CN118808405A - A device and method for bending and forming an extremely thin-walled metal tube - Google Patents
A device and method for bending and forming an extremely thin-walled metal tube Download PDFInfo
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- CN118808405A CN118808405A CN202411013549.4A CN202411013549A CN118808405A CN 118808405 A CN118808405 A CN 118808405A CN 202411013549 A CN202411013549 A CN 202411013549A CN 118808405 A CN118808405 A CN 118808405A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D9/00—Bending tubes using mandrels or the like
- B21D9/08—Bending tubes using mandrels or the like in press brakes or between rams and anvils or abutments; Pliers with forming dies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D9/00—Bending tubes using mandrels or the like
- B21D9/16—Auxiliary equipment, e.g. machines for filling tubes with sand
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种极薄壁金属管压弯成形装置与方法，其解决了现有技术制造极薄壁弯管时，易出现管内侧起皱，外侧过度减薄的技术问题；其对拉夹持机构设一对牵拉夹持装置，对推夹持机构设一对顶推夹持装置，均设在上下模板两侧；牵拉夹持装置设第一夹具，第一夹具与第一连杆组件铰接，第一连杆组件与第一支撑架铰接，第一连杆组件为伸直状态；顶推夹持装置设第二夹具，第二夹具与第二连杆组件铰接，第二连杆组件与第二支撑架铰接，第二连杆组件为弯折状态；下模机构设一对左右间隔的下模板，下模板设弧形直通槽；下模板安装铰接转轴，下模板外侧连接连接杆，连接杆与限位弹簧连接；本发明还提供了压弯成形方法；可广泛应用于金属管成形技术领域。
The present invention provides a device and method for press-bending and forming an extremely thin-walled metal tube, which solves the technical problem that wrinkles easily appear on the inner side of the tube and excessive thinning occurs on the outer side when manufacturing extremely thin-walled bent tubes in the prior art; the pulling clamping mechanism is provided with a pair of pulling clamping devices, and the pushing clamping mechanism is provided with a pair of pushing clamping devices, both of which are provided on both sides of the upper and lower templates; the pulling clamping device is provided with a first clamp, the first clamp is hinged to the first connecting rod assembly, the first connecting rod assembly is hinged to the first supporting frame, and the first connecting rod assembly is in a straight state; the pushing clamping device is provided with a second clamp, the second clamp is hinged to the second connecting rod assembly, the second connecting rod assembly is hinged to the second supporting frame, and the second connecting rod assembly is in a bent state; the lower mold mechanism is provided with a pair of lower templates spaced left and right, and the lower template is provided with an arc-shaped straight-through groove; the lower template is installed with a hinged rotating shaft, the outer side of the lower template is connected to a connecting rod, and the connecting rod is connected to a limit spring; the present invention also provides a press-bending and forming method; it can be widely used in the field of metal tube forming technology.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of metal tube forming, in particular to a device and a method for bending and forming an extremely thin-wall metal tube.
Background
With the development of modern industrial technology, thin-wall metal pipe parts are widely applied to industrial products due to light weight, small consumption and compact structure. At present, parts manufactured by bending thin-wall metal pipes are used as gas and liquid conveying pipelines and are widely applied to the fields of aerospace, automobiles, electronics and the like. Thus, thin-walled metal tube bending techniques are critical to the development of high-end manufacturing.
Thin-walled metal tubes are characterized by relatively thin wall thicknesses, typically between a few millimeters and a few micrometers; bending a thin-walled metal pipe is a metal working method, generally using a hydraulic or mechanical bending apparatus, by applying a certain pressure or moment to bend and deform the thin-walled metal pipe and form a desired shape. The invention with the publication number of CN113182404A discloses a bending device for a thin-wall metal pipe, which comprises an inner support, an upper die and a lower die; the upper die and the lower die are matched with the bent metal tube in a die cavity in a die clamping state; the inner support is matched with the lumen of the metal tube; the inner support comprises a plurality of support beads which are connected in series on the soft rod through the through holes, and the diameters of the support beads are matched with the inner diameter of the lumen; a plurality of sliding beads with diameters larger than the diameters of the through holes are arranged on the soft rod at intervals, and the sliding beads are arranged in sliding cavities arranged along the through holes in the supporting beads; and taking the middle point of the soft rod as a center point, when the inner support is adapted to the bent metal tube, the support beads are sequentially adjacent, and the sliding beads are arranged on one side of the sliding cavity close to the center point. The inner support plays roles of supporting, preventing deformation and assisting in bending on the metal tube; by introducing the lubricating liquid into each contact surface, the friction force between the contact surfaces is reduced, and the thin wall of the metal tube is protected. The metal tube is limited by the fixing ring, so that bending stability is guaranteed, excessive deformation of the two end tubes is prevented, bending precision is improved, and the metal tube bending device has strong practicability and wide applicability.
However, said invention is not applicable to bending of very thin wall metal pipe, and the relative wall thickness inverse d/t of the very thin wall metal pipe is greater than 40 (d is the external diameter of the pipe, and t is the thickness of the pipe, and when the technical scheme of said invention is used to bend very thin wall metal pipe with small relative bending radius, the technical problems of wrinkling of inner side of pipe and excessive thinning of outer side of pipe can be occurred, and can not meet the bending production requirements of very thin wall bent pipe. The technical problem needs to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the technology and provide a device and a method for forming an ultrathin-wall metal pipe by bending so as to meet the production requirement of an ultrathin-wall bent pipe.
The invention provides a press bending forming device for an extremely thin-wall metal pipe, which is provided with an upper die mechanism and a lower die mechanism, wherein the upper die mechanism is provided with an upper die plate, the lower die mechanism is provided with a lower die plate, the lower die plate is arranged below the upper die plate at intervals, and a die cavity of the upper die mechanism and the lower die mechanism in a die clamping state is adapted to the metal pipe after the press bending forming; the press bending forming device is also provided with a opposite-pulling clamping mechanism and a opposite-pushing clamping mechanism, and the opposite-pulling clamping mechanism is arranged above the opposite-pushing clamping mechanism at intervals.
The opposite-pulling clamping mechanism is provided with a pair of traction clamping devices which are respectively and oppositely arranged at the left side and the right side of the upper template and the lower template; the traction clamping device is provided with a first clamp, a first connecting rod assembly and a first supporting frame, the first clamp is hinged with the first connecting rod assembly, and the first connecting rod assembly is hinged with the first supporting frame; the initial state of the first link assembly is a straightened state.
The opposite pushing clamping mechanism is provided with a pair of pushing clamping devices which are respectively and oppositely arranged at the left side and the right side of the upper template and the lower template; the pushing clamping device is provided with a second clamp, a second connecting rod assembly and a second supporting frame, the second clamp is hinged with the second connecting rod assembly, and the second connecting rod assembly is hinged with the second supporting frame; the initial state of the second connecting rod assembly is a bending state.
The lower die mechanism is provided with a pair of lower die plates which are oppositely spaced left and right and are symmetrically arranged left and right relative to the upper die plates; the lower die plate is provided with an arc-shaped through groove with an upward opening, and the arc-shaped through groove is used for limiting the extremely thin-wall metal pipe; the bottom installation of lower bolster is equipped with articulated pivot, and the outside fixed connection of lower bolster is equipped with the connecting rod, and the connecting rod is connected with spacing spring.
Preferably, the first link assembly is provided with a first link and a second link; one end of the first connecting rod is hinged with the first clamp, the other end of the first connecting rod is hinged with one end of the second connecting rod, and the other end of the second connecting rod is hinged with the first supporting frame; the initial state of the included angle between the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod is 180 degrees.
Preferably, the first support frame is a telescopic rod with a locking structure, and the extension rod of the first support frame is hinged with the first connecting rod assembly.
Preferably, the first clamp is provided with a first semi-annular through groove for inserting and fixing the upper side of the end part of the extremely thin-wall metal pipe.
Preferably, the first clamp is provided with an outer semicircular clamping ring and an inner semicircular clamping ring, both ends of the outer semicircular clamping ring are respectively provided with a first connecting part in an outward extending mode, and both ends of the inner semicircular clamping ring are respectively provided with a second connecting part in an outward extending mode; the outer semicircular clamping ring and the inner semicircular clamping ring are identical in orientation and are overlapped, the first connecting part and the second connecting part are detachably connected, and a semi-annular groove is formed between the outer semicircular clamping ring and the inner semicircular clamping ring; the outer semicircle snap ring is hinged with the first connecting rod component.
Preferably, the second connecting rod assembly is provided with a third connecting rod and a fourth connecting rod; one end of a third connecting rod is hinged with the second clamp, the other end of the third connecting rod is hinged with one end of a fourth connecting rod, and the other end of the fourth connecting rod is hinged with the second supporting frame; the initial state of the included angle between the third connecting rod and the fourth connecting rod is not equal to 180 degrees.
Preferably, the second support frame is a telescopic rod with a locking structure, and the extension rod of the second support frame is hinged with the second connecting rod assembly.
Preferably, a second semi-annular through groove for inserting and fixing the lower side of the end part of the extremely thin-wall metal tube is formed in the second clamp.
Preferably, the first connecting rod assembly is provided with a first cylinder and a first telescopic rod with a locking structure; the piston rod of the first cylinder is hinged with the first clamp, the cylinder body of the first cylinder is hinged with the telescopic rod end of the first telescopic rod, the tail rod of the first telescopic rod is hinged with the first supporting frame, and the initial state of an included angle between the first cylinder and the first telescopic rod is 180 degrees.
Preferably, the second connecting rod assembly is provided with a second air cylinder and a second telescopic rod, a piston rod of the second air cylinder is hinged with the second clamp, a cylinder body of the second air cylinder is hinged with a telescopic rod end of the second telescopic rod, a tail rod of the second telescopic rod is hinged with the second supporting frame, and an included angle initial state between the second air cylinder and the second telescopic rod is not equal to 180 degrees.
The method for forming the ultrathin wall metal tube by press bending, which uses the ultrathin wall metal tube press bending device described in any one of the above, comprises the following steps:
S1, obtaining an extremely thin-wall metal pipe to be bent, penetrating and filling a polyurethane core rod into the extremely thin-wall metal pipe, and preparing for bending and forming the extremely thin-wall metal pipe;
s2, opening a die, namely placing the prepared extremely thin-wall metal tube on a lower die plate, respectively clamping the upper sides of two end parts of the extremely thin-wall metal tube by two first clamps, and respectively clamping the lower sides of two end parts of the extremely thin-wall metal tube by two second clamps;
S3, closing the die, wherein the upper die plate moves downwards, and continuously moves downwards after the upper die plate contacts with the extremely thin-wall metal pipe, wherein the descending speed of the upper die plate is controlled to be 1-5 mm/min until the end surface contours of the extremely thin-wall metal pipe, the upper die plate and the lower die plate are attached to the die; the upper die plate continues to run downwards, and the descending speed is controlled to be 0.1-1 mm/min until the extremely thin-wall metal tube is bent and formed; the upper die plate stops running downwards, and the die assembly and the pressure maintaining are carried out for 10-60 s;
s4, opening the die, taking out the ultrathin-wall metal tube, and taking out the polyurethane core rod from the ultrathin-wall metal tube to obtain the bent ultrathin-wall metal tube.
Preferably, in step S1, along the axial direction of the ultrathin wall metal tube, half open grooves are respectively formed in the middle of two ends of the thin wall metal tube, and the half open grooves divide the end of the thin wall metal tube into a first clamp clamping part and a second clamp clamping part up and down to obtain the ultrathin wall metal tube to be bent.
Preferably, in step S2, two first clamps clamp the first clamp clamping portions located at the upper sides of the two end portions of the extremely thin-walled metal pipe, respectively, and two second clamps clamp the second clamp clamping portions located at the lower sides of the two end portions of the extremely thin-walled metal pipe, respectively; the first clamp and the second clamp respectively lean against two ends of the polyurethane core rod.
A method for forming an extremely thin-wall metal tube by bending comprises the following steps: in the process of the press bending forming of the extremely thin wall metal tube, respectively applying outward traction force to the upper sides of the two end parts of the extremely thin wall metal tube; simultaneously, inward pushing force is respectively applied to the lower sides of the two end parts of the extremely thin-wall metal tube; half open slots are respectively arranged between the upper side and the lower side of the two end parts of the extremely thin wall metal tube.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention provides a device and a method for bending and forming an ultrathin wall metal pipe, which are particularly suitable for manufacturing an ultrathin bent pipe with small relative bending radius and small bending angle by using a bending process. The ultra-thin wall metal tube is formed under the cooperative pressure of the rigid upper and lower templates. In the bending forming process of the extremely thin-wall metal pipe, the pulling clamping device applies outward tension on the inner side of the metal pipe, and meanwhile, the pushing clamping device applies inward pressure on the outer side of the metal pipe; the technical problems that the inner side is wrinkled and the outer side is excessively thinned in the bending forming process of the existing thin-wall metal pipe are solved, so that the displacement of the inner side material and the outer side material of the pipe is regulated and controlled, and the technical effects of eliminating the inner side wrinkling and improving the outer side thinning are achieved. Meanwhile, due to the adoption of a press bending forming process, compared with other metal thin-wall pipe bending forming processes, the method has the advantages of high production efficiency, low manufacturing cost and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following description will briefly introduce the drawings that are needed in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention (with a very thin wall metal tube clamped);
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an enlarged view of the pulling grip device of FIG. 1 (with a very thin wall metal tube held stationary);
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of an enlarged view of a left side view of the first clamp (on the right side) in fig. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the pushing clamp of FIG. 1 (with a very thin wall metal tube held stationary);
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of an enlarged view of a left side view of the second clamp (on the right side) in fig. 4;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of an enlarged view of the right view of the lower die (on the right side) in fig. 1;
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of an enlarged view of a top view of the lower die (on the right side) in fig. 1;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the press bending process of the extremely thin wall metal tube of the present invention, with arrows representing the direction of the force;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of one form of an extremely thin-walled metal tube (with a polyurethane mandrel inserted therein);
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the very thin wall metal tube of FIG. 9 being press formed;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of an enlarged view of the left side of the view shown in fig. 9;
FIG. 12 is a stress distribution diagram of the extremely thin-walled metal tube according to example 3;
FIG. 13 is a stress distribution diagram of an extremely thin-walled metal tube without half open grooves in example 3;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a first clamp or a second clamp of another construction (connected to a first link);
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the right side of the view shown in FIG. 14;
FIG. 16 is a schematic structural view of the top view of the view shown in FIG. 14;
FIG. 17 is a schematic view of another form of a pulling grip device (a retaining grip holding an extremely thin walled metal tube);
fig. 18 is a schematic view of another form of a pusher grip (a stationary grip holding an extremely thin-walled metal tube).
The marks in the figure: 1. an upper template; 2. a lower template; 3. a traction clamping device; 4. pushing the clamping device; 5. an extremely thin-walled metal tube; 6. a polyurethane core rod; 21. arc-shaped through grooves; 22. a rotating shaft is hinged; 23. a connecting rod; 24. a limit spring; 25. a limit groove; 31. a first clamp; 32. a first link assembly; 33. a first support frame; 41. a second clamp; 42. a second link assembly; 43. a second support frame; 51. a half open slot; 52. a first clamp holding portion; 53. a second clamp holding portion; 311. a first semi-annular through groove; 312. an outer semicircular clasp; 313. an inner semicircular clasp; 314. a first connection portion; 315. a second connecting portion; 316. a screw; 317. a semi-annular groove; 321. a first link; 322. a second link; 323. a first cylinder; 324. a first telescopic rod; 411. a second semi-annular through groove; 421. a third link; 422. a fourth link; 423. a second cylinder; 424. a second telescopic rod;
O 1 is the hinge point between the first link assembly 32 and the first support 33; o 2 is the hinge point between the first clamp 31 and the first link assembly 32; p 1 is the hinge point between the second link assembly 42 and the second support frame 43; p 2 is the hinge point between the second clamp 41 and the second link assembly 42;
R 1 is the length of the second link 322; r 1 is the sum of the lengths of the first link 321 and the first clamp 31; t 1 is the length of the overlapping portion of the first clamp 31 and the extremely thin-walled metal pipe 5;
R 2 is the length of the fourth link 422; r 2 is the sum of the lengths of the third link 421 and the second clamp 41; t 2 is the length of the overlapping portion of the second clamp 41 and the extremely thin-walled metal pipe 5;
R 3 is the center radius of the first semi-annular channel 311 of the first clamp 31; r 4 is the center radius of the second semi-annular through slot 411 of the second clamp 41;
d 1 is the width of the first semi-annular through slot 311 of the first clamp 31; d 2 is the width of the second semi-annular through slot 411 of the second clamp 41;
alpha is the angle of the first semi-annular through groove 311 of the first clamp 31; beta is the angle of the second semi-annular through slot 411 of the second clamp 41; gamma is the angle of the bent pipe of the extremely thin-wall metal pipe 5.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects to be solved more clear, the application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application. The method used in the application is a conventional method unless specified otherwise; the raw materials and devices used, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional commercial products.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a bending forming device for an extremely thin-wall metal pipe, which is provided with an upper die mechanism and a lower die mechanism, wherein the upper die mechanism is provided with an upper die plate 1, the lower die mechanism is provided with a lower die plate 2, the lower die plates 2 are arranged below the upper die plate 1 at intervals, and a die cavity of the upper die mechanism and the lower die mechanism in a die clamping state is adapted to the metal pipe after bending forming.
The bending forming device is also provided with a opposite-pulling clamping mechanism and an opposite-pushing clamping mechanism, wherein the opposite-pulling clamping mechanism is arranged above the opposite-pushing clamping mechanism at intervals, and the bending forming device comprises:
The opposite-pulling clamping mechanism is provided with a pair of pulling clamping devices 3 which are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the upper template 1 and the lower template 2; the traction clamping device 3 is provided with a first clamp 31, a first connecting rod assembly 32 and a first supporting frame 33, the first clamp 31 is hinged with the first connecting rod assembly 32, and the first connecting rod assembly 32 is hinged with the first supporting frame 33; the initial state of the first link assembly 32 is a straightened state.
The opposite pushing clamping mechanism is provided with a pair of pushing clamping devices 4 which are respectively and oppositely arranged at the left side and the right side of the upper template 1 and the lower template 2; the pushing clamping device 4 is provided with a second clamp 41, a second connecting rod assembly 42 and a second supporting frame 43, the second clamp 41 is hinged with the second connecting rod assembly 42, and the second connecting rod assembly 42 is hinged with the second supporting frame 43; the initial state of the second link assembly 42 is a bent state.
The lower die mechanism is provided with a pair of lower die plates 2, and the pair of lower die plates 2 are arranged at left and right opposite intervals and are symmetrically arranged relative to the upper die plate 1; the lower die plate 2 is provided with an arc-shaped through groove 21 (shown in fig. 6 and 7) with an upward opening, and the arc-shaped through groove 21 is used for limiting the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5; the bottom installation of lower bolster 2 is equipped with articulated pivot 22, and the outside fixed connection of lower bolster 2 is equipped with connecting rod 23, and connecting rod 23 is connected with spacing spring 24.
The first clamp 31 and the second clamp 41 are all of the prior art, and play a role in fixing two end parts of the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5; wherein two first clamps 31 are used for clamping the upper sides of the two ends of the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5, and two second clamps 41 are used for clamping the lower sides of the two ends of the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5.
The first link assembly 32 and the second link assembly 42 all belong to the prior art, the first link assembly 32 is set to be in a straightened state, the second link assembly 42 is set to be in a bent state, and the upper sides of the two ends of the extremely thin-walled metal tube 5 of the opposite-pulling clamping mechanism are respectively pulled towards the two ends (namely outwards) and the lower sides of the two ends of the extremely thin-walled metal tube 5 of the opposite-pushing clamping mechanism are respectively extruded inwards through relative rotation (power comes from bending formation of the extremely thin-walled metal tube 5) between the links of the first link assembly 32 and the second link assembly 42.
As shown in fig. 2, the initial state of the first link assembly 32 is a straightened state, and when in the initial undeformed state, the first clamp 31 is furthest from the hinge point O 1 between the first link assembly 32 and the first support 33; when the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5 starts to be pressed down under the action of the upper die plate 1, the first connecting rod assembly 32 rotates around the hinging point O 1 and the hinging point O 2 between the first clamp 31 and the first connecting rod assembly 32, so that the distance between the first clamp 31 and the hinging point O 1 is reduced, and at the moment, the first clamp 31 generates an outward pulling force on the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5.
As shown in fig. 4, the initial state of the second link assembly 42 is a bent state, and when in the initial undeformed state, the second clamp 41 is closest to the hinge point P 1 between the second link assembly 42 and the second support frame 43; when the extremely thin-walled metal pipe 5 starts to be pressed down under the action of the upper die plate 1, the second clamp 41 rotates around the hinge point P 1 and the hinge point P 2 between the second clamp 41 and the second link assembly 42, the distance between the second clamp 41 and the hinge point P 1 increases, and at this time, the second clamp 41 generates an inward thrust force on the extremely thin-walled metal pipe 5.
As shown in fig. 1 and 8, when in use, the prepared extremely thin-walled metal pipe 5 is placed in the arc-shaped through groove 21 of the pair of lower templates 2 after the mold is opened, the two first clamps 31 clamp the upper sides of the two ends of the extremely thin-walled metal pipe 5, respectively, and the two second clamps 41 clamp the lower sides of the two ends of the extremely thin-walled metal pipe 5, respectively. Then closing the die, pressing down the upper die plate 1 to enable the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5 to be bent downwards gradually, pushing the lower die plates 2 to rotate around the hinged rotating shaft 22, enabling gaps between the two lower die plates 2 to be enlarged, bending the middle of the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5 downwards along with the gaps, and enabling the two lower die plates 2 to play roles in guiding, limiting and positioning the bending of the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5 cooperatively in the process, and finally bending the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5 into a V-shaped structure; in the pressing process of the upper template 1, on one hand, the initial state of the first connecting rod assembly 32 of the traction clamping device 3 is in a straightening state, the first clamp 31 and the first connecting rod assembly 32 are hinged to rotate relatively, the first connecting rod assembly 32 and the first supporting frame 33 are hinged to rotate relatively, acting force is applied to the inner side of the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5 through the first clamp 31, namely, traction force is applied to the upper sides of two end parts of the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5 respectively to the two end parts (namely, outwards), so that wrinkling of a tube body (namely, the inner side) of the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5 positioned on the upper side is eliminated; on the other hand, the initial state of the second connecting rod assembly 42 of the pushing clamping device 4 is a bending state, the second clamp 41 and the second connecting rod assembly 42 are hinged to rotate relatively, the second connecting rod assembly 42 and the second supporting frame 43 are hinged to rotate relatively, acting force is applied to the outer side of the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5 through the second clamp 41, namely pushing force is respectively and inwards applied to the lower sides of two end parts of the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5, so that the thinning of the tube body (namely the outer side) of the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5 positioned on the lower side is improved, zonal regulation and control are realized, and the pushing clamping device is particularly suitable for manufacturing the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5 with small relative bending radius.
The first link assembly 32 of the pulling and clamping device 3 may be of the prior art or may have the following structure: as shown in fig. 2, the first link assembly 32 is provided with a first link 321 and a second link 322; one end of a first connecting rod 321 is hinged with the first clamp 31, the other end of the first connecting rod 321 is hinged with one end of a second connecting rod 322, and the other end of the second connecting rod 322 is hinged with the first supporting frame 33; the initial state of the angle between the first link 321 and the second link 322 is 180 ° so that the initial state of the first link assembly 32 is the straightened state.
In order to adapt the present invention to the bending of very thin-walled metal tubes 5 of different apertures, the first support frame 33 of the present invention is preferably a telescoping rod with a prior locking structure, as shown in fig. 2, with the extension rod of the first support frame 33 being hingedly connected to the first link assembly 32. The extension rod of the first support frame 33 may be extended or shortened according to the size of the aperture of the ultra thin-wall metal tube 5, so that the first link assembly 32 is maintained in a horizontal state, and the first clamp 31 clamps the upper sides of both ends of the ultra thin-wall metal tube 5.
The first clamp 31 of the pulling and clamping device 3 may be of a prior art or may have the following structure: as shown in fig. 3, a first semi-annular through groove 311 for inserting and fixing the upper side of the end part of the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5 is formed on the first clamp 31, so that the assembly and the disassembly are convenient and quick; the fixing mode is that the upper side of the end part of the ultra-thin wall metal tube 5 is pressed and fixed in the first semi-annular through groove 311 by adopting a screw through the matched screw thread on the first clamp 31.
The second link assembly 42 of the pushing clamping device 4 may be of the prior art, or may have the following structure: as shown in fig. 4, the second link assembly 42 is provided with a third link 421 and a fourth link 422; one end of the third connecting rod 421 is hinged with the second clamp 41, the other end of the third connecting rod 421 is hinged with one end of the fourth connecting rod 422, and the other end of the fourth connecting rod 422 is hinged with the second supporting frame 43; the initial state of the angle between the third link 421 and the fourth link 422 is not equal to 180 °, so that the initial state of the second link assembly 42 is a bent state.
The invention can conveniently determine the sizes of the related components of the traction clamping device 3 and the pushing clamping device 4. Preferably, the following empirical formula is also adopted in ideal condition, and the adjustment is carried out according to actual conditions.
(1) Tension application point: the traction clamping device 3 is provided with a first clamp 31, a first link assembly 32 and a first supporting frame 33, wherein the first link assembly 32 is provided with a first link 321 and a second link 322, and the empirical formula is as follows:
In the formula, R 1 is the length of the second link 322; r 1 is the sum of the lengths of the first link 321 and the first clamp 31; t 1 is the length of the overlapping part of the first clamp 31 and the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5, and D is the outer diameter of the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5; Δl is half of the amount of change in the axial length of the inside of the extremely thin-walled metal tube 5; as shown in fig. 2. When the above-mentioned dimensions are determined, the relevant dimensions of the first support frame 33 can be determined accordingly according to the practical situation.
Since t 1 is the length of the overlapping portion of the first clamp 31 and the extremely thin-walled metal pipe 5, it is considered that the extremely thin-walled metal pipe 5 at the position of t 1 is not deformed in the axial direction. Let L be half the tube length of the very thin-walled metal tube 5. Theoretically, the axially average change rate of the extremely thin-walled metal pipe 5 is ΔL/(L-t). Since the inside corrugation defect of the extremely thin-walled metal tube 5 is greatly affected by the axial length variation thereof, it needs to be taken into consideration in the tensile force empirical formula.
The extremely thin-walled metal pipe 5 has a shortened inner axial length when bent, and thus tends to wrinkle. Combining the principle of volume invariance with the plane strain assumption, it can be approximately inferred whether the inside of a given pipe will buckle, avoiding Δl required for buckling inside a given pipe.
(2) Thrust application point: the pushing clamping device 4 is provided with a second clamp 41, a second connecting rod assembly 42 and a second supporting frame 43, wherein the second connecting rod assembly 42 is provided with a third connecting rod 421 and a fourth connecting rod 422, and the empirical formula is as follows:
In the formula, R 2 is the length of the fourth link 422; r 2 is the sum of the lengths of the third link 421 and the second clamp 41; t 2 is the length of the overlapping portion of the second clamp 41 and the extremely thin-walled metal pipe 5, as shown in fig. 4. After the three dimensions are determined, the relevant dimensions of the second support frame 43 can be determined according to the actual situation.
In order to adapt the present invention to the bending of the very thin wall metal tube 5 of different apertures, the second support frame 43 is a telescopic rod with a locking structure as shown in fig. 4, and the extension rod of the second support frame 43 is hinged with the second link assembly 42.
The second clamp 41 of the pushing clamping device 4 may be of the prior art, or may have the following structure: as shown in fig. 5, the second clamp 41 is provided with a second semi-annular through slot 411 for inserting and fixing the lower side of the end part of the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5, so that the assembly and the disassembly are convenient and quick; the fixing mode is to fix the lower side of the end part of the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5 in the second semi-annular through slot 411 by pressing and fixing the lower side by adopting a screw through the matched screw thread on the second clamp 41.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the outer side of the bottom of the arc-shaped through groove 21 is preferably provided with a limit groove 25, and when the second clamp 41 is to clamp the lower side of the end part of the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5 and the relative position between the second clamp 41 and the lower die plate 2 is interfered and cannot be realized, the head part of the second clamp 41 can be inserted into the limit groove 25, and the lower side of the end part of the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5 is clamped by the second clamp 41 through the partial position staggering between the second clamp 41 and the lower die plate 2.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for forming a very thin metal pipe by press bending, using the apparatus for forming a very thin metal pipe according to embodiment 1, comprising the steps of:
S1, obtaining an extremely thin-wall metal tube 5 to be bent, penetrating a polyurethane core rod 6 into the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5, and preparing for bending and forming the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5.
S2, opening the die, placing the prepared ultrathin-wall metal tube 5 on the lower die plate 2, respectively clamping the upper sides of two end parts of the ultrathin-wall metal tube 5 by two first clamps 31, and respectively clamping the lower sides of two end parts of the ultrathin-wall metal tube 5 by two second clamps 41.
S3, die assembly is carried out, the upper die plate 1 moves downwards, the lower die plate 1 continues to move downwards after the upper die plate 1 contacts with the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5, and the descending speed of the upper die plate 1 is controlled to be 1-5 mm/min until the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5 is attached to the end surface contours of the upper die plate 1 and the lower die plate 2; the upper die plate 1 continues to run downwards, and the descending speed is controlled to be 0.1-1 mm/min until the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5 is bent and formed; the upper die plate 1 stops running downwards, and the die assembly and the pressure maintaining are carried out for 10-60 s; in the process, the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5 deforms under the action of pressure, and meanwhile, the inner polyurethane core rod 6 plays a role in supporting the pipe, so that the occurrence of the inner wrinkling phenomenon of the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5 is relieved. Meanwhile, the external force mechanism applies external tension to the inner sides of the two ends of the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5 through displacement regulation and control, namely, the opposite-pulling clamping mechanism applies inward pushing force to the outer sides of the two ends of the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5, and partition stress is formed on the inner sides and the outer sides of the two ends of the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5 by implementing the tension and the pushing force, so that the inner wrinkling of the tube is restrained, the thinning of the outer sides is improved, and the forming limit of the tube in a press bending process is improved.
S4, opening the die, taking out the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5, and taking out the polyurethane core rod 6 from the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5 to obtain the bent extremely thin-wall metal tube 5. Specifically, the upper die plate 1 is driven to move upwards by a press at a speed of 5-10 mm/s, and the formed part is wrapped in the lower die plate 2 because the contact of the extremely thin-wall metal pipe 5 and the lower die plate 2 is hard friction, so that the extremely thin-wall metal pipe 5 is easy to bend and take out from the lower die plate 2 to obtain the final formed part.
Example 3
The present invention adopts the method for forming the very thin wall metal tube by press bending described in the embodiment 2, and uses the device for forming the very thin wall metal tube by press bending described in the embodiment 1 (the details of the specific structure and the functions thereof are described in the embodiment 1 and are not further described here), and the method comprises the following steps:
S1, taking an extremely thin-wall metal pipe 5 with the wall thickness of 1mm, the outer diameter of 50mm and the pipe length of 200mm, wherein the metal material is 6061 aluminum alloy suitable for electronics and aviation. Half open grooves 51 with the width of 20mm and the depth of 50mm are respectively formed at half height positions of the outer diameters of two ends of the thin-wall metal tube along the axial direction of the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5, the half open grooves 51 are 90-degree conical grooves, and the half open grooves 51 divide the end parts of the thin-wall metal tube 5 into a first clamp clamping part 52 and a second clamp clamping part 53 up and down to obtain the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5 needing to be bent. A polyurethane core rod 6 with the hardness of 100, the diameter of 48mm and the length of 180mm is penetrated and filled in the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5, and is prepared for bending and forming the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5, as shown in fig. 9.
S2, opening the die, placing the prepared extremely thin-wall metal tube 5 in the arc-shaped through groove 21 of the lower die plate 2, respectively clamping the first clamp clamping parts 52 positioned at the upper sides of the two end parts of the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5 by the two first clamps 31, respectively clamping the second clamp clamping parts 53 positioned at the lower sides of the two end parts of the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5 by the two second clamps 41; meanwhile, the first clamp 31 and the second clamp 41 respectively abut against two ends of the polyurethane core rod 6, and play a role in positioning the polyurethane core rod 6. Wherein:
As shown in fig. 2, the first link 321 and the second link 322 of the first link assembly 32 are each rectangular plates with a thickness of 5mm, a length of 160mm, and circular arc-shaped ends and holes with a diameter of 5 mm. As shown in fig. 4, the third link 421 and the fourth link 422 of the second link assembly 42 are identical to the first link 321 and the second link 322 except for the length of 50mm, and will not be described again.
As shown in fig. 3 and 5, the connecting ends of the first clamp 31 and the second clamp 41 and the pipe are respectively provided with a 1/4 circular arc clamping die with grooves with the width of 1mm, namely, the central radiuses R 3、R4 of the first semi-annular through groove 311 and the second semi-annular through groove 411 are 25mm, the widths d 1、d2 are 1mm, and the circular arc angles alpha and beta are 90 degrees.
S3, die assembly is carried out, the upper die plate 1 moves downwards, the lower die plate 1 continues to move downwards after the upper die plate 1 contacts with the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5, and the descending speed of the upper die plate 1 is controlled to be 1-5 mm/min until the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5 is attached to the end surface contours of the upper die plate 1 and the lower die plate 2; the upper die plate 1 continues to run downwards, the descending speed is controlled to be 0.1-1 mm/min until the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5 is bent and formed, and the downward running distance of the upper die plate 1 is half of the length of the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5, namely 100mm; the upper die plate 1 stops running downwards, and is clamped and maintained for 10-60 s, so that the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5 after bending and forming is finally obtained, and the bent angle gamma of the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5 is about 90 degrees, as shown in fig. 10.
S4, opening the die, and enabling the upper die plate 1 to move upwards at a speed of 5-10 mm/s, taking out the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5, and taking out the polyurethane core rod 6 from the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5 to obtain the bent extremely thin-wall metal tube 5.
FIG. 12 is a stress distribution diagram of the extremely thin-walled metal pipe 5 according to example 3; fig. 13 is a diagram showing a stress distribution of the extremely thin-walled metal 5 without the half open groove 51. As can be seen from fig. 13, if the half open groove 51 is not opened when an external force is applied, the pulling force applied by the pulling grip device 3 disposed above (i.e., inside) and the pushing force applied by the pushing grip device 4 disposed below (i.e., outside) are entangled together, and the two affect each other, thereby causing the wrinkling of the inside of the extremely thin-walled metal tube 5 to be increased after the bending formation.
As can be seen from fig. 12, when an external force is applied, the half open grooves 51 are formed at both ends of the extremely thin metal tube 5, and the inner tension applied by the pulling and clamping device 3 and the outer thrust applied by the pushing and clamping device 4 are converged at the bottom of the notch of the half open groove 51, but due to the arrangement of the half open groove 51, the inner tension is transmitted to the outside and the outer thrust is transmitted to the outside, so that the bending and forming effects of the extremely thin metal tube 5 are better.
Therefore, the present invention provides a method for forming a very thin metal pipe by press bending, wherein in the existing process of forming the very thin metal pipe 5 by press bending, an outward pulling force is applied to the upper sides of two ends of the very thin metal pipe 5, so as to eliminate the technical defect of wrinkling of the pipe body (i.e. the inner side) of the very thin metal pipe 5 located on the upper side; simultaneously, inwards pushing force is respectively applied to the lower sides of the two end parts of the extremely thin-wall metal pipe 5, so that the technical defect of excessive thinning of the pipe body (namely the outer side) of the extremely thin-wall metal pipe 5 positioned at the lower side is overcome, and finally, the zonal regulation and control are realized, so that the technical problems of wrinkling of the inner side and excessive thinning of the outer side of the pipe, which are easy to occur, in the conventional extremely thin-wall pipe bending process can be solved.
Preferably, a half open slot 51 is formed between the upper side and the lower side of the two end parts of the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5, so that the entanglement and the influence between the outward traction force applied to the upper side and the inward pushing force applied to the lower side of the two end parts are avoided to the greatest extent, the entanglement and the interference between the two are restrained, and the bending forming effect of the extremely thin-wall metal tube 5 is further improved.
Example 4
In addition to the above structure, the first clamp 31 of the pushing and clamping device 4 according to embodiment 3 of the present invention may also have the following structure:
As shown in fig. 14-16, a first clamp 31 with another structure according to the present invention is provided with an outer semicircular clasp 312 and an inner semicircular clasp 313, wherein both ends of the outer semicircular clasp 312 are respectively provided with a first connecting portion 314 in an outward extending manner, and both ends of the inner semicircular clasp 313 are respectively provided with a second connecting portion 315 in an outward extending manner; the outer semicircular ring 312 and the inner semicircular ring 313 face the same direction and are overlapped, the first connecting portion 314 of the outer semicircular ring 312 and the second connecting portion 315 of the inner semicircular ring 313 are detachably connected (usually by using screws 316), and a semi-annular groove 317 is formed between the outer semicircular ring 312 and the inner semicircular ring 313. The outer semicircular clasp 312 of the first clamp 31 is hingedly connected to a first link 321.
When in use, the outer semicircular clasp 312 is tightly attached to the outer wall of the upper side of the end part of the extremely thin wall metal pipe 5, the inner semicircular clasp 313 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the upper side of the end part of the extremely thin wall metal pipe 5, the second connecting part 315 extends out of the half-open groove 51, the first connecting part 314 and the second connecting part 315 positioned on the same side are fixed by adopting the screw 316, and the upper side of the end part of the extremely thin wall metal pipe 5 is fixed in the half-annular groove 317 by the pressing force.
The second jig 41 of the other structure of the present invention is the same as the first jig 31 of the other structure described in the present embodiment, and will not be described again here.
Example 5
The traction clamping device 3 and the pushing clamping device 4 of the invention can adopt the following structures besides the structures:
As shown in fig. 17, the first link 321 of the first link assembly 32 described in embodiment 1 is replaced with a first cylinder 323, and the second link 322 is replaced with a first telescopic link 324 provided with an existing locking structure, that is, the first link assembly 32 is provided with the first cylinder 323 and the first telescopic link 324 with the locking structure; the piston rod of the first air cylinder 323 is hinged with the first clamp 31, the cylinder body of the first air cylinder 323 is hinged with the telescopic rod end of the first telescopic rod 324, the tail rod of the first telescopic rod 324 is hinged with the first supporting frame 33, and the initial state of an included angle between the first air cylinder 323 and the first telescopic rod 324 is 180 degrees. Other structures and connection relationships and operation principles of the first link assembly 32 of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1, and will not be described here.
As shown in fig. 18, the third connecting rod 421 of the second connecting rod assembly 42 described in embodiment 1 is replaced by a second air cylinder 423, the fourth connecting rod 422 is replaced by a second telescopic rod 424 provided with an existing locking structure, that is, the second connecting rod assembly is provided with the second air cylinder 423 and the second telescopic rod 424, the piston rod of the second air cylinder 423 is hinged with the second clamp 41, the cylinder body of the second air cylinder 423 is hinged with the telescopic rod end of the second telescopic rod 424, the tail rod of the second telescopic rod 424 is hinged with the second supporting frame 43, and the initial state of the included angle between the second air cylinder 423 and the second telescopic rod 424 is not equal to 180 °. Other structures and connection relationships and operation principles of the second link assembly 42 of the present embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1, and will not be described here.
When the bending press is used, the lengths of the first connecting rod 321 and the second connecting rod 322 are respectively adjusted by adjusting the length of the piston rod of the first air cylinder 323 and the length of the telescopic rod of the first telescopic rod 324, and the lengths of the third connecting rod 421 and the fourth connecting rod 422 are respectively adjusted by adjusting the length of the piston rod of the second air cylinder 423 and the length of the telescopic rod of the second telescopic rod 424, so that the bending press forming of the thin-wall metal tubes 5 with different poles is met. In addition, the tension and the thrust of the extremely thin metal pipe 5 may be adjusted by operating the first cylinder 323 and the second cylinder 423, respectively, in the extremely thin metal pipe 5.
It should be noted that:
(1) The material of the extremely thin wall metal tube 5 can be 6061 aluminum alloy or other existing metal materials;
(2) The hardness of the polyurethane core rod 6 can be 100, or other hardness can be selected according to practical situations, and preferably, higher hardness is adopted, so that the deformation of the polyurethane core rod 6 is reduced when the ultra-thin wall metal tube 5 is bent and formed.
(3) In consideration of possible rebound in practice, after the end surface contours of the extremely thin-walled metal tube 5 and the upper and lower templates 1 and 2 are adhered to each other in the step S3 die assembly, the distance (i.e., the pressing amount) of the upper template 1 continued to move downward is larger than the theoretical distance, for example, in the step S3 of embodiment 3, the downward movement distance of the upper template 1 can be adjusted from 100mm to 110mm according to practical experience.
(4) The half-open groove 51 may be a 90-degree conical groove, or may be a half-open groove of another shape according to practical situations.
(5) The first clamp 31 and the second clamp 41 of the alternative structure described in embodiment 4 can also be used in embodiment 1, and the outer semicircular ring 312 is hinged to the first link assembly 32.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "front", "rear", "inner", "outer", "back", "middle", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must be provided with specific orientations, be configured and operated in specific orientations, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. It should be noted that, in the foregoing embodiments, the "first", "second", "third" and "fourth" do not represent an absolute distinction between structures and/or functions, and do not represent a sequential order of execution, but are merely for convenience of description.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application, but any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. that are within the spirit and principle of the present application, for example, the present application can be applied not only to the press-bending forming of the extremely thin-walled metal tube 5, but also to the press-bending forming of the thin-walled metal tube according to the actual situation; the second clamp 41 is identical to the first clamp 31 in structure and is intended to be included in the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202411013549.4A CN118808405B (en) | 2024-07-26 | 2024-07-26 | Device and method for bending and forming ultrathin-wall metal tube |
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| CN202411013549.4A CN118808405B (en) | 2024-07-26 | 2024-07-26 | Device and method for bending and forming ultrathin-wall metal tube |
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| CN118808405B CN118808405B (en) | 2025-12-09 |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006231337A (en) * | 2005-02-22 | 2006-09-07 | Aisin Takaoka Ltd | Method for bending metallic pipe |
| US20140165687A1 (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2014-06-19 | Sungwoo Hitech Co., Ltd. | Clamping device for bending press and bending press provided with the same |
| CN110576089A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-12-17 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Particle filler-assisted push-bending method for thin-walled pipe with large diameter and small bending radius |
| CN113182404A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-07-30 | 江苏晶杰光电科技有限公司 | Bending device for thin-wall metal pipe |
-
2024
- 2024-07-26 CN CN202411013549.4A patent/CN118808405B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006231337A (en) * | 2005-02-22 | 2006-09-07 | Aisin Takaoka Ltd | Method for bending metallic pipe |
| US20140165687A1 (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2014-06-19 | Sungwoo Hitech Co., Ltd. | Clamping device for bending press and bending press provided with the same |
| CN110576089A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-12-17 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Particle filler-assisted push-bending method for thin-walled pipe with large diameter and small bending radius |
| CN113182404A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-07-30 | 江苏晶杰光电科技有限公司 | Bending device for thin-wall metal pipe |
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