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CN118871042A - 外科医疗装置 - Google Patents

外科医疗装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN118871042A
CN118871042A CN202380023302.8A CN202380023302A CN118871042A CN 118871042 A CN118871042 A CN 118871042A CN 202380023302 A CN202380023302 A CN 202380023302A CN 118871042 A CN118871042 A CN 118871042A
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surgical
buttress
surgical buttress
porous
tissue
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陈鸣飞
R·L·斯坦纳特
E·E·雅各布斯
G·N·霍奇金森
B·C·格拉汉姆
M·查特吉
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Covidien LP
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07292Reinforcements for staple line, e.g. pledgets
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B2017/00004(bio)absorbable, (bio)resorbable or resorptive
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B2017/00526Methods of manufacturing
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B2017/00831Material properties
    • A61B2017/00889Material properties antimicrobial, disinfectant
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B2017/00831Material properties
    • A61B2017/00893Material properties pharmaceutically effective
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B2017/00831Material properties
    • A61B2017/00898Material properties expandable upon contact with fluid
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214Stapler heads
    • A61B2017/07257Stapler heads characterised by its anvil
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214Stapler heads
    • A61B2017/07271Stapler heads characterised by its cartridge

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

外科缝合装置具有附接到砧座钳口构件、仓钳口构件或两者的外科支撑件。在使用中,外科支撑件加强了在从外科缝合装置应用缝合钉时形成的缝合钉线,并且使可能从缝合钉线和/或由外科缝合装置缝合的组织渗出的泄漏最小化。

Description

外科医疗装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2022年2月24日提交的美国临时专利申请第63/313,302号的申请日的权益。
技术领域
本公开涉及用于伤口闭合装置的外科装置,诸如外科支撑件。
背景技术
外科医生使用外科缝合器械顺序地或同时地将一排或多排紧固件(例如,缝合钉或两部分紧固件)应用到身体组织,以实现将身体组织的片段连接在一起的目的。这种器械通常包括一对钳口或指状结构,待连接的身体组织放置在其间。当致动或“击发”缝合器械时,纵向移动的击发杆接触钳口中的一个钳口中的缝合钉驱动构件。缝合钉驱动构件推动外科缝合钉穿过身体组织并进入相对钳口中的砧座中,所述砧座成形缝合钉。如果要移除或分离组织,可以在装置的钳口中提供刀片来切割缝合钉线之间的组织。
当对诸如肺、食道、肠、十二指肠和血管组织的某些组织进行手术时,有效地密封特别容易发生空气或流体泄漏的组织是很重要的。防止或减少空气或液体泄漏可以显著地减少术后恢复时间。
仍然需要能够用作密封和/或加强组织中的缝合钉线的外科支撑件的改进型外科修复材料。
发明内容
本公开涉及可用于修复组织的医疗装置(包括外科缝合装置)。
在各方面中,本公开的外科缝合装置包括端部执行器,该端部执行器具有彼此枢转地耦合的砧座钳口构件和仓钳口构件,砧座钳口构件和仓钳口构件能够相对移动,使得端部执行器能够在打开位置和夹紧位置之间移动。外科支撑件附接到砧座钳口构件、仓钳口构件或两者。
在一些方面中,本公开的外科缝合装置包括端部执行器,该端部执行器包括彼此枢转地耦合的砧座钳口构件和钉仓钳口构件,砧座钳口构件和钉仓钳口构件能够相对移动,使得端部执行器能够在打开位置和夹紧位置之间移动。外科支撑件可附接到砧座钳口构件、钉仓钳口构件或两者,外科支撑件包括基底和多孔层。
在一些方面中,在使用中,外科支撑件的基底邻近组织,并且外科支撑件的多孔和/或可溶胀层邻近外科支撑件的基底。
在其他方面中,在使用中,外科支撑件的多孔和/或可溶胀层邻近组织,并且外科支撑件的基底邻近外科支撑件的多孔和/或可溶胀层。
在又其他方面中,在使用中,外科支撑件的第一多孔和/或可溶胀层邻近组织,外科支撑件的基底邻近外科支撑件的第一多孔和/或可溶胀层,并且外科支撑件的第二多孔和/或可溶胀层邻近外科支撑件的基底。
在各方面中,外科支撑件还包括非渗透层。
在一些方面中,在使用中,外科支撑件的基底邻近组织,外科支撑件的多孔和/或可溶胀层邻近外科支撑件的基底,并且外科支撑件的非渗透层邻近外科支撑件的多孔和/或可溶胀层。
在其他方面中,在使用中,外科支撑件的多孔和/或可溶胀层邻近组织,外科支撑件的基底邻近外科支撑件的多孔和/或可溶胀层,并且外科支撑件的非渗透层邻近外科支撑件的基底。
在各方面中,外科支撑件的基底具有约65%至约90%的孔体积和约0.05mm至约0.5mm的厚度,在实施方案中为约0.1mm至约0.2mm。
在一些方面中,外科支撑件的多孔和/或可溶胀层具有约65%至约99%的孔体积和约100μm至约2000μm的非压缩厚度。
在其他方面中,外科支撑件的非渗透层具有约5μm至约50μm的厚度。
在其他方面中,本公开的外科缝合装置包括端部执行器,该端部执行器包括彼此枢转地耦合的砧座钳口构件和钉仓钳口构件,砧座钳口构件和钉仓钳口构件能够相对移动,使得端部执行器能够在打开位置和夹紧位置之间移动。外科缝合装置还包括外科支撑件,该外科支撑件附接到砧座钳口构件、钉仓钳口构件或两者,外科支撑件包括基底、多孔层和非渗透层。
在各方面中,本公开还提供了一种用于治疗组织的方法,该方法包括用所述外科缝合装置缝合组织。
在各方面中,本公开的外科支撑件包括:基底,该基底具有约65%至约85%的孔体积和约0.05mm至约0.5mm的厚度;多孔和/或可溶胀层,该多孔和/或可溶胀层具有约65%至约99%的孔体积和约100μm至约2000μm的非压缩厚度;和非渗透层,该非渗透层具有约5µm至约50µm的厚度。
在一些方面中,在使用中,外科支撑件的基底邻近组织,基底的多孔和/或可溶胀层邻近外科支撑件的基底,并且外科支撑件的非渗透层邻近外科支撑件的多孔和/或可溶胀层。
附图说明
本文参照附图描述了当前公开的外科缝合设备的各方面,其中:
图1是根据本公开的一个方面的外科缝合设备的透视图,该外科缝合设备包括手柄壳体、适配器组件、端部执行器和附接到其部件的外科支撑件;
图2是图1中所示的指示细节区域的放大视图;
图3是图1中所示的外科缝合设备的端部执行器的砧座组件的透视图,示出了根据本公开的一个方面的外科支撑件可以如何附接到到该砧座组件;
图4是图1中所示的外科缝合设备的端部执行器的仓组件的透视图,示出了根据本公开的一个方面的外科支撑件可以如何附接到到该仓组件;
图5是沿图2的剖面线5-5截取的剖视图,示出了在击发图1的外科缝合设备之前,附接到砧座组件和仓组件的本公开的外科支撑件的构型;
图6是本公开的外科支撑件的侧视图;
图7是本公开的替代外科支撑件的侧视图;
图8是本公开的替代外科支撑件的侧视图;
图9是本公开的替代外科支撑件的侧视图;
图10是本公开的替代外科支撑件的侧视图;并且
图11是根据本公开的实施例1生产的外科支撑件的扫描电子显微镜图像。
具体实施方式
在下文中,根据与组织固定装置一起使用的外科支撑件(在各方面中是外科缝合钉)讨论了本公开的各个示例性方面。尽管以下公开详细讨论了这些外科支撑件与缝合钉一起使用,但是将了解,本公开的外科缝合设备包括一系列外科支撑材料和薄膜基材料,这些材料可用于机械地支撑组织,沿着缝合钉或缝合线加固组织,并且减少流体泄漏和/或组织出血的发生率。例如,可以与本公开的外科缝合设备一起使用的其他合适的材料包括疝补片和/或组织支架。
与本公开的外科缝合设备一起使用的外科支撑件是具有远端和近端的大致矩形主体的形式,其具有从远端到近端沿着细长矩形主体部分的长度延伸的相对横向侧。
在各方面中,本公开的外科支撑件可由多个层形成。该多个层可包括基底、多孔和/或可溶胀层、非渗透层和它们的任何组合。在一些方面中,基底可以是非织造基底。如本文所用,“多孔层”涵盖如本文进一步公开和/或描述的多孔和/或可溶胀层。
应理解,多种外科缝合设备可以与本公开的外科支撑件一起使用。在各方面中,可使用线性缝合器,诸如例如,包括通过美敦力(Medtronic)(诺斯黑文,康涅狄格州)可获得的采用Tri-StapleTechnology的EndoGIAReinforcedReload和采用Tri-Staple技术的其他的缝合器,以及同样通过美敦力可获得的其他吻合缝合器,诸如例如EEA、CEEA、GIA、EndoGIA和TA。还应了解,本公开的原理同样适用于具有替代构型的外科缝合器,诸如例如具有圆形仓和砧座的端对端吻合缝合器(参见例如名称为“SurgicalFastenerApplyingApparatus”的共同拥有的美国专利第5,915,616号,该专利的全部公开内容通过引用并入本文);腹腔镜缝合器(参见例如名称均为“SurgicalStaplingApparatus”的共同拥有的美国专利第6,330,965号和第6,241,139号,其中的每个专利的全部公开内容通过引用并入本文);以及横向吻合缝合器(参见例如名称均为“SurgicalFastenerApplyingApparatus”的共同拥有的美国专利第5,964,394号和第7,334,717号,其中的每个专利的全部公开内容通过引用并入本文)。
现在将参照附图详细描述当前公开的外科支撑件和外科缝合设备的各方面,其中相似的附图标记表示相似或相同的元件。在以下讨论中,术语“近侧”和“尾部”可以互换使用,并且应理解为是指在正确使用期间更靠近临床医生的结构部分。术语“远侧”和“前导端”也可以互换使用,并且应理解为是指在正确使用期间远离临床医生的结构部分。如本文所用,术语“患者”应理解为是指人类受试者或其他动物,并且术语“临床医生”应理解为是指医生、护士或其他护理提供者,并且可包括支持人员。
现在参照图1,公开了一种示例性外科缝合设备或外科缝合器10,用于缝合组织并将外科支撑件应用到组织。外科缝合设备10通常包括手柄12,该手柄具有从手柄12向远侧延伸的细长管状构件14。端部执行器16安装在细长管状构件14的远端18上。端部执行器16包括砧座组件和仓组件,该砧座组件包括钉锁紧砧座钳口构件20,并且仓组件包括构造成容纳钉仓32的钉仓钳口构件22。端部执行器16可以永久地固定到细长管状构件14上,或者可以是可拆卸的,并因此可以用新的端部执行器16替换。钉锁紧砧座钳口构件20可移动地安装在端部执行器16的远端18上,并且能够在与钉仓钳口构件22间隔开的打开位置和基本邻近钉仓钳口构件22的关闭位置之间移动。
如图1中所示,外科缝合设备10还包括能够移动地安装在手柄12上的触发器33。触发器33的致动首先操作以相对于钉仓钳口构件22将砧座钳口构件20从打开位置移动到关闭位置,并且随后致动外科缝合设备10以将缝合钉线应用到组织。为了相对于要缝合的组织正确地定向端部执行器16,外科缝合设备10另外设置有安装在手柄12上的旋钮34。旋钮34相对于手柄12的旋转使细长管状构件14和端部执行器16相对于手柄12旋转,从而相对于待缝合的组织适当地定向端部执行器16。
可以参照共同拥有的美国专利第5,915,616号、第6,330,965号和第6,241,139号详细讨论外科缝合设备10的构造和操作,其中每个专利的公开内容通过引用并入本文。
参照图2至图4,钉锁紧砧座钳口构件20和钉仓钳口构件22可以设置有外科支撑件24、24a。外科支撑件24、24a用于加强和密封由外科缝合设备10应用到组织上的缝合钉线。外科支撑件24、24a可以被构造成任何形状、大小或尺寸,以适合任何手术缝合、紧固或击发设备。
如图3中所示,外科支撑件24可以用缝线26附接到钉锁紧砧座钳口构件20。类似地,如图4中所示,外科支撑件24a可以用缝线28附接到钉仓钳口构件22。
如图3至图5中所示,钉锁紧砧座钳口构件20已经装载有外科支撑件24,并且包括钉仓32的钉仓钳口构件22已经装载有外科支撑件24a。
尽管图中未描绘出,但是在一些方面中,本公开的外科缝合器10可具有钉锁紧砧座钳口构件20上的外科支撑件24、钉仓钳口构件22上的外科支撑件24a,但不是两者都具有。
总体参照图6和图8,本公开的外科支撑件24可包括多个层。例如,外科支撑件24可包括基底30、多孔和/或可溶胀层40和非渗透层50。
包括基底30和/或多孔和/或可溶胀层40的本公开的外科支撑件的任何多孔和/或可溶胀部分可在其表面的至少一部分之上具有开口或孔。用于形成这些层的合适的多孔和/或可溶胀材料包括但不限于纤维结构(例如,针织结构、织造结构、非织造结构等)和/或开孔泡沫。
本公开的外科支撑件的多孔和/或可溶胀部分可包括纤维材料,这些纤维材料可使用任何合适的方法形成,包括但不限于针织、编织、无纺技术(包括熔喷)、湿纺、电纺、挤出、共挤出等。多孔外科支撑件的示例包括具有三维结构的那些多孔外科支撑件,诸如美国专利第7,021,086号和第6,443,964号中描述的纺织品,其中的每个专利的全部公开内容通过引用并入本文。
多孔和/或可溶胀层40和/或基底30的多孔性可允许生物流体、分子(包括蛋白质、小分子、RNA等)和/或细胞组分的渗透,这又可加速愈合和/或任何治疗剂从本公开的外科支撑件24的释放动力学。
在各方面中,用于形成外科支撑件的各个层的材料可以是生物可降解的,使得外科支撑件不必从体内取出。如本文使用的术语“生物可降解的”被定义为包括生物可吸收的材料和生物再吸收的材料两者。生物可降解的是指外科支撑件在身体条件下分解或失去结构完整性(例如,酶降解或水解),或在身体的生理条件下分解(物理或化学),从而使得降解产物可被身体排泄或吸收。
用于形成本公开的外科支撑件的各个层的生物可降解或不可降解的材料的非限制性示例包括但不限于聚乙二醇、包括聚(环氧乙烷)和聚(环氧丙烷)的聚(环氧烷)、聚(乳酸)、聚(乙醇酸)、包括聚(三亚甲基碳酸酯)的聚(亚烷基碳酸酯)、聚(二氧杂环己酮)、聚(羟基丁酸酯)、聚(磷嗪)、聚(对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)、聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚(甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯)、聚(乙烯基吡咯烷酮)、聚(乙烯醇)、聚丙烯酸、聚乙酸酯、聚已酸内酯、聚丙烯、脂肪族聚酯、包括聚(甘油癸二酸酯)的聚(甘油酯)、聚(氨基酸)、共聚(醚-酯)、聚亚烷基草酸酯、聚酰胺、聚(亚氨基碳酸酯)、聚亚烷基草酸酯、聚氧酯、聚原酸酯、聚氨酯、聚(2-噁唑啉)、具有磷酰胆碱、磺基甜菜碱(SB)或羧基甜菜碱(CB)官能团的聚合物、以及它们的共聚物、嵌段共聚物、均聚物、共混物和组合。聚合物可以是非交联或交联的形式。
可溶胀材料的一个实施方案是交联聚(乙二醇)(PEG)。PEG可通过各种交联方法交联,诸如光化学、自由基、点击化学、NHS化学、诸如迈克尔加成化学的加成化学、硫醇化学、狄尔斯-阿尔德化学、缩合化学、京尼平化学、氨基甲酸酯化学或通过氢键合或离子或客体-主体相互作用的超分子方法。如实施例1所示,交联的一个实施方案是通过NHS化学。交联前的PEG可以是分子量范围为约500道尔顿至100,000道尔顿的线性PEG,或者是官能度为3至10并且分子量为约500道尔顿至100,000道尔顿的多臂PEG。另一个实施方案是通过在链中引入化学键可降解的交联PEG,其在诸如水解等生理条件下会断裂。例如,通过改变交联密度或酯键的水解速率,降解时间可从1天调整到1年。通过改变化学计量比、交联密度、交联点之间的分子量,溶胀比也可从1调整到约50。溶胀比被定义为生理条件下的增重与层的初始干重之比。
在各方面中,天然生物聚合物可用于形成本公开的外科支撑件的各个层。合适的天然生物聚合物包括但不限于胶原、藻酸盐、明胶、透明质酸、葡聚糖、纤维蛋白、纤维蛋白原、弹性蛋白、角蛋白、白蛋白、纤维素、氧化纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羧乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、甲壳质、壳聚糖和它们的组合。此外,天然生物聚合物可与本文所描述的任何其他聚合物材料组合,以产生本公开的外科支撑件。
可溶胀层任选地包含0.05%至7.5%抗氧化剂,诸如BHT,以有助于诸如ETO等加工期间的稳定以及至多三年的储存。
可溶胀层任选地包含0.5%至20%添加剂,以改善水合状态下的材料的润滑性和韧性。这种添加剂的示例包括甘油、分子量为100至300的低分子量PEG。
可溶胀和/或多孔层可通过各种交联方法形成,诸如光化学、自由基、点击化学、NHS化学、诸如迈克尔加成化学的加成化学、硫醇化学、狄尔斯-阿尔德化学、缩合化学、京尼平化学、氨基甲酸酯化学或通过氢键合或离子或客体-主体相互作用的超分子方法。可在大体积或溶液中进行化学反应。溶剂可以是有机的,诸如甲醇、乙醇或丙醇。优选的溶剂是水或部分为水的溶剂。胶凝化前的工作时间为5分钟至60分钟。反应物的化学计量比在0.4至2.5之间变化。反应物的浓度在1%至100%之间变化。在水相反应的情况下,溶液的pH在5至10之间变化。pH由缓冲液控制,诸如浓度为0.01M至0.5M的磷酸盐缓冲液。
可溶胀层的多孔结构可通过各种方法形成,诸如冻干工艺、盐析、选择性浸出、静电纺丝等。
该层向支撑件的应用可使用模制方法,其中该层在托盘中形成,而支撑件位于模具的底部或顶部处。模具由金属制成,并且涂有不粘材料,诸如PTFE。它也可以由塑料材料制成,诸如不粘PTFE或聚乙烯等,以便于从模具释放可溶胀层。其他应用方法包括喷涂、狭缝式挤压涂布、静电纺丝、热压等。
在一些方面中,基底30可以是非织造基底。在各方面中,基底包括由生物可降解的多孔基质层形成的那些基底,该基质层由合适的材料形成,例如可降解的聚合物,诸如聚(乳酸)、聚(乙醇酸)、包括聚(三亚甲基碳酸酯)的聚(亚烷基碳酸酯)、聚己内酯、聚(二氧杂环己酮)、聚(羟基丁酸酯)、聚(磷嗪)、脂肪族聚酯、包括聚(甘油癸二酸酯)的聚(甘油酯)、聚(氨基酸)、共聚(醚-酯)、聚亚烷基草酸酯、聚酰胺、聚(亚氨基碳酸酯)、聚亚烷基草酸酯、聚氧酯、聚原酸酯和/或聚氨酯。多孔和/或可溶胀层40可由可降解聚合物、聚乙二醇、包括聚(环氧乙烷)和聚(环氧丙烷)的聚(环氧烷)、藻酸盐、胶原、明胶、壳聚糖、葡聚糖、透明质酸或这些材料的组合形成。在一些方面中,多孔和/或可溶胀层40可以是可溶胀材料,诸如水凝胶。非渗透层50可由可降解聚合物、藻酸盐、胶原、明胶、壳聚糖、葡聚糖、透明质酸、凝血酶或这些材料的组合形成。
在各方面中,可使用相同的材料来形成多孔和/或可溶胀层和非渗透层。按照本领域技术人员所知的方法,这是可能的,例如交联或物理挤压和压实多孔和/或可溶胀材料以形成非渗透材料。该层可通过各种交联方法形成,诸如光化学、自由基、点击化学、NHS化学、诸如迈克尔加成化学的加成化学、硫醇化学、狄尔斯-阿尔德化学、缩合化学、京尼平化学、氨基甲酸酯化学或通过氢键合或离子或客体-主体相互作用的超分子方法。可在大体积或溶液中进行化学反应。溶剂可以是有机的,诸如甲醇、乙醇或丙醇。优选的溶剂是水或部分为水的溶剂。凝胶化前的工作时间在0.5min至60min之间。反应物的化学计量比在0.4至2.5之间变化。反应物的浓度在1%至100%之间变化。在水相反应的情况下,溶液的pH在5至10之间变化。pH由缓冲液控制,诸如浓度为0.01M至0.5M的磷酸盐缓冲液。
在各方面中,外科支撑件24可具有如图6所描绘的构造,包括基底30,其中多孔和/或可溶胀层40形成在基底30之上,并且非渗透层50形成在多孔和/或可溶胀层40之上。在使用中,基底30将邻近组织。
在一些方面中,外科支撑件可具有如图7所描绘的构造,包括基底30,其中多孔和/或可溶胀层40形成在基底30之上。在使用中,基底30将邻近组织。多孔和/或可溶胀层可在支撑件的一侧或两侧上。如果该层仅在支撑件的一侧上,则它可与组织接触或远离组织。
在其他方面中,外科支撑件24可具有如图8所描绘的构造,包括多孔和/或可溶胀层40、形成在多孔和/或可溶胀层40之上的基底30和形成在基底30之上的非渗透层50。在使用中,多孔和/或可溶胀层40将邻近组织。
在一些方面中,外科支撑件可具有如图9所描绘的构造,包括多孔和/或可溶胀层40,其中基底30形成在多孔和/或可溶胀层40之上。在使用中,多孔和/或可溶胀层40将邻近组织。
在又其他方面中,外科支撑件24可具有如图10所描绘的构造,包括两个多孔和/或可溶胀层40a、40b之间的基底30。
在各方面中,多孔和/或可溶胀层可渗透到基底层的孔中。在其他方面中,多孔和/或可溶胀层不会渗透到基底层的孔中。
虽然外科支撑件24的许多描绘示出了连续的层,但是应理解,在一些实施方案中,这些层可以是不连续的,即,非渗透层50可延伸超过基底30、多孔和/或可溶胀层40或两者的边界。类似地,多孔和/或可溶胀层40可延伸超过基底30的边界。尽管未描绘,但外科支撑件24的各层也可以是不连续的,例如作为图案应用于另一个层。也可利用上述的任何组合。在又其他方面(未示出)中,多孔和/或可溶胀层也可作为图案应用在基底上。
用于形成外科支撑件的基底可具有约65%至约90%的孔体积,在各方面中为约70%至约85%。
用于形成本公开的外科支撑件的基底可以具有约0.05mm至约0.5mm的厚度,在实施方案中为约0.1mm至约0.2mm。
在使用中,多孔和/或可溶胀层40在被引入到流体和/或缝合钉线渗出物中时可溶胀,但是将被缝合钉限制,从而在缝合钉线上施加额外的压缩。多孔和/或可溶胀层40的溶胀可增加基底施加在缝合钉线上的压缩。多孔和/或可溶胀层40的溶胀也可填充可能存在于支撑件24和缝合钉之间、支撑件24和组织之间、和/或缝合钉和组织之间的间隙。
多孔和/或可溶胀层的溶胀比可在1至50之间变化。溶胀比被定义为生理条件下的增重与层的初始干重之比。孔径可在0.5微米至250微米之间变化。用于形成外科支撑件的多孔和/或可溶胀层40可具有约65%至约99%的孔体积,在各方面中为约70%至约95%。
用于形成本公开的外科支撑件的多孔和/或可溶胀层可具有约100μm至约2000μm的非压缩厚度,在各方面中为约200μm至约1800μm。
非渗透层50作为物理屏障来防止在缝合钉线处的泄漏和/或额外的出血。非渗透层50还可吸收某些内源性生物材料,包括红细胞、白细胞、血小板等,从而有助于凝块形成和/或伤口愈合。
用于形成本公开的外科支撑件的非渗透层可具有约5µm至约50µm的厚度,在各方面中为约10µm至约30µm。
不管构造如何,在使用中,外科支撑件24将是可压缩的,并且将能够缝合穿过外科支撑件和下面的组织,而不妨碍外科缝合器的功能。
虽然以上描述是针对矩形外科支撑件的,但应了解,根据本公开,可使用任何合适的外科支撑件构型。例如,可使用具有细长矩形主体并且在外科支撑件的端部处具有头部部分和尾部部分的外科支撑件。可使用任何其他合适的形状,包括圆形或任何其他适合用于外科支撑件的形状。例如,额外的合适外科支撑件包括美国专利第10,682,140号、第8,157,151号、第8,561,873号和第9,693,772中公开的那些,其中的每个专利的全部公开内容通过引用并入本文。
可将治疗剂添加到本公开的外科支撑件中,用于递送给患者。合适的治疗剂包括但不限于:药物、小分子、氨基酸、肽、多肽、蛋白质、多糖、突变蛋白、免疫球蛋白、抗体、细胞因子(例如,淋巴因子、单因子、趋化因子)、凝血因子、造血因子、白细胞介素(1至18)、干扰素(β-IFN、α-IFN和γ-IFN)、促红细胞生成素、核酸酶、肿瘤坏死因子、集落刺激因子(例如,GCSF、GM-CSF、MCSF)、胰岛素、抗肿瘤剂和肿瘤抑制剂、血液蛋白、纤维蛋白、凝血酶、纤维蛋白原、合成凝血酶、合成纤维蛋白、合成纤维蛋白原、促性腺激素(例如,FSH、LH、CG等)、鞣花酸、传明酸、激素和激素类似物(例如,生长激素、促黄体激素释放因子)、疫苗(例如,肿瘤、细菌和病毒抗原)、生长抑素、抗原、凝血因子、生长因子(例如,神经生长因子、胰岛素样生长因子)、骨形态发生蛋白、TGF-B、蛋白质抑制剂、蛋白质拮抗剂、蛋白质激动剂、核酸(诸如反义分子、DNA、RNA、RNAi、寡核苷酸、多核苷酸)、细胞、病毒、抗炎剂、抗菌剂、抗微生物剂、抗真菌剂和核酶。在各方面中,应用于本公开的外科支撑件的治疗剂可包括抗肿瘤剂和/或肿瘤抑制剂,在各方面中被称为“化疗剂”和/或“抗肿瘤剂”。例如,合适的化疗剂包括:紫杉醇和其衍生物、多西他赛(docetaxel)和其衍生物、阿布拉尼(abraxane)、三苯氧胺、环磷酰胺、放线菌素、博莱霉素、放线菌素D、柔红霉素、阿霉素、盐酸阿霉素、表阿霉素(epirubicin)、丝裂霉素、甲氨蝶呤、氟尿嘧啶、吉西他滨(gemcitabine)、盐酸吉西他滨、卡铂、卡莫司汀(carmustine)(BCNU)、甲基-CCNU、顺铂、鬼臼乙叉甙(etoposide)、喜树碱和其衍生物、苯芥胆甾醇(phenesterine)、长春碱、长春新碱、戈舍瑞林(goserelin)、亮丙瑞林(leuprolide)、干扰素α、视黄酸(ATRA)、氮芥烷化剂、哌泊舒凡(piposulfan)、长春瑞滨(vinorelbine)、伊立替康(irinotecan)、盐酸伊立替康、长春碱、培美曲塞(pemetrexed)、甲苯磺酸索拉非尼(sorafenibtosylate)、依维莫司(everolimus)、盐酸埃罗替尼(erlotinibhydrochloride)、苹果酸舒尼替尼(sunitinibmalate)、卡培他滨奥沙利铂(capecitabineoxaliplatin)、亚叶酸钙、贝伐单抗(bevacizumab)、西妥昔单抗(cetuximab)、雷莫芦单抗(ramucirumab)、曲妥单抗(trastuzumab)、阿特朱单抗(atezolizumab)、康纳单抗(canakinumab)、它们的组合等。其他合适的治疗剂包括免疫疗法,包括派姆单抗、纳武单抗、阿特珠单抗、德瓦鲁单抗、西米普利单抗和/或奥斯替尼、细胞靶向疗法,包括伊匹木单抗、它们的组合等。
在各方面中,紫杉醇和/或紫杉醇衍生物可用作治疗剂。紫杉醇可以有多种形式,本文称为“多晶型”,包括无定形紫杉醇、结晶紫杉醇(有时称为结晶紫杉醇二水合物)和/或无水紫杉醇,或其混合物。
可将任何治疗剂添加到外科支撑件24的任何层,包括基底30、多孔和/或可溶胀层40、非渗透层50或它们的任何组合。例如,治疗剂可与用于形成各个层的材料组合,从而将其结合在形成层的材料内,或者对于非织造或多孔和/或可溶胀材料,治疗剂可存在于非织造或多孔和/或可溶胀材料的孔内。
在各方面中,如上所述,提供了本公开的外科支撑件,以加强和密封由外科缝合设备应用到组织的缝合钉线。当应用于出血组织部位时,外科支撑件可能影响所述组织的止血。本文使用的术语“止血”是指抑制流血。
除了在外科支撑件的应用部位提供止血之外,本公开的外科支撑件还可在植入部位和身体的其他部位提供用治疗剂对组织进行治疗。
根据本公开,可考虑以下因素中的至少一些因素来设计和/或构造具有期望特性的支撑件:
•包括多孔和/或可溶胀层和非渗透层在内的各个层的支撑和性质导致泄漏压力增加,这也可改善缝合钉线止血。
•用于基底的某些材料(例如,聚乙醇酸)较硬,可比其他材料在缝合钉线中提供更大的机械压缩;可通过调整基底的密度和厚度来最好地改变支撑件硬度。
•将基底的密度和/或厚度增加到超过某一点可能会不利地影响缝合钉成形、击发和回缩力以及缝合钉线磨损性。
•随着流体吸收而溶胀的多孔和/或可溶胀层可实现更大的最终支撑件厚度。
•在溶胀期间产生膨胀力的多孔和/或可溶胀层可能往往会增加组织上和缝合钉孔缺损周围的支撑压缩;可能需要较大的膨胀力来改善术中和术后的抗泄漏性和抗出血性。
•支撑件和/或多孔和/或可溶胀层的弹性允许支撑件边缘的侧向膨胀,从而能够覆盖易于在缝合钉线附近撕裂的切割边缘和组织。
•将膨胀力增加到超过某一点可能会不利地影响缝合钉成形以及击发和/或回缩力。
•与诸如胶原和藻酸盐的天然材料相比,使用一些合成材料,例如聚乙二醇,可容易地调节和控制溶胀程度和膨胀力。
•更大的溶胀可增加内源性生长因子吸收,从而改善愈合和减少术后泄漏。
•血液在支撑件的层中凝块(被动地或在主动凝血剂的帮助下)。
•凝块中的血小板为愈合的缝合钉线提供生长因子。
•支撑件机械地保护凝块免于从缝合钉线脱层。
•更大的凝块粘着性可减少泄漏和出血的可能性,并且可为缝合钉线愈合提供更大的生长因子库。
•随着时间的推移,新组织会长成支撑件。
•支撑件可保护缝合钉线免于在术后形成粘连。
实施例1
制备本文描述的支撑件。将4.5mL去离子水(pH约为6.7)添加到装有0.3克分子量为10,000道尔顿的聚(乙二醇)二胺的20mL玻璃小瓶中,并且将混合物涡旋以制成均匀的溶液。类似地制成分子量为10,000道尔顿的0.15克4臂聚(乙二醇)琥珀酰亚胺戊二酸酯((4臂PEGSG))于1.5mL去离子水中的第二溶液。将两种溶液混合并涡旋以制成均匀的溶液,从而通过NHS化学开始交联反应。用该溶液填充深度为1mm并涂有PTFE的不锈钢10X 4cm托盘,随后在约10分钟内进行凝胶化。立即将厚度为0.15mm的聚(乙醇酸)非织造支撑片放置在托盘顶部。托盘在平坦表面上放置上2小时,然后放入-80℃的冰箱中1小时。将托盘转移到冻干机。冻干在-20℃的箱中在高真空下进行24小时,并且剩余的残留水被移至室温箱在高真空下再进行24小时。通过剥离托盘来取出经涂布的支撑件。通过扫描电子显微术(SEM)对经涂布的支撑件的横截面进行成像,其示出多孔交联PEG层与支撑件的良好整合。经涂布的支撑件的SEM图像如图11所提供。
实施例2
与其他商业上可获得的支撑件材料相比,在原发性、急性、体内临床前环境中,当与外科缝合器一起使用时,本文描述的支撑件表现出显著更少的缝合钉线出血事件和显著更高的缝合器线泄漏压力:
•比较例A:Tri-Staple2.0 ReinforcedReload(美敦力)
•比较例B:GORE®SEAMGUARD®(戈尔(GORE))
•比较例C:ECHELONENDOPATHStaplelineReinforcement(爱惜康(Ethicon))
沿着犬小肠的反肠系膜边缘纵向放置支撑的缝合钉线,保持内腔的至少50%通畅性。在从外科缝合器释放组织时,记录出血事件的发生(定义为在初始吸干后来自缝合钉线的任何可见的血液渗出),并且基于以下李克特量表评估和记录出血严重程度:
表1.止血等级量表1
1.SiegelJM等人JournalofAdvancesinMedicalandPharmaceuticalSciences, 1(1): 30-39, 2014。
使用Z轴系统(IsaacHD多功能泄漏测试仪)对个支撑的缝合钉线进行泄漏测试。将包含缝合钉线的肠段夹紧关闭以进行测试,并且用盐水润湿缝合钉线。将Z轴针纵向插入袋中并逐渐增加压力,直到观察到泄漏(定义为在缝合钉或切割线处出现气泡),并且记录压力。
结果
出血
对于所有测试样品,本文描述的支撑件均未导致缝合钉线出血,并且出血事件显著少于比较例C(表3和表4)。
表2.出血严重程度(基于李克特量表)
表3.出血事件
*P值基于本文描述的支撑件与每个其他组的比较,单独使用双比例费舍尔精确检验。p值<0.050被认为具有统计学显著性。
泄漏测试
如通过单因素ANOVA及图基成对比较(表4和表5)所确定,与所有其他比较例相比,本文描述的支撑件导致显著更高的缝合钉线泄漏压力。p值<0.050被认为具有统计学显著性。未观察到实施例之间的其他差异。
表4.缝合钉线泄漏压力汇总
表5.平均值差异的图基同时检验
个体置信水平=98.91%
慢性临床前模型
此外,如单因素ANOVA及图基成对比较所确定,与比较例A相比,使用先前描述的犬临床前模型和泄漏测试方法,本文描述的支撑件在慢性评估中导致显著更高的缝合钉线泄漏压力。在术后第3天,在死后确定缝合钉线泄漏压力(表6和表7)。
表6.术后第3天的死后缝合钉线泄漏压力汇总
表7.平均值差异的图基同时检验
个体置信水平=97.97%
将理解,可对本文公开的各方面作出各种修改。因此,以上描述不应被理解为限制性的,而仅仅是优选方面的范例。本领域的技术人员将设想在本公开的范围和精神内的其他修改。这种修改和变化旨在落入以下权利要求的范围内。

Claims (11)

1.一种外科缝合装置,所述外科缝合装置包括:
端部执行器,所述端部执行器包括彼此枢转地耦合的砧座钳口构件和钉仓钳口构件,所述砧座钳口构件和所述钉仓钳口构件能够相对移动,使得所述端部执行器能够在打开位置和夹紧位置之间移动;和
外科支撑件,所述外科支撑件附接到所述砧座钳口构件、所述钉仓钳口构件或两者,所述外科支撑件包括基底和多孔层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外科缝合装置,其中,在使用中,所述外科支撑件的所述基底邻近组织,并且所述外科支撑件的所述多孔层邻近所述外科支撑件的所述基底。
3.根据权利要求1所述的外科缝合装置,其中,在使用中,所述外科支撑件的所述多孔层邻近组织,并且所述外科支撑件的所述基底邻近所述外科支撑件的所述多孔层。
4.根据权利要求1所述的外科缝合装置,其中,在使用中,所述外科支撑件的第一多孔层邻近组织,所述外科支撑件的所述基底邻近所述外科支撑件的所述第一多孔层,并且所述外科支撑件的第二多孔层邻近所述外科支撑件的所述基底。
5.根据权利要求1至4所述的外科缝合装置,其中所述外科支撑件还包括非渗透层。
6.根据权利要求5所述的外科缝合装置,其中,在使用中,所述外科支撑件的所述基底邻近组织,所述外科支撑件的所述多孔层邻近所述外科支撑件的所述基底,并且所述外科支撑件的所述非渗透层邻近所述外科支撑件的所述多孔层。
7.根据权利要求5所述的外科缝合装置,其中,在使用中,所述外科支撑件的所述多孔层邻近组织,所述外科支撑件的所述基底邻近所述外科支撑件的所述多孔层,并且所述外科支撑件的所述非渗透层邻近所述外科支撑件的所述基底。
8.根据权利要求1至5所述的外科缝合装置,其中所述外科支撑件的所述基底具有约65%至约85%的孔体积和约0.05mm至约0.5mm的厚度。
9.根据权利要求1至5所述的外科缝合装置,其中所述外科支撑件的所述多孔层具有约65%至约99%的孔体积和约100μm至约2000μm的非压缩厚度。
10.根据权利要求5至7所述的外科缝合装置,其中所述外科支撑件的所述非渗透层具有约5μm至约50μm的厚度。
11.一种用于治疗组织的方法,所述方法包括用根据权利要求1至10所述的外科缝合装置缝合组织。
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