CN118732718B - A tracking system for photovoltaic module deployment control - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a tracking system for photovoltaic module cloth control. The system comprises an acquisition module, a control module, an optical storage module and an execution module. According to the invention, the tracking type installation mode is adopted for the photovoltaic modules, so that the receiving efficiency of the photovoltaic modules is kept at a higher level, and the illumination is uneven due to the difference of the geographical positions of the photovoltaic modules, so that the condition of uneven illumination is analyzed, the condition of uneven illumination caused by partial shadows or the condition of unstable tracking of solar illumination caused by the photovoltaic modules is distinguished by analyzing the maximum tracking error angle of the photovoltaic modules, the number of the photovoltaic modules which cannot stably track the solar illumination is counted, the working state of the photovoltaic modules is adjusted pertinently, the actual angle of the photovoltaic modules is adjusted timely and selectively, the tracking of the solar position is realized, the receiving efficiency of the photovoltaic modules to solar radiation is improved, and the generated energy is increased.

Description

A tracking system for photovoltaic module deployment control

Technical Field

The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and in particular to a tracking system for photovoltaic component deployment control.

Background Art

The operation mode of photovoltaic modules has a great impact on the total solar radiation received by the power generation system, which in turn affects the photovoltaic power generation capacity. Traditional fixed photovoltaic module arrays, due to their fixed inclination and azimuth, can only obtain the best light angle in a specific time period, resulting in low power generation efficiency. In order to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation, a tracking system is needed that can automatically adjust the angle of the module according to the changes in the position of the sun.

Patent document with publication number CN112817341A discloses a photovoltaic tracking bracket control method, a photovoltaic tracking controller and a photovoltaic tracking system. The system obtains photovoltaic tracking related information, generates a first control instruction to reduce the light incident angle according to the photovoltaic tracking related information, and controls the photovoltaic tracking bracket to reverse tracking rotation according to the first control instruction to reduce the light incident angle. It can be seen that in the existing photovoltaic power generation technology, since the photovoltaic power generation is affected by seasonal changes, climate conditions, day and night alternation and solar radiation intensity, the energy supply is unstable, it is difficult to fully utilize solar energy for power generation, and the utilization rate of the photovoltaic power generation system is low and the stability is poor.

Summary of the invention

To this end, the present invention provides a tracking system for photovoltaic module deployment, which is used to overcome the problem in the prior art that the error angle between the incident light and the normal of the photovoltaic module plane is lacking in real-time monitoring and comparison with the standard error angle, so as to timely adjust the actual angle of the photovoltaic module, resulting in poor stability of the power generation system.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a tracking system for photovoltaic module deployment control, comprising:

A collection module, including sensor devices respectively arranged on each photovoltaic module for collecting light data and light storage data;

A control module connected to the acquisition module to obtain the light storage data, determine whether the illumination in the current acquisition cycle is uniform according to the light storage data, and calculate the real-time tracking error angle and the maximum tracking error angle of the photovoltaic module receiving sunlight according to the illumination data, and determine the maximum tracking error angle according to the standard tracking error angle interval to determine whether to control the execution module to adjust the working state of the photovoltaic module;

A photovoltaic storage module is used to draw a curve of the relationship between photovoltaic power and time, and to obtain the actual illumination duration of the photovoltaic module. When the actual illumination duration reaches the standard illumination duration, the electrical energy converted by the photovoltaic module is stored.

The execution module is used to obtain the percentage of the blocked photovoltaic components to the photovoltaic components to be regulated, obtain the real-time tracking and regulation ratio, determine the real-time tracking and regulation ratio according to the standard tracking and regulation ratio, so as to select the regulation method for the photovoltaic components, and obtain the positive and negative of the photovoltaic power difference and the real-time voltage difference to determine, so as to correct the preset voltage;

Among them, when the real-time tracking and control ratio is less than the standard tracking and control ratio, the preset collection period is calculated to obtain the actual rotation angle and real-time tracking error angle of any photovoltaic component to be controlled for analysis, so as to control the stepper motor to drive the photovoltaic component to turn and rotate to the target angle when the actual rotation angle does not fall within the standard tracking angle range.

Furthermore, the control module includes a light analysis unit and an angle tracking unit, wherein:

The illumination analysis unit is used to obtain the number of peak points in the power-current curve and the power-voltage curve of each photovoltaic module to determine whether the illumination in the current collection cycle is uniform;

The angle tracking unit is used to calculate the real-time tracking error angle of each photovoltaic component according to the illumination data when determining that the illumination is uneven within the current acquisition period, obtain the maximum absolute value of each real-time tracking error angle, obtain the maximum tracking error angle, and determine the maximum tracking error angle according to the standard tracking error angle range.

Furthermore, the illumination analysis unit includes a power curve drawing subunit, a first analysis subunit and a first determination subunit, wherein:

The power curve drawing subunit is used to draw the change curve of photovoltaic power with real-time current in the current collection cycle to obtain a power-current curve, and to draw the change curve of photovoltaic power with real-time voltage in the current collection cycle to obtain a power-voltage curve;

The first analysis subunit is used to analyze the number of peak points in the power-current curve and the power-voltage curve of each photovoltaic module;

When the number of peak points in the power-current curve and the power-voltage curve is one, the first determination subunit determines that the illumination in the current collection period is uniform; when the number of peak points in the power-current curve and the power-voltage curve is greater than one, the first determination subunit determines that the illumination in the current collection period is uneven.

Furthermore, the angle tracking unit includes a first calculation subunit, a first marking subunit and a second calculation subunit, wherein:

The first calculation subunit calculates the angle between the incident light and the normal line of the photovoltaic module plane to obtain the real-time incident angle of any photovoltaic module, and calculates the real-time tracking error angle according to the standard incident angle and the real-time incident angle;

The first marking subunit marks the photovoltaic components whose real-time tracking error angles do not fall within the standard tracking error angle interval as photovoltaic components to be regulated;

The second calculation subunit calculates the percentage of the number of photovoltaic modules to be regulated to the total number of photovoltaic modules to obtain a real-time tracking rate.

Furthermore, the optical storage module includes a drawing unit, a second analysis subunit and a second determination subunit, wherein:

The drawing unit draws a curve of the relationship between photovoltaic power and time;

The second analysis subunit determines the actual light receiving duration of the photovoltaic assembly according to the standard light receiving duration;

The second determination subunit stores the electric energy when the actual light receiving time reaches the standard light receiving time.

Furthermore, the execution module includes a lighting duration determination unit, a lighting tracking unit and an image analysis unit, wherein:

The illumination duration determination unit is used to analyze the trend of the photovoltaic power variation relationship curve over time to determine whether to update the standard received illumination duration;

The light tracking unit is used to adjust the working voltage of the photovoltaic module and determine the real-time tracking rate according to the standard tracking rate;

The image analysis unit is used to obtain the component surface image of the photovoltaic component to be regulated for analysis;

Furthermore, when there is a peak in the photovoltaic power versus time curve, the illumination duration determination unit obtains the time corresponding to the peak coordinates and updates it to the standard received illumination duration.

Furthermore, the image analysis unit includes a recognition subunit and a second marking subunit, wherein:

The identification subunit is used to identify the real-time shadow area in any component surface image, calculate the percentage of the real-time shadow area to the area of the photovoltaic component, and obtain the real-time shadow rate;

The second marking subunit is used to mark the photovoltaic assembly to be regulated as a shielded photovoltaic assembly when the real-time shadow ratio is greater than or equal to the standard shadow ratio.

Furthermore, the execution module also includes a tracking angle comparison unit and a steering control module, wherein:

The tracking angle comparison unit is used to compare the actual rotation angle with the real-time tracking error angle;

The steering control module is used to control the stepper motor to drive the photovoltaic component to turn and rotate to a target angle when the actual rotation angle does not fall within the standard tracking angle range.

Furthermore, the execution module also includes a deployment control module.

The layout control module is used to increase the preset layout interval of the photovoltaic components to a first corrected layout interval when the real-time tracking rate is greater than or equal to the standard tracking rate.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention lies in that, by adopting a tracking installation method for photovoltaic modules, the tracking installation method can keep the sunlight incident on the photovoltaic modules vertically during most of the time when there is light in a day, so the receiving efficiency of the photovoltaic modules can be maintained at a high level, and more power generation can be obtained than fixed photovoltaic modules. When there is an error angle between the incident light and the plane normal of the photovoltaic module, the receiving efficiency of the photovoltaic module will be reduced, and due to the differences in the geographical locations of the photovoltaic modules, the lighting is uneven. Therefore, the uneven lighting situation is analyzed, and the error angle between the incident light and the plane normal of the photovoltaic module is timely monitored in real time and compared with the standard error angle, so as to timely adjust the actual angle of the photovoltaic module, and selectively adjust the actual angle of the photovoltaic module, so as to achieve tracking of the sun's position, improve the photovoltaic module's receiving efficiency of solar radiation, and increase power generation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 is a connection diagram of a tracking system for photovoltaic module control according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the connection of a control module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the illumination analysis unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a connection diagram of an angle tracking unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In order to make the objects and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, terms such as "up", "down", "left", "right", "inside" and "outside" indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. This is merely for the convenience of description and does not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

In addition, it should be noted that in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a connection diagram of a tracking system for photovoltaic module control according to an embodiment of the present invention. The present invention provides a tracking system for photovoltaic module control, including:

A collection module, including sensor devices respectively arranged on each photovoltaic module for collecting light data and light storage data;

A control module connected to the acquisition module to obtain the light storage data, determine whether the illumination in the current acquisition cycle is uniform according to the light storage data, and calculate the real-time tracking error angle and the maximum tracking error angle of the photovoltaic module receiving sunlight according to the illumination data, and determine the maximum tracking error angle according to the standard tracking error angle interval to determine whether to control the execution module to adjust the working state of the photovoltaic module;

A photovoltaic storage module is used to draw a curve of the relationship between photovoltaic power and time, and to obtain the actual illumination duration of the photovoltaic module. When the actual illumination duration reaches the standard illumination duration, the electrical energy converted by the photovoltaic module is stored.

The execution module is used to determine whether the photovoltaic power difference and the real-time voltage difference are positive or negative, so as to correct the preset voltage, and to obtain the percentage of blocked photovoltaic components to the photovoltaic components to be regulated, so as to obtain the real-time tracking and regulation ratio, and to determine the real-time tracking and regulation ratio according to the standard tracking and regulation ratio, and to compare the actual rotation angle with the real-time tracking error angle to determine whether to control the stepper motor to drive the photovoltaic component to turn.

In this embodiment, the sensing equipment includes a solar radiometer for measuring light intensity, a light direction meter for determining the altitude and azimuth of the sun, and a photovoltaic I-V curve tester for measuring current and voltage. The light storage data includes the real-time current, real-time voltage and photovoltaic power corresponding to each photovoltaic module. The light data includes the position of the sun, the direction angle and altitude angle of the sun, the current angle of the photovoltaic module, and the real-time incident angle between the incident light and the normal of the plane of the photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module in this embodiment is installed in a tracking manner. The tracking installation method can keep the sunlight incident on the photovoltaic module vertically during most of the time of day when there is light, so the receiving efficiency of the photovoltaic module can be maintained at a high level, and more power generation can be obtained than fixed photovoltaic modules. When there is an error angle between the incident light and the plane normal of the photovoltaic module, the receiving efficiency of the photovoltaic module will be reduced. In addition, due to the differences in the geographical locations of the photovoltaic modules, the lighting is uneven. Therefore, the uneven lighting situation is analyzed, and the error angle between the incident light and the plane normal of the photovoltaic module is timely monitored in real time and compared with the standard error angle, so as to timely adjust the actual angle of the photovoltaic module, and selectively adjust the actual angle of the photovoltaic module to achieve tracking of the sun's position, improve the photovoltaic module's receiving efficiency of solar radiation, and increase power generation.

2 and 3 , FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the control module according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the light analysis unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Specifically, the control module includes a light analysis unit, which obtains the real-time current and real-time voltage of any of the photovoltaic components in a preset collection cycle, calculates the photovoltaic power according to the real-time current and real-time voltage, draws a curve of the change of photovoltaic power with the real-time current in the current collection cycle, obtains a power-current curve, and draws a curve of the change of photovoltaic power with the real-time voltage in the current collection cycle, obtains a power-voltage curve, obtains the peak points in the power-current curve and the power-voltage curve of each photovoltaic component, and determines the number of the peak points.

If the number of peak points in the power-current curve and the power-voltage curve is one, it is determined that the illumination in the current acquisition cycle is uniform;

If the number of peak points in the power-current curve and the power-voltage curve is greater than one, it is determined that the illumination in the current acquisition cycle is uneven to analyze the cause;

Among them, the real-time current and the real-time voltage are multiplied to obtain the photovoltaic power;

Since some cells in the photovoltaic module are blocked, the output characteristics of the module will change significantly, and multiple power peak points will appear on the P-U curve. Therefore, by analyzing the number of peak points on the P-U and P-I curves of the photovoltaic module, it is possible to determine whether the illumination is uniform and take corresponding control strategies in time to optimize system performance.

Refer to FIG4 , which is a connection diagram of an angle tracking unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Specifically, the control module includes an angle tracking unit. When the illumination analysis unit determines that the illumination in the current acquisition cycle is uneven, the angle tracking unit calculates the real-time incident angle in each photovoltaic component according to the incident light and the normal line of the photovoltaic component plane, calculates the difference between the standard incident angle and the real-time incident angle, obtains the real-time tracking error angle, calculates the absolute value of each real-time tracking error angle, selects the real-time tracking error angle corresponding to the maximum value of each absolute value as the maximum tracking error angle, and determines the maximum tracking error angle according to the standard tracking error angle interval.

When the maximum tracking error angle falls within the standard tracking error angle interval, the photovoltaic storage module obtains the actual illumination duration of the photovoltaic component.

When the maximum tracking error angle does not fall within the standard tracking error angle interval, the angle tracking unit includes a marking subunit and a second calculation subunit, the marking subunit marks the photovoltaic components whose real-time tracking error angles do not fall within the standard tracking error angle interval as photovoltaic components to be regulated, and the second calculation subunit calculates the percentage of the number of photovoltaic components to be regulated to the total number of photovoltaic components to obtain a real-time tracking rate;

The tracking error angle in this embodiment represents the deviation angle at which the sunlight fails to be incident vertically. Preferably, the standard tracking error angle range represents the deviation angle threshold that allows the sunlight to fail to be incident vertically. The standard tracking error angle range is set to [-3°, 3°], and is adaptively adjusted according to factors such as component type, installation location and weather conditions. The standard incident angle is 90°.

When it is determined that the illumination currently received by the photovoltaic module is uneven, it may be due to the presence of local shadows causing uneven illumination, or it may be that the actual angle of the photovoltaic module has not been adjusted in time, so that the sunlight cannot be incident vertically. The maximum tracking error angle of the photovoltaic module is analyzed through the angle analysis unit. If it is determined that the maximum tracking error angle falls within the standard tracking error angle interval, it means that the sunlight is incident vertically on the photovoltaic module. In this case, the presence of local shadows causes uneven illumination. When the actual illumination time of the photovoltaic module reaches the standard illumination time, the reference current value is updated according to the changes in power and voltage to adjust the operating voltage of the photovoltaic panel to make it close to the maximum power point, reduce the number of peak points, and increase power generation. If it is determined that the maximum tracking error angle does not fall within the standard tracking error angle interval, it means that the photovoltaic module has failed to stably track the sunlight. The number of photovoltaic modules that have failed to stably track the sunlight is counted to adjust the working state of the photovoltaic module in a targeted manner, thereby improving the power generation efficiency.

Specifically, the optical storage module includes a drawing unit, a second analysis subunit and a second determination subunit, wherein:

The drawing unit draws a curve of the relationship between photovoltaic power and time;

The second analysis subunit determines the actual light receiving duration of the photovoltaic assembly according to the standard light receiving duration;

The second determination subunit stores the electric energy when the actual light receiving time reaches the standard light receiving time.

Specifically, when the angle tracking unit determines that the maximum tracking error angle falls within the standard tracking error angle range, the drawing unit draws a curve of the photovoltaic power changing over time, and the second analysis subunit determines the actual illumination duration of the photovoltaic module according to the standard illumination duration.

When the actual light receiving time reaches the standard light receiving time, the execution module outputs the electric energy to the second determination subunit for storage, and analyzes the trend of the change relationship curve;

When the actual light receiving time does not reach the standard light receiving time, the execution module adjusts the working voltage of the photovoltaic module according to the changes in power and voltage to make it close to the maximum power point.

In this embodiment, the standard received light duration is based on the overall photovoltaic power versus time curve drawn the previous day. The horizontal coordinate corresponding to the peak of the change relationship curve is obtained, and the time corresponding to the horizontal coordinate is used as the standard received light duration. The standard received light duration is adjusted to suit the season, geographical location, and climatic conditions. Generally, it is set to between 10 and 13 hours, preferably, it is set to 12 hours, and is adjusted according to actual power generation needs and local climatic conditions.

By judging the illumination time received by the photovoltaic components, when it is judged that the actual illumination time reaches the standard illumination time, it means that the illumination time is long, and the electric energy is stored in the photoelectric storage module in time; when it is judged that the actual illumination time does not reach the standard illumination time, the reference current value is updated by the execution unit according to the changes in power and voltage to adjust the operating voltage of the photovoltaic components to make it close to the maximum power point, so as to achieve stable voltage and maximum power output of the photovoltaic components, so as to improve the utilization efficiency of the photovoltaic system.

Specifically, the execution module includes a lighting duration determination unit, a lighting tracking unit and an image analysis unit, wherein:

The illumination duration determination unit is used to analyze the trend of the photovoltaic power variation relationship curve over time to determine whether to update the standard received illumination duration;

The light tracking unit is used to adjust the working voltage of the photovoltaic module and determine the real-time tracking rate according to the standard tracking rate;

The image analysis unit is used to obtain the component surface image of the photovoltaic component to be regulated for analysis.

Specifically, when the actual light receiving time does not reach the standard light receiving time, the light tracking unit obtains the photovoltaic power and real-time voltage of the current collection cycle, as well as the historical power and historical voltage of the previous collection cycle, subtracts the photovoltaic power from the historical power to obtain the photovoltaic power difference, and subtracts the real-time voltage from the historical voltage to obtain the real-time voltage difference, and determines whether the photovoltaic power difference and the real-time voltage difference are positive or negative.

If the photovoltaic power difference ΔWs and the real-time voltage difference ΔPs are both positive, the light tracking unit corrects the preset voltage Pc to a first corrected voltage Pc1’=Pc×(1+IΔPsI);

If the photovoltaic power difference and the real-time voltage difference are both negative values, the light tracking unit corrects the preset voltage to a second corrected voltage Pc2’=Pc×(1+IΔPsI);

If the photovoltaic power difference is positive and the real-time voltage difference is negative, the light tracking unit corrects the preset voltage to a third corrected voltage Pc3’=Pc×(1-IΔPsI);

If the photovoltaic power difference is a negative value and the real-time voltage difference is a positive value, the light tracking unit corrects the preset voltage to a fourth corrected voltage Pc4'=Pc×(1-IΔPsI);

By analyzing the relationship curve of photovoltaic power change over time, possible power fluctuations can be predicted and responded to, and the overall stability of the system can be improved. If the photovoltaic power difference and the real-time voltage difference are both positive, it means that the voltage and power of the photovoltaic module are increasing, and the maximum power point is on the right. The voltage value should be increased. If the photovoltaic power difference and the real-time voltage difference are both negative, it means that the current working point is on the right side of the maximum power point, and the voltage value should be increased to approach the maximum power point. If the photovoltaic power difference is positive and the real-time voltage difference is negative, the power of the photovoltaic module is increasing and the voltage is decreasing, indicating that the maximum power point is on the left, and the voltage value should be reduced. If the photovoltaic power difference is negative and the real-time voltage difference is positive, it means that the current working point is on the left side of the maximum power point, and the voltage value should be reduced to approach the maximum power point. The strategy of adjusting the working voltage of the photovoltaic panel is based on the photovoltaic power and voltage changes to achieve maximum power point tracking, adapt to changes in lighting conditions, and ensure that the photovoltaic panel always outputs electrical energy at maximum power.

Specifically, when the maximum tracking error angle does not fall within the standard tracking error angle interval, the light tracking unit obtains the real-time tracking rate and determines the real-time tracking rate according to the standard tracking rate.

If the real-time tracking rate is less than the standard tracking rate, the image analysis unit acquires the component surface image of the photovoltaic component to be regulated captured by the camera device for analysis;

If the real-time tracking rate is greater than or equal to the standard tracking rate, the layout control module increases the preset layout interval of the photovoltaic module to a first corrected layout interval;

Wherein, Hc1’=min{Hc×[1+（Rs-Rb）/Rs], Hmax}, Hc is the preset layout interval, Hc1’ is the first corrected layout interval, Rs is the real-time tracking rate, Rb is the standard tracking rate, and Hmax is the maximum spacing threshold of the components;

The standard tracking rate set in this embodiment indicates the proportion of components that allow the actual rotation angle and the light error angle to be not within the threshold range, that is, the photovoltaic power generation system can achieve higher utilization and better stability by only adjusting the rotation angle of the photovoltaic components. The tracking rate represents the ability of the photovoltaic components to track sunlight as a whole. Generally, the standard tracking rate is set between 30% and 50%, and is adjusted according to the needs of the photovoltaic storage operation. The preset layout interval indicates the spacing between two adjacent components. Generally, the component spacing is set within the range of 1m-2.5m, and the row spacing is set within the range of 4m-5m. The preset layout interval is related to the type and size of the component. For example, the size of a monocrystalline silicon component is 1.65m x 1m, and the layout interval is generally 1.2-1.5m; the size of a polycrystalline silicon component is 1.65m x 1m, and the layout interval is generally 1.5-1.8m.

By counting the number of PV modules whose actual tracking error angles do not fall within the standard tracking error angle range, the control mode of the PV modules can be selected. If the real-time tracking rate is determined to be greater than or equal to the standard tracking rate, it means that the proportion of modules to be adjusted has exceeded the threshold. This is due to unreasonable module layout, which leads to large deviations in the angles at which a large number of modules receive sunlight. In this case, the preset layout intervals of the PV modules need to be adjusted to improve the tracking accuracy.

Specifically, when the real-time tracking rate is less than the standard tracking rate, the image analysis unit obtains the component surface image of each photovoltaic component to be regulated, the identification subunit identifies the real-time shadow area in any component surface image, calculates the percentage of the real-time shadow area to the area of the photovoltaic component, obtains the real-time shadow rate, and determines the real-time shadow rate according to the standard shadow rate.

If the real-time shadow ratio is less than the standard shadow ratio, the second marking subunit does not mark the photovoltaic component to be regulated;

If the real-time shadow ratio is greater than or equal to the standard shadow ratio, the second marking subunit marks the corresponding photovoltaic component to be regulated as a blocked photovoltaic component;

The standard shading rate in this embodiment indicates the range within which shadows are allowed to be cast by obstructions. The standard shading rate is affected by the application scenario and the design requirements of the photovoltaic power station. Generally, it is set between 3% and 20%, and is adjusted based on actual power generation needs.

Specifically, the tracking angle comparison unit calculates the percentage of blocked photovoltaic components to the photovoltaic components to be regulated, obtains the real-time tracking and regulation ratio, and determines the real-time tracking and regulation ratio according to the standard tracking and regulation ratio.

If the real-time tracking and control ratio is less than the standard tracking and control ratio, the preset acquisition period is calculated, and the tracking angle comparison unit obtains the actual rotation angle of any photovoltaic component to be controlled and the real-time tracking error angle for analysis;

If the real-time tracking and control ratio is greater than or equal to the standard tracking and control ratio, the preset layout interval of the photovoltaic modules is increased to the second corrected layout interval;

Among them, Hc2’=min{Hc×[1+（Qs-Qb）/Qs], Hmax}, Hc is the preset layout interval, Hc2’ is the second corrected layout interval, Qs is the real-time tracking and control ratio, Qb is the standard tracking and control ratio, and Hmax is the maximum spacing threshold of the components;

In this embodiment, the maximum spacing threshold of components is 2.5m, and the set standard tracking and control ratio indicates the ratio of the preset number of blocked components to all components to be controlled, which is set to 20%. When the real-time tracking and control ratio is less than the standard tracking and control ratio, it means that the number of blocked components is less than the preset standard, indicating that the number of blocked components is small. The actual rotation angle of the blocking component is analyzed to adaptively control the angle of the blocked photovoltaic component to maximize the use of sunlight. If it is determined that the real-time tracking and control ratio is greater than or equal to the standard tracking and control ratio, it means that the number of blocked components is large. This is because in the process of photovoltaic components tracking sunlight, mutual shading occurs between components. In order to avoid excessive control, reduce component wear and extend service life, it is necessary to adjust the layout interval, reduce the degree of shading, and further improve the power generation efficiency.

Specifically, the tracking angle comparison unit compares the actual rotation angle with the real-time tracking error angle.

If the actual rotation angle falls within the standard tracking angle range, the stepper motor will not be controlled to start;

If the actual rotation angle does not fall within the standard tracking angle range, the steering control module controls the stepper motor to drive the photovoltaic module to turn and rotate to the target angle.

By controlling the photovoltaic modules to track the sun's rays and precisely aligning them to the sun's position, a higher solar energy utilization rate can be achieved.

In this embodiment, the target angle is the minimum rotation angle required for the photovoltaic component to receive the standard incident light based on the current position. The target angle is calculated according to the sun position and the current angle of the component, and the standard tracking angle interval is set. The standard tracking angle interval indicates the error range allowed for the photovoltaic component to track. By analyzing whether the actual rotation angle falls within the standard tracking angle interval, it is determined whether the photovoltaic component is aligned with the sun position, that is, whether the incident light is vertically incident. When it is determined that the actual rotation angle falls within the standard tracking angle interval, it means that the photovoltaic component has been aligned with the sun position and no further adjustment is required. The motor remains stationary. If it is determined that the actual rotation angle does not fall within the standard tracking angle interval, the photovoltaic component is aligned with the sun position and no further adjustment is required. The motor remains stationary. If the component is within the standard tracking angle range, it means that the direction needs to be adjusted. The stepper motor is used to control the rotation of the component so that the actual rotation angle reaches the target angle. The stepper motor has a specific step angle. Each step angle corresponds to a specific angle change. For example, if the target angle is 30 degrees, the actual rotation angle is 25 degrees, and the step angle is 0.5 degrees, the number of steps required is (30-25)/0.5=10 steps. The number of steps required is calculated based on the difference between the target angle and the actual rotation angle, and the stepper motor is controlled to rotate the corresponding number of steps to accurately align the photovoltaic component with the sun, maximize the use of solar energy, and improve power generation efficiency. Specifically, the execution module calculates the preset acquisition cycle, including:

Get the direction angle and altitude of the sun, draw the curve of the change of the direction angle over time, get the direction angle curve, and draw the curve of the change of the altitude angle over time, get the altitude angle curve, take the derivatives of the direction angle curve and the altitude angle curve, get the direction angle change rate curve and the altitude angle change rate curve of the sun's movement, get the maximum rate value V in the direction angle change rate curve and the altitude angle change rate curve, calculate the preset acquisition period according to the maximum rate value and the maximum value Am in the standard tracking angle interval .

Specifically, the execution unit analyzes the trend of the change relationship curve.

If there is a peak value in the change relationship curve, obtain the time corresponding to the peak value coordinates and update it as the standard light receiving duration;

If the change relationship curve does not have a peak, the standard light receiving duration is not updated;

The curve of the change of photovoltaic power over time reflects the change of the power generation of photovoltaic modules under the solar illumination conditions during the monitoring period. The electric energy brought by the photovoltaic modules does not continue to increase with the increase of light. There is a median as a whole, that is, the peak value of the change relationship curve. At this stage, the electric energy is at its maximum value. Therefore, by obtaining the time corresponding to the peak coordinates, it is used as the standard light receiving time for the next day. Compared with the standard light receiving time, no matter how much the light increases in other stages, the overall energy storage will not be significantly improved. By maintaining the optimal light time, the utilization efficiency of the photovoltaic system can be increased.

So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the protection scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principle of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A tracking system for photovoltaic module deployment, characterized in that it includes: A collection module, including sensor devices respectively arranged on each photovoltaic module for collecting light data and light storage data; A control module connected to the acquisition module to obtain the light storage data, determine whether the illumination in the current acquisition cycle is uniform according to the light storage data, and calculate the real-time tracking error angle and the maximum tracking error angle of the photovoltaic module receiving sunlight according to the illumination data, and determine the maximum tracking error angle according to the standard tracking error angle interval to determine whether to control the execution module to adjust the working state of the photovoltaic module; Wherein, the control module includes a light analysis unit, which obtains the real-time current and real-time voltage of any photovoltaic component in a preset collection cycle, calculates the photovoltaic power according to the real-time current and real-time voltage, draws a curve of the change of photovoltaic power with the real-time current in the current collection cycle, obtains the power-current curve, and draws a curve of the change of photovoltaic power with the real-time voltage in the current collection cycle, obtains the power-voltage curve, obtains the peak points in the power-current curve and the power-voltage curve of each photovoltaic component, and determines the number of the peak points. If the number of peak points in the power-current curve and the power-voltage curve is one, it is determined that the illumination in the current acquisition cycle is uniform; If the number of peak points in the power-current curve and the power-voltage curve is greater than one, it is determined that the illumination in the current acquisition cycle is uneven; The optical storage module comprises a drawing unit, a second analyzing subunit and a second determining subunit, wherein: When the angle tracking unit determines that the maximum tracking error angle falls within the standard tracking error angle interval, the drawing unit draws a curve of the relationship between the photovoltaic power and time; The standard tracking error angle range represents the deviation angle threshold that allows the sun's rays to fail to be incident vertically, which is set to [-3°, 3°]; The second analysis subunit determines the actual light receiving duration of the photovoltaic assembly according to the standard light receiving duration; The standard light receiving time is set to 12 hours; The second determination subunit stores the electric energy when the actual illumination duration reaches the standard illumination duration; the execution module includes an illumination duration determination unit, an illumination tracking unit, an image analysis unit, a tracking angle comparison unit and a layout control module, wherein: The illumination duration determination unit is used to analyze the trend of the photovoltaic power variation relationship curve over time to determine whether to update the standard received illumination duration; The light tracking unit is used to adjust the working voltage of the photovoltaic module when the actual light receiving time does not reach the standard light receiving time, and to obtain the real-time tracking rate when the maximum tracking error angle does not fall into the standard tracking error angle interval, and to determine the real-time tracking rate according to the standard tracking rate; When the actual light receiving time does not reach the standard light receiving time, the light tracking unit obtains the photovoltaic power and real-time voltage of the current collection cycle, as well as the historical power and historical voltage of the previous collection cycle, and subtracts the photovoltaic power from the historical power to obtain the photovoltaic power difference, and subtracts the real-time voltage from the historical voltage to obtain the real-time voltage difference, and determines whether the photovoltaic power difference and the real-time voltage difference are positive or negative. If the photovoltaic power difference ΔWs and the real-time voltage difference ΔPs are both positive, the light tracking unit corrects the preset voltage Pc to the first correction voltage ; If the photovoltaic power difference and the real-time voltage difference are both negative, the light tracking unit corrects the preset voltage to the second correction voltage. ; If the photovoltaic power difference is positive and the real-time voltage difference is negative, the light tracking unit corrects the preset voltage to the third correction voltage. ; If the photovoltaic power difference is negative and the real-time voltage difference is positive, the light tracking unit corrects the preset voltage to the fourth correction voltage ; The standard tracking rate indicates the percentage of components that allow the actual rotation angle and the light error angle to be outside the threshold range, which is set between 30% and 50%; The tracking angle comparison unit is used to obtain the percentage of the blocked photovoltaic components to the photovoltaic components to be regulated, obtain the real-time tracking and regulation ratio, and determine the real-time tracking and regulation ratio according to the standard tracking and regulation ratio; The standard tracking control ratio indicates the ratio of the number of preset occluded components to all components to be controlled, which is set to 20%; If the real-time tracking and control ratio is less than the standard tracking and control ratio, the preset acquisition period is calculated, and the tracking angle comparison unit obtains the actual rotation angle of any photovoltaic component to be controlled and the real-time tracking error angle for analysis; If the real-time tracking and control ratio is greater than or equal to the standard tracking and control ratio, the preset layout interval of the photovoltaic modules is increased to the second corrected layout interval; The image analysis unit is used to obtain the component surface image of the photovoltaic component to be regulated for analysis when the real-time tracking rate is less than the standard tracking rate; the image analysis unit includes an identification subunit and a second marking subunit, wherein: The identification subunit is used to identify the real-time shadow area in any component surface image, calculate the percentage of the real-time shadow area to the area of the photovoltaic component, and obtain the real-time shadow rate; The second marking subunit is used to mark the photovoltaic assembly to be regulated as a shielded photovoltaic assembly when the real-time shadow ratio is greater than or equal to the standard shadow ratio; The standard shadow rate indicates the range of shadows allowed by obstructions, which is set between 3% and 20%; The layout control module is used to increase the preset layout interval of the photovoltaic components to a first corrected layout interval when the real-time tracking rate is greater than or equal to the standard tracking rate. 2. The tracking system for photovoltaic module deployment control according to claim 1, characterized in that the control module comprises a light analysis unit and an angle tracking unit, wherein: The illumination analysis unit is used to obtain the number of peak points in the power-current curve and the power-voltage curve of each photovoltaic module to determine whether the illumination in the current collection cycle is uniform; The angle tracking unit is used to calculate the real-time tracking error angle of each photovoltaic component according to the illumination data when determining that the illumination is uneven within the current acquisition period, obtain the maximum absolute value of each real-time tracking error angle, obtain the maximum tracking error angle, and determine the maximum tracking error angle according to the standard tracking error angle range. 3. The tracking system for photovoltaic module deployment control according to claim 2, characterized in that the illumination analysis unit comprises a power curve drawing subunit, a first analysis subunit and a first determination subunit, wherein: The power curve drawing subunit is used to draw the change curve of photovoltaic power with real-time current in the current collection cycle to obtain a power-current curve, and to draw the change curve of photovoltaic power with real-time voltage in the current collection cycle to obtain a power-voltage curve; The first analysis subunit is used to analyze the number of peak points in the power-current curve and the power-voltage curve of each photovoltaic module; When the number of peak points in the power-current curve and the power-voltage curve is one, the first determination subunit determines that the illumination in the current collection period is uniform; when the number of peak points in the power-current curve and the power-voltage curve is greater than one, the first determination subunit determines that the illumination in the current collection period is uneven. 4. The tracking system for photovoltaic assembly control according to claim 2, characterized in that the angle tracking unit comprises a first calculation subunit, a first marking subunit and a second calculation subunit, wherein: The first calculation subunit calculates the angle between the incident light and the normal line of the photovoltaic module plane to obtain the real-time incident angle of any photovoltaic module, and calculates the real-time tracking error angle according to the standard incident angle and the real-time incident angle; The first marking subunit marks the photovoltaic components whose real-time tracking error angles do not fall within the standard tracking error angle interval as photovoltaic components to be regulated; The second calculation subunit calculates the percentage of the number of photovoltaic modules to be regulated to the total number of photovoltaic modules to obtain a real-time tracking rate. 5. The tracking system for photovoltaic component deployment control according to claim 1 is characterized in that when there is a peak in the photovoltaic power-time variation relationship curve, the illumination duration determination unit obtains the time corresponding to the peak coordinates and updates it to the standard received illumination duration. 6. The tracking system for photovoltaic module deployment control according to claim 1, characterized in that the execution module further comprises a steering control module, The steering control module is used to control the stepper motor to drive the photovoltaic component to turn and rotate to a target angle when the actual rotation angle does not fall within the standard tracking angle range.