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CN118616703A - A control method based on precious metal craft casting - Google Patents

A control method based on precious metal craft casting Download PDF

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CN118616703A
CN118616703A CN202411100285.6A CN202411100285A CN118616703A CN 118616703 A CN118616703 A CN 118616703A CN 202411100285 A CN202411100285 A CN 202411100285A CN 118616703 A CN118616703 A CN 118616703A
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defect
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casting
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product
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CN118616703B (en
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刘超
黄永华
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Sichuan King Box Culture Communication Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D46/00—Controlling, supervising, not restricted to casting covered by a single main group, e.g. for safety reasons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor

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Abstract

本发明涉及金属铸造技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于贵金属工艺品铸造的控制方法，本发明包括，得到熔融金属；对各模具分别进行预加热；熔炉将熔融金属依次倒入至各模具组中，启动负压装置以对密闭空间进行抽真空处理；将产品输送至检测单元提取轮廓特征和缺陷特征；分析单元基于缺陷特征或所述轮廓特征判定针对贵金属的铸造是否符合标准；在判定针对贵金属的铸造不符合标准的情况下发出重新铸造通知，并在重新铸造前根据产品的边缘轮廓特征或各缺陷特征的分布情况确定不符合标准的原因，根据确定的原因确定重新铸造过程中对应的铸造参数，提高了铸造效率。

The present invention relates to the field of metal casting technology, and in particular to a control method based on the casting of precious metal handicrafts. The present invention comprises the following steps: obtaining molten metal; preheating each mold respectively; pouring the molten metal into each mold group in turn by a melting furnace, and starting a negative pressure device to evacuate a closed space; conveying the product to a detection unit to extract contour features and defect features; an analysis unit determining whether the casting of the precious metal meets the standards based on the defect features or the contour features; issuing a recasting notice if it is determined that the casting of the precious metal does not meet the standards, and determining the reasons for the non-compliance with the standards according to the edge contour features of the product or the distribution of each defect feature before recasting, and determining the corresponding casting parameters in the recasting process according to the determined reasons, thereby improving the casting efficiency.

Description

一种基于贵金属工艺品铸造的控制方法A control method based on precious metal craft casting

技术领域Technical Field

本发明涉及金属铸造技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于贵金属工艺品铸造的控制方法。The invention relates to the technical field of metal casting, and in particular to a control method based on precious metal handicraft casting.

背景技术Background Art

现代社会，在产业结构调整、原材料紧张、能源短缺、环境生态日益备受关注、消费者要求更加苛求的压力下，传统工业特别是以钢铁和贵金属为代表的金属材料工业，一直在追求技术进步和进行设备改造。In modern society, under the pressure of industrial structure adjustment, raw material tension, energy shortage, increasing attention to environmental ecology, and more demanding consumer demands, traditional industries, especially the metal materials industry represented by steel and precious metals, have been pursuing technological progress and equipment transformation.

中国专利公开号：CN113523254B。公开了一种贵金属制造高真空的连续铸造机，包括，进料斗安装在进料支架上方；铸熔器安装在进料斗下方；贵金属模具安装在所述铸熔器下方；所述检测装置安装在工作台右侧；所述出料装置安装在所述检测装置右侧；贵金属模具设有模具转盘、模具板、模具支撑块、模具固定块；所述模具转盘安装在进料支架面板上；模具支撑块分别安装在所述模具转盘左、右两侧；模具固定块分别安装在左、右两侧所述模具支撑块上；模具板分别安装在左、右两侧所述模具固定块之间；由此可见，所述现有技术存在以下问题：未考虑到根据完成铸造的产品的检测结果具体确定对应模具的铸造参数，无法把控铸造精度，同时无法确定原因导致不能对工艺进行针对性改进，导致铸造效率低。Chinese Patent Publication No.: CN113523254B. A high-vacuum continuous casting machine for precious metal manufacturing is disclosed, comprising: a feed hopper installed above a feed bracket; a casting melter installed below the feed hopper; a precious metal mold installed below the casting melter; the detection device installed on the right side of the workbench; the discharging device installed on the right side of the detection device; the precious metal mold is provided with a mold turntable, a mold plate, a mold support block, and a mold fixing block; the mold turntable is installed on the panel of the feed bracket; the mold support blocks are respectively installed on the left and right sides of the mold turntable; the mold fixing blocks are respectively installed on the mold support blocks on the left and right sides; the mold plates are respectively installed between the mold fixing blocks on the left and right sides; it can be seen that the prior art has the following problems: it does not take into account the specific determination of the casting parameters of the corresponding mold according to the detection results of the finished cast product, and the casting accuracy cannot be controlled. At the same time, it is impossible to determine the reasons that lead to the inability to make targeted improvements to the process, resulting in low casting efficiency.

发明内容Summary of the invention

为此，本发明提供一种基于贵金属工艺品铸造的控制方法，用以克服现有技术中未考虑到根据完成铸造的产品的检测结果具体确定对应模具的铸造参数，无法把控铸造精度，同时无法确定原因导致不能对工艺进行针对性改进，导致铸造效率低的问题。To this end, the present invention provides a control method based on the casting of precious metal handicrafts, which is used to overcome the problem that the prior art does not take into account the specific determination of the casting parameters of the corresponding mold based on the inspection results of the completed cast products, and the casting accuracy cannot be controlled. At the same time, the reasons cannot be determined, resulting in the inability to make targeted improvements to the process, resulting in low casting efficiency.

为实现上述目的，本发明提供一种基于贵金属工艺品铸造的控制方法，包括：To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a control method based on precious metal handicraft casting, comprising:

将贵金属输送至熔炉中，启动熔炉以使熔炉将贵金属熔融，熔融后得到熔融金属；The precious metal is transported to the furnace, and the furnace is started so that the furnace melts the precious metal to obtain molten metal;

使用预加热单元对各模具分别进行预加热并在预加热前确定针对各模具的预加热时长，合并预加热完成的各模具，并将合并为一体的若干模具记为单个模具组，分别确定各模具组中模具间的夹紧力；Using a preheating unit to preheat each mold separately and determining the preheating time for each mold before preheating, merging the molds that have been preheated, and recording the molds merged into one as a single mold group, and determining the clamping force between the molds in each mold group separately;

控制所述熔炉以对应的转速旋转以将所述熔融金属依次倒入至各所述模具组中，并将装有熔融金属的各所述模具组输送至负压装置内部；Controlling the furnace to rotate at a corresponding speed to pour the molten metal into each of the mold sets in sequence, and conveying each of the mold sets containing the molten metal into the interior of the negative pressure device;

使各所述模具组中的熔融金属在所述负压装置内的密闭空间内冷却，同时启动负压装置以对密闭空间进行抽真空处理；Allowing the molten metal in each of the mold groups to cool in the enclosed space in the negative pressure device, while starting the negative pressure device to evacuate the enclosed space;

冷却完成后将制得的产品输送至检测单元，检测单元获取各产品在不同角度的图像信息并基于各图像信息提取产品在不同角度下的轮廓特征和产品在不同角度下的表面的缺陷特征；After cooling, the prepared products are transported to the inspection unit, which obtains image information of each product at different angles and extracts contour features of the product at different angles and surface defect features of the product at different angles based on the image information;

将获取的缺陷特征输送至分析单元，分析单元基于所述缺陷特征或所述轮廓特征判定针对贵金属的铸造是否符合标准；The acquired defect features are transmitted to an analysis unit, and the analysis unit determines whether the casting of the precious metal meets the standards based on the defect features or the contour features;

在判定针对贵金属的铸造不符合标准的情况下发出重新铸造通知，并在重新铸造前根据产品的边缘轮廓特征或各缺陷特征的分布情况确定不符合标准的原因，根据确定的原因确定重新铸造过程中对应的铸造参数，其中，铸造参数包括预加热时长、夹紧力、浇铸转速和负压压强。When it is determined that the casting of precious metals does not meet the standards, a recasting notice will be issued, and before recasting, the reason for non-compliance with the standards will be determined based on the edge profile characteristics of the product or the distribution of various defect characteristics. The corresponding casting parameters in the recasting process will be determined based on the determined reasons, where the casting parameters include preheating time, clamping force, casting speed and negative pressure.

进一步地，所述分析单元在接收到所述检测单元输送的缺陷特征时，对于单个所述产品，分析单元将该产品在各角度下图像信息中缺陷特征的总面积和产品在各角度下获取的产品特征的总面积的比值记为缺陷比值并基于缺陷比值判定针对该产品的铸造是否符合标准，其中：Further, when the analysis unit receives the defect features transmitted by the detection unit, for a single product, the analysis unit records the ratio of the total area of the defect features in the image information of the product at each angle to the total area of the product features obtained at each angle as the defect ratio and determines whether the casting of the product meets the standard based on the defect ratio, wherein:

若所述缺陷比值小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第一预设缺陷比值，分析单元判定针对所述产品的铸造符合标准；If the defect ratio is less than or equal to a first preset defect ratio set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit determines that the casting of the product meets the standard;

若所述缺陷比值大于所述第一预设缺陷比值且小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第二预设缺陷比值，分析单元基于所述检测单元获取的所述产品在不同角度下的轮廓特征判定针对产品的铸造是否符合标准；If the defect ratio is greater than the first preset defect ratio and less than or equal to the second preset defect ratio set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit determines whether the casting of the product meets the standard based on the contour features of the product at different angles obtained by the detection unit;

若所述缺陷比值大于所述第二预设缺陷比值，所述分析单元判定针对所述产品的铸造不符合标准，分析单元基于所述检测单元获取的所述产品在不同角度下缺陷特征的分布情况确定针对产品的铸造不符合标准的原因。If the defect ratio is greater than the second preset defect ratio, the analysis unit determines that the casting of the product does not meet the standards, and the analysis unit determines the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standards based on the distribution of defect characteristics of the product at different angles obtained by the detection unit.

进一步地，所述分析单元基于所述产品在不同角度下的轮廓特征确定针对产品的铸造不符合标准的原因的步骤包括：Further, the step of determining, by the analysis unit, the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standards based on the contour features of the product at different angles includes:

获取所述产品在不同角度下的实际轮廓特征，并依次将各实际轮廓与需求产品在对应角度下的预设轮廓特征进行重合比对；Acquire the actual contour features of the product at different angles, and sequentially compare and overlap each actual contour with the preset contour features of the required product at the corresponding angle;

对于单个实际轮廓，分析单元将该实际轮廓与对应的预设轮廓进行叠加处理，并获取叠加后特征中实际轮廓与特征对应的预设轮廓特征中重合轮廓特征的长度，分析单元将该重合轮廓特征的长度与预设轮廓特征总长度的比值记为轮廓重合占比；For a single actual contour, the analysis unit performs superposition processing on the actual contour and the corresponding preset contour, and obtains the length of the overlapping contour feature in the actual contour in the superimposed feature and the preset contour feature corresponding to the feature, and the analysis unit records the ratio of the length of the overlapping contour feature to the total length of the preset contour feature as the contour overlap ratio;

获取与各所述实际轮廓特征对应的轮廓重合占比，计算各轮廓重合占比的平均值，将求得的平均值记为平均重合占比并基于平均重合占比确定针对所述产品的铸造不符合标准的原因；Obtaining the contour overlap ratio corresponding to each of the actual contour features, calculating the average value of each contour overlap ratio, recording the obtained average value as the average overlap ratio, and determining the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standard based on the average overlap ratio;

若所述平均重合占比大于所述分析单元中设置的预设重合占比，分析单元判定针对所述产品的铸造符合标准；If the average overlap ratio is greater than a preset overlap ratio set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit determines that the casting of the product meets the standard;

若所述平均重合占比小于等于所述预设重合占比，所述分析单元判定针对所述产品的铸造不符合标准，分析单元基于所述检测单元获取的所述产品在不同角度下缺陷轮廓特征确定针对产品的铸造不符合标准的原因，其中，缺陷轮廓特征包括各重叠特征中所述实际轮廓特征中与对应的预设轮廓特征不重合的轮廓特征。If the average overlap ratio is less than or equal to the preset overlap ratio, the analysis unit determines that the casting of the product does not meet the standards, and the analysis unit determines the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standards based on the defect contour features of the product at different angles obtained by the detection unit, wherein the defect contour features include contour features in the actual contour features in each overlapping feature that do not overlap with the corresponding preset contour features.

进一步地，所述分析单元基于各所述缺陷轮廓特征确定针对产品的铸造不符合标准的原因的步骤包括：Further, the step of determining the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standard based on each of the defect profile features by the analysis unit includes:

对各所述缺陷轮廓特征进行分类，将位于对应的所述预设轮廓特征外部的缺陷轮廓特征记为一类缺陷轮廓特征，并将位于对应的所述预设轮廓特征内部的缺陷轮廓特征记为二类缺陷轮廓特征；Classifying each of the defect contour features, recording the defect contour features located outside the corresponding preset contour features as a first-class defect contour feature, and recording the defect contour features located inside the corresponding preset contour features as a second-class defect contour feature;

完成对各所述缺陷轮廓特征的分类后，计算一类缺陷占比和二类缺陷占比，其中，一类缺陷占比为记为一类缺陷轮廓特征的数量与缺陷轮廓特征总数的比值，二类缺陷占比为记为二类缺陷轮廓特征的数量与缺陷轮廓特征总数的比值；After completing the classification of each of the defect profile features, the proportion of Class I defects and the proportion of Class II defects are calculated, wherein the proportion of Class I defects is the ratio of the number of Class I defect profile features to the total number of defect profile features, and the proportion of Class II defects is the ratio of the number of Class II defect profile features to the total number of defect profile features;

若所述一类缺陷占比大于所述分析单元中设置的预设一类缺陷占比，分析单元判定针对所述贵金属的铸造不符合标准的原因为所述模具组的密封不符合标准，分析单元基于求得的一类缺陷占比确定各所述模具组中对应模具间的夹紧力；If the proportion of the first type of defects is greater than the preset proportion of the first type of defects set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit determines that the reason why the casting of the precious metal does not meet the standard is that the sealing of the mold set does not meet the standard, and the analysis unit determines the clamping force between the corresponding molds in each mold set based on the obtained proportion of the first type of defects;

若所述二类缺陷占比大于所述分析单元中设置的预设二类缺陷占比且所述一类缺陷占比小于等于所述预设一类缺陷占比，分析单元判定针对所述贵金属的铸造不符合标准，并基于所述检测单元获取的所述产品在不同角度下缺陷特征的分布情况确定针对产品的铸造不符合标准的原因。If the proportion of the second type of defects is greater than the preset proportion of the second type of defects set in the analysis unit and the proportion of the first type of defects is less than or equal to the preset proportion of the first type of defects, the analysis unit determines that the casting of the precious metal does not meet the standards, and determines the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standards based on the distribution of defect characteristics of the product at different angles obtained by the detection unit.

进一步地，所述分析单元将所述一类缺陷占比与所述预设一类缺陷占比的差值记为缺陷占比差值，并基于确定各所述模具组中对应模具间的夹紧力，其中：Further, the analysis unit records the difference between the proportion of the first type of defects and the preset proportion of the first type of defects as the defect proportion difference, and determines the clamping force between the corresponding molds in each mold group based on:

若所述缺陷占比差值小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第一预设缺陷占比差值，分析单元使用第一夹紧力调节系数将各所述模具组中对应模具间的夹紧力调节至对应值；If the defect ratio difference is less than or equal to a first preset defect ratio difference set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit uses a first clamping force adjustment coefficient to adjust the clamping force between corresponding molds in each mold group to a corresponding value;

若所述缺陷占比差值大于所述第一预设缺陷占比差值且小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第二预设缺陷占比差值，分析单元使用第二夹紧力调节系数将各所述模具组中对应模具间的夹紧力调节至对应值；If the defect ratio difference is greater than the first preset defect ratio difference and less than or equal to the second preset defect ratio difference set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit uses the second clamping force adjustment coefficient to adjust the clamping force between the corresponding molds in each mold group to a corresponding value;

若所述缺陷占比差值大于所述第二预设缺陷占比差值，所述分析单元使用第三夹紧力调节系数将各所述模具组中对应模具间的夹紧力调节至对应值。If the defect ratio difference is greater than the second preset defect ratio difference, the analysis unit uses a third clamping force adjustment coefficient to adjust the clamping force between corresponding molds in each mold group to a corresponding value.

进一步地，所述分析单元基于所述检测单元获取的所述缺陷特征的分布情况确定针对所述产品的铸造不符合标准的原因的步骤包括：Further, the step of determining, by the analysis unit, the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standards based on the distribution of the defect characteristics acquired by the detection unit includes:

对于单个缺陷特征，所述分析单元获取与该缺陷特征距离最近的相邻缺陷特征，并将该缺陷特征边缘与相邻缺陷特征边缘连线的最小值记为针对该缺陷特征的相邻距离；For a single defect feature, the analysis unit obtains an adjacent defect feature that is closest to the defect feature, and records the minimum value of a line connecting an edge of the defect feature and an edge of an adjacent defect feature as an adjacent distance for the defect feature;

获取各所述缺陷特征的相邻距离并计算各相邻距离的平均值，将求得的平均值记为平均分布距离，并基于平均分布距离确定针对所述产品的铸造不符合标准的原因；Obtaining adjacent distances of each of the defect features and calculating an average value of each adjacent distance, recording the obtained average value as the average distribution distance, and determining the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standard based on the average distribution distance;

若所述平均分布距离小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第一预设平均分布距离，所述分析模块确定针对所述产品的铸造不符合标准的原因为所述熔炉的浇铸过程不符合标准，分析单元基于求得的平均分布距离确定熔炉的浇铸转速；If the average distribution distance is less than or equal to a first preset average distribution distance set in the analysis unit, the analysis module determines that the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standard is that the casting process of the furnace does not meet the standard, and the analysis unit determines the casting speed of the furnace based on the obtained average distribution distance;

若所述平均分布距离大于所述第一预设平均分布距离且小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第二预设平均分布距离，分析模块确定针对所述产品的铸造不符合标准的原因为所述预加热单元针对各所述模具的预加热不符合预设标准，分析单元基于求得的所述缺陷比值确定预加热单元针对模具的加热时长；If the average distribution distance is greater than the first preset average distribution distance and less than or equal to the second preset average distribution distance set in the analysis unit, the analysis module determines that the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standard is that the preheating of each mold by the preheating unit does not meet the preset standard, and the analysis unit determines the heating time of the mold by the preheating unit based on the obtained defect ratio;

若所述平均分布距离大于所述第二预设平均分布距离，分析模块确定针对所述产品的铸造不符合标准的原因为所述负压装置的运行参数不符合标准，分析单元基于各所述缺陷特征的面积确定负压装置运行过程中的负压压强。If the average distribution distance is greater than the second preset average distribution distance, the analysis module determines that the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standards is that the operating parameters of the negative pressure device do not meet the standards, and the analysis unit determines the negative pressure intensity during the operation of the negative pressure device based on the area of each of the defect features.

进一步地，所述分析单元将所述第一预设平均分布距离与所述平均分布距离的差值记为分布距离差值，并基于分布距离差值确定所述熔炉的浇铸转速：Further, the analysis unit records the difference between the first preset average distribution distance and the average distribution distance as a distribution distance difference, and determines the casting speed of the furnace based on the distribution distance difference:

若所述分布距离差值小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第一预设分布距离差值，分析单元使用第一转速调节系数将所述熔炉的浇铸转速调节至对应值；If the distribution distance difference is less than or equal to a first preset distribution distance difference set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit uses a first speed adjustment coefficient to adjust the casting speed of the furnace to a corresponding value;

若所述分布距离差值大于所述第一预设分布距离差值且小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第二预设分布距离差值，分析单元使用第二转速调节系数将所述熔炉的浇铸转速调节至对应值；If the distribution distance difference is greater than the first preset distribution distance difference and less than or equal to the second preset distribution distance difference set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit uses the second speed adjustment coefficient to adjust the casting speed of the furnace to a corresponding value;

若所述分布距离差值大于所述第二预设分布距离差值，所述分析单元使用第三转速调节系数将所述熔炉的浇铸转速调节至对应值。If the distribution distance difference is greater than the second preset distribution distance difference, the analysis unit uses a third speed adjustment coefficient to adjust the casting speed of the furnace to a corresponding value.

进一步地，所述分析单元将所述缺陷比值与所述第二预设缺陷比值的差值的绝对值记为缺陷比值差值，并基于缺陷比值差值确定所述预加热单元针对各所述模具的加热时长：Further, the analysis unit records the absolute value of the difference between the defect ratio and the second preset defect ratio as the defect ratio difference, and determines the heating time of the preheating unit for each of the molds based on the defect ratio difference:

若所述缺陷比值差值小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第一预设缺陷比值差值，分析单元使用第一时长调节系数将所述预加热单元针对各所述模具的加热时长调节至对应值；If the defect ratio difference is less than or equal to a first preset defect ratio difference set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit uses a first duration adjustment coefficient to adjust the heating duration of the preheating unit for each of the molds to a corresponding value;

若所述缺陷比值差值大于所述第一预设缺陷比值差值且小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第二预设缺陷比值差值，分析单元使用第二时长调节系数将所述预加热单元针对各所述模具的加热时长调节至对应值；If the defect ratio difference is greater than the first preset defect ratio difference and less than or equal to the second preset defect ratio difference set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit uses the second duration adjustment coefficient to adjust the heating duration of the preheating unit for each of the molds to a corresponding value;

若所述缺陷比值差值大于所述第二预设缺陷比值差值，所述分析单元使用第三时长调节系数将所述预加热单元针对各所述模具的加热时长调节至对应值。If the defect ratio difference is greater than the second preset defect ratio difference, the analysis unit uses a third duration adjustment coefficient to adjust the heating duration of the preheating unit for each of the molds to a corresponding value.

进一步地，所述分析单元将各所述缺陷特征的面积的平均值记为平均缺陷面积，并基于平均缺陷面积确定所述负压装置的负压压强：Further, the analysis unit records the average value of the areas of the defect features as the average defect area, and determines the negative pressure intensity of the negative pressure device based on the average defect area:

若所述平均缺陷面积小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第一预设平均缺陷面积，分析单元使用第一压强调节系数将所述负压装置运行过程中的负压压强调节至对应值；If the average defect area is less than or equal to a first preset average defect area set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit uses a first pressure adjustment coefficient to adjust the negative pressure during the operation of the negative pressure device to a corresponding value;

若所述平均缺陷面积大于所述第一预设平均缺陷面积且小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第二预设平均缺陷面积，分析单元使用第二压强调节系数将所述负压装置运行过程中的负压压强调节至对应值；If the average defect area is greater than the first preset average defect area and less than or equal to the second preset average defect area set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit uses the second pressure adjustment coefficient to adjust the negative pressure during the operation of the negative pressure device to a corresponding value;

若所述平均缺陷面积大于所述第二预设平均缺陷面积，所述分析单元使用第三压强调节系数将所述负压装置运行过程中的负压压强调节至对应值。If the average defect area is greater than the second preset average defect area, the analysis unit uses a third pressure adjustment coefficient to adjust the negative pressure during the operation of the negative pressure device to a corresponding value.

与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于，根据完成铸造的产品的检测结果具体确定对应模具的铸造参数，把控铸造精度，根据缺陷特征或轮廓特征快速且准确地判定针对贵金属的铸造是否符合标准，同时在不合格情况下能够准确确定原因，并基于原因完成对铸造工艺的改进，有效节省了人力物力，提高了铸造效率。Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention lie in that the casting parameters of the corresponding mold are specifically determined according to the inspection results of the completed cast products, the casting accuracy is controlled, and whether the casting of precious metals meets the standards is quickly and accurately determined according to the defect characteristics or contour characteristics. At the same time, in the case of unqualified products, the reasons can be accurately determined, and the casting process can be improved based on the reasons, which effectively saves manpower and material resources and improves casting efficiency.

进一步地，分析单元通过图像信息中缺陷特征的总面积和产品在各角度下获取的产品特征的总面积的比值将完成铸造的产品存在缺陷情况进行数据化表征，详细划分各种缺陷情况下的具体操作措施，并在判定针对产品的铸造不符合标准时具体确定针对产品的铸造不符合标准的原因，详细对产品的具体情况进行确定，针对性地对各产品的对应异常原因进行确定，提高了铸造效率。Furthermore, the analysis unit digitally represents the defects of the finished cast products through the ratio of the total area of the defect features in the image information and the total area of the product features obtained at various angles, divides the specific operation measures in detail for various defect situations, and specifically determines the reasons why the casting of the product does not meet the standards when it is determined that the casting of the product does not meet the standards, determines the specific conditions of the products in detail, and determines the corresponding abnormal causes of each product in a targeted manner, thereby improving casting efficiency.

进一步地，在缺陷比值大于第一预设缺陷比值且小于等于第二预设缺陷比值时，结合产品在不同角度下的实际轮廓特征与对应角度下的预设轮廓特征的差异情况确定产品是否存在轮廓异常，在平均重合占比大于预设重合占比时，产品的轮廓并无异常，仅在表面存在不光滑，经过后续处理即可保证铸造质量，在此情况下判定针对产品的铸造符合标准，在平均重合占比小于等于预设重合占比时，产品的轮廓出现异常，在此情况下具体根据缺陷轮廓特征确定针对产品的铸造不符合标准的原因，精准对完成铸造的产品的具体情况进行划分，及时对铸造参数的异常情况进行确定，快速且准确地判定是否合格，进而提高了铸造效率。Furthermore, when the defect ratio is greater than the first preset defect ratio and less than or equal to the second preset defect ratio, the difference between the actual contour features of the product at different angles and the preset contour features at the corresponding angles is combined to determine whether the product has contour abnormalities. When the average overlap ratio is greater than the preset overlap ratio, there is no abnormality in the contour of the product, only the surface is not smooth. The casting quality can be guaranteed through subsequent processing. In this case, it is determined that the casting of the product meets the standards. When the average overlap ratio is less than or equal to the preset overlap ratio, the contour of the product is abnormal. In this case, the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standards is determined based on the defect contour characteristics, the specific conditions of the cast products are accurately divided, the abnormal conditions of the casting parameters are determined in time, and the qualification is quickly and accurately determined, thereby improving the casting efficiency.

进一步地，基于各缺陷轮廓特征确定针对产品的铸造不符合标准的原因，对各缺陷轮廓特征进行划分，将缺陷轮廓特征中与预设轮廓特征相比外凸的区域划分为一类缺陷轮廓特征，将缺陷轮廓特征中与预设轮廓特征相比凹陷的区域划分为一类缺陷轮廓特征，在一类缺陷占比大于预设一类缺陷占比时，因模具密封出现问题导致产品在模具组密封的区域出现外凸，在此情况下对模具组中对应模具间的夹紧力进行调高；在二类缺陷占比大于预设二类缺陷占比时，产品表面出现凹陷，在此情况下产品表面出现缺陷，依据产品在不同角度下缺陷特征的分布情况确定针对产品的铸造不符合标准的原因，根据产品的不同缺陷情况具体确定对应的改善措施，同时在不合格情况下确定对应的原因，提高了铸造效率。Furthermore, based on each defect contour feature, the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standards is determined, and each defect contour feature is divided. The area in the defect contour feature that is convex compared with the preset contour feature is divided into a type of defect contour feature, and the area in the defect contour feature that is concave compared with the preset contour feature is divided into a type of defect contour feature. When the proportion of type one defects is greater than the preset proportion of type one defects, the product bulges in the area sealed by the mold group due to problems with the mold sealing. In this case, the clamping force between the corresponding molds in the mold group is increased; when the proportion of type two defects is greater than the preset proportion of type two defects, the surface of the product is concave. In this case, defects appear on the surface of the product. The reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standards is determined based on the distribution of defect features of the product at different angles, and corresponding improvement measures are specifically determined according to different defect conditions of the product. At the same time, the corresponding cause is determined in the case of unqualified products, thereby improving casting efficiency.

进一步地，基于平均分布距离对缺陷特征的分布情况进行数据化表征，在平均分布距离小于等于第一预设平均分布距离时，各缺陷特征集中分布，在此情况下由于熔炉的浇铸中熔炉的浇铸转速过快导致熔融金属倒入模具的过程中倒得过快从而导致熔融金属在模具中产生涡流，引起气体卷入金属液中，形成集中的气孔缺陷，在此情况下对浇铸转速进行调节，以保证成品的完整性；在平均分布距离大于第二预设平均分布距离时，各缺陷特征分散分布，在此情况下由于负压装置的负压压强过小会导致金属液未能充分填铸模具组，从而导致负压装置内完成冷却后的金属产品出现大量分散缺陷气孔，在此情况下针对负压装置运行过程中的负压压强调高，以提高产品的精度；在平均分布距离大于第一预设平均分布距离且小于等于第二预设平均分布距离时，由于模具温度不均匀或低于标准温度导致熔融金属在冷却过程中的收缩不一致，从而出现随机分布的流纹、气泡、缩孔等缺陷，在此情况下对预加热单元针对模具的加热时长进行调高，以保证模具均匀受热，在保证产品的精度的同时，有效提高了铸造效率。Furthermore, the distribution of defect features is digitally characterized based on the average distribution distance. When the average distribution distance is less than or equal to the first preset average distribution distance, the defect features are concentrated. In this case, the molten metal is poured into the mold too quickly due to the excessively fast casting speed of the furnace during the casting process, which causes the molten metal to generate eddy currents in the mold, causing gas to be drawn into the molten metal, forming concentrated pore defects. In this case, the casting speed is adjusted to ensure the integrity of the finished product. When the average distribution distance is greater than the second preset average distribution distance, the defect features are dispersed. In this case, the negative pressure of the negative pressure device is too small, which causes the molten metal to be The casting mold group was not fully filled, resulting in a large number of scattered defective pores on the metal product after cooling in the negative pressure device. In this case, the negative pressure stress during the operation of the negative pressure device is increased to improve the accuracy of the product; when the average distribution distance is greater than the first preset average distribution distance and less than or equal to the second preset average distribution distance, the mold temperature is uneven or lower than the standard temperature, resulting in inconsistent shrinkage of the molten metal during the cooling process, resulting in randomly distributed flow lines, bubbles, shrinkage holes and other defects. In this case, the heating time of the preheating unit for the mold is increased to ensure that the mold is evenly heated, which effectively improves the casting efficiency while ensuring the accuracy of the product.

附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

图1为本发明实施例基于贵金属工艺品铸造的模块框图；FIG1 is a block diagram of a module based on precious metal handicraft casting according to an embodiment of the present invention;

图2为本发明实施例一种基于贵金属工艺品铸造的控制方法的步骤流程图；FIG2 is a flowchart of a control method for precious metal handicraft casting according to an embodiment of the present invention;

图3本发明实施例分析单元基于缺陷比值判定针对单个产品的铸造是否符合标准的流程图。3 is a flow chart of an analysis unit according to an embodiment of the present invention determining whether the casting of a single product meets the standards based on the defect ratio.

具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION

下面参照附图来描述本发明的优选实施方式。本领域技术人员应当理解的是，这些实施方式仅仅用于解释本发明的技术原理，并非在限制本发明的保护范围。The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

需要说明的是，在本发明的描述中，术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方向或位置关系的术语是基于附图所示的方向或位置关系，这仅仅是为了便于描述，而不是指示或暗示所述装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, terms such as "up", "down", "left", "right", "inside" and "outside" indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. This is merely for the convenience of description and does not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

此外，还需要说明的是，在本发明的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域技术人员而言，可根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In addition, it should be noted that in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

请参阅图1、图2以及图3所示，其分别为本发明实施例基于贵金属工艺品铸造的模块框图、一种基于贵金属工艺品铸造的控制方法的步骤流程图、分析单元基于缺陷比值判定针对单个产品的铸造是否符合标准的流程图；本发明实施例所述基于贵金属工艺品铸造的模块框图，包括：Please refer to FIG. 1, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, which are respectively a module block diagram based on precious metal handicraft casting according to an embodiment of the present invention, a flow chart of steps of a control method based on precious metal handicraft casting, and a flow chart of an analysis unit determining whether the casting of a single product meets the standard based on the defect ratio; the module block diagram based on precious metal handicraft casting according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:

S1，将贵金属输送至熔炉中，启动熔炉以使熔炉将贵金属熔融，熔融后得到熔融金属；S1, transporting the precious metal to the furnace, starting the furnace so that the furnace melts the precious metal, and obtaining molten metal after melting;

S2，使用预加热单元对各模具分别进行预加热并在预加热前确定针对各模具的预加热时长，合并预加热完成的各模具，并将合并为一体的若干模具记为单个模具组，分别确定各模具组中模具间的夹紧力；S2, using a preheating unit to preheat each mold separately and determining the preheating time for each mold before preheating, merging the molds that have been preheated, and recording the molds merged into one as a single mold group, and determining the clamping force between the molds in each mold group separately;

S3，控制所述熔炉以对应的转速旋转以将所述熔融金属依次倒入各所述模具组中，并将装有熔融金属的各所述模具组输送至负压装置内部；S3, controlling the furnace to rotate at a corresponding speed to pour the molten metal into each of the mold sets in sequence, and transporting each of the mold sets containing the molten metal to the interior of the negative pressure device;

S4，使各所述模具组中的熔融金属在所述负压装置内的密闭空间内冷却，同时启动负压装置以对密闭空间进行抽真空处理；S4, cooling the molten metal in each of the mold groups in the closed space in the negative pressure device, and simultaneously starting the negative pressure device to perform vacuum treatment on the closed space;

S5，冷却完成后将制得的产品输送至检测单元，检测单元获取各产品在不同角度的图像信息并基于各图像信息提取产品在不同角度下的轮廓特征和产品在不同角度下的表面的缺陷特征；S5, after cooling, the obtained products are transported to a detection unit, which obtains image information of each product at different angles and extracts contour features of the product at different angles and surface defect features of the product at different angles based on the image information;

S6，将获取的缺陷特征输送至分析单元，分析单元基于所述缺陷特征或所述轮廓特征判定针对贵金属的铸造是否符合标准；S6, transmitting the acquired defect features to an analysis unit, and the analysis unit determines whether the casting of the precious metal meets the standard based on the defect features or the contour features;

S7，在判定针对贵金属的铸造不符合标准的情况下发出重新铸造通知，并在重新铸造前根据产品的边缘轮廓特征或各缺陷特征的分布情况确定不符合标准的原因，根据确定的原因确定重新铸造过程中对应的铸造参数，其中，铸造参数包括预加热时长、夹紧力、浇铸转速和负压压强。S7, when it is determined that the casting of precious metals does not meet the standards, a recasting notice is issued, and before recasting, the reason for non-compliance with the standards is determined based on the edge profile characteristics of the product or the distribution of various defect characteristics, and the corresponding casting parameters in the recasting process are determined based on the determined reasons, wherein the casting parameters include preheating time, clamping force, casting speed and negative pressure.

具体而言，本方案不对预加热单元针对模具的预加热时长和针对模具组中模具间的夹紧力的确定方式进行限定，可根据模具的体积、模具组的总表面积以及模具组中模具间的密封区域的周长综合确定，此为现有技术，不再赘述；Specifically, the present solution does not limit the preheating time of the preheating unit for the mold and the method for determining the clamping force between the molds in the mold group. It can be determined comprehensively based on the volume of the mold, the total surface area of the mold group, and the perimeter of the sealing area between the molds in the mold group. This is the prior art and will not be described in detail.

具体而言，基于贵金属工艺品铸造系统包括，Specifically, the casting system based on precious metal crafts includes:

熔炉，其用以对贵金属加热熔融以得到熔融后的熔融金属；A furnace, which is used to heat and melt the precious metal to obtain molten metal;

模具单元，其包括若干用以对熔融金属定型的模具组，各模具组均包括两个模具；A mold unit, which includes a plurality of mold groups for shaping molten metal, each mold group includes two molds;

预加热单元，其用以分别确定各模具的预加热时长和各模具组中模具间的夹紧力，并对各模具分别进行预加热；A preheating unit, which is used to determine the preheating time of each mold and the clamping force between the molds in each mold group, and preheat each mold separately;

负压装置，其包括用以承载各模具组的密闭空间和用以对密闭空间进行抽真空的真空泵；A negative pressure device, comprising a closed space for carrying each mold set and a vacuum pump for evacuating the closed space;

检测单元，其包括用以获取各产品在不同角度的图像信息的图像检测器，以及基于各图像信息提取产品在不同角度下的轮廓特征和产品在不同角度下的表面的缺陷特征；A detection unit, comprising an image detector for acquiring image information of each product at different angles, and extracting contour features of the product at different angles and surface defect features of the product at different angles based on each image information;

分析单元，分别与所述模具单元、所述预加热单元、所述负压装置和所述检测单元相连，用以基于所述缺陷特征或所述轮廓特征判定针对贵金属的铸造是否符合标准，在判定针对贵金属的铸造不符合标准的情况下发出重新铸造通知，并在重新铸造前根据产品的边缘轮廓特征或各缺陷特征的分布情况确定不符合标准的原因，根据确定的原因确定重新铸造过程中对应的铸造参数，其中，铸造参数包括预加热时长、夹紧力、浇铸转速和负压压强。The analysis unit is respectively connected to the mold unit, the preheating unit, the negative pressure device and the detection unit, and is used to determine whether the casting of the precious metal meets the standards based on the defect characteristics or the contour characteristics, and to issue a recasting notice when it is determined that the casting of the precious metal does not meet the standards, and to determine the reasons for non-compliance with the standards before recasting based on the edge contour characteristics of the product or the distribution of each defect characteristic, and to determine the corresponding casting parameters in the recasting process based on the determined reasons, wherein the casting parameters include preheating time, clamping force, casting speed and negative pressure.

具体而言，所述分析单元在接收到所述检测单元输送的缺陷特征时，对于单个所述产品，分析单元将该产品在各角度下图像信息中缺陷特征的总面积和产品在各角度下获取的产品特征的总面积的比值记为缺陷比值并基于缺陷比值判定针对该产品的铸造是否符合标准，其中：Specifically, when the analysis unit receives the defect features transmitted by the detection unit, for a single product, the analysis unit records the ratio of the total area of the defect features in the image information of the product at each angle to the total area of the product features obtained at each angle as the defect ratio, and determines whether the casting of the product meets the standard based on the defect ratio, wherein:

若所述缺陷比值小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第一预设缺陷比值，分析单元判定针对所述产品的铸造符合标准；If the defect ratio is less than or equal to a first preset defect ratio set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit determines that the casting of the product meets the standard;

若所述缺陷比值大于所述第一预设缺陷比值且小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第二预设缺陷比值，分析单元基于所述检测单元获取的所述产品在不同角度下的轮廓特征判定针对产品的铸造是否符合标准；If the defect ratio is greater than the first preset defect ratio and less than or equal to the second preset defect ratio set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit determines whether the casting of the product meets the standard based on the contour features of the product at different angles obtained by the detection unit;

若所述缺陷比值大于所述第二预设缺陷比值，所述分析单元判定针对所述产品的铸造不符合标准，分析单元基于所述检测单元获取的所述产品在不同角度下缺陷特征的分布情况确定针对产品的铸造不符合标准的原因。If the defect ratio is greater than the second preset defect ratio, the analysis unit determines that the casting of the product does not meet the standards, and the analysis unit determines the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standards based on the distribution of defect characteristics of the product at different angles obtained by the detection unit.

具体而言，第一预设缺陷比值为0.02，第二预设缺陷比值为0.05。Specifically, the first preset defect ratio is 0.02, and the second preset defect ratio is 0.05.

具体而言，分析单元通过图像信息中缺陷特征的总面积和产品在各角度下获取的产品特征的总面积的比值将完成铸造的产品存在缺陷情况进行数据化表征，详细划分各种缺陷情况下的具体操作措施，并在判定针对产品的铸造不符合标准时具体确定针对产品的铸造不符合标准的原因，详细对产品的具体情况进行确定，以针对性地对各产品的对应异常原因进行确定，提高了铸造效率。Specifically, the analysis unit digitally represents the defects of the finished cast products through the ratio of the total area of the defect features in the image information and the total area of the product features obtained at various angles, divides the specific operation measures for various defect situations in detail, and specifically determines the reasons why the casting of the product does not meet the standards when it is determined that the casting of the product does not meet the standards. The specific situation of the product is determined in detail, so as to determine the corresponding abnormal reasons for each product in a targeted manner, thereby improving casting efficiency.

具体而言，所述分析单元基于所述产品在不同角度下的轮廓特征确定针对产品的铸造不符合标准的原因的步骤包括：Specifically, the step of determining, by the analysis unit, the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standards based on the contour features of the product at different angles includes:

获取所述产品在不同角度下的实际轮廓特征，并依次将各实际轮廓与需求产品在对应角度下的预设轮廓特征进行重合比对；Acquire the actual contour features of the product at different angles, and sequentially compare and overlap each actual contour with the preset contour features of the required product at the corresponding angle;

对于单个实际轮廓，分析单元将该实际轮廓与对应的预设轮廓进行叠加处理，并获取叠加后特征中实际轮廓与特征对应的预设轮廓特征中重合轮廓特征的长度，分析单元将该重合轮廓特征的长度与预设轮廓特征总长度的比值记为轮廓重合占比；For a single actual contour, the analysis unit performs superposition processing on the actual contour and the corresponding preset contour, and obtains the length of the overlapping contour feature in the actual contour in the superimposed feature and the preset contour feature corresponding to the feature, and the analysis unit records the ratio of the length of the overlapping contour feature to the total length of the preset contour feature as the contour overlap ratio;

获取与各所述实际轮廓特征对应的轮廓重合占比，计算各轮廓重合占比的平均值，将求得的平均值记为平均重合占比并基于平均重合占比确定针对所述产品的铸造不符合标准的原因；Obtaining the contour overlap ratio corresponding to each of the actual contour features, calculating the average value of each contour overlap ratio, recording the obtained average value as the average overlap ratio, and determining the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standard based on the average overlap ratio;

若所述平均重合占比大于所述分析单元中设置的预设重合占比，分析单元判定针对所述产品的铸造符合标准；If the average overlap ratio is greater than a preset overlap ratio set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit determines that the casting of the product meets the standard;

若所述平均重合占比小于等于所述预设重合占比，所述分析单元判定针对所述产品的铸造不符合标准，分析单元基于所述检测单元获取的所述产品在不同角度下缺陷轮廓特征确定针对产品的铸造不符合标准的原因，其中，缺陷轮廓特征包括各重叠特征中所述实际轮廓特征中与对应的预设轮廓特征不重合的轮廓特征。If the average overlap ratio is less than or equal to the preset overlap ratio, the analysis unit determines that the casting of the product does not meet the standards, and the analysis unit determines the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standards based on the defect contour features of the product at different angles obtained by the detection unit, wherein the defect contour features include contour features in the actual contour features in each overlapping feature that do not overlap with the corresponding preset contour features.

具体而言，预设重合占比为0.98。Specifically, the preset overlap ratio is 0.98.

具体而言，在缺陷比值大于第一预设缺陷比值且小于等于第二预设缺陷比值时，结合产品在不同角度下的实际轮廓特征与对应角度下的预设轮廓特征的差异情况确定产品是否存在轮廓异常，在平均重合占比大于预设重合占比时，产品的轮廓并无异常，仅在表面存在不光滑，经过后续处理即可保证铸造质量，在此情况下判定针对产品的铸造符合标准，在平均重合占比小于等于预设重合占比时，产品的轮廓出现异常，在此情况下具体根据缺陷轮廓特征确定针对产品的铸造不符合标准的原因，精准对完成铸造的产品的具体情况进行划分，及时对铸造参数的异常情况进行确定，快速且准确地判定是否合格，进而提高了铸造效率。Specifically, when the defect ratio is greater than the first preset defect ratio and less than or equal to the second preset defect ratio, the difference between the actual contour features of the product at different angles and the preset contour features at the corresponding angles is combined to determine whether the product has contour abnormalities. When the average overlap ratio is greater than the preset overlap ratio, there is no abnormality in the contour of the product, only the surface is not smooth. The casting quality can be guaranteed after subsequent processing. In this case, it is determined that the casting of the product meets the standards. When the average overlap ratio is less than or equal to the preset overlap ratio, the contour of the product is abnormal. In this case, the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standards is determined based on the defect contour characteristics, the specific conditions of the completed cast products are accurately divided, the abnormal conditions of the casting parameters are determined in time, and the qualification is quickly and accurately determined, thereby improving the casting efficiency.

具体而言，所述分析单元基于各所述缺陷轮廓特征确定针对产品的铸造不符合标准的原因的步骤包括：Specifically, the step of determining the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standard based on each of the defect profile features by the analysis unit includes:

对各所述缺陷轮廓特征进行分类，将位于对应的所述预设轮廓特征外部的缺陷轮廓特征记为一类缺陷轮廓特征，并将位于对应的所述预设轮廓特征内部的缺陷轮廓特征记为二类缺陷轮廓特征；Classifying each of the defect contour features, recording the defect contour features located outside the corresponding preset contour features as a first-class defect contour feature, and recording the defect contour features located inside the corresponding preset contour features as a second-class defect contour feature;

完成对各所述缺陷轮廓特征的分类后，计算一类缺陷占比和二类缺陷占比，其中，一类缺陷占比为记为一类缺陷轮廓特征的数量与缺陷轮廓特征总数的比值，二类缺陷占比为记为二类缺陷轮廓特征的数量与缺陷轮廓特征总数的比值；After completing the classification of each of the defect profile features, the proportion of Class I defects and the proportion of Class II defects are calculated, wherein the proportion of Class I defects is the ratio of the number of Class I defect profile features to the total number of defect profile features, and the proportion of Class II defects is the ratio of the number of Class II defect profile features to the total number of defect profile features;

若所述一类缺陷占比大于所述分析单元中设置的预设一类缺陷占比，分析单元判定针对所述贵金属的铸造不符合标准的原因为所述模具组的密封不符合标准，分析单元基于求得的一类缺陷占比确定各所述模具组中对应模具间的夹紧力；If the proportion of the first type of defects is greater than the preset proportion of the first type of defects set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit determines that the reason why the casting of the precious metal does not meet the standard is that the sealing of the mold set does not meet the standard, and the analysis unit determines the clamping force between the corresponding molds in each mold set based on the obtained proportion of the first type of defects;

若所述二类缺陷占比大于所述分析单元中设置的预设二类缺陷占比且所述一类缺陷占比小于等于所述预设一类缺陷占比，分析单元判定针对所述贵金属的铸造不符合标准，并基于所述检测单元获取的所述产品在不同角度下缺陷特征的分布情况确定针对产品的铸造不符合标准的原因。If the proportion of the second type of defects is greater than the preset proportion of the second type of defects set in the analysis unit and the proportion of the first type of defects is less than or equal to the preset proportion of the first type of defects, the analysis unit determines that the casting of the precious metal does not meet the standards, and determines the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standards based on the distribution of defect characteristics of the product at different angles obtained by the detection unit.

具体而言，预设一类缺陷占比为0.3，预设二类缺陷占比为0.6。Specifically, the preset proportion of Class I defects is 0.3, and the preset proportion of Class II defects is 0.6.

具体而言，基于各缺陷轮廓特征确定针对产品的铸造不符合标准的原因，对各缺陷轮廓特征进行划分，将缺陷轮廓特征中与预设轮廓特征相比外凸的区域划分为一类缺陷轮廓特征，将缺陷轮廓特征中与预设轮廓特征相比凹陷的区域划分为一类缺陷轮廓特征，在一类缺陷占比大于预设一类缺陷占比时，因模具密封出现问题导致产品在模具组密封的区域出现外凸，在此情况下对模具组中对应模具间的夹紧力进行调高；在二类缺陷占比大于预设二类缺陷占比时，产品表面出现凹陷，在此情况下产品表面出现缺陷，依据产品在不同角度下缺陷特征的分布情况确定针对产品的铸造不符合标准的原因，根据产品的不同缺陷情况具体确定对应的改善措施，同时在不合格情况下确定对应的原因，提高了铸造效率。Specifically, based on each defect contour feature, the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standards is determined, and each defect contour feature is divided. The area in the defect contour feature that is convex compared with the preset contour feature is divided into a type of defect contour feature, and the area in the defect contour feature that is concave compared with the preset contour feature is divided into a type of defect contour feature. When the proportion of type one defects is greater than the preset proportion of type one defects, the product bulges in the area sealed by the mold group due to problems with the mold sealing. In this case, the clamping force between the corresponding molds in the mold group is increased; when the proportion of type two defects is greater than the preset proportion of type two defects, the surface of the product is concave. In this case, defects appear on the surface of the product. The reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standards is determined based on the distribution of defect characteristics of the product at different angles, and the corresponding improvement measures are specifically determined according to the different defect conditions of the product. At the same time, the corresponding reasons are determined in the case of unqualified products, thereby improving casting efficiency.

具体而言，所述分析单元将所述一类缺陷占比与所述预设一类缺陷占比的差值记为缺陷占比差值，并基于确定各所述模具组中对应模具间的夹紧力，其中：Specifically, the analysis unit records the difference between the proportion of the first type of defects and the preset proportion of the first type of defects as the defect proportion difference, and determines the clamping force between the corresponding molds in each mold group based on:

若所述缺陷占比差值小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第一预设缺陷占比差值，分析单元使用第一夹紧力调节系数将各所述模具组中对应模具间的夹紧力调节至对应值；If the defect ratio difference is less than or equal to a first preset defect ratio difference set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit uses a first clamping force adjustment coefficient to adjust the clamping force between corresponding molds in each mold group to a corresponding value;

若所述缺陷占比差值大于所述第一预设缺陷占比差值且小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第二预设缺陷占比差值，分析单元使用第二夹紧力调节系数将各所述模具组中对应模具间的夹紧力调节至对应值；If the defect ratio difference is greater than the first preset defect ratio difference and less than or equal to the second preset defect ratio difference set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit uses the second clamping force adjustment coefficient to adjust the clamping force between the corresponding molds in each mold group to a corresponding value;

若所述缺陷占比差值大于所述第二预设缺陷占比差值，所述分析单元使用第三夹紧力调节系数将各所述模具组中对应模具间的夹紧力调节至对应值。If the defect ratio difference is greater than the second preset defect ratio difference, the analysis unit uses a third clamping force adjustment coefficient to adjust the clamping force between corresponding molds in each mold group to a corresponding value.

具体而言，当所述分析单元使用第i夹紧力调节系数αi将各所述模具组中对应模具间的夹紧力调节至对应值时，i=1，2，3，调节后的各所述模具组中对应模具间的夹紧力N’=N×αi，其中，N为各模具组中对应模具间的夹紧力的初始夹紧力。Specifically, when the analysis unit uses the i-th clamping force adjustment coefficient αi to adjust the clamping force between the corresponding molds in each mold group to a corresponding value, i=1, 2, 3, and the adjusted clamping force between the corresponding molds in each mold group is N’=N×αi, where N is the initial clamping force between the corresponding molds in each mold group.

具体而言，第一预设缺陷占比差值为0.2，第一预设缺陷占比差值为0.6，第一夹紧力调节系数为1.15，第二夹紧力调节系数为1.21，第三夹紧力调节系数为1.29。Specifically, the first preset defect ratio difference is 0.2, the first preset defect ratio difference is 0.6, the first clamping force adjustment coefficient is 1.15, the second clamping force adjustment coefficient is 1.21, and the third clamping force adjustment coefficient is 1.29.

具体而言，所述分析单元基于所述检测单元获取的所述缺陷特征的分布情况确定针对所述产品的铸造不符合标准的原因的步骤包括：Specifically, the step of determining, by the analysis unit, the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standards based on the distribution of the defect characteristics acquired by the detection unit includes:

对于单个缺陷特征，所述分析单元获取与该缺陷特征距离最近的相邻缺陷特征，并将该缺陷特征边缘与相邻缺陷特征边缘连线的最小值记为针对该缺陷特征的；For a single defect feature, the analysis unit obtains an adjacent defect feature that is closest to the defect feature, and records the minimum value of a line connecting the edge of the defect feature and the edge of the adjacent defect feature as the defect feature;

获取各所述缺陷特征的相邻距离并计算各相邻距离的平均值，将求得的平均值记为平均分布距离，并基于平均分布距离确定针对所述产品的铸造不符合标准的原因；Obtaining adjacent distances of each of the defect features and calculating an average value of each adjacent distance, recording the obtained average value as the average distribution distance, and determining the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standard based on the average distribution distance;

若所述平均分布距离小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第一预设平均分布距离，所述分析模块确定针对所述产品的铸造不符合标准的原因为所述熔炉的浇铸过程不符合标准，分析单元基于求得的平均分布距离确定熔炉的浇铸转速；If the average distribution distance is less than or equal to a first preset average distribution distance set in the analysis unit, the analysis module determines that the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standard is that the casting process of the furnace does not meet the standard, and the analysis unit determines the casting speed of the furnace based on the obtained average distribution distance;

若所述平均分布距离大于所述第一预设平均分布距离且小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第二预设平均分布距离，分析模块确定针对所述产品的铸造不符合标准的原因为所述预加热单元针对各所述模具的预加热不符合预设标准，分析单元基于求得的所述缺陷比值确定预加热单元针对模具的加热时长；If the average distribution distance is greater than the first preset average distribution distance and less than or equal to the second preset average distribution distance set in the analysis unit, the analysis module determines that the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standard is that the preheating of each mold by the preheating unit does not meet the preset standard, and the analysis unit determines the heating time of the mold by the preheating unit based on the defect ratio obtained;

若所述平均分布距离大于所述第二预设平均分布距离，分析模块确定针对所述产品的铸造不符合标准的原因为所述负压装置的运行参数不符合标准，分析单元基于各所述缺陷特征的面积确定负压装置运行过程中的负压压强。If the average distribution distance is greater than the second preset average distribution distance, the analysis module determines that the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standards is that the operating parameters of the negative pressure device do not meet the standards, and the analysis unit determines the negative pressure intensity during the operation of the negative pressure device based on the area of each of the defect features.

具体而言，第一预设平均分布距离为2.3cm，第二预设平均分布距离为5.2cm。Specifically, the first preset average distribution distance is 2.3 cm, and the second preset average distribution distance is 5.2 cm.

具体而言，基于平均分布距离对缺陷特征的分布情况进行数据化表征，在平均分布距离小于等于第一预设平均分布距离时，各缺陷特征集中分布，在此情况下由于熔炉的浇铸中熔炉的浇铸转速过快导致熔融金属倒入模具的过程中倒得过快从而导致熔融金属在模具中产生涡流，引起气体卷入金属液中，形成集中的气孔缺陷，在此情况下对浇铸转速进行调节，以保证成品的完整性；在平均分布距离大于第二预设平均分布距离时，各缺陷特征分散分布，在此情况下由于负压装置的负压压强过小会导致金属液未能充分填铸模具组，从而导致负压装置内完成冷却后的金属产品出现大量分散缺陷气孔，在此情况下针对负压装置运行过程中的负压压强调高，以提高产品的精度；在平均分布距离大于第一预设平均分布距离且小于等于第二预设平均分布距离时，由于模具温度不均匀或低于标准温度导致熔融金属在冷却过程中的收缩不一致，从而出现随机分布的流纹、气泡、缩孔等缺陷，在此情况下对预加热单元针对模具的加热时长进行调高，以保证模具均匀受热，在保证产品的精度的同时，有效提高了铸造效率。Specifically, the distribution of defect features is digitally characterized based on the average distribution distance. When the average distribution distance is less than or equal to the first preset average distribution distance, the defect features are concentrated. In this case, the casting speed of the furnace is too fast during the casting process, which causes the molten metal to be poured into the mold too fast, resulting in eddy currents in the molten metal in the mold, causing gas to be drawn into the molten metal, forming concentrated pore defects. In this case, the casting speed is adjusted to ensure the integrity of the finished product; when the average distribution distance is greater than the second preset average distribution distance, the defect features are dispersed. In this case, the negative pressure of the negative pressure device is too small, which will cause the molten metal to be The casting mold group was not fully filled, resulting in a large number of scattered defective pores on the metal product after cooling in the negative pressure device. In this case, the negative pressure stress during the operation of the negative pressure device is increased to improve the accuracy of the product; when the average distribution distance is greater than the first preset average distribution distance and less than or equal to the second preset average distribution distance, the mold temperature is uneven or lower than the standard temperature, resulting in inconsistent shrinkage of the molten metal during the cooling process, resulting in randomly distributed flow lines, bubbles, shrinkage holes and other defects. In this case, the heating time of the preheating unit for the mold is increased to ensure that the mold is evenly heated, which effectively improves the casting efficiency while ensuring the accuracy of the product.

具体而言，所述分析单元将所述第一预设平均分布距离与所述平均分布距离的差值记为分布距离差值，并基于分布距离差值确定所述熔炉的浇铸转速：Specifically, the analysis unit records the difference between the first preset average distribution distance and the average distribution distance as the distribution distance difference, and determines the casting speed of the furnace based on the distribution distance difference:

若所述分布距离差值小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第一预设分布距离差值，分析单元使用第一转速调节系数将所述熔炉的浇铸转速调节至对应值；If the distribution distance difference is less than or equal to a first preset distribution distance difference set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit uses a first speed adjustment coefficient to adjust the casting speed of the furnace to a corresponding value;

若所述分布距离差值大于所述第一预设分布距离差值且小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第二预设分布距离差值，分析单元使用第二转速调节系数将所述熔炉的浇铸转速调节至对应值；If the distribution distance difference is greater than the first preset distribution distance difference and less than or equal to the second preset distribution distance difference set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit uses the second speed adjustment coefficient to adjust the casting speed of the furnace to a corresponding value;

若所述分布距离差值大于所述第二预设分布距离差值，所述分析单元使用第三转速调节系数将所述熔炉的浇铸转速调节至对应值。If the distribution distance difference is greater than the second preset distribution distance difference, the analysis unit uses a third speed adjustment coefficient to adjust the casting speed of the furnace to a corresponding value.

具体而言，第一预设分布距离差值为0.8cm，第二预设分布距离差值为1.6cm，第一转速调节系数为0.7，第二转速调节系数为0.8，第三转速调节系数为0.9。Specifically, the first preset distribution distance difference is 0.8 cm, the second preset distribution distance difference is 1.6 cm, the first speed adjustment coefficient is 0.7, the second speed adjustment coefficient is 0.8, and the third speed adjustment coefficient is 0.9.

具体而言，当所述分析单元判定使用第j转速调节系数βj将熔炉的浇铸转速调节至对应值时，j=1，2，3，调节后的熔炉的浇铸转速V’=V×βj，其中，V为熔炉的初始浇铸转速。Specifically, when the analysis unit determines to use the jth speed adjustment coefficient βj to adjust the casting speed of the furnace to the corresponding value, j=1, 2, 3, the adjusted casting speed of the furnace V'=V×βj, where V is the initial casting speed of the furnace.

具体而言，所述分析单元将所述缺陷比值与所述第二预设缺陷比值的差值的绝对值记为缺陷比值差值，并基于缺陷比值差值确定所述预加热单元针对各所述模具的加热时长：Specifically, the analysis unit records the absolute value of the difference between the defect ratio and the second preset defect ratio as the defect ratio difference, and determines the heating time of the preheating unit for each of the molds based on the defect ratio difference:

若所述缺陷比值差值小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第一预设缺陷比值差值，分析单元使用第一时长调节系数将所述预加热单元针对各所述模具的加热时长调节至对应值；If the defect ratio difference is less than or equal to a first preset defect ratio difference set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit uses a first duration adjustment coefficient to adjust the heating duration of the preheating unit for each of the molds to a corresponding value;

若所述缺陷比值差值大于所述第一预设缺陷比值差值且小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第二预设缺陷比值差值，分析单元使用第二时长调节系数将所述预加热单元针对各所述模具的加热时长调节至对应值；If the defect ratio difference is greater than the first preset defect ratio difference and less than or equal to the second preset defect ratio difference set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit uses the second duration adjustment coefficient to adjust the heating duration of the preheating unit for each of the molds to a corresponding value;

若所述缺陷比值差值大于所述第二预设缺陷比值差值，所述分析单元使用第三时长调节系数将所述预加热单元针对各所述模具的加热时长调节至对应值。If the defect ratio difference is greater than the second preset defect ratio difference, the analysis unit uses a third duration adjustment coefficient to adjust the heating duration of the preheating unit for each of the molds to a corresponding value.

具体而言，第一预设缺陷比值差值为0.17，第二预设缺陷比值差值为0.23，第一时长调节系数为1.11，第二时长调节系数为1.22，第三时长调节系数为1.32。Specifically, the first preset defect ratio difference is 0.17, the second preset defect ratio difference is 0.23, the first duration adjustment coefficient is 1.11, the second duration adjustment coefficient is 1.22, and the third duration adjustment coefficient is 1.32.

具体而言，当所述分析单元使用第k时长调节系数γk将针对各所述模具的加热时长调节至对应值时，k=1，2，3，调节后的针对各模具的加热时长T’=T×γk，其中，T为预加热单元针对各模具的初始加热时长。Specifically, when the analysis unit uses the kth time adjustment coefficient γk to adjust the heating time for each mold to a corresponding value, k=1, 2, 3, and the adjusted heating time for each mold is T’=T×γk, where T is the initial heating time of the preheating unit for each mold.

具体而言，所述分析单元将各所述缺陷特征的面积的平均值记为平均缺陷面积，并基于平均缺陷面积确定所述负压装置的负压压强：Specifically, the analysis unit records the average value of the areas of the defect features as the average defect area, and determines the negative pressure intensity of the negative pressure device based on the average defect area:

若所述平均缺陷面积小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第一预设平均缺陷面积，分析单元使用第一压强调节系数将所述负压装置运行过程中的负压压强调节至对应值；If the average defect area is less than or equal to a first preset average defect area set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit uses a first pressure adjustment coefficient to adjust the negative pressure during the operation of the negative pressure device to a corresponding value;

若所述平均缺陷面积大于所述第一预设平均缺陷面积且小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第二预设平均缺陷面积，分析单元使用第二压强调节系数将所述负压装置运行过程中的负压压强调节至对应值；If the average defect area is greater than the first preset average defect area and less than or equal to the second preset average defect area set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit uses the second pressure adjustment coefficient to adjust the negative pressure during the operation of the negative pressure device to a corresponding value;

若所述平均缺陷面积大于所述第二预设平均缺陷面积，所述分析单元使用第三压强调节系数将所述负压装置运行过程中的负压压强调节至对应值。If the average defect area is greater than the second preset average defect area, the analysis unit uses a third pressure adjustment coefficient to adjust the negative pressure during the operation of the negative pressure device to a corresponding value.

具体而言，第一预设平均缺陷面积为0.04cm2，第二预设平均缺陷面积为0.25cm2，第一压强调节系数为1.11，第二压强调节系数为1.19，第三压强调节系数为1.27。Specifically, the first preset average defect area is 0.04 cm 2 , the second preset average defect area is 0.25 cm 2 , the first pressure regulation coefficient is 1.11, the second pressure regulation coefficient is 1.19, and the third pressure regulation coefficient is 1.27.

具体而言，当所述分析单元使用第e时长调节系数γe将针对各所述模具的加热时长调节至对应值时，e=1，2，3，调节后的针对各模具的加热时长T’=T×γe，其中，T为预加热单元针对各模具的初始加热时长。Specifically, when the analysis unit uses the e-th time adjustment coefficient γe to adjust the heating time for each mold to a corresponding value, e=1, 2, 3, and the adjusted heating time for each mold is T’=T×γe, where T is the initial heating time of the preheating unit for each mold.

为了使本发明的目的和优点更加清楚明白，下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述；应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the objects and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

需要指出的是，在本实施例中的数据均为通过本发明所述方法在进行本次检测前三个月的历史检测数据以及对应的历史检测结果中综合分析评定得出。本发明所述方法在本次检测前根据前三个月中累计检测的35490个产品及与各产品对应的图像信息、各产品的缺陷特征和判定结果综合确定针对本次检测的各项预设参数标准的数值。本领域的技术人员可以理解的是，本发明所述方法针对单项上述参数的确定方式可以为根据数据分布选取占比最高的数值作为预设标准参数、使用加权求和以将求得的数值作为预设标准参数、将各历史数据代入至特定公式并将利用该公式求得的数值作为预设标准参数或其他选取方式，只要满足本发明所述方法能够通过获取的数值明确界定单项判定过程中的不同特定情况即可。It should be pointed out that the data in this embodiment are obtained by comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the historical detection data and the corresponding historical detection results of the three months before this detection by the method described in the present invention. Before this detection, the method described in the present invention comprehensively determines the values of the preset parameter standards for this detection based on the 35,490 products detected cumulatively in the first three months and the image information corresponding to each product, the defect characteristics of each product and the judgment results. It can be understood by those skilled in the art that the method described in the present invention can determine the single parameter mentioned above by selecting the value with the highest proportion as the preset standard parameter according to the data distribution, using weighted summation to use the obtained value as the preset standard parameter, substituting each historical data into a specific formula and using the value obtained by the formula as the preset standard parameter or other selection methods, as long as the method described in the present invention can clearly define the different specific situations in the single judgment process through the obtained values.

实施例1Example 1

将贵金属输送至熔炉中，启动熔炉以使熔炉将贵金属熔融，熔融后得到熔融金属；预加热单元确定单个模具组的预加热时长为25min，各模具组中模具间的夹紧力为0.3t，使用预加热单元对各模具分别进行预加热，合并预加热完成的各模具，控制熔炉以12RPM的转速旋转以将熔融金属倒入至模具组中，并将装有熔融金属的模具组输送至负压装置内部，使模具组中的熔融金属在所述负压装置内的密闭空间内冷却，同时启动负压装置以-45kPa的负压压强对密闭空间进行抽真空处理；冷却完成后将制得的产品输送至检测单元，检测单元获取各产品在不同角度的图像信息并对各图像信息中的各缺陷特征进行标定，分析单元计算该产品在各角度下图像信息中缺陷特征的总面积和产品在各角度下获取的产品特征的总面积的缺陷比值为0.032，大于第一预设缺陷比值0.02且小于等于第二预设缺陷比值0.05，分析单元获取单个产品在不同角度下的实际轮廓特征，并依次将各实际轮廓与需求产品在对应角度下的预设轮廓特征进行重合比对，分析单元依次获取各轮廓重合占比分别为1、0.98、0.92和1，计算求得各轮廓重合占比的平均重合占比为0.975，小于等于预设重合占比0.98，分析单元对各缺陷轮廓特征进行分类，确定为存在一个一类缺陷轮廓特征和三个二类缺陷轮廓特征，分别计算一类缺陷占比为0.25，二类缺陷占比为0.75，二类缺陷占比0.75大于预设二类缺陷占比0.6且一类缺陷占比0.25小于等于预设一类缺陷占比0.3；The precious metal is transported to the furnace, and the furnace is started to melt the precious metal to obtain molten metal after melting; the preheating unit determines that the preheating time of a single mold group is 25 minutes, the clamping force between the molds in each mold group is 0.3t, and the preheating unit is used to preheat each mold separately, and the molds that have completed preheating are combined, and the furnace is controlled to rotate at a speed of 12RPM to pour the molten metal into the mold group, and the mold group containing the molten metal is transported to the inside of the negative pressure device, so that the molten metal in the mold group is cooled in the closed space in the negative pressure device, and the negative pressure device is started at the same time to vacuum the closed space with a negative pressure of -45kPa; after cooling, the obtained product is transported to the detection unit, the detection unit obtains the image information of each product at different angles and calibrates each defect feature in each image information, and the analysis unit calculates the total area of the defect features in the image information of the product at each angle and the total area of the defect features in the image information of the product at each angle The defect ratio of the total area of the product features obtained at the angle is 0.032, which is greater than the first preset defect ratio of 0.02 and less than or equal to the second preset defect ratio of 0.05. The analysis unit obtains the actual contour features of a single product at different angles, and compares the overlap of each actual contour with the preset contour features of the required product at the corresponding angle in turn. The analysis unit obtains the overlap ratios of each contour in turn, which are 1, 0.98, 0.92 and 1 respectively, and calculates the average overlap ratio of each contour overlap ratio to be 0.975, which is less than or equal to the preset overlap ratio of 0.98. The analysis unit classifies each defect contour feature and determines that there is one Class I defect contour feature and three Class II defect contour features. The Class I defect ratio is 0.25 and the Class II defect ratio is 0.75, respectively. The Class II defect ratio of 0.75 is greater than the preset Class II defect ratio of 0.6 and the Class I defect ratio of 0.25 is less than or equal to the preset Class I defect ratio of 0.3;

对于单个缺陷特征，分析单元获取与该缺陷特征距离最近的相邻缺陷特征，并获取该缺陷特征边缘与相邻缺陷特征边缘连线的最小值，得到相邻距离，分析单元依次获取各相邻距离为0.13cm，0.2cm，0.1cm和2cm，计算各相邻距离的平均分布距离为0.608cm，小于等于第一预设平均分布距离2.3cm，分析单元计算第一预设平均分布距离2.3cm与平均分布距离0.608cm的分布距离差值为1.692cm，大于第二预设分布距离差值1.6cm，分析单元使用第三转速调节系数0.9将熔炉的浇铸转速12RPM调节至10.8RPM。For a single defect feature, the analysis unit obtains the adjacent defect feature that is closest to the defect feature, and obtains the minimum value of the line connecting the edge of the defect feature and the edge of the adjacent defect feature to obtain the adjacent distance. The analysis unit obtains the adjacent distances of 0.13 cm, 0.2 cm, 0.1 cm and 2 cm in turn, and calculates the average distribution distance of each adjacent distance to be 0.608 cm, which is less than or equal to the first preset average distribution distance of 2.3 cm. The analysis unit calculates the distribution distance difference between the first preset average distribution distance of 2.3 cm and the average distribution distance of 0.608 cm to be 1.692 cm, which is greater than the second preset distribution distance difference of 1.6 cm. The analysis unit uses the third speed adjustment coefficient of 0.9 to adjust the casting speed of the furnace from 12 RPM to 10.8 RPM.

分析单元控制熔炉、模具单元、预加热单元和负压装置以调节后的铸造参数重新对产品进行铸造，并控制检测单元获取各产品在不同角度的图像信息，并对各图像信息中的各缺陷特征进行标定，分析单元计算该产品在各角度下图像信息中缺陷特征的总面积和产品在各角度下获取的产品特征的总面积的缺陷比值为0.001，小于等于第一预设缺陷比值0.02，分析单元判定针对所述产品的铸造符合标准，并控制各单元持续使用当前的铸造参数对该模具组对应的重金属进行铸造。The analysis unit controls the furnace, the mold unit, the preheating unit and the negative pressure device to re-cast the product with the adjusted casting parameters, and controls the detection unit to obtain image information of each product at different angles, and calibrates each defect feature in each image information. The analysis unit calculates that the defect ratio of the total area of the defect features in the image information of the product at each angle and the total area of the product features obtained at each angle is 0.001, which is less than or equal to the first preset defect ratio of 0.02. The analysis unit determines that the casting of the product meets the standards, and controls each unit to continue to use the current casting parameters to cast the heavy metal corresponding to the mold group.

实施例2Example 2

将贵金属输送至熔炉中，启动熔炉以使熔炉将贵金属熔融，熔融后得到熔融金属；预加热单元确定单个模具组的预加热时长为28min，各模具组中模具间的夹紧力为0.5t，使用预加热单元对各模具分别进行预加热，合并预加热完成的各模具，控制熔炉以10RPM的转速旋转以将熔融金属倒入至模具组中，并将装有熔融金属的模具组输送至负压装置内部，使模具组中的熔融金属在所述负压装置内的密闭空间内冷却，同时启动负压装置以-50kPa的负压压强对密闭空间进行抽真空处理；冷却完成后将制得的产品输送至检测单元，检测单元获取各产品在不同角度的图像信息并对各图像信息中的各缺陷特征进行标定，分析单元计算该产品在各角度下图像信息中缺陷特征的总面积和产品在各角度下获取的产品特征的总面积的缺陷比值为0.072，大于第二预设缺陷比值0.05，分析单元依次获取各缺陷特征间相邻距离为1cm，5cm，3cm、2cm、2cm和7cm，求得平均分布距离为3.333，大于第一预设平均分布距离2.3cm且小于等于第二预设平均分布距离5.2cm，分析单元计算缺陷比值0.072与第二预设缺陷比值0.05的缺陷比值差值为0.022，小于等于第一预设缺陷比值差值0.17，分析单元使用第一时长调节系数1.11将所述预加热单元模具的加热时长28min调节至31.08min。The precious metal is transported to the furnace, and the furnace is started to melt the precious metal, and molten metal is obtained after melting; the preheating unit determines that the preheating time of a single mold group is 28 minutes, and the clamping force between the molds in each mold group is 0.5t. The preheating unit is used to preheat each mold separately, and the molds that have been preheated are combined. The furnace is controlled to rotate at a speed of 10RPM to pour the molten metal into the mold group, and the mold group containing the molten metal is transported to the inside of the negative pressure device, so that the molten metal in the mold group is cooled in the closed space in the negative pressure device, and the negative pressure device is started at the same time to vacuum the closed space with a negative pressure of -50kPa; after cooling, the obtained product is transported to the detection unit, and the detection unit obtains image information of each product at different angles and calibrates each defect feature in each image information, and classifies The analysis unit calculates the defect ratio of the total area of defect features in the image information of the product at various angles and the total area of product features obtained at various angles as 0.072, which is greater than the second preset defect ratio of 0.05. The analysis unit successively obtains the adjacent distances between the defect features as 1 cm, 5 cm, 3 cm, 2 cm, 2 cm and 7 cm, and obtains the average distribution distance as 3.333, which is greater than the first preset average distribution distance of 2.3 cm and less than or equal to the second preset average distribution distance of 5.2 cm. The analysis unit calculates the defect ratio difference between the defect ratio of 0.072 and the second preset defect ratio of 0.05 as 0.022, which is less than or equal to the first preset defect ratio difference of 0.17. The analysis unit uses the first time adjustment coefficient 1.11 to adjust the heating time of the preheating unit mold from 28 min to 31.08 min.

分析单元控制熔炉、模具单元、预加热单元和负压装置以调节后的铸造参数重新对产品进行铸造，并控制检测单元获取各产品在不同角度的图像信息，并对各图像信息中的各缺陷特征进行标定，分析单元计算该产品在各角度下图像信息中缺陷特征的总面积和产品在各角度下获取的产品特征的总面积的缺陷比值为0.0012，小于等于第一预设缺陷比值0.02，分析单元判定针对所述产品的铸造符合标准，并控制各单元持续使用当前的铸造参数对该模具组对应的重金属进行铸造。The analysis unit controls the furnace, the mold unit, the preheating unit and the negative pressure device to re-cast the product with the adjusted casting parameters, and controls the detection unit to obtain image information of each product at different angles, and calibrates each defect feature in each image information. The analysis unit calculates the defect ratio of the total area of the defect features in the image information of the product at each angle and the total area of the product features obtained at each angle, which is 0.0012, less than or equal to the first preset defect ratio of 0.02. The analysis unit determines that the casting of the product meets the standards, and controls each unit to continue to use the current casting parameters to cast the heavy metal corresponding to the mold group.

至此，已经结合附图所示的优选实施方式描述了本发明的技术方案，但是，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，本发明的保护范围显然不局限于这些具体实施方式。在不偏离本发明的原理的前提下，本领域技术人员可以对相关技术特征做出等同的更改或替换，这些更改或替换之后的技术方案都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the protection scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principle of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例，并不用于限制本发明；对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1.一种基于贵金属工艺品铸造的控制方法，其特征在于，包括：1. A control method based on precious metal craft casting, characterized by comprising: 将贵金属输送至熔炉中，启动熔炉以使熔炉将贵金属熔融，熔融后得到熔融金属；The precious metal is transported to the furnace, and the furnace is started so that the furnace melts the precious metal to obtain molten metal; 使用预加热单元对各模具分别进行预加热并在预加热前确定针对各模具的预加热时长，合并预加热完成的各模具，并将合并为一体的若干模具记为单个模具组，分别确定各模具组中模具间的夹紧力；Using a preheating unit to preheat each mold separately and determining the preheating time for each mold before preheating, merging the molds that have been preheated, and recording the molds merged into one as a single mold group, and determining the clamping force between the molds in each mold group separately; 控制所述熔炉以对应的转速旋转以将所述熔融金属依次倒入至各所述模具组中，并将装有熔融金属的各所述模具组输送至负压装置内部；Controlling the furnace to rotate at a corresponding speed to pour the molten metal into each of the mold sets in sequence, and conveying each of the mold sets containing the molten metal into the interior of the negative pressure device; 使各所述模具组中的熔融金属在所述负压装置内的密闭空间内冷却，同时启动负压装置以对密闭空间进行抽真空处理；Allowing the molten metal in each of the mold groups to cool in the enclosed space in the negative pressure device, while starting the negative pressure device to evacuate the enclosed space; 冷却完成后将制得的产品输送至检测单元，检测单元获取各产品在不同角度的图像信息并基于各图像信息提取产品在不同角度下的轮廓特征和产品在不同角度下的表面的缺陷特征；After cooling, the prepared products are transported to the inspection unit, which obtains image information of each product at different angles and extracts contour features of the product at different angles and surface defect features of the product at different angles based on the image information; 将获取的缺陷特征输送至分析单元，分析单元基于所述缺陷特征或所述轮廓特征判定针对贵金属的铸造是否符合标准；The acquired defect features are transmitted to an analysis unit, and the analysis unit determines whether the casting of the precious metal meets the standards based on the defect features or the contour features; 在判定针对贵金属的铸造不符合标准的情况下发出重新铸造通知，并在重新铸造前根据产品的边缘轮廓特征或各缺陷特征的分布情况确定不符合标准的原因，根据确定的原因确定重新铸造过程中对应的铸造参数，其中，铸造参数包括预加热时长、夹紧力、浇铸转速和负压压强。When it is determined that the casting of precious metals does not meet the standards, a recasting notice will be issued, and before recasting, the reason for non-compliance with the standards will be determined based on the edge profile characteristics of the product or the distribution of various defect characteristics. The corresponding casting parameters in the recasting process will be determined based on the determined reasons, where the casting parameters include preheating time, clamping force, casting speed and negative pressure. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于贵金属工艺品铸造的控制方法，其特征在于，所述分析单元在接收到所述检测单元输送的缺陷特征时，对于单个所述产品，分析单元将该产品在各角度下图像信息中缺陷特征的总面积和产品在各角度下获取的产品特征的总面积的比值记为缺陷比值并基于缺陷比值判定针对该产品的铸造是否符合标准，其中：2. A control method based on the casting of precious metal handicrafts according to claim 1, characterized in that when the analysis unit receives the defect features transmitted by the detection unit, for a single product, the analysis unit records the ratio of the total area of the defect features in the image information of the product at each angle to the total area of the product features obtained at each angle as the defect ratio and determines whether the casting of the product meets the standard based on the defect ratio, wherein: 若所述缺陷比值小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第一预设缺陷比值，分析单元判定针对所述产品的铸造符合标准；If the defect ratio is less than or equal to a first preset defect ratio set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit determines that the casting of the product meets the standard; 若所述缺陷比值大于所述第一预设缺陷比值且小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第二预设缺陷比值，分析单元基于所述检测单元获取的所述产品在不同角度下的轮廓特征判定针对产品的铸造是否符合标准；If the defect ratio is greater than the first preset defect ratio and less than or equal to the second preset defect ratio set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit determines whether the casting of the product meets the standard based on the contour features of the product at different angles obtained by the detection unit; 若所述缺陷比值大于所述第二预设缺陷比值，所述分析单元判定针对所述产品的铸造不符合标准，分析单元基于所述检测单元获取的所述产品在不同角度下缺陷特征的分布情况确定针对产品的铸造不符合标准的原因。If the defect ratio is greater than the second preset defect ratio, the analysis unit determines that the casting of the product does not meet the standards, and the analysis unit determines the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standards based on the distribution of defect characteristics of the product at different angles obtained by the detection unit. 3.根据权利要求2所述的一种基于贵金属工艺品铸造的控制方法，其特征在于，所述分析单元基于所述产品在不同角度下的轮廓特征确定针对产品的铸造不符合标准的原因的步骤包括：3. A control method based on precious metal craft casting according to claim 2, characterized in that the step of the analysis unit determining the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standard based on the contour features of the product at different angles comprises: 获取所述产品在不同角度下的实际轮廓特征，并依次将各实际轮廓与需求产品在对应角度下的预设轮廓特征进行重合比对；Acquire the actual contour features of the product at different angles, and sequentially compare and overlap each actual contour with the preset contour features of the required product at the corresponding angle; 对于单个实际轮廓，分析单元将该实际轮廓与对应的预设轮廓进行叠加处理，并获取叠加后特征中实际轮廓与特征对应的预设轮廓特征中重合轮廓特征的长度，分析单元将该重合轮廓特征的长度与预设轮廓特征总长度的比值记为轮廓重合占比；For a single actual contour, the analysis unit performs superposition processing on the actual contour and the corresponding preset contour, and obtains the length of the overlapping contour feature in the actual contour in the superimposed feature and the preset contour feature corresponding to the feature, and the analysis unit records the ratio of the length of the overlapping contour feature to the total length of the preset contour feature as the contour overlap ratio; 获取与各所述实际轮廓特征对应的轮廓重合占比，计算各轮廓重合占比的平均值，将求得的平均值记为平均重合占比并基于平均重合占比确定针对所述产品的铸造不符合标准的原因；Obtaining the contour overlap ratio corresponding to each of the actual contour features, calculating the average value of each contour overlap ratio, recording the obtained average value as the average overlap ratio, and determining the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standard based on the average overlap ratio; 若所述平均重合占比大于所述分析单元中设置的预设重合占比，分析单元判定针对所述产品的铸造符合标准；If the average overlap ratio is greater than a preset overlap ratio set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit determines that the casting of the product meets the standard; 若所述平均重合占比小于等于所述预设重合占比，所述分析单元判定针对所述产品的铸造不符合标准，分析单元基于所述检测单元获取的所述产品在不同角度下缺陷轮廓特征确定针对产品的铸造不符合标准的原因，其中，缺陷轮廓特征包括各重叠特征中所述实际轮廓特征中与对应的预设轮廓特征不重合的轮廓特征。If the average overlap ratio is less than or equal to the preset overlap ratio, the analysis unit determines that the casting of the product does not meet the standards, and the analysis unit determines the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standards based on the defect contour features of the product at different angles obtained by the detection unit, wherein the defect contour features include contour features in the actual contour features in each overlapping feature that do not overlap with the corresponding preset contour features. 4.根据权利要求3所述的一种基于贵金属工艺品铸造的控制方法，其特征在于，所述分析单元基于各所述缺陷轮廓特征确定针对产品的铸造不符合标准的原因的步骤包括：4. A control method based on precious metal craft casting according to claim 3, characterized in that the step of the analysis unit determining the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standard based on each of the defect profile features comprises: 对各所述缺陷轮廓特征进行分类，将位于对应的所述预设轮廓特征外部的缺陷轮廓特征记为一类缺陷轮廓特征，并将位于对应的所述预设轮廓特征内部的缺陷轮廓特征记为二类缺陷轮廓特征；Classifying each of the defect contour features, recording the defect contour features located outside the corresponding preset contour features as a first-class defect contour feature, and recording the defect contour features located inside the corresponding preset contour features as a second-class defect contour feature; 完成对各所述缺陷轮廓特征的分类后，计算一类缺陷占比和二类缺陷占比，其中，一类缺陷占比为记为一类缺陷轮廓特征的数量与缺陷轮廓特征总数的比值，二类缺陷占比为记为二类缺陷轮廓特征的数量与缺陷轮廓特征总数的比值；After completing the classification of each of the defect profile features, the proportion of Class I defects and the proportion of Class II defects are calculated, wherein the proportion of Class I defects is the ratio of the number of Class I defect profile features to the total number of defect profile features, and the proportion of Class II defects is the ratio of the number of Class II defect profile features to the total number of defect profile features; 若所述一类缺陷占比大于所述分析单元中设置的预设一类缺陷占比，分析单元判定针对所述贵金属的铸造不符合标准的原因为所述模具组的密封不符合标准，分析单元基于求得的一类缺陷占比确定各所述模具组中对应模具间的夹紧力；If the proportion of the first type of defects is greater than the preset proportion of the first type of defects set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit determines that the reason why the casting of the precious metal does not meet the standard is that the sealing of the mold set does not meet the standard, and the analysis unit determines the clamping force between the corresponding molds in each mold set based on the obtained proportion of the first type of defects; 若所述二类缺陷占比大于所述分析单元中设置的预设二类缺陷占比且所述一类缺陷占比小于等于所述预设一类缺陷占比，分析单元判定针对所述贵金属的铸造不符合标准，并基于所述检测单元获取的所述产品在不同角度下缺陷特征的分布情况确定针对产品的铸造不符合标准的原因。If the proportion of the second type of defects is greater than the preset proportion of the second type of defects set in the analysis unit and the proportion of the first type of defects is less than or equal to the preset proportion of the first type of defects, the analysis unit determines that the casting of the precious metal does not meet the standards, and determines the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standards based on the distribution of defect characteristics of the product at different angles obtained by the detection unit. 5.根据权利要求4所述的一种基于贵金属工艺品铸造的控制方法，其特征在于，所述分析单元将所述一类缺陷占比与所述预设一类缺陷占比的差值记为缺陷占比差值，并基于确定各所述模具组中对应模具间的夹紧力，其中：5. A control method based on precious metal craft casting according to claim 4, characterized in that the analysis unit records the difference between the proportion of the first type of defects and the preset proportion of the first type of defects as the defect proportion difference, and determines the clamping force between the corresponding molds in each mold group based on: 若所述缺陷占比差值小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第一预设缺陷占比差值，分析单元使用第一夹紧力调节系数将各所述模具组中对应模具间的夹紧力调节至对应值；If the defect ratio difference is less than or equal to a first preset defect ratio difference set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit uses a first clamping force adjustment coefficient to adjust the clamping force between corresponding molds in each mold group to a corresponding value; 若所述缺陷占比差值大于所述第一预设缺陷占比差值且小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第二预设缺陷占比差值，分析单元使用第二夹紧力调节系数将各所述模具组中对应模具间的夹紧力调节至对应值；If the defect ratio difference is greater than the first preset defect ratio difference and less than or equal to the second preset defect ratio difference set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit uses the second clamping force adjustment coefficient to adjust the clamping force between the corresponding molds in each mold group to a corresponding value; 若所述缺陷占比差值大于所述第二预设缺陷占比差值，所述分析单元使用第三夹紧力调节系数将各所述模具组中对应模具间的夹紧力调节至对应值。If the defect ratio difference is greater than the second preset defect ratio difference, the analysis unit uses a third clamping force adjustment coefficient to adjust the clamping force between corresponding molds in each mold group to a corresponding value. 6.根据权利要求4所述的一种基于贵金属工艺品铸造的控制方法，其特征在于，所述分析单元基于所述检测单元获取的所述缺陷特征的分布情况确定针对所述产品的铸造不符合标准的原因的步骤包括：6. A control method based on precious metal craft casting according to claim 4, characterized in that the step of the analysis unit determining the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standard based on the distribution of the defect characteristics obtained by the detection unit comprises: 对于单个缺陷特征，所述分析单元获取与该缺陷特征距离最近的相邻缺陷特征，并将该缺陷特征边缘与相邻缺陷特征边缘连线的最小值记为针对该缺陷特征的相邻距离；For a single defect feature, the analysis unit obtains an adjacent defect feature that is closest to the defect feature, and records the minimum value of a line connecting an edge of the defect feature and an edge of an adjacent defect feature as an adjacent distance for the defect feature; 获取各所述缺陷特征的相邻距离并计算各相邻距离的平均值，将求得的平均值记为平均分布距离，并基于平均分布距离确定针对所述产品的铸造不符合标准的原因；Obtaining adjacent distances of each of the defect features and calculating an average value of each adjacent distance, recording the obtained average value as the average distribution distance, and determining the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standard based on the average distribution distance; 若所述平均分布距离小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第一预设平均分布距离，所述分析模块确定针对所述产品的铸造不符合标准的原因为所述熔炉的浇铸过程不符合标准，分析单元基于求得的平均分布距离确定熔炉的浇铸转速；If the average distribution distance is less than or equal to a first preset average distribution distance set in the analysis unit, the analysis module determines that the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standard is that the casting process of the furnace does not meet the standard, and the analysis unit determines the casting speed of the furnace based on the obtained average distribution distance; 若所述平均分布距离大于所述第一预设平均分布距离且小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第二预设平均分布距离，分析模块确定针对所述产品的铸造不符合标准的原因为所述预加热单元针对各所述模具的预加热不符合预设标准，分析单元基于求得的所述缺陷比值确定预加热单元针对模具的加热时长；If the average distribution distance is greater than the first preset average distribution distance and less than or equal to the second preset average distribution distance set in the analysis unit, the analysis module determines that the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standard is that the preheating of each mold by the preheating unit does not meet the preset standard, and the analysis unit determines the heating time of the mold by the preheating unit based on the defect ratio obtained; 若所述平均分布距离大于所述第二预设平均分布距离，分析模块确定针对所述产品的铸造不符合标准的原因为所述负压装置的运行参数不符合标准，分析单元基于各所述缺陷特征的面积确定负压装置运行过程中的负压压强。If the average distribution distance is greater than the second preset average distribution distance, the analysis module determines that the reason why the casting of the product does not meet the standards is that the operating parameters of the negative pressure device do not meet the standards, and the analysis unit determines the negative pressure intensity during the operation of the negative pressure device based on the area of each of the defect features. 7.根据权利要求6所述的一种基于贵金属工艺品铸造的控制方法，其特征在于，所述分析单元将所述第一预设平均分布距离与所述平均分布距离的差值记为分布距离差值，并基于分布距离差值确定所述熔炉的浇铸转速：7. A control method based on precious metal craft casting according to claim 6, characterized in that the analysis unit records the difference between the first preset average distribution distance and the average distribution distance as the distribution distance difference, and determines the casting speed of the furnace based on the distribution distance difference: 若所述分布距离差值小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第一预设分布距离差值，分析单元使用第一转速调节系数将所述熔炉的浇铸转速调节至对应值；If the distribution distance difference is less than or equal to a first preset distribution distance difference set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit uses a first speed adjustment coefficient to adjust the casting speed of the furnace to a corresponding value; 若所述分布距离差值大于所述第一预设分布距离差值且小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第二预设分布距离差值，分析单元使用第二转速调节系数将所述熔炉的浇铸转速调节至对应值；If the distribution distance difference is greater than the first preset distribution distance difference and less than or equal to the second preset distribution distance difference set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit uses the second speed adjustment coefficient to adjust the casting speed of the furnace to a corresponding value; 若所述分布距离差值大于所述第二预设分布距离差值，所述分析单元使用第三转速调节系数将所述熔炉的浇铸转速调节至对应值。If the distribution distance difference is greater than the second preset distribution distance difference, the analysis unit uses a third speed adjustment coefficient to adjust the casting speed of the furnace to a corresponding value. 8.根据权利要求6所述的一种基于贵金属工艺品铸造的控制方法，其特征在于，所述分析单元将所述缺陷比值与所述第二预设缺陷比值的差值的绝对值记为缺陷比值差值，并基于缺陷比值差值确定所述预加热单元针对各所述模具的加热时长：8. A control method based on precious metal craft casting according to claim 6, characterized in that the analysis unit records the absolute value of the difference between the defect ratio and the second preset defect ratio as the defect ratio difference, and determines the heating time of the preheating unit for each of the molds based on the defect ratio difference: 若所述缺陷比值差值小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第一预设缺陷比值差值，分析单元使用第一时长调节系数将所述预加热单元针对各所述模具的加热时长调节至对应值；If the defect ratio difference is less than or equal to a first preset defect ratio difference set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit uses a first duration adjustment coefficient to adjust the heating duration of the preheating unit for each of the molds to a corresponding value; 若所述缺陷比值差值大于所述第一预设缺陷比值差值且小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第二预设缺陷比值差值，分析单元使用第二时长调节系数将所述预加热单元针对各所述模具的加热时长调节至对应值；If the defect ratio difference is greater than the first preset defect ratio difference and less than or equal to the second preset defect ratio difference set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit uses the second duration adjustment coefficient to adjust the heating duration of the preheating unit for each of the molds to a corresponding value; 若所述缺陷比值差值大于所述第二预设缺陷比值差值，所述分析单元使用第三时长调节系数将所述预加热单元针对各所述模具的加热时长调节至对应值。If the defect ratio difference is greater than the second preset defect ratio difference, the analysis unit uses a third duration adjustment coefficient to adjust the heating duration of the preheating unit for each of the molds to a corresponding value. 9.根据权利要求6所述的一种基于贵金属工艺品铸造的控制方法，其特征在于，所述分析单元将各所述缺陷特征的面积的平均值记为平均缺陷面积，并基于平均缺陷面积确定所述负压装置的负压压强：9. A control method based on precious metal craft casting according to claim 6, characterized in that the analysis unit records the average value of the areas of each defect feature as the average defect area, and determines the negative pressure of the negative pressure device based on the average defect area: 若所述平均缺陷面积小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第一预设平均缺陷面积，分析单元使用第一压强调节系数将所述负压装置运行过程中的负压压强调节至对应值；If the average defect area is less than or equal to a first preset average defect area set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit uses a first pressure adjustment coefficient to adjust the negative pressure during the operation of the negative pressure device to a corresponding value; 若所述平均缺陷面积大于所述第一预设平均缺陷面积且小于等于所述分析单元中设置的第二预设平均缺陷面积，分析单元使用第二压强调节系数将所述负压装置运行过程中的负压压强调节至对应值；If the average defect area is greater than the first preset average defect area and less than or equal to the second preset average defect area set in the analysis unit, the analysis unit uses the second pressure adjustment coefficient to adjust the negative pressure during the operation of the negative pressure device to a corresponding value; 若所述平均缺陷面积大于所述第二预设平均缺陷面积，所述分析单元使用第三压强调节系数将所述负压装置运行过程中的负压压强调节至对应值。If the average defect area is greater than the second preset average defect area, the analysis unit uses a third pressure adjustment coefficient to adjust the negative pressure during the operation of the negative pressure device to a corresponding value.
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