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CN118818648A - Surface plasma holographic grating generation device, method and ultra-strong vortex laser generation method - Google Patents

Surface plasma holographic grating generation device, method and ultra-strong vortex laser generation method Download PDF

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CN118818648A
CN118818648A CN202411222547.6A CN202411222547A CN118818648A CN 118818648 A CN118818648 A CN 118818648A CN 202411222547 A CN202411222547 A CN 202411222547A CN 118818648 A CN118818648 A CN 118818648A
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light
laser
object light
surface plasmon
holographic grating
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CN118818648B (en
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余同普
张昊
张凌宇
黄宏韬
王景怡
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National University of Defense Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1847—Manufacturing methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1847—Manufacturing methods
    • G02B5/1857—Manufacturing methods using exposure or etching means, e.g. holography, photolithography, exposure to electron or ion beams
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/0005—Adaptation of holography to specific applications
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
    • G03H1/0465—Particular recording light; Beam shape or geometry
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
    • G03H2001/0208—Individual components other than the hologram
    • G03H2001/0212—Light sources or light beam properties

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention provides a device and a method for generating a surface plasma holographic grating and a method for generating ultra-strong vortex laser, which comprise the steps of utilizing a beam of vortex laser and a beam of Gaussian laser to irradiate the surface of a plasma target simultaneously and interfere to form the surface plasma holographic grating. Further, the reading light irradiates the surface plasmon hologram grating, and when the reading light is diffracted by the surface plasmon hologram grating, the reading light also replicates the phase of the vortex laser and is converted into super-strong vortex laser, wherein the reading light is super-high intensity gaussian laser. The invention provides a feasible way for generating the ultra-strong tightly focused vortex laser.

Description

Surface plasma holographic grating generating device and method and super-strong vortex laser generating method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser and plasmas, and particularly relates to a device and a method for generating a surface plasma holographic grating and a method for generating ultra-strong vortex laser.
Background
Since the Chirped Pulse Amplification (CPA) invention, high power laser technology has evolved rapidly over the past decades. The high-power laser has super-strong laser intensity (more than or equal to 10 18W/cm2), has become a basic stone for intense field scientific research, and has been applied to generation of high-energy particles, physical astronomical physics in laboratories, attosecond science and laser-substance interaction substances. However, as the peak power of the laser increases, manipulation of super lasers is increasingly challenging, mainly due to the limited damage threshold of solid optical materials. To overcome this difficulty, there has been extensive research into plasma optical elements, which have been rapidly developed because the optical damage threshold is several orders of magnitude higher than that of solid-state optical elements. Over the past decades, various advanced plasma optical components have been demonstrated to manipulate the temporal contrast, intensity, duration, phase and polarization of relativistic intensity laser pulses. In addition, plasmon holographic gratings have been used in various fields as an advanced plasmon optical device, particularly for generating vortex lasers of relativistic intensity.
Over the past decades, considerable attention has been paid to relativistic vortex laser plasma interactions. By virtue of the helical electromagnetic field and unique Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM), vortex lasers have become unique tools for accelerating and manipulating relatively charged particles, and Angular Momentum (AM) transfer between charged particles and fields under strong field conditions can be studied in depth. However, these exciting theoretical and numerical studies rely primarily on the relativistic intensity of the vortex laser and the high quality vortex phase. To advance experimental studies of relativistic vortex laser interactions with plasmas, researchers have proposed various schemes to produce relativistic intensity vortex lasers such as optical fans, raman amplification, brillouin scattering, plasma holography, plasma q-plates, spiral foil, spiral phase plasmas, and azimuthal plasma phase plates during the last decade. In theoretical or simulation-based schemes, the precise three-dimensional structure of the plasma target required for some schemes places high demands on laser temporal contrast and is therefore unsuitable for high repetition rate laser systems. Furthermore, the principle of amplification of vortex lasers by raman amplification or brillouin scattering schemes relies on energy transfer between particles, plasma waves and electromagnetic waves, which limits their ability to further amplify the intensity of the vortex laser.
In recent years, the maximum intensity of vortex lasers generated in the laboratory using either reflective phase plates or off-axis spiral phase mirrors has remained around 10 20W/cm2. As the intensity of the output vortex laser continues to increase, the size of the required optics is also increasing. Therefore, it is still very important to design a practical method for generating ultra-strong vortex laser.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for generating a surface plasma holographic grating and a method for generating ultra-strong vortex laser.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
In one aspect, a surface plasmon hologram grating generating apparatus is provided, including an object light generating unit, a reference light generating unit, a synchronization control unit, and a plasma target;
The object light generating unit is used for generating object light, and the object light is vortex laser;
The reference light generation unit is used for reference light, and the reference light is Gaussian laser;
and the synchronous control unit is used for controlling the object light generating unit and the reference light generating unit, so that vortex laser generated by the object light generating unit and Gaussian laser generated by the reference light generating unit are simultaneously irradiated to the surface of the plasma target and interfere to form the surface plasma holographic grating.
Preferably, the intensity of the object light is equal to or more than 10 16W/cm2, and the intensity of the reference light is equal to or more than 10 16W/cm2.
Preferably, the reference light is a linearly polarized gaussian laser light propagating along the optical axis.
Preferably, the object light is a linearly polarized lager-gaussian laser.
In one aspect, a method for generating a surface plasmon hologram grating is provided, wherein a beam of object light and a beam of reference light are simultaneously irradiated to the surface of a plasma target and interfere to form the surface plasmon hologram grating, the object light is vortex laser, and the reference light is Gaussian laser.
On the other hand, a super vortex laser generating method is provided, which comprises the following steps:
a beam of object light and a beam of reference light are simultaneously irradiated to the surface of a plasma target and interfere to form a surface plasma holographic grating, wherein the object light is vortex laser, and the reference light is Gaussian laser;
The surface plasmon hologram grating is irradiated by the reading light, when the reading light is diffracted by the surface plasmon hologram grating, the reading light replicates the phase of vortex laser and is converted into super-strong vortex laser, wherein the reading light is super-high-intensity Gaussian laser, and the intensity of the reading light is more than or equal to 10 18W/cm2.
Preferably, the intensity of the object light is not less than 10 16W/cm2, the intensity of the reference light is not less than 10 16W/cm2, the generated super vortex laser has the characteristics of super-high intensity, small light spot size and large Angular Momentum (AM), wherein the super vortex laser intensity is more than 1.7X10 21W/cm2, the light spot size of the strong vortex laser is less than 2λ 0, and the light spot size of the strong vortex laser is more than 3.67X10 -16kg·m2/s,λ0 and is the wavelength of the object light.
The pattern of the surface plasmon hologram grating in the present invention is related to the parameters of the object light and the reference light:
When the focused spot size w o of the object light and the focused spot size w r of the reference light and the angle θ between the object light and the optical axis satisfy the following conditions: θ=0°, w r～wo＞＞λo, where λ o is the wavelength of the object light, the surface plasmon hologram exhibiting a circular feature, the number of vortex arms increasing with an increase in the topological charge number of the object light,;
When the focused spot size w o of the object light and the focused spot size w r of the reference light and the angle θ between the object light and the optical axis satisfy the following conditions: θ+.0 °, w r＞＞wo～λo, the surface plasmon hologram exhibits a fork-like character, and the number of fork-like fringes increases with increasing topological charge number l of the object light.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
The invention generates surface plasma holographic grating (SPH) by the interference of vortex laser and Gaussian laser on the surface of the plasma target, thereby generating super-strong vortex laser. The super-strong vortex laser produced by the invention has the characteristics of super-high intensity (reaching 1.7X10 21W/cm2), small light spot size (2λ 0), large AM (reaching 3.67X10 -16kg·m2/s) and the like, and the energy conversion efficiency is as high as 13.66%.
Further by adjusting the parameters of the driving laser (object light or/and reference light), the surface plasmon distribution pattern of the Surface Plasmon Hologram (SPH) can be adjusted.
In addition, in the invention, the Surface Plasmon Hologram (SPH) is irradiated by ultra-strong Gaussian reading light, so that ultra-high-strength tightly focused vortex laser can be generated, and a feasible way is provided for generating the ultra-strong tightly focused vortex laser.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the structures shown in these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a surface plasmon hologram grating generation;
Fig. 2 shows several surface plasmon holographic gratings (SPH), of which (a) shows a surface plasmon holographic grating (SPH) of l=1, θ=0°, (b) shows a surface plasmon holographic grating (SPH) of l=2, θ=0°, (c) shows a surface plasmon holographic grating (SPH) of l=1, θ=20°, (d) shows a surface plasmon holographic grating (SPH) of l=2, θ=20°;
Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of Surface Plasmon Hologram (SPH) and super vortex laser generation, in which (a) shows a schematic diagram of object light and reference light being simultaneously irradiated to the surface of a plasma target and interfering, (b) shows a schematic diagram of the formed surface plasmon hologram, (c) shows a schematic diagram of reading light irradiating the surface plasmon hologram, and the surface of the plasma target reflecting and outputting super vortex laser:
Fig. 4 shows a lateral electric field distribution of object light, reference light and its interference light at x=25λ 0, where (a) shows a lateral distribution of the electric field E y of the object light at x=25λ 0, (b) shows a lateral distribution of the electric field E y of the reference light at x=25λ 0, (c) Exhibits a lateral distribution of the electric field E y of the interference light at x=25λ 0; (d) Exhibits the intensity distribution of the interfering laser and its transverse mass dynamics at x=23.9λ 0 cross-section at t=60T 0, (e) exhibits the intensity distribution at x=24.15λ 0 cross-section at t=60T 0, the intensity distribution of the interfering laser and its transverse mass dynamics, (f) shows the intensity distribution of the interfering laser and its transverse mass dynamics at x=24.4λ 0 cross section at t=60T 0, (g) shows the density of electrons at t=60T 0, (h) Shows the density of protons at t=60T 0, (i) shows the difference in density of electrons and protons at t=60T 0;
Fig. 5 shows the lateral distribution of electron and proton density at the x=25λ 0-25.4λ0 position at t=60T 0, where (a) shows the lateral distribution of electron density at the x=25λ 0 cross-section at t=60T 0, (b) shows the lateral distribution of electron density at the x=25.2λ 0 cross-section at t=60T 0, (c) shows the lateral distribution of electron density at the x=25.4λ 0 cross-section at t=60T 0, (d) shows the lateral distribution of proton density at the x=25λ 0 cross-section at t=60T 0, (e) shows the lateral distribution of proton density at the x=25.2λ 0 cross-section at t=60T 0, (f) shows the lateral distribution of proton density at the x=25.4λ 0 cross-section at t=60T 0;
Fig. 6 shows a three-dimensional isosurface distribution of the electric field E y and a transverse electric field E y distribution at different cross sections, where (a) shows a three-dimensional isosurface plot of the y-direction electric field at time t=388T 0, to the right of x=14.5λ 0 (y, z) plane E y, the bottom is the projection of the laser intensity on the (x, y) plane, taking z=0λ 0, the (x, z) projection plane on the back is taken y=0λ 0, where I represents the intensity of the output vortex laser, (b) A simulation result diagram showing the distribution of the transverse electric field E y of the cross section x=7.1λ 0 at t=388T 0, (c) a simulation result diagram showing the distribution of the transverse electric field E y of the cross section x=7.6λ 0 at t=388T 0, (d) A simulation result diagram showing the distribution of the transverse electric field E y of the cross section x=8.1λ 0 at t=388T 0, (E) a theoretical calculation result diagram showing the distribution of the transverse electric field E y of the cross section x=7.1λ 0 at t=388T 0, (f) A theoretical calculation result diagram showing the distribution of the transverse electric field E y of the x=7.6λ 0 cross section at t=388T 0, (g) a theoretical calculation result diagram showing the distribution of the transverse electric field E y of the x=8.1λ 0 cross section at t=388T 0;
Fig. 7 shows a cross-section of vortex laser intensity, a lager-gaussian (LG) mode spectrum, evolution of laser total angular momentum and energy conversion efficiency, and evolution of average angular momentum of laser photons, where (a) shows the intensity distribution of output read light in a cross-section of x=6λ 0 at t=390T 0, (b) shows the LG mode spectrum of the output vortex laser at the cross-section, (c) shows the evolution of laser AM and vortex laser energy conversion efficiency;
Fig. 8 shows the lateral distributions of the laser intensities and their lateral mass dynamics in different cases and the lateral distributions of the electron and proton densities in different cases, (a) shows the lateral and lateral mass dynamics of the interference light intensity in the case of l=2, (b) shows the electron density distribution in the case of l=2, (c) shows the proton density distribution in the case of l=2, (d) shows the lateral and lateral mass dynamics of the interference light intensity in the case of oblique incidence, (e) shows the electron density distribution in the case of oblique incidence, (f) shows the proton density distribution in the case of oblique incidence;
FIG. 9 shows the effect of different driving laser parameters on surface plasmon holographic grating (SPH) and output vortex laser, where (a) shows the effect of the driving laser parameters on the average depth of SPH (d 0) and (b) shows the ratio of output vortex laser intensity to incident read light intensity (I/I 0); (c) Scaling of the output vortex laser AM (L x, black circle), energy conversion efficiency of the vortex laser pulse (η, red circle), and ratio of output vortex laser intensity to incident read light intensity (I/I 0, blue circle) are shown, with laser electric field amplitude of a r-o; (d) Simulation results of the laser spot size w r-o changing from 8λ 0 to 16λ 0 are shown.
The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the spirit of the present disclosure will be clearly described in the following drawings and detailed description, and any person skilled in the art, after having appreciated the embodiments of the present disclosure, may make alterations and modifications by the techniques taught by the present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the descriptions thereof are intended to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
In one embodiment, a surface plasmon hologram grating generating apparatus is provided, which includes an object light generating unit, a reference light generating unit, a synchronization control unit, and a plasma target;
the object light generating unit is used for generating object light 1, and the object light is vortex laser.
The reference light generating unit is used for reference light 2, and the reference light is Gaussian laser.
And the synchronous control unit is used for controlling the object light generating unit and the reference light generating unit to enable vortex laser generated by the object light generating unit and Gaussian laser generated by the reference light generating unit to be simultaneously irradiated on the surface of the plasma target and interfere, so as to form the surface plasma holographic grating 3.
Further, the intensity of the object light is more than or equal to 10 16W/cm2, the laser spot size is smaller (the wavelength of the object light is less than or equal to 2λ 0,λ0), and the laser pulse width is in the picosecond femtosecond order.
Further, the intensity of the reference light is more than or equal to 10 16W/cm2.
When the incident angle of the object light is normal incidence, the focusing position is tens of micrometers in front of the target. When the reference light incidence angle is normal incidence, the focusing position is tens of micrometers in front of the target.
Further, when the object light and the reference light are both normal incidence (i.e., the object light and the reference light are perpendicularly incident to the surface of the plasma target), the generated surface plasmon hologram grating exhibits a circular characteristic, and when the object light and the reference light are both oblique incidence (i.e., the object light and the reference light are obliquely incident to the surface of the plasma target at a certain angle), the surface plasmon hologram grating exhibits a fork characteristic.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention proposes a surface plasmon hologram grating generating method, in which a beam of object light 1 and a beam of reference light 2 are simultaneously irradiated onto the surface of a plasma target and interfere to form a surface plasmon hologram grating 3, wherein the object light is vortex laser, and the reference light is gaussian laser.
After the formation of the surface plasmon hologram grating (SPH), an ultra-high intensity gaussian laser as reading light irradiates the surface plasmon hologram grating (SPH). When the read light is diffracted by a Surface Plasmon Hologram (SPH), it also replicates the phase of the object light (vortex laser) and is converted into a super-vortex laser. Therefore, in an embodiment of the present invention, a method for generating ultra-strong vortex laser is provided, including:
a beam of object light and a beam of reference light are simultaneously irradiated to the surface of a plasma target and interfere to form a surface plasma holographic grating, wherein the object light is vortex laser, and the reference light is Gaussian laser;
When the read light is diffracted by the surface plasmon hologram grating, the read light replicates the phase of vortex laser and is converted into super-strong vortex laser, and the super-strong vortex laser is output through the surface reflection of the plasma target. Wherein: the reading light is ultra-high intensity Gaussian laser with the intensity more than or equal to 10 18W/cm2, the laser pulse width scale is the femtosecond scale, and the incident angle and the incident position are consistent with those of the reference light.
Preferably, the intensity of the object light is not less than 10 16W/cm2, the intensity of the reference light is not less than 10 16W/cm2, the generated super vortex laser has the characteristics of super high intensity, small light spot size and large AM, wherein the super vortex laser intensity is greater than 1.7X10 21W/cm2, the light spot size of the strong vortex laser is less than 2λ 0, and the light spot size of the strong vortex laser is greater than 3.67X10 -16kg·m2/s,λ0 and is the wavelength of the object light.
The relativistic intensity of the gaussian laser can be achieved by using existing chirped pulse laser technology, and is generated by a laser of the order of hundreds of watts. The laser powers of the object light and the reference light reach the level of one hundred watts, and phases of the object light and the reference light are coherent with each other.
The basic feature of a Surface Plasmon Hologram (SPH) is that it can record, store and recover the phase of a light beam. The working principle of the Surface Plasmon Hologram (SPH) is described below by taking vortex laser as object light and gaussian laser as reference light as an example.
In one embodiment, the object light is a Linearly Polarized (LP) lager-gaussian (LG) laser having an angle of incidence θ with respect to the optical axis, and the reference light is an LP gaussian laser propagating along the optical axis. Electric field amplitude of object lightElectric field amplitude of reference lightCan be expressed as:
Wherein the method comprises the steps of Is a cylindrical coordinate, y is a rectangular coordinate, i is an imaginary unit, A spatial correlation is described and a method for determining the spatial correlation,And The rayleigh lengths of the object light and the reference light, respectively. E o and E r are respectively taken as unit amplitudes of object light and reference light, i represents topological charge number of the object light, p represents radial index of the object light, p=0, k o and k r represent wave vectors of the object light and the reference light respectively, k o＝kr＝k.λo and λ r are respectively wavelengths of the object light and the reference light, and w o and w r are respectively focused spot sizes of the object light and the reference light;
Then, the object light and the reference light are simultaneously irradiated to the surface of the plasma target and interfere, and the intensity of the generated interference light can be written as:
here, the topological charge number of the object light, Is the angular coordinate in the cylindrical coordinates. When the focused spot size w o of the object light and the focused spot size w r of the reference light and the angle θ between the object light and the optical axis satisfy the following conditions, the intensities of the interference light may be respectively reduced to:
The pattern of the Surface Plasmon Hologram (SPH) is related to the parameters of the object light and the reference light, and the topological charge number l of the object light can be known from the pattern of the Surface Plasmon Hologram (SPH). When the read light (having a similar profile as the reference light) is diffracted by the Surface Plasmon Hologram (SPH), it will replicate the phase of the light.
Fig. 2 shows several surface plasmon holographic gratings (SPH), of which (a) shows a surface plasmon holographic grating (SPH) of l=1, θ=0°, (b) shows a surface plasmon holographic grating (SPH) of l=2, θ=0°, (c) shows a surface plasmon holographic grating (SPH) of l=1, θ=20°, (d) shows a surface plasmon holographic grating (SPH) of l=2, θ=20°. As in fig. 2 (a) - (b), when the focused spot size w o of the object light and the focused spot size w r of the reference light and the angle θ between the object light and the optical axis satisfy the following conditions: θ=0°, w r～wo＞＞λo, where λ o is the wavelength of the object light, the Surface Plasmon Hologram (SPH) exhibits a circular character, and the number of vortex arms increases with an increase in the topological charge number l of the object light. When the focused spot size w o of the object light and the focused spot size w r of the reference light and the angle θ between the object light and the optical axis satisfy the following conditions: θ+.0 °, w r＞＞wo～λo, surface plasmon holographic grating (SPH) exhibits a fork-like character and the number of fork-like fringes increases with increasing topological charge number l of the object light. This shows that the pattern of the Surface Plasmon Hologram (SPH) is related to the parameters of the object light and the reference light, and the topological charge number l of the object light can be known by the pattern of the Surface Plasmon Hologram (SPH). When the read light is diffracted by a Surface Plasmon Hologram (SPH), it replicates the phase of the light.
Fig. 3 shows schematic diagrams of Surface Plasmon Hologram (SPH) and super vortex laser generation, in which (a) shows a schematic diagram of object light and reference light being simultaneously irradiated to the surface of a plasma target and interfering, (b) shows a schematic diagram of the formed surface plasmon hologram, (c) shows a schematic diagram of reading light irradiating the surface plasmon hologram, and the surface of the plasma target reflecting and outputting super vortex laser. A surface plasmon hologram grating 3 is formed by simultaneously irradiating a beam of object light 1 and a beam of reference light 2to the surface of a plasmon target and interfering with each other. The reading light 4 irradiates the surface plasmon hologram grating 3, and when the reading light 4 is diffracted by the surface plasmon hologram grating 3, the reading light replicates the phase of vortex laser and is converted into super vortex laser, and the super vortex laser 5 is output by the surface reflection of the plasma target. In the present invention, a linearly polarized laguerre laser light of which the mode is (l=1, p=0) is used as the object light, and two linearly polarized gaussian lasers are used as the reference light and the reading light, respectively. The object light and the reference light are incident from the left side of the analog space at the same time. The amplitudes of the dimensionless laser electric fields of the three lasers of the object light 1, the reference light 2, and the read light 4 can be expressed as: And Here ao＝(eEo)(mecω0)＝1.2,ar＝(eEr)(mecω0)＝0.3, and a r-o＝(eEr-o)(mecω0) =12 is the peak amplitude of the corresponding laser,Is a spatially dependent phase. w o＝1.5λ0,wo＝wr-o＝1.5λ0 is the laser focus spot size, lambda 0 is the object light wavelength, T 0 is the laser period of the object light, and omega 0 is the object light frequency. e. m e and c are the unit charge, electron mass and speed of light in vacuum, respectively. The focal point of the laser in vacuum is located at x=0λ 0. The three lasers are all gaussian time-distributed, the pulse duration of the object and reference light is τ=τ o＝τr＝300T0, and the pulse duration of the read light is τ r-o＝7T0. the read light delays incidence after 300T 0. The simulation space was set to 55λ 0(x)×40λ0(y)×40λ0 (z), the grid was set to 1100×800×800, and 9 macro-particles were set per grid. The left-hand coordinate of the simulation space is x= -20λ 0. The flat plate target consists of fully ionized protons and electrons in the region 25 lambda 0＜x＜32λ0,-18λ0 < y and z < 18 lambda 0. the density of the target increases linearly longitudinally between x=25λ 0 and x=27.5λ 0, increasing from 6n c to 30n c. The target density was kept constant at 30n c between x=27.5λ 0 and x=32λ 0, where, Is the critical density and epsilon 0 is the vacuum dielectric constant.
Fig. 4 shows the transverse electric field distribution of the object light, the reference light and its interference light at x=25λ 0, the intensity distribution of the interference light and its transverse plasmon, and the densities of electrons and protons and their density differences over different cross sections. Fig. 4 (a) - (c) show the lateral distribution of the electric field E y of the object light, the reference light and the interference light, respectively, at x=25λ 0. As shown in fig. 4 (c), the electric field of the interference light has a spiral distribution at the cross section. The maximum amplitude E y is a i =0.2, corresponding to the intensity 10 17W/cm2. When the target surface is irradiated with interfering light, the surface electrons are mainly driven by the prime mover of the laser light.
In order to investigate the formation of surface plasmon holographic gratings (SPHs), the present invention calculated the lateral mass dynamics of the interfering light. The lateral mass-dynamics of the interfering light can be written as:
With a qualitative power potential of phi pond, in fig. 4 (d) - (f), the intensity of the interfering light has a similar helical profile, which is well in accordance with fig. 2 (a). Whereas the laser beam has a substantial transverse power that is primarily in a helical pattern along the intensity of the interference light. Under the influence of the interference light, electrons on the target surface will move in the direction of their own mass power. However, the movement velocity of protons is much lower than that of electrons, since their charge-to-mass ratio is smaller than that of electrons. Thus, unlike the surface electron density that has been preliminarily modulated, the density of surface protons does not undergo significant changes as shown in fig. 4 (g) - (i). The accumulation of differences in electron and proton density distribution on the target surface results in an increase in the magnitude of the charge separation electric field. Once the amplitude of the charge separation field reaches a certain threshold, it will drive the movement of protons. The movement of protons in the charge separation field is driven by the force of an electric field, enabling the density of protons to be modulated. Modulation of the Surface Plasmon Hologram (SPH) is completed when the electron density matches the proton density distribution and the electric field force of electrons from the charge separation field balances the plastical force from the interference light.
Fig. 5 shows the lateral distribution of electron and proton densities at several cross sections at t=300T 0. With the interaction between the interference light and the plasma flat plate target, after 300T 0, the density distribution of electrons and protons on the target surface exhibits a spiral distribution corresponding to the laser intensity.
The generation of high quality relativistic intensity vortex lasers in the laboratory has become one of the areas of intense research, as relativistic intensity vortex laser plasma interactions have attracted considerable attention to researchers. When forming a surface plasmon hologram grating (SPH), read light (super gaussian laser) is incident from the left side of the simulation space at t=320T 0. When the read light is diffracted by the surface plasmon hologram grating, due to the spiral density distribution of the concave-convex distribution of the surface plasmon hologram grating (SPH), when the read light is reflected by the surface plasmon hologram grating, different areas of the read light experience different optical paths, the reflected read light obtains a phase difference corresponding to the surface plasmon hologram grating (SPH), so that the phase of object light (vortex laser) is reproduced, and finally the read light reflected and output is converted into vortex laser at a focus, thereby realizing the output of super-strong vortex laser.
Fig. 6 shows the three-dimensional iso-surface distribution of the electric field and the cross-sectional distribution of the laser electric field in the case of theory and simulation, respectively. Fig. 6 (a) shows a three-dimensional iso-surface distribution of the electric field E y at t=380T 0. As shown in fig. 6 (a), the electric field spatial distribution of the output read light exhibits a typical helical hollow characteristic. In order to evaluate the diffraction performance of a Surface Plasmon Hologram (SPH), the invention theoretically uses the isosurface of the proton density of the surface of a plasma targetConsidered as a total reflection mirror and substituting its spatial distribution into the fresnel-kirchhoff diffraction formula, the diffraction field can be expressed as:
Here, the Representing an incident Gaussian laser, t (y ', z') represents the iso-surface spatial distribution of SPH proton density,Is a tilt factor. The present invention selects three positions along the x-axis in the range of 7.1λ 0-8.1λ0 to calculate the diffraction electric field E y of the output read light. FIGS. 6 (b) - (d) and (e) - (g) show the results of the analysis. As shown in fig. 6 (b) - (g), both exhibited pronounced LG 10 mode laser characteristics and the theoretical calculations were substantially consistent with the simulation results. Since the incident object light is a tightly focused pulse at x=0λ 0, the output read light is also focused near x=0λ 0 after the phase of the replica light. The focal spot size of the output read light is reduced from 12 lambda 0 to about 2 lambda 0 and its intensity is increased by an order of magnitude compared to the incident read light.
Fig. 7 shows a cross-section of the intensity of a vortex laser, a lager-gaussian mode spectrum, the evolution of the total angular momentum of the laser and the energy conversion efficiency into a vortex laser, and the evolution of the average angular momentum of the laser photons. Fig. 7 (a) shows the intensity distribution of the output read light in the cross section of x=6λ 0 at t=390T 0. The results show that the maximum intensity of the generated vortex laser in the focusing area can reach 1.7×10 21W/cm2. The invention provides a feasible way for generating vortex laser pulses with high focusing intensity. Fig. 7 (b) shows LG mode spectra of the output vortex laser at the cross section. In addition to intensity, the mode spectral distribution of the output vortex laser is also important, and many applications of the intensity vortex laser rely on high quality single mode. Thus, to study the weights of the different modes in the output vortex laser, the present invention selects the electric field cross section at x=6λ 0 at t=390T 0 for the output laser and calculates the corresponding weights for the different LG modes from l=0 to l=4. The weights of the LG gaussian lasers of different modes can be expressed as:
Where E y (r, φ, x) and E lp (r, φ, x) are the transverse electric fields at the cross section of the output read light and LG lp laser, respectively. The lateral electric field of the LG lp laser can be written as:
exp[-r2/w2(x)]×cos[k0x-ω0t+φlp(r，x)+lφ]
Wherein L lp is a generalized Laguerre polynomial, the radial index is p, and the azimuth index is L. The present invention sets p=0 and changes l in the calculation. As shown in fig. 6 (b), the main mode of the output vortex laser was LG 10 and the weight was 76.6%, which is consistent with the simulation result in fig. 6. Other LG gaussian laser modes are not discussed herein because they are less weighted.
In addition, the invention also calculates the total AM of the vortex laser, the energy conversion efficiency to the vortex laser and the average AM of the laser photons in the focal volume (3λ 0＜x＜10λ0). It is known that the electromagnetic AM and energy of a laser pulse can be written as L laser＝ε0∫r×(E×B)dV＝Lx+Ly+Lz and L laser＝ε0∫r×(E×B)dV＝Lx+Ly+Lz, respectivelyMu 0 is the vacuum permeability, and the average AM of photons can be written as:
Where s and j denote here the spin and orbital angular momentum of the photon, respectively, Is the laser photon energy. The AM discussed in this invention corresponds primarily to the laser pulses, provided that the AM carried by the laser pulses is primarily along their propagation axis. Fig. 7 (c) shows the evolution of the laser AM and vortex laser energy conversion efficiency. After entering the focal region, the laser gradually turns into a vortex laser whose AM increases and reaches a maximum of 3.67×10 -16kg·m2/s at t=388T 0. As the laser exits the focal volume, the laser diverges and loses the vortex phase, resulting in a decrease in AM. The evolution of the energy conversion efficiency of the vortex laser is consistent with the evolution of AM, with a maximum of 13.66%. Fig. 7 (d) shows the evolution of the laser photon average AM. More importantly, the average AM of the laser photons remains almost constant around 0.8h, with a maximum of 0.83h.
Fig. 8 shows the lateral distribution of laser intensities and their lateral mass dynamics in different cases and the lateral distribution of electron and proton densities in different cases. Fig. 8 (a) - (c) show the lateral distribution of the intensity of the interference light and its lateral mass dynamics, electron density and proton density, respectively, in the case of l=2. When the parameter l of the object light becomes 2, the number of spiral arms in the lateral distribution of the interference light intensity becomes 2. Therefore, the surface electron and proton density distribution of the Surface Plasmon Hologram (SPH) formed under the interference light irradiation also exhibits two spiral arms, which is consistent with the theoretical result shown in fig. 2 (b). Subsequently, the present invention sets the object light to be incident at an angle θ=20° with respect to the optical axis, and in the simulation, the focal spot of the laser light is W 0＝12λ0, and the amplitude is a o =0.356. Fig. 8 (d) - (f) show the intensity of the interference light and its lateral mass dynamics, electron density and proton density, respectively. When the object light is changed to oblique incidence and has a large focal spot, the lateral distribution of the interference light intensity is changed from a spiral pattern to a fork pattern. Similarly, electron and proton density distribution of SPH formed by the interference light irradiation is also converted into a fork pattern.
Fig. 9 shows the effect of different driving laser parameters on surface plasmon holographic grating (SPH) and output vortex laser. The present invention changes the parameters of the driving laser (object light and reference light) in the (a o, τ) plane. First, the invention discusses the effect of the intensity and duration of the driving laser on SPH formation, and keeps all other parameters unchanged, with normalized amplitude and duration of the driving laser from a o =0 to a o =3, τ=0 ps to 2.5ps, respectively. As previously described, SPH records and transmits the vortex phase of vortex laser light through its surface plasmon density profile. Thus, the present invention calculates the position from the original target surface To the average depth of the surface position of the formed Surface Plasmon Hologram (SPH). Fig. 9 (a) and (b) show the effect of the parameters of the driving laser on the average depth of SPH (d 0), and show the ratio of output vortex laser intensity to incident read light intensity (I/I 0), respectively. As shown in fig. 8 (a), in SPH generation, the duration and intensity of the driving laser are a set of coupled parameters. when the pulse width or intensity of the driving laser cannot reach a certain threshold, it is difficult for the driving laser to generate SPH having a sufficient depth. In this case, the ratio of the output vortex laser intensity to the incident reading light intensity is also small, as shown in fig. 9 (b). Once the duration and intensity of the driving laser reaches a certain threshold, the resulting Surface Plasmon Hologram (SPH) can amplify the intensity of the output vortex laser by an order of magnitude. However, as the duration and intensity of the driving laser further increases, the amplification value of the intensity of the reflected vortex laser light generated by the Surface Plasmon Hologram (SPH) decreases instead. This indicates that there is an optimal parametric region within the parameter space studied that amplifies the vortex laser intensity. The invention keeps all other parameters unchanged but changes the normalized amplitude a r-o of the incident read light from 8 to 16. Fig. 9 (c) shows the scaling of the output vortex laser AM (L x, black circle), the energy conversion efficiency of the vortex laser pulse (η, red circle), and the ratio of the output vortex laser intensity to the incident read light intensity (I/I 0, blue circle), where the laser electric field amplitude is a r-o. As shown in fig. 9 (c), as the amplitude of the read light increases, the AM of the output vortex laser light exhibits an approximately linear increase, and the energy conversion efficiency of the vortex laser light decreases approximately linearly. However, the ratio of output vortex laser to incident read light intensity is insensitive to variations in the laser normalized amplitude a r-o. It increases slightly with increasing a o before decreasing, reaching a maximum of 8.57 at a r-o =12. The present invention then considers the effect of the spot size w r-o of the incident read-out light on the vortex laser. Fig. 9 (d) shows the simulation result of the laser spot size w r-o changing from 8λ 0 to 16λ 0, keeping all other parameters unchanged. as shown in fig. 9 (d), the AM of the output vortex laser light increases as the incident laser light spot size increases. However, as the spot size w r-o of the incident laser light increases, the energy conversion efficiency of the vortex laser light is significantly reduced. Since SPH is formed in an interference region generated by object light and reference light and its depth gradually decreases outward along the optical axis, peripheral laser light cannot be effectively diffracted by a Surface Plasmon Hologram (SPH) as the size of a focal spot of incident laser light gradually increases, and in these cases, the energy conversion efficiency of generating vortex laser light gradually decreases. in addition, the ratio of output vortex laser to incident read light intensity is insensitive to variations in laser spot size.
The invention is not a matter of the known technology.
The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples merely represent a few embodiments of the present application, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the application. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the application, which are all within the scope of the application. Accordingly, the scope of the application should be assessed as that of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1.表面等离子体全息光栅产生装置，其特征在于，包括物光产生单元、参考光产生单元、同步控制单元以及等离子体靶；1. A surface plasmon holographic grating generating device, characterized in that it comprises an object light generating unit, a reference light generating unit, a synchronization control unit and a plasma target; 所述物光产生单元，用于产生物光，所述物光为涡旋激光；The object light generating unit is used to generate object light, and the object light is vortex laser; 所述参考光产生单元，用于参考光，所述参考光为高斯激光；The reference light generating unit is used for reference light, and the reference light is Gaussian laser; 同步控制单元，用于控制物光产生单元、参考光产生单元，使物光产生单元产生的涡旋激光、参考光产生单元产生的高斯激光同时照射到等离子体靶的表面并且干涉，形成表面等离子体全息光栅。The synchronous control unit is used to control the object light generating unit and the reference light generating unit so that the vortex laser generated by the object light generating unit and the Gaussian laser generated by the reference light generating unit are simultaneously irradiated onto the surface of the plasma target and interfere with each other to form a surface plasma holographic grating. 2.根据权利要求1所述的表面等离子体全息光栅产生装置，其特征在于，所述物光的强度≥1016W/cm2，所述参考光的强度≥1016W/cm2。2 . The surface plasmon holographic grating generating device according to claim 1 , wherein the intensity of the object light is ≥10 16 W/cm 2 , and the intensity of the reference light is ≥10 16 W/cm 2 . 3.根据权利要求1所述的表面等离子体全息光栅产生装置，其特征在于，表面等离子体全息光栅的图案与物光和参考光的参数相关：3. The surface plasmon holographic grating generating device according to claim 1, wherein the pattern of the surface plasmon holographic grating is related to the parameters of the object light and the reference light: 当物光的聚焦光斑尺寸wo和参考光的聚焦光斑尺寸wr以及物光与光轴之间的角度θ满足以下条件时：θ＝0°,wr～wo＞＞λo，其中λo是物光的波长，表面等离子体全息光栅呈现圆形特征，涡旋臂的数量随着物光的拓扑荷数l的增加而增加；When the focused spot size w o of the object light and the focused spot size w r of the reference light and the angle θ between the object light and the optical axis satisfy the following conditions: θ＝0°, w r ～w o >>λ o , where λ o is the wavelength of the object light, the surface plasmon holographic grating presents circular features, and the number of vortex arms increases with the increase of the topological charge number l of the object light; 当物光的聚焦光斑尺寸wo和参考光的聚焦光斑尺寸wr以及物光与光轴之间的角度θ满足以下条件时：θ≠0°,wr＞＞wo～λo，表面等离子体全息光栅呈现出叉形特征，并且叉形条纹的数量随着物光的拓扑荷数l的增加而增加。When the focused spot size w o of the object light and the focused spot size w r of the reference light and the angle θ between the object light and the optical axis satisfy the following conditions: θ≠0°, w r >>w o ～λ o , the surface plasmon holographic grating exhibits a fork-shaped feature, and the number of fork-shaped fringes increases with the increase of the topological charge number l of the object light. 4.表面等离子体全息光栅产生方法，其特征在于，利用一束物光和一束参考光同时照射到等离子体靶的表面并且干涉，形成表面等离子体全息光栅，所述物光为涡旋激光，所述参考光为高斯激光。4. A method for generating a surface plasmon holographic grating, characterized in that a beam of object light and a beam of reference light are simultaneously irradiated onto the surface of a plasma target and interfere with each other to form a surface plasmon holographic grating, wherein the object light is a vortex laser and the reference light is a Gaussian laser. 5.根据权利要求4所述的表面等离子体全息光栅产生方法，其特征在于，所述物光的强度≥1016W/cm2，所述参考光的强度≥1016W/cm2。5 . The method for generating a surface plasmon holographic grating according to claim 4 , wherein the intensity of the object light is ≥10 16 W/cm 2 , and the intensity of the reference light is ≥10 16 W/cm 2 . 6.根据权利要求4所述的表面等离子体全息光栅产生方法，其特征在于，表面等离子体全息光栅的图案与物光和参考光的参数相关：6. The method for generating a surface plasmon holographic grating according to claim 4, wherein the pattern of the surface plasmon holographic grating is related to the parameters of the object light and the reference light: 当物光的聚焦光斑尺寸wo和参考光的聚焦光斑尺寸wr以及物光与光轴之间的角度θ满足以下条件时：θ＝0°,wr～wo＞＞λo，其中λo是物光的波长，表面等离子体全息光栅呈现圆形特征，涡旋臂的数量随着物光的拓扑荷数l的增加而增加；When the focused spot size w o of the object light and the focused spot size w r of the reference light and the angle θ between the object light and the optical axis satisfy the following conditions: θ＝0°, w r ～w o >>λ o , where λ o is the wavelength of the object light, the surface plasmon holographic grating presents circular features, and the number of vortex arms increases with the increase of the topological charge number l of the object light; 当物光的聚焦光斑尺寸wo和参考光的聚焦光斑尺寸wr以及物光与光轴之间的角度θ满足以下条件时：θ≠0°,wr＞＞wo～λo，表面等离子体全息光栅呈现出叉形特征，并且叉形条纹的数量随着物光的拓扑荷数l的增加而增加。When the focused spot size w o of the object light and the focused spot size w r of the reference light and the angle θ between the object light and the optical axis satisfy the following conditions: θ≠0°, w r >>w o ～λ o , the surface plasmon holographic grating exhibits a fork-shaped feature, and the number of fork-shaped fringes increases with the increase of the topological charge number l of the object light. 7.根据权利要求4或5或6所述的表面等离子体全息光栅产生方法，其特征在于，所述物光为线性偏振拉盖尔-高斯激光。7. The method for generating a surface plasmon holographic grating according to claim 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that the object light is a linearly polarized Laguerre-Gaussian laser. 8.根据权利要求4或5或6所述的表面等离子体全息光栅产生方法，其特征在于，所述参考光为沿光轴传播的线偏振高斯激光。8. The method for generating a surface plasmon holographic grating according to claim 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that the reference light is a linearly polarized Gaussian laser propagating along the optical axis. 9.超强涡旋激光产生方法，其特征在于，包括：9. A method for generating ultra-intense vortex laser, characterized by comprising: 利用一束物光和一束参考光同时照射到等离子体靶的表面干涉，形成表面等离子体全息光栅，所述物光为涡旋激光，所述参考光为高斯激光；A surface plasma holographic grating is formed by simultaneously irradiating a beam of object light and a beam of reference light onto the surface of a plasma target for interference, wherein the object light is a vortex laser and the reference light is a Gaussian laser; 读取光照射表面等离子体全息光栅，当读取光被表面等离子体全息光栅衍射时，读取光复制了涡旋激光的相位，并且转化为超强涡旋激光，其中读取光为超高强度高斯激光，其强度≥1018W/cm2。The reading light illuminates the surface plasmon holographic grating. When the reading light is diffracted by the surface plasmon holographic grating, the reading light copies the phase of the vortex laser and is converted into an ultra-intense vortex laser. The reading light is an ultra-high intensity Gaussian laser with an intensity ≥10 18 W/cm 2 . 10.根据权利要求9所述的超强涡旋激光产生方法，其特征在于，所述物光的强度≥1016W/cm2，所述参考光的强度≥1016W/cm2。10 . The method for generating ultra-intense vortex laser according to claim 9 , wherein the intensity of the object light is ≥10 16 W/cm 2 , and the intensity of the reference light is ≥10 16 W/cm 2 .
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