CN118830603A - Intestinal flora targeting formula food for improving diabetes and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an intestinal flora targeting formula food for improving diabetes and a preparation method thereof, wherein the formula food comprises the following components in parts by mass: 5-20 parts of oatmeal, 5-20 parts of wheat or barley flour, 5-15 parts of peanut kernels, 5-15 parts of chickpeas, 5-15 parts of sunflower seeds, 10-20 parts of inulin, 5-20 parts of isomaltooligosaccharides and 5-10 parts of bacillus subtilis. The intestinal flora targeting formula food for improving diabetes is mainly prepared from coarse cereals and nuts rich in dietary fibers, inulin and other prebiotics are added, and probiotics are added, so that intestinal peristalsis can be promoted, growth of the probiotics is increased, intestinal microbial balance is maintained, conversion of cholesterol into cholic acid is promoted, and cholesterol level in blood is reduced. The formula food disclosed by the invention is low in cost and suitable for being eaten by vast diabetics for a long time. The preparation method disclosed by the invention is simple in process and applicable, and meets the requirements of industrial production.

Description

Intestinal flora targeted formula food for improving diabetes and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a formula food for improving human physiological functions and a preparation method thereof, and in particular to an intestinal flora targeted formula food for improving diabetes and a preparation method thereof.

Background Art

Diabetes is a chronic disease caused by insufficient insulin secretion or blocked insulin action, characterized by a continuous increase in blood sugar levels. The causes of diabetes may include genetic factors, environmental factors (such as obesity, aging, bad living habits, etc.), immune factors, and pregnancy. The typical symptoms of diabetes are called "three mores and one less", namely, polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and weight loss. These symptoms are due to the increase in glucose content in urine caused by high blood sugar, increased water loss in the body, and the inability of glucose to be used by cells due to insulin deficiency or insulin resistance, and the body turns to break down fat and protein to provide energy. In addition, it may also manifest as hypoglycemia before meals, fatigue, weight loss, local skin darkening, blurred vision, gastrointestinal discomfort, abnormal sweating, orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction, numbness of hands and feet, frozen shoulder, gingivitis and loose teeth, painless myocardial infarction and other symptoms. The treatment of diabetes requires comprehensive medication, diet control, exercise and blood sugar monitoring, and some patients may need insulin treatment.

Since the discovery of the function of intestinal flora, it has been widely studied. It is called the "second brain" of the human body. It participates in the metabolism and synthesis of substances, maintains normal immune function, and profoundly affects human health from psychology to physiology. The intestinal flora not only plays a role in maintaining the normal physiological function of the body, but is also closely related to the occurrence and development of diabetes. The intestinal flora of diabetic patients differs from that of normal people in structure and function. These differences may affect the development of diabetes by affecting the host's metabolism and immune response. The association between intestinal flora and diabetes may involve multiple mechanisms. On the one hand, intestinal flora participates in the host's energy metabolism and inflammatory response. The metabolites they produce, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), can affect the intestinal anti-inflammatory response ability and activate SCFAs receptors, which may affect the function of pancreatic β cells and insulin sensitivity. On the other hand, intestinal flora imbalance may lead to reduced intestinal barrier function, increased intestinal permeability, and promote the translocation of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (such as LPS) into the blood circulation, causing metabolic endotoxemia and insulin resistance. In addition, some specific members of the intestinal flora, such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, have been considered to be associated with the development of diabetes. Changes in dietary patterns, especially a high-fiber diet, can increase the number of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, which may help improve diabetic conditions. Therapeutic approaches targeting the gut microbiota, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, have shown the potential to improve the composition of the gut microbiota and diabetic symptoms. For example, the use of probiotics may help regulate the gut microbiota, reduce inflammation, and improve insulin sensitivity. Fecal microbiota transplantation may help to re-establish the balance of the gut microbiota and improve insulin sensitivity by transplanting the gut microbiota from a healthy donor into the patient. The gut microbiota is affected by factors such as the environment, diet, and host, and diet is the key to determining the structure and function of the gut microbiota community. Regulating the microbiota through diet, thereby regulating the physiological function of the host, is a recognized nutritional intervention strategy.

Microbiota-directed food (MDF) refers to products designed to change the structure of consumers' intestinal flora. Compared with traditional foods, MDF is designed to target specific intestinal flora, provide some substrates that can be converted by microbiota and are needed by the healthy human body, and precisely and targetedly regulate the intestinal flora, thereby specifically changing the characteristics and functional properties of the intestinal flora. At the 2024 International Food Safety and Health Conference held on April 25, 2024, microbiota-targeted food was listed as one of the top ten research hotspots in global food safety and health; the development of a low-cost microbiota-targeted formula food that can improve diabetes for the general population of diabetic patients has become an urgent need in the market.

Summary of the invention

In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a targeted intestinal flora formula food for improving diabetes and a preparation method thereof, which is a special and low-cost food for regulating blood sugar and is suitable for a large number of diabetic patients.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A targeted intestinal flora formula food for improving diabetes, characterized in that its components and their mass proportions are: 5-20 parts of oatmeal, 5-20 parts of wheat or barley flour, 5-15 parts of peanut kernels, 5-15 parts of chickpeas, 5-15 parts of sunflower seeds, 10-20 parts of inulin, 5-20 parts of isomaltooligosaccharide and 5-10 parts of Bacillus subtilis.

In this way, the intestinal flora targeted formula food for improving diabetes of the present invention is mainly composed of whole grains and nuts rich in dietary fiber, with added prebiotics such as inulin, and added probiotics, which can promote intestinal peristalsis, increase the growth of beneficial bacteria, help maintain the balance of intestinal microorganisms, promote the conversion of cholesterol into bile acid, and lower the cholesterol level in the blood.

Furthermore, the wheat or barley flour is a cooked product.

Further, the wheat or barley is crushed to 40-100 mesh, the moisture content is adjusted to less than 14%, and a twin-screw extruder is used, with the temperature of the extrusion zone I being 120-135° C., the temperature of the extrusion zone II being 135-145° C., the temperature of the extrusion zone III being 145-160° C., and the screw speed being 80-150 rpm; after extrusion, the material is further dried to reduce the moisture content to less than 5%, and then crushed to 80 mesh or less.

Furthermore, the peanut kernels, sunflower seeds and chickpeas are all particles crushed by a chopping device or a crushing device.

Furthermore, the peanut kernels, sunflower seeds and chickpeas are roasted or fried.

Furthermore, the ripening preparation method of the cooked products of peanut kernels, sunflower seeds and chickpeas is: prepare the raw materials according to the process requirements, put them into a baking furnace for baking, the furnace temperature is 190-230°C, the time required by the baking process, then take them out of the oven to cool, peel them if necessary (as needed), screen them, and then chop or crush them to less than 30 meshes.

Furthermore, the resistant starch used is retrograded starch.

A method for preparing an intestinal flora targeted formula food for improving diabetes, characterized by comprising the following steps:

1. According to the process requirements, weigh or prepare the components of the food according to the above ratios;

2. Use multi-step classification method to fully mix the components:

2.1) Add the cooked wheat or barley flour and oat flakes into a mixing container and mix evenly;

2.2) Add the cooked peanut kernels, sunflower seeds and chickpeas into the mixing container and mix evenly;

2.3) According to the process requirements, the mixture in step 2.2) is placed in a blender and stirred, and inulin, resistant starch, isomaltooligosaccharide and Bacillus subtilis are added in sequence during stirring, and the stirring is continued until the mixture is evenly mixed to obtain a preliminary formula food;

3) According to the process requirements, stir-fry the preliminary formula food in a heating pan over low heat for 5-40 minutes;

4) Sterilize the stir-fried product;

5) After sterilization, repackaging is carried out.

Furthermore, the sterilization treatment adopts microwave sterilization, the microwave sterilization power is 600-1500W, the sample amount is 20-100g, and the treatment time is 1-10min.

The method for consuming the intestinal flora targeted formula food for improving diabetes is characterized by using hot water in an amount corresponding to the mass of the food in the packaging bag, stirring and brewing it, or heating and boiling it, and then drinking it directly.

The intestinal flora targeted formula food for improving diabetes and the preparation method thereof of the present invention have the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

1. The intestinal flora targeted formula food for improving diabetes of the present invention is mainly composed of grains and nuts rich in dietary fiber, and is added with prebiotics such as inulin and probiotics, which can promote intestinal peristalsis, increase the growth of beneficial bacteria, help maintain the balance of intestinal microorganisms, and promote the conversion of cholesterol into bile acid, thereby reducing the cholesterol level in the blood;

2. The intestinal flora targeted formula food for improving diabetes of the present invention can slow down the absorption of sugars during digestion, increase the sensitivity of insulin receptors and the utilization rate of insulin, thereby helping to lower postprandial blood sugar levels and improve long-term blood sugar control.

3. The intestinal flora targeted formula food for improving diabetes of the present invention has low cost and is suitable for long-term consumption by a wide range of diabetic patients.

4. The preparation method of the present invention is simple and applicable, and is suitable for the needs of industrial production.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

The invention discloses an intestinal flora targeted formula food for improving diabetes and a preparation method thereof. The raw materials are divided into the following groups according to weight (mass): 5-20 parts of oatmeal, 5-20 parts of wheat or barley flour, 5-15 parts of peanut kernels, 5-15 parts of chickpeas, 5-15 parts of sunflower seeds, 10-20 parts of inulin, 10-20 parts of resistant starch (resistant starch is divided into RS1, RS2, RS3, RS4, etc. according to different sources), 5-20 parts of isomaltooligosaccharide, and 5-10 parts of Bacillus subtilis.

As a further technical solution of the present invention, the wheat or barley flour is a cooked product.

The preparation method of the wheat or barley flour is as follows: dry wheat or barley is crushed to about 60 meshes, such as 40-100 meshes, the moisture content is adjusted to less than 14%, a twin-screw extruder is used, the temperature of the puffing zone I is 120-135° C., the temperature of the puffing zone II is 135-145° C., the temperature of the puffing zone III is 145-160° C., and the screw is 80-150 rpm; after puffing, further drying is performed to reduce the moisture content of the material to less than 5%, and crushing is performed to 80 meshes or less in time.

As a further technical solution of the present invention, the peanut kernels, sunflower seeds and chickpeas are all particles crushed by a chopping device or a crushing device, preferably cooked products after being baked, fried or the like.

The ripening preparation method of peanut kernels, sunflower seeds and chickpeas of the present invention comprises the following steps: selecting and preparing raw materials according to process requirements, baking them in a baking furnace at a temperature of 190-230° C. for a time required by the baking process, usually until the cross section of the kernels is golden yellow and the taste is crispy, then taking them out of the furnace to cool, peeling them if necessary (according to process requirements), screening them, chopping them with a shredder, or crushing them with a grinder to less than 30 meshes.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the inulin is natural inulin derived from chicory, with a degree of polymerization of 2-60.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the resistant starch used is retrograded starch (aged starch).

The intestinal flora targeted formula food for improving diabetes of the present invention comprises the following preparation steps:

1. According to the process requirements, weigh or prepare the components of the food according to the above ratios;

2. Use a multi-step classification method to fully mix the components;

2.1) Add the cooked wheat or barley flour and oat flakes into a mixing container and mix evenly;

2.2) Add the cooked peanut kernels, sunflower seeds and chickpeas into the mixing container and mix evenly;

2.3) According to the process requirements, the mixture in step 2.2) is placed in a blender and stirred. During the stirring period, inulin, resistant starch, isomaltooligosaccharide and Bacillus subtilis are added in sequence or separately, and the stirring is continued until the mixture is evenly mixed, such as stirring for 15-40 minutes. After the mixture is completely mixed, a preliminary formula food is obtained;

3. According to the process requirements, stir-fry the preliminary formula food in a heating pot over low heat for 5-40 minutes until a light fragrance appears, and then remove it quickly;

4. Sterilize the stir-fried product; for example, microwave sterilization can be used. The microwave sterilization conditions are power 600-1500W, sample size 20-100g, and processing time 1-10min;

5. After sterilization, repackaging is carried out, such as vacuum packaging, 50g/bag, 100g/bag, 200g/bag, etc.

The method of taking the intestinal flora targeted formula food for improving diabetes of the present invention is to use hot water (appropriate amount) corresponding to the mass of the food in the packaging bag, stir and brew, or heat and boil, and then drink directly. For example, 50g corresponds to about 500ml of hot water (70-80℃), stir and brew, or heat and boil.

Embodiment 1

The intestinal flora targeted formula food for improving diabetes prepared by the present invention comprises the following raw materials by weight: 20 parts of oatmeal, 20 parts of barley flour, 10 parts of peanut kernels (crushed), 10 parts of chickpeas (crushed), 10 parts of sunflower seeds (crushed), 10 parts of inulin, 10 parts of resistant starch, 5 parts of isomaltooligosaccharide, and 5 parts of Bacillus subtilis.

Embodiment 2

The intestinal flora targeted formula food for improving diabetes prepared by the present invention comprises the following raw materials by weight: 10 parts of oatmeal, 10 parts of barley flour, 10 parts of peanut kernels (crushed), 10 parts of chickpeas (crushed), 10 parts of sunflower seeds (crushed), 15 parts of inulin, 15 parts of resistant starch, 10 parts of isomaltooligosaccharide, and 10 parts of Bacillus subtilis.

Embodiment 3

The intestinal flora targeted formula food for improving diabetes prepared by the present invention comprises the following raw materials by weight: 6 parts of oatmeal, 6 parts of barley flour, 6 parts of peanut kernels (crushed), 6 parts of chickpeas (crushed), 6 parts of sunflower seeds (crushed), 20 parts of inulin, 20 parts of resistant starch, 20 parts of isomaltooligosaccharide, and 10 parts of Bacillus subtilis.

Animal experiment: Detect whether the intestinal flora targeted formula food prepared by the present invention has the effect of regulating blood sugar.

Experimental process: 40 male Kunming mice (KM) aged 8 weeks were divided into 4 groups, 10 mice in each group, a control group and 3 experimental groups; they were first fed with high-calorie feed for 1 month, and STZ was intraperitoneally injected at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight for 7 consecutive days to establish a diabetic mouse model. Then the formula food was added to the feed and mixed (at a ratio of 200 g/kg) as the feed for the experimental group mice, and the control group consumed feed without the formula food of the present invention. Blood sugar was tested at 0d, 7d, 14d, and 28d, and intestinal flora was tested on the 28th day. The test results are as follows:

Note: Experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 correspond to the formula foods in the above examples 1, 2 and 3, respectively; the above values are expressed as "mean ± SD", n=10, * indicates a significant difference from the control group, *p＜0.05, **p＜0.05.

From the experimental results, it can be seen that after eating the formula food prepared by the present invention, the blood sugar of diabetic mice decreased significantly, and the abundance of probiotic bifidobacterium in the intestine also increased significantly. The increase in experimental group 1 reached 58% relative to the control group, the increase in experimental group 2 reached 81%, and the increase in experimental group 3 reached 90%, and the effect was very good.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit the technical solution. Those skilled in the art should understand that those modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solution of the present invention that do not depart from the purpose and scope of the technical solution should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The intestinal flora targeting formula food for improving diabetes is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 5-20 parts of oatmeal, 5-20 parts of wheat or barley flour, 5-15 parts of peanut kernels, 5-15 parts of chickpeas, 5-15 parts of sunflower seeds, 10-20 parts of inulin, 5-20 parts of isomaltooligosaccharides and 5-10 parts of bacillus subtilis.

2. The diabetes improving intestinal flora targeting formula of claim 1, wherein the wheat or barley flour is a cooked product.

3. The targeted formulation for improving diabetic intestinal flora according to claim 2, wherein wheat or barley is crushed to 40-100 mesh, water is adjusted to less than 14%, puffing is performed using a twin screw extrusion puffing machine, puffing zone I temperature is 120-135 ℃, puffing zone ii temperature is 135-145 ℃, puffing zone iii temperature is 145-160 ℃, and screw is 80-150 rpm; puffing, further drying, reducing water content of the material to below 5%, and pulverizing to 80 mesh or below.

4. The intestinal flora targeting formula for improving diabetes according to claim 1, wherein the peanut kernel, sunflower seed, chickpea are all particles crushed by a chopper or a pulverizer.

5. The diabetes improving intestinal flora targeting formula of claim 4, wherein the peanut kernel, sunflower seed, chickpea are roasted or fried.

6. The targeted formulation for improving diabetic intestinal flora according to claim 5, wherein the ripening preparation method of the cooked products of peanut kernel, sunflower seed and chickpea comprises the following steps: preparing raw materials according to process requirements, baking in a baking furnace at 190-230deg.C for a desired time, cooling, peeling if necessary, and cutting or pulverizing to below 30 mesh.

7. The diabetes improving intestinal flora targeting formula of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the resistant starch is retrograded starch.

8. A preparation method of an intestinal flora targeting formula food for improving diabetes, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) According to the process requirements, the components of the formula are respectively weighed or prepared according to the proportions of any one of claims 1 to 7;

2) The components are fully mixed by a multi-step fractionation method:

2.1 Adding the cooked wheat or barley flour and the oatmeal into a mixing container and uniformly stirring;

2.2 Adding cured peanut kernels, sunflower seeds and chickpeas into a mixing container, and uniformly stirring;

2.3 Placing the mixture in the step 2.2) into a stirrer for stirring according to the technological requirements, sequentially adding inulin, resistant starch, isomaltooligosaccharide and bacillus subtilis during stirring, and continuously stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a primary formula food;

3) According to the technological requirements, the preliminary formula food is placed in a heating pot and stir-fried with small fire for 5-40 minutes;

4) Sterilizing the stir-fried product;

5) And (5) packaging after sterilization treatment.

9. The method for preparing the target formula food for improving the intestinal flora of the diabetes mellitus, according to claim 8, wherein the sterilization treatment adopts microwave sterilization treatment, the power of the microwave sterilization treatment is 600-1500W, the sample amount is 20-100 g, and the treatment time is 1-10 min.

10. The method for eating the intestinal flora targeted formula food for improving diabetes is characterized in that hot water with the quantity corresponding to the quality of food contained in a packaging bag is used for stirring and brewing or is directly drunk after being heated and boiled.