric field frequency range, wherein the preset early warning specific gravity threshold value is larger than 50%.
5. The lightning comprehensive early warning method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in the step of generating the first early warning information, it includes:
Configuring a plurality of evaluation coefficients for evaluating different lightning intensity levels based on the electric field lightning activity signal for the current lightning activity;
And generating the first early warning information carrying the lightning intensity according to the second specific gravity corresponding to each sub-frequency band in the early warning electric field frequency range and the product of each evaluation coefficient and the preset early warning specific gravity threshold value, wherein the first early warning information comprises primary early warning information, secondary early warning information and tertiary early warning information which indicate the lightning intensity from weak to strong.
6. The lightning comprehensive early warning method according to claim 5, wherein the plurality of evaluation coefficients includes a first evaluation coefficient, a second evaluation coefficient, and a third evaluation coefficient which are sequentially arranged from small to large, and wherein in the process of generating the first early warning information carrying lightning intensity, the method includes:
Generating the first-level early warning information when a second specific gravity corresponding to a sub-frequency band of the early warning electric field frequency range is greater than or equal to the product of the first evaluation coefficient and the preset early warning specific gravity threshold value and is smaller than the product of the second evaluation coefficient and the preset early warning specific gravity threshold value;
Generating the second-level early warning information when a second specific gravity corresponding to a sub-frequency band of the early warning electric field frequency range is greater than or equal to a product of the second evaluation coefficient and the preset early warning specific gravity threshold value and is smaller than a product of the third evaluation coefficient and the preset early warning specific gravity threshold value; and
And generating the three-level early warning information when the second specific gravity corresponding to the sub-frequency band of the early warning electric field frequency range is greater than or equal to the product of the third evaluation coefficient and the preset early warning specific gravity threshold value.
7. The lightning comprehensive early warning method according to claim 6, characterized in that,
The first evaluation coefficient is greater than or equal to 0.4;
The second evaluation coefficient is greater than or equal to 0.6; and
The third evaluation coefficient is greater than or equal to 0.8 and less than or equal to 1.
8. The lightning comprehensive early warning method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein in the step of acquiring the real-time atmospheric electric field intensity to generate the second early warning information, comprising:
Configuring a plurality of preset early warning atmospheric electric field intensity thresholds for evaluating different lightning intensity levels based on the atmospheric electric field intensity for the current lightning activity;
Generating second early warning information carrying lightning intensity according to the magnitude relation between the real-time atmospheric electric field intensity and each preset early warning atmospheric electric field intensity threshold value, wherein the second early warning information comprises primary lightning early warning information, secondary lightning early warning information and tertiary lightning early warning information which indicate that the lightning intensity is from weak to strong.
9. The lightning comprehensive early warning method according to claim 8, wherein the plurality of preset early warning atmospheric electric field intensity thresholds include a first threshold, a second threshold and a third threshold which are sequentially arranged from small to large, and the process of generating the second early warning information carrying the lightning intensity includes:
Generating the primary lightning early warning information when the real-time atmospheric electric field intensity is greater than or equal to the first threshold value and smaller than the second threshold value;
Generating the secondary lightning early warning information when the real-time atmospheric electric field intensity is greater than or equal to the second threshold value and smaller than the third threshold value; and
And when the real-time atmospheric electric field intensity is greater than or equal to the third threshold value, generating the three-level lightning early warning information.
10. The lightning comprehensive early warning method according to claim 9, wherein the first threshold value is 2kV/m, the second threshold value is 5kV/m, and the third threshold value is 8kV/m.
11. The lightning comprehensive pre-warning method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein in the lightning comprehensive pre-warning step, comprising:
corresponding scores are respectively configured for the early warning information of each level in the first early warning information and the second early warning information, wherein the primary early warning information configuration score is 1 score, the secondary early warning information configuration score is 2 scores, and the tertiary early warning information configuration score is 3 scores;
And adding the scores of different grades in the first early warning information corresponding to the current lightning activity and the scores of corresponding grades in the second early warning information to generate the lightning comprehensive early warning information carrying the lightning intensity, wherein the lightning comprehensive early warning information comprises primary comprehensive early warning information, secondary comprehensive early warning information and tertiary comprehensive early warning information which indicate that the lightning intensity is from weak to strong.
12. The lightning comprehensive early warning method according to claim 11, characterized in that in the process of generating the lightning comprehensive early warning information carrying lightning intensity, it comprises:
when the addition result is equal to 2 or 3, generating the first-level comprehensive early warning information;
when the addition result is equal to 4 or 5, generating the secondary comprehensive early warning information; and
And when the addition result is equal to 6, generating the three-level comprehensive early warning information.
13. The lightning comprehensive early warning system is characterized by comprising the following modules:
a first amplitude spectrum generation module for generating a first amplitude spectrum based on historical atmospheric electric field lightning activity signals;
The early warning electric field frequency range determining module is used for dividing the frequency band of the first amplitude frequency spectrum into a plurality of continuous sub-frequency bands, calculating the proportion of energy of each sub-frequency band to total energy, and recording the proportion as a first proportion, so that the early warning electric field frequency range is obtained by comparing each first proportion with a preset early warning proportion threshold value;
the second amplitude spectrum generation module is used for acquiring the lightning activity signal of the atmospheric electric field in a preset time interval in real time and generating a second amplitude spectrum;
The comprehensive early warning module is used for dividing the frequency band of the second amplitude frequency spectrum into a plurality of sub-frequency bands matched with the first amplitude frequency spectrum, calculating corresponding second specific gravity, and based on the frequency band, combining the early warning electric field frequency range and the preset early warning specific gravity threshold value, judging whether lightning early warning is needed currently, wherein when early warning is needed, first early warning information is generated, the atmospheric electric field intensity is acquired in real time, and second early warning information is generated, so that comprehensive early warning of lightning is realized according to the first early warning information and the second early warning information.
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| CN119414098B (en) * | 2025-01-03 | 2025-04-04 | 兰州资源环境职业技术大学 | Lightning protection monitoring method, system, equipment and storage medium |
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