CN118685803A - A flow channel structure of an alkaline electrolytic cell and an alkaline electrolytic cell - Google Patents
A flow channel structure of an alkaline electrolytic cell and an alkaline electrolytic cell Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种碱性电解槽的流道结构及碱性电解槽，该流道结构包括极板主体，所述极板主体设有入口端与出口端；所述极板主体上分布有点状扰流结构单元，所述点状扰流结构单元在极板主体上形成流体流道，所述点状扰流结构单元包括第一级扰流结构单元、第二级扰流结构单元、第三级扰流结构单元，第一级扰流结构单元、第二级扰流结构单元和第三级扰流结构单元在极板主体上形成分流流道。本发明促进了电解质横向流动能力和传质速率，有效提高了电解质的流动均匀性，使电解液在电解的过程中得到充分的利用，有效提高电解效率。并且能有效排出电解反应产生的气体，降低局部热点的生成，有效提高碱性电解槽的使用寿命。
The present invention relates to a flow channel structure of an alkaline electrolytic cell and an alkaline electrolytic cell, the flow channel structure comprises a plate body, the plate body is provided with an inlet end and an outlet end; a dotted spoiler structure unit is distributed on the plate body, the dotted spoiler structure unit forms a fluid flow channel on the plate body, the dotted spoiler structure unit comprises a first-level spoiler structure unit, a second-level spoiler structure unit, and a third-level spoiler structure unit, the first-level spoiler structure unit, the second-level spoiler structure unit and the third-level spoiler structure unit form a shunt flow channel on the plate body. The present invention promotes the lateral flow capacity and mass transfer rate of the electrolyte, effectively improves the flow uniformity of the electrolyte, makes the electrolyte fully utilized in the process of electrolysis, and effectively improves the electrolysis efficiency. And it can effectively discharge the gas generated by the electrolysis reaction, reduce the generation of local hot spots, and effectively improve the service life of the alkaline electrolytic cell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen production by water electrolysis, and particularly relates to a flow channel structure of an alkaline electrolytic cell and the alkaline electrolytic cell.
Background
The hydrogen energy is used as a clean and efficient energy source and has great development potential. The popularization of hydrogen energy is expected to greatly reduce carbon dioxide emission and alleviate the global climate change problem. Currently, technology for preparing, storing and transporting hydrogen energy is continuously advancing, and especially, technology for preparing hydrogen by electrolyzing water is paid attention to because of the characteristics of environmental protection and high efficiency. The alkaline electrolytic tank is core equipment in the alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production technology, has the advantages of low cost, high stability, long service life and the like, and is widely applied to industrial hydrogen production.
However, how to further improve the hydrogen production efficiency of the alkaline electrolytic cell is one of the important research directions of the current alkaline water electrolysis technology. The main components of the alkaline electrolytic tank comprise a polar plate, an anode, a cathode, a diaphragm, a gasket and the like. In addition to developing electrode materials with higher catalytic performance and thinner separator materials to improve electrolysis efficiency, optimizing the flow channel structure on the plates can further reduce the reaction overpotential. Conventional alkaline cell flow channel designs do not meet the ever-increasing efficiency demands, and improving flow channel designs to reduce recirculation zones and improve fluid flow uniformity has become a research hotspot.
The mastoid flow channel structure in conventional alkaline cells, i.e. the Concave-convex ball flow channel (Concave-Convex Sphere Flow Channel, CCSFC), generally comprises a plurality of regularly arranged protrusions which are hemispherical and uniformly distributed inside the flow channel. The main function of the mastoid is to change the flow track of the fluid by physical barriers, and promote the uniform distribution of the electrolyte. In particular, when fluid flows between these mastoid processes, the presence of the mastoid processes has to bypass these protrusions, creating a local turbulence effect. Such turbulence can increase the contact area of the fluid with the electrode surface, improving the electrolysis efficiency. Meanwhile, the mastoid flow channel design can also help to reduce the accumulation of bubbles, and avoid the surface of the electrode from being covered by the bubbles, so that the stability and the efficiency of the electrolysis process are maintained. The conventional flow channel structure further includes square flow channels (Square Flow Channel, SFC) arranged regularly, diamond flow channels (Diamond Flow Channel, DFC) arranged regularly, and triangular flow channels (Triangle Flow Channel, TFC) arranged regularly.
Although mastoid flow channel designs improve the flow and mixing of electrolytes to some extent, there are still significant problems in practical applications. First, the fixed shape and arrangement of the mastoid processes makes it easy for the fluid to form localized vortex and recirculation zones as it bypasses the protrusions. The turbulence and backflow can cause the fluid to stagnate in certain areas, reducing the electrolysis efficiency in those areas. In addition, localized turbulence may cause uneven concentration distribution of the electrolyte, further affecting overall electrolysis performance. Second, fluid flow non-uniformity in the mastoid channel is high. In some areas, the fluid may flow too fast, resulting in insufficient residence time of the electrolyte in these areas and insufficient participation in the electrolytic reaction; while in other areas the fluid flow is too slow, resulting in reduced electrolyte utilization in these areas. The flow non-uniformity not only affects the electrolysis efficiency, but also can cause that bubbles accumulated on the surface of the electrode are difficult to fall off in time, and further the performance of the electrolytic cell is reduced. Furthermore, due to the slow flow rate of the fluid in these areas, it is difficult for heat to rapidly transfer and spread, resulting in a local temperature rise. Such localized overheating may not only reduce the stability of the electrolyte, but may also accelerate corrosion and aging of the electrode material, thereby affecting the overall life and performance of the cell.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of providing a flow channel structure of an alkaline electrolytic tank and the alkaline electrolytic tank, so that the flow channel of the alkaline electrolytic tank is uniformly distributed, the electrolyte is fully utilized in the electrolytic process, the electrolytic efficiency is improved, the gas generated by the electrolytic reaction is effectively discharged, the generation of local hot spots is reduced, and the service life of the alkaline electrolytic tank is prolonged.
The invention provides a flow channel structure of an alkaline electrolytic cell, which comprises a polar plate main body, wherein the polar plate main body is provided with an inlet end and an outlet end, and the inlet end and the outlet end form a fluid direction; the electrode plate main body is distributed with point-shaped turbulent flow structural units, the point-shaped turbulent flow structural units form a fluid flow channel on the electrode plate main body, the point-shaped turbulent flow structural units comprise a first-stage turbulent flow structural unit close to an inlet end, a second-stage turbulent flow structural unit and a third-stage turbulent flow structural unit close to an outlet end, the first-stage turbulent flow structural unit comprises a plurality of first protruding structural units which are distributed in a staggered manner in a direction perpendicular to the fluid, the second-stage turbulent flow structural unit is located between the first-stage turbulent flow structural unit and the third-stage turbulent flow structural unit, the second-stage turbulent flow structural unit comprises a plurality of second protruding structural units which are distributed in a staggered manner with the first-stage turbulent flow structural unit in a direction parallel to the fluid, and the third-stage turbulent flow structural unit comprises a plurality of third protruding structural units. The electrolyte entering from the inlet end is subjected to primary multidirectional turbulent flow dispersion through the first bulge structural units which are staggered in the direction perpendicular to the fluid direction in the first-stage turbulent flow structural units, so that the transverse distribution capacity of the electrolyte is improved, the longitudinal flow of the electrolyte is ensured, the transverse flow is promoted, the electrolyte is initially split to the greatest extent from the moment of entering the fluid flow channel, and the splitting efficiency is high. When the electrolyte flows to the second-stage turbulent flow structural unit through the first-stage turbulent flow structural unit, the second-stage turbulent flow structural unit is distributed with the first-stage turbulent flow structural unit in a staggered manner in a direction parallel to the fluid direction, and the second-stage turbulent flow structural unit shunts the electrolyte which is shunted from the first-stage turbulent flow structural unit for the first time, so that the transverse flow is further promoted, and the longitudinal flow is widened. When the electrolyte flows to the third-stage turbulence structure unit, the third-stage turbulence structure unit shunts the electrolyte again, so that the electrolyte flowing in from the inlet end is uniformly distributed.
Preferably, the polar plate is also provided with a plurality of mastoid spoiler areas, the mastoid spoiler areas are distributed in the point spoiler structural units, and each mastoid spoiler area comprises a plurality of mastoid structural units which are distributed in a staggered manner. The mastoid turbulent flow area can adapt to a plurality of electrolytic tanks with different volumes, and mastoid structural units in the mastoid turbulent flow area are distributed in a staggered way, so that the electrolyte can be dispersed more uniformly.
Preferably, the third-stage spoiler structure unit comprises a plurality of convex structure units which are distributed in a staggered manner with the second-stage spoiler structure unit in a direction parallel to the fluid direction. The transverse flow can be further promoted, so that the electrolyte flowing in from the inlet end is distributed more uniformly.
Preferably, the first protruding structural unit, the second protruding structural unit and the third protruding structural unit are any one or any mixture of square protrusions, diamond protrusions and triangular protrusions. Square bulge, diamond bulge, triangle-shaped are for having smooth plane interference, have stronger vortex effect to the electrolyte, can ensure that the electrolyte realizes stronger horizontal reposition of redundant personnel.
Preferably, the first-stage turbulence structure units are step-shaped protruding structure units with two ends in an ascending trend towards the fluid inlet end and are staggered in a direction perpendicular to the fluid direction.
Preferably, the first protruding structural unit is a square protrusion, the second protruding structural unit is a square protrusion, and the third protruding structural unit is a square protrusion.
Preferably, the first protruding structural unit is a square protrusion; two ends of the second bulge structure unit are diamond bulges, and the middle part of the second bulge structure unit is triangular bulge; the third protruding structural unit is a square protrusion.
Preferably, the first protruding structural unit is a square protrusion; two ends of the second bulge structure unit are diamond bulges, and the middle part of the second bulge structure unit is triangular bulge; the third protruding structural unit is a diamond-shaped protrusion.
Preferably, the first protruding structural unit is a square protrusion, the second protruding structural unit is a triangular protrusion, and the third protruding structural unit is a diamond protrusion.
An alkaline electrolytic cell provided with the above-described flow path structure.
The invention has the following technical effects:
The electrolyte entering from the inlet end is subjected to primary multidirectional turbulent flow dispersion through the first bulge structural units which are staggered in the direction perpendicular to the fluid direction in the first-stage turbulent flow structural units, so that the transverse distribution capacity of the electrolyte is improved, the longitudinal flow of the electrolyte is ensured, the transverse flow is promoted, the electrolyte is initially split to the greatest extent from the moment of entering the fluid flow channel, and the splitting efficiency is high. When the electrolyte flows to the second-stage turbulent flow structural unit through the first-stage turbulent flow structural unit, the second-stage turbulent flow structural unit is distributed with the first-stage turbulent flow structural unit in a staggered manner in a direction parallel to the fluid direction, and the second-stage turbulent flow structural unit shunts the electrolyte which is shunted from the first-stage turbulent flow structural unit for the first time, so that the transverse flow is further promoted, and the longitudinal flow is widened. When the electrolyte flows to the third-stage turbulence structure unit, the third-stage turbulence structure unit shunts the electrolyte again, so that the electrolyte flowing in from the inlet end is uniformly distributed. The first-stage turbulent flow structure unit, the second-stage turbulent flow structure unit and the third-stage turbulent flow structure unit form the flow dividing flow passage, so that the transverse flow capacity and the mass transfer rate of the electrolyte are promoted, the flow uniformity of the electrolyte is effectively improved, the electrolyte is fully utilized in the electrolysis process, and the electrolysis efficiency is effectively improved. And the flow is uniformly distributed, so that the gas generated by the electrolytic reaction can be effectively discharged, and the generation of local hot spots is reduced, thereby effectively prolonging the service life of the alkaline electrolytic tank.
2. Because the first-stage vortex structural unit includes a plurality of first protruding structural unit, the second-stage vortex structural unit includes a plurality of second protruding structural unit, the third-stage vortex structural unit includes a plurality of third protruding structural unit, can freely arrange protruding structural unit of first protruding structural unit, second according to the needs of electrolysis trough, can make full use of polar plate, exert the effect of punctiform vortex structural unit, the practicality is strong.
3. The mastoid structural units in the mastoid turbulent flow area are distributed in a staggered manner, so that the electrolyte can be dispersed more uniformly, and the utilization efficiency of the whole structure is improved.
4. A plurality of turbulent flow areas are formed on the polar plate through the first-stage turbulent flow structure unit, the second-stage turbulent flow structure unit, the third-stage turbulent flow structure unit and the mastoid turbulent flow area, so that electrolyte can flow from the inlet end to the outlet end for a plurality of times, and the flow of the electrolyte in the flow channel is uniformly distributed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a velocity cloud of electrolyte in the cathode flow channels of examples 1-4 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the y-coordinates of six xz sections of the flow channels in the cell model geometry of CCFSC;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the six xz cross-sectional flow uniformity coefficients (Uxz) and the flow channel middle xy cross-sectional flow uniformity coefficient (Uxy) for comparative examples 1-4;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the six xz cross-sectional flow uniformity coefficients (Uxz) and the flow channel middle xy cross-sectional flow uniformity coefficient (Uxy) for examples 1-4;
FIG. 9 shows the average volume fractions of gases in the cathode and anode of the cell of the flow channel structure of comparative examples 1-4, example 4;
FIG. 10 shows the highest temperature, lowest temperature and average temperature in the cell membranes of the flow channel structures of comparative examples 1-4, example 4;
FIG. 11 is a polarization curve of the electrolytic cell of the flow path structure of comparative examples 1-4, example 4;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the structure of embodiment 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the structure of embodiment 6 of the present invention;
fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 7 of the present invention.
Illustration of: 1. a plate body; 11. an inlet end; 12. an outlet end; 2. a first stage spoiler structural unit; 3. a second-stage spoiler structural unit; 4. a third stage spoiler structural unit; 5. mastoid spoiler.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1, a flow channel structure of an alkaline electrolytic cell comprises a polar plate main body 1, wherein the polar plate main body 1 is provided with an inlet end 11 and an outlet end 12, and the inlet end 11 and the outlet end 12 form a fluid direction; the electrode plate main body 1 is distributed with point-shaped turbulent flow structural units, the point-shaped turbulent flow structural units form a fluid flow channel on the electrode plate main body 1, the point-shaped turbulent flow structural units comprise a first-stage turbulent flow structural unit 2 close to an inlet end 11, a second-stage turbulent flow structural unit 3 and a third-stage turbulent flow structural unit 4 close to an outlet end 12, the first-stage turbulent flow structural unit 2 comprises 5 first bulge structural units which are arranged in a row and are distributed in a staggered mode in the direction perpendicular to the fluid direction, the second-stage turbulent flow structural unit 3 is positioned between the first-stage turbulent flow structural unit 2 and the third-stage turbulent flow structural unit 4, the second-stage turbulent flow structural unit 3 comprises 5 second bulge structural units which are arranged in a row and are distributed in a staggered mode with the first-stage turbulent flow structural unit 2 in the direction parallel to the fluid direction, and the third-stage turbulent flow structural unit 4 comprises 29 third bulge structural units which are arranged in five rows. The first-stage turbulence structure unit 2 is a step-shaped protruding structure unit with two ends rising toward the fluid inlet end 11 and staggered in a direction perpendicular to the fluid direction. The first protruding structural unit is a square protrusion, the second protruding structural unit is a square protrusion, and the third protruding structural unit is a square protrusion.
Example 2: as shown in fig. 2, a flow channel structure of an alkaline electrolytic cell comprises a polar plate main body 1, wherein the polar plate main body 1 is provided with an inlet end 11 and an outlet end 12, and the inlet end 11 and the outlet end 12 form a fluid direction; the electrode plate main body 1 is distributed with point-shaped turbulent flow structural units, the point-shaped turbulent flow structural units form a fluid flow channel on the electrode plate main body 1, the point-shaped turbulent flow structural units comprise a first-stage turbulent flow structural unit 2 close to an inlet end 11, a second-stage turbulent flow structural unit 3 and a third-stage turbulent flow structural unit 4 close to an outlet end 12, the first-stage turbulent flow structural unit 2 comprises 5 first protruding structural units which are arranged in a row and are distributed in a staggered mode in the direction perpendicular to the fluid direction, the second-stage turbulent flow structural unit 3 is located between the first-stage turbulent flow structural unit 2 and the third-stage turbulent flow structural unit 4, the second-stage turbulent flow structural unit 3 comprises 6 second protruding structural units which are arranged in a row and are distributed in a staggered mode with the first-stage turbulent flow structural unit 2 in the direction parallel to the fluid direction, and the third-stage turbulent flow structural unit 4 comprises 29 third protruding structural units which are arranged in five rows. The first-stage turbulence structure unit 2 is a step-shaped protruding structure unit with two ends rising toward the fluid inlet end 11 and staggered in a direction perpendicular to the fluid direction. The first bulge structure unit is a square bulge; two ends of the second bulge structure unit are diamond bulges, and the middle part of the second bulge structure unit is triangular bulge; the third protruding structural unit is a square protrusion.
Example 3: as shown in fig. 3, a flow channel structure of an alkaline electrolytic cell comprises a polar plate main body 1, wherein the polar plate main body 1 is provided with an inlet end 11 and an outlet end 12, and the inlet end 11 and the outlet end 12 form a fluid direction; the electrode plate main body 1 is distributed with point-shaped turbulent flow structural units, the point-shaped turbulent flow structural units form a fluid flow channel on the electrode plate main body 1, the point-shaped turbulent flow structural units comprise a first-stage turbulent flow structural unit 2 close to an inlet end 11, a second-stage turbulent flow structural unit 3 and a third-stage turbulent flow structural unit 4 close to an outlet end 12, the first-stage turbulent flow structural unit 2 comprises 5 first bulge structural units which are arranged in a row and are distributed in a staggered mode in the direction perpendicular to the fluid direction, the second-stage turbulent flow structural unit 3 is positioned between the first-stage turbulent flow structural unit 2 and the third-stage turbulent flow structural unit 4, the second-stage turbulent flow structural unit 3 comprises 6 second bulge structural units which are arranged in a row and are distributed in a staggered mode with the first-stage turbulent flow structural unit 2 in the direction parallel to the fluid direction, and the third-stage turbulent flow structural unit 4 comprises 29 third bulge structural units which are arranged in a ten-thousand rows. The first-stage turbulence structure unit 2 is a step-shaped protruding structure unit with two ends rising toward the fluid inlet end 11 and staggered in a direction perpendicular to the fluid direction. The first bulge structure unit is a square bulge; two ends of the second bulge structure unit are diamond bulges, and the middle part of the second bulge structure unit is triangular bulge; the third protruding structural unit is a diamond-shaped protrusion.
Example 4: as shown in fig. 4, a flow channel structure of an alkaline electrolytic cell comprises a polar plate main body 1, wherein the polar plate main body 1 is provided with an inlet end 11 and an outlet end 12, and the inlet end 11 and the outlet end 12 form a fluid direction; the electrode plate main body 1 is distributed with point-shaped turbulent flow structural units, the point-shaped turbulent flow structural units form a fluid flow channel on the electrode plate main body 1, the point-shaped turbulent flow structural units comprise a first-stage turbulent flow structural unit 2 close to an inlet end 11, a second-stage turbulent flow structural unit 3 and a third-stage turbulent flow structural unit 4 close to an outlet end 12, the first-stage turbulent flow structural unit 2 comprises 5 first bulge structural units which are arranged in a row and are distributed in a staggered mode in the direction perpendicular to the fluid direction, the second-stage turbulent flow structural unit 3 is positioned between the first-stage turbulent flow structural unit 2 and the third-stage turbulent flow structural unit 4, the second-stage turbulent flow structural unit 3 comprises 8 second bulge structural units which are arranged in a row and are distributed in a staggered mode with the first-stage turbulent flow structural unit 2 in the direction parallel to the fluid direction, and the third-stage turbulent flow structural unit 4 comprises 29 third bulge structural units which are arranged in five rows. The first-stage turbulence structure unit 2 is a step-shaped protruding structure unit with two ends rising toward the fluid inlet end 11 and staggered in a direction perpendicular to the fluid direction. The first protruding structural unit is a square protrusion, the second protruding structural unit is a triangular protrusion, and the third protruding structural unit is a diamond protrusion.
Example 5: as shown in fig. 12, a flow channel structure of an alkaline electrolytic cell comprises a plate main body 1, wherein the plate main body 1 is provided with an inlet end 11 and an outlet end 12, and the inlet end 11 and the outlet end 12 form a fluid direction; the electrode plate main body 1 is distributed with point-shaped turbulent flow structural units, the point-shaped turbulent flow structural units form a fluid flow channel on the electrode plate main body 1, the point-shaped turbulent flow structural units comprise a first-stage turbulent flow structural unit 2 close to an inlet end 11, a second-stage turbulent flow structural unit 3 and a third-stage turbulent flow structural unit 4 close to an outlet end 12, the first-stage turbulent flow structural unit 2 comprises 5 first bulge structural units which are arranged in a row and are distributed in a staggered mode in the direction perpendicular to the fluid direction, the second-stage turbulent flow structural unit 3 is located between the first-stage turbulent flow structural unit 2 and the third-stage turbulent flow structural unit 4, the second-stage turbulent flow structural unit 3 comprises 8 second bulge structural units which are arranged in a row and are distributed in a staggered mode with the first-stage turbulent flow structural unit 2 in the direction parallel to the fluid direction, and the third-stage turbulent flow structural unit 4 comprises 80 third bulge structural units which are arranged in eight rows. The first-stage turbulence structure unit 2 is a step-shaped protruding structure unit with two ends rising toward the fluid inlet end 11 and staggered in a direction perpendicular to the fluid direction. The middle of the first bulge structure unit is provided with a square bulge, and two ends of the first bulge structure unit are provided with diamond bulges; the second protruding structural units are diamond-shaped protrusions, and the third protruding structural units are diamond-shaped protrusions. The electrode plate is also provided with 1 mastoid spoiler area 5, the mastoid spoiler area 5 is distributed between the second-stage spoiler structure unit and the third-stage spoiler structure unit, and the mastoid spoiler area 5 comprises 53 mastoid structure units which are arranged in five rows and are distributed in a staggered manner.
Example 6: as shown in fig. 13, a flow channel structure of an alkaline electrolytic cell comprises a plate main body 1, wherein the plate main body 1 is provided with an inlet end 11 and an outlet end 12, and the inlet end 11 and the outlet end 12 form a fluid direction; the electrode plate main body 1 is distributed with point-shaped turbulent flow structural units, the point-shaped turbulent flow structural units form a fluid flow channel on the electrode plate main body 1, the point-shaped turbulent flow structural units comprise a first-stage turbulent flow structural unit 2 close to an inlet end 11, a second-stage turbulent flow structural unit 3 and a third-stage turbulent flow structural unit 4 close to an outlet end 12, the first-stage turbulent flow structural unit 2 comprises 5 first bulge structural units which are arranged in a row and are distributed in a staggered mode in the direction perpendicular to the fluid direction, the second-stage turbulent flow structural unit 3 is positioned between the first-stage turbulent flow structural unit 2 and the third-stage turbulent flow structural unit 4, the second-stage turbulent flow structural unit 3 comprises 8 second bulge structural units which are arranged in a row and are distributed in a staggered mode with the first-stage turbulent flow structural unit 2 in the direction parallel to the fluid direction, and the third-stage turbulent flow structural unit 4 comprises 49 third bulge structural units which are arranged in five rows. The first-stage turbulence structure unit 2 is a step-shaped protruding structure unit with two ends rising toward the fluid inlet end 11 and staggered in a direction perpendicular to the fluid direction. The middle of the first bulge structure unit is provided with a square bulge, and two ends of the first bulge structure unit are provided with diamond bulges; the second protruding structural units are diamond-shaped protrusions, and the third protruding structural units are diamond-shaped protrusions. The polar plate is also provided with 2 mastoid spoiler areas 5, wherein one mastoid spoiler area 5 is distributed between the second-stage spoiler structure unit and the third-stage spoiler structure unit and comprises 53 mastoid structure units which are arranged in five rows and are distributed in a staggered manner; the other mastoid spoiler region 5 is distributed in the third level spoiler structural unit, which comprises 53 mastoid structural units which are arranged in five rows and are distributed in a staggered manner.
Example 7: as shown in fig. 14, a flow channel structure of an alkaline electrolytic cell comprises a plate main body 1, wherein the plate main body 1 is provided with an inlet end 11 and an outlet end 12, and the inlet end 11 and the outlet end 12 form a fluid direction; the electrode plate main body 1 is distributed with point-shaped turbulent flow structural units, the point-shaped turbulent flow structural units form a fluid flow channel on the electrode plate main body 1, the point-shaped turbulent flow structural units comprise a first-stage turbulent flow structural unit 2 close to an inlet end 11, a second-stage turbulent flow structural unit 3 and a third-stage turbulent flow structural unit 4 close to an outlet end 12, the first-stage turbulent flow structural unit 2 comprises 5 first bulge structural units which are arranged in a row and are distributed in a staggered mode in the direction perpendicular to the fluid, the second-stage turbulent flow structural unit 3 is located between the first-stage turbulent flow structural unit 2 and the third-stage turbulent flow structural unit 4, the second-stage turbulent flow structural unit 3 comprises 8 second bulge structural units which are arranged in a row and are distributed in a staggered mode with the first-stage turbulent flow structural unit 2 in the direction parallel to the fluid, and the third-stage turbulent flow structural unit 4 comprises 10 third bulge structural units which are arranged in two rows. The first-stage turbulence structure unit 2 is a step-shaped protruding structure unit with two ends rising toward the fluid inlet end 11 and staggered in a direction perpendicular to the fluid direction. The middle of the first bulge structure unit is provided with a square bulge, and two ends of the first bulge structure unit are provided with diamond bulges; the second protruding structural units are diamond-shaped protrusions, and the third protruding structural units are diamond-shaped protrusions. The electrode plate is also provided with 1 mastoid spoiler area 5, the mastoid spoiler area 5 is distributed between the second-stage spoiler structure unit and the third-stage spoiler structure unit, and the mastoid spoiler area 5 comprises 193 mastoid structure units which are arranged in seventeen rows and distributed in a staggered manner.
Comparative example 1: a conventional alkaline cell having regularly arranged Concave-convex ball flow channels (Concave-Convex Sphere Flow Channel, CCSFC).
Comparative example 2: a conventional alkaline cell having square flow channels (Square Flow Channel, SFC) in a regular arrangement.
Comparative example 3: a conventional alkaline cell having regularly arranged diamond-shaped flow channels (Diamond Flow Channel, DFC).
Comparative example 4: a conventional alkaline cell having regularly arranged triangular flow channels (Triangle Flow Channel, TFC).
Test example: the same size of the electrolytic cell having the structure of example 1, the electrolytic cell having the structure of example 2, the electrolytic cell having the structure of example 3, the electrolytic cell having the structure of example 4, comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3, comparative example 4 were used as test examples, the electrolytic cell having the structure of example 1 was abbreviated as PPFC-1, the electrolytic cell having the structure of example 2 was abbreviated as PPFC-2, the electrolytic cell having the structure of example 3 was abbreviated as PPFC-3, the electrolytic cell having the structure of example 4 was abbreviated as PPFC-4, comparative example 1 was abbreviated as CCFSC, comparative example 2 was abbreviated as SFC, comparative example 3 was abbreviated as DFC, and comparative example 4 was abbreviated as TFC.
Finite element software was used to study the effect of flow channel structure on electrolyte flow rate and distribution uniformity, gas content, temperature, and polarization curve inside the test case.
1. Flow uniformity comparison
Taking CCFSC cell model geometry as an example, as shown in fig. 6, six xz sections were selected to analyze the electrolyte flow conditions of the flow channels in different regions. The remaining test examples all select six xz sections corresponding to the test examples to analyze the electrolyte flow state of the flow channel in different areas
To quantify the flow uniformity of the electrolyte in the different flow channel structures, a flow uniformity coefficient Uv was introduced, with smaller Uv indicating more uniform electrolyte flow.
The flow uniformity coefficient Uv expression is:
。
As shown in fig. 7, the four conventional flow channels CCFSC, SFC, DFC, TFC each exhibit the greatest degree of flow distribution non-uniformity, 0.83, 0.76, 0.79, 0.78, respectively, at y= -13.75mm near the inlet end 11, which affects the downstream flow distribution of electrolyte as it flows in near the inlet end 11.
As shown in fig. 5 and 8, compared with four traditional flow channels of PPFC-1, PPFC-2, PPFC-3 and PPFC-4, the flow uniformity coefficient at the xz section at y= -13.75mm is greatly reduced, namely 0.74, 0.75, 0.72 and 0.68 respectively, when electrolyte flows in, the electrolyte entering from the inlet end 11 is subjected to primary multidirectional turbulence dispersion through 5 first bulge structural units which are staggered in the direction perpendicular to the fluid direction in the first-stage turbulence structural units 2, so that the transverse distribution capability of the electrolyte is improved, the longitudinal flow of the electrolyte is ensured, the transverse flow is promoted, the electrolyte is initially branched to the greatest extent from the moment after entering the fluid flow channel, and the splitting efficiency is high.
The diamond-shaped raised structural units of the third stage spoiler structural unit 4 reduce the flow uniformity coefficient in all xz planes and the flow uniformity coefficient in the xy plane compared to square raised structural units.
The first-stage turbulence structure unit 2 adopts square protruding structure units which are staggered and distributed in the direction perpendicular to the fluid direction, so that the longitudinal flow of electrolyte is ensured, and the transverse flow is promoted; the second stage turbulent flow structural elements 3 further divide the electrolyte to maximize longitudinal flow. In addition, the tertiary turbulence structure unit 4 is also critical for a uniform electrolyte flow distribution.
In the experimental example, PPFC-4 exhibited the lowest flow uniformity coefficient in all six xz planes and in the center xy plane, and the flow uniformity coefficient of PPFC-4 in the xy plane was reduced by 17.5% compared to CCSFC, 2.4% compared to SFC, 4.9% compared to DFC, and 12.3% compared to TFC. Therefore, the flow channel structure of example 4 is the most uniform in electrolyte distribution, and example 4 is the most preferred embodiment.
2. Comparison of gas content
As shown in fig. 9, the volume fractions of hydrogen and oxygen in the PPFC-4 electrode were lowest, 0.08956 and 0.0615, respectively. The PPFC-4 has excellent gas discharge capacity, so that the reduction of electrochemical active area and the increase of electrolyte mass transfer resistance caused by gas accumulation on the surface of an electrode are prevented, and the electrolysis efficiency can be effectively improved.
3. Temperature contrast
As shown in FIG. 10, the average temperature 354.73K of PPFC-4 is only 1.58 and K above the operating temperature 353.15K, and the maximum temperature is about 6. 6K below CCSFC. CCSFC has a maximum average temperature, which is 15: 15K higher than the operating temperature. The PPFC-4 can effectively control the temperature, reduce local hot spots and ensure that the electrolytic tank can operate at the temperature close to the working temperature, and can improve the stability and the safety of the whole electrolytic water system.
4. Contrast of polarization curves
As shown in fig. 11, at the same voltage, a higher current density means a higher hydrogen production rate and better cell performance. At low voltages, the difference in current density is negligible for all five cells. As the cell voltage increases, the flow channel structure has an increasingly pronounced effect on the electrochemical performance. As shown in fig. 10, at the same voltage, the current densities are ordered as follows: PPFC-4> dfc > sfc > tfc > ccsfc. At a voltage of 1.8V, the current density of PPFC-4 was 8.1% higher than CCSFC, and at a voltage of 2V, the current density of PPFC-4 was 10.7% higher than CCSFC. PPFC-4 has optimal electrolyte flow uniformity to ensure adequate supply of reactants and efficient removal of gases, thus PPFC-4 has lower energy loss at the same current density.
In conclusion, the PPFC-4 has good electrolyte distribution uniformity and mass transfer performance. The first-stage turbulent flow structural unit 2 of the PPFC-4 inlet area adopts square protruding structural units which are distributed in a staggered way in the direction perpendicular to the fluid direction, so that the transverse distribution capacity of electrolyte is enhanced, the triangular protruding structural unit of the second-stage turbulent flow structural unit 3 improves the flow velocity of the electrolyte, and the mass transfer rate of the electrolyte to the porous electrode is increased. Because of the improved flow uniformity, PPFC-4 can more effectively vent gases generated by the reaction and reduce the formation of localized hot spots in the electrolyzer. PPFC-4 has a higher electrolyte mass transfer rate and can more effectively discharge bubbles, so that mass transfer resistance and ohmic loss can be reduced. Thus, PPFC-4 exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, thereby increasing the rate of electrolytic reaction and reducing the power consumption of the alkaline electrolyzer.
The above embodiments are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A flow channel structure of an alkaline electrolytic cell, characterized in that: the electrode plate comprises an electrode plate main body, wherein the electrode plate main body is provided with an inlet end and an outlet end, and the inlet end and the outlet end form a fluid direction; the electrode plate main body is distributed with point-shaped turbulent flow structural units, the point-shaped turbulent flow structural units form a fluid flow channel on the electrode plate main body, the point-shaped turbulent flow structural units comprise a first-stage turbulent flow structural unit close to an inlet end, a second-stage turbulent flow structural unit and a third-stage turbulent flow structural unit close to an outlet end, the first-stage turbulent flow structural unit comprises a plurality of first protruding structural units which are distributed in a staggered manner in a direction perpendicular to the fluid, the second-stage turbulent flow structural unit is located between the first-stage turbulent flow structural unit and the third-stage turbulent flow structural unit, the second-stage turbulent flow structural unit comprises a plurality of second protruding structural units which are distributed in a staggered manner with the first-stage turbulent flow structural unit in a direction parallel to the fluid, and the third-stage turbulent flow structural unit comprises a plurality of third protruding structural units.
2. The flow passage structure of an alkaline electrolytic cell according to claim 1, wherein: the electrode plate is also provided with a plurality of mastoid spoiler areas which are distributed in the punctiform spoiler structural units, and each mastoid spoiler area comprises a plurality of mastoid structural units which are distributed in a staggered manner.
3. The flow passage structure of an alkaline electrolytic cell according to claim 1, wherein: the third-stage turbulence structure unit comprises a plurality of protruding structure units which are distributed in a staggered manner with the second-stage turbulence structure units in a direction parallel to the fluid.
4. The flow passage structure of an alkaline electrolytic cell according to claim 1, wherein: the first protruding structural unit, the second protruding structural unit and the third protruding structural unit are any one or any mixture of square protrusions, diamond protrusions and triangular protrusions.
5. The flow passage structure of an alkaline electrolytic cell according to claim 4, wherein: the first-stage turbulence structure units are ladder-shaped protruding structure units with two ends in ascending trend towards the fluid inlet end and are distributed in a staggered mode perpendicular to the fluid direction.
6. The flow passage structure of an alkaline electrolytic cell according to claim 5, wherein: the first protruding structural unit is a square protrusion, the second protruding structural unit is a square protrusion, and the third protruding structural unit is a square protrusion.
7. The flow passage structure of an alkaline electrolytic cell according to claim 5, wherein: the first bulge structure unit is a square bulge; two ends of the second bulge structure unit are diamond bulges, and the middle part of the second bulge structure unit is triangular bulge; the third protruding structural unit is a square protrusion.
8. The flow passage structure of an alkaline electrolytic cell according to claim 5, wherein: the first bulge structure unit is a square bulge; two ends of the second bulge structure unit are diamond bulges, and the middle part of the second bulge structure unit is triangular bulge; the third protruding structural unit is a diamond-shaped protrusion.
9. The flow passage structure of an alkaline electrolytic cell according to claim 5, wherein: the first protruding structural unit is a square protrusion, the second protruding structural unit is a triangular protrusion, and the third protruding structural unit is a diamond protrusion.
10. An alkaline electrolytic cell, characterized in that: the alkaline electrolytic cell is provided with a flow path structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
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