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CN118293005A - 带有可调质量浮子的漂浮式风浪能混合发电系统 - Google Patents

带有可调质量浮子的漂浮式风浪能混合发电系统 Download PDF

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CN118293005A
CN118293005A CN202410422214.1A CN202410422214A CN118293005A CN 118293005 A CN118293005 A CN 118293005A CN 202410422214 A CN202410422214 A CN 202410422214A CN 118293005 A CN118293005 A CN 118293005A
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floater
float
wave energy
platform
power generation
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张俊
施逸丰
林嘉欢
诸葛泽鑫
胡志鹏
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Fuzhou University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
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    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
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    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
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    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1845—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem
    • F03B13/187—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem and the wom directly actuates the piston of a pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1885—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is tied to the rem
    • F03B13/189—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is tied to the rem acting directly on the piston of a pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
    • F03D13/256—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation on a floating support, i.e. floating wind motors
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    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/008—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations the wind motor being combined with water energy converters, e.g. a water turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
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    • F03D9/32—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations on moving objects, e.g. vehicles
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    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
    • B63B2035/446—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting wind energy into electric energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种带有可调质量浮子的漂浮式风浪能混合发电系统，包括半潜漂浮式风力发电机和振荡浮子式波能转换器。风力发电机包含转子、机舱、塔筒、半潜式漂浮平台四个部分。振荡浮子式波能转换器包含环形浮子和动力输出系统两个部分，环形浮子通过支撑杆与半潜式平台相连，环形浮子为内部为中空的结构，装有一个隔板将内部空间分为上部的气腔和下部的水腔，浮子上下侧设置若干小孔用于海水和空气流通，隔板与连杆螺纹连接，通过旋转连杆调节浮子质量。本发明将可调质量浮子应用于风浪能混合发电系统，在运行过程中通过控制浮子的质量提升波能捕获宽度并解决部分工况下浮子出现出水入水的现象影响风机系统运行稳定性的问题。

Description

带有可调质量浮子的漂浮式风浪能混合发电系统
技术领域
本发明涉及发电装置技术领域，特别是带有可调质量浮子的漂浮式风浪能混合发电系统。
背景技术
近年来海上风力发电技术发展迅速，开始朝着深远海进行布局。但是当水深超过60m时，固定底座风机的安装成本急剧增加。因此各种浮动平台被提出运用于漂浮式风力机。波浪能作为一种具有更高功率密度的能源同样备受关注，但是由场地许可、输电线路、系泊系统导致的高额花费严重阻碍了波浪能转换器商业化的发展。所以将波浪能转换器安装在浮式风机上，共享支撑平台、输电线路和系泊系统，可以降低波浪能转换器的建设成本，提高风电场的发电量，是个十分具有发展前景的组合方案。
目前比较常见波能转换器按照捕获系统的工作原理区分大致可以分为振荡水柱型、振荡体型和聚波水库式三种。其中振荡水柱型和聚波水库式体型太大，很难安装在风机平台上，所以大部分风浪能集成系统的波能转换器都是选择振荡体型进行研究，提升系统输出功率的关键在于浮子的设计。一般的浮子在制作出来之后，其参数很难改变，包括其外形尺寸、刚度、质量、重心、附加质量等，但是对浮子结构尺寸进行设计终究有其局限性，波浪一旦超出其捕获带宽的频率，效率将直线下降。特别是，考虑到具有随机特性的真实海况，很难充分捕获整个频带上的波浪能量。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种带有可调质量浮子的漂浮式风浪能混合发电系统，将可调质量浮子应用于风浪能混合发电系统，在运行过程中通过控制浮子的质量提升波能捕获宽度并解决部分工况下浮子出现出水入水的现象影响风机系统运行稳定性的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：带有可调质量浮子的漂浮式风浪能混合发电系统，包括半潜漂浮式风机与振荡浮子式波能转换器；所述半潜漂浮式风机包括：转子、机舱、塔筒和半潜漂浮式平台，转子与机舱相连，转子将风能转换为机械能，机舱内部包含齿轮箱和发电机用于将转子的机械能转换为电能，机舱下端与塔筒相连，塔筒底部与半潜漂浮式平台连接，半潜式平台为空心结构内部装有压舱水用于降低重心增强平台稳定性，平台底部与系泊缆连接维持系统的相对位置；振荡浮子式波能转换器：包括可调质量环形浮子和动力输出系统，所述可调质量环形浮子内部为空心结构，内部有一个隔板将浮子内部空间分为气腔和水腔，浮子上下表面各有若干各小孔允许空气和海水流通，浮子与平台通过连杆相连；动力输出系统包含液压缸、控制阀和液压发电机三个部分，液压缸将浮子与平台垂荡方向的相对运动产生的机械能转换为高压油流的液压能，高压油流输入到液压发电机将液压能转换为电能输出低压油流，液压阀控制液压流量的输入和输出。
在一较佳的实施例中，连杆上下段分别设置有止动垫圈，防止浮子运动幅值过大对系统造成损害。
在一较佳的实施例中，连杆中间段带有螺纹，连杆中间段与隔板相连的部分通过螺纹连接，连杆转动带动隔板上下移动调节气腔和水腔的容积改变浮子的质量。
在一较佳的实施例中，通过改变浮子质量控制浮子的吃水深度，在恶劣的环境下避免浮子出现脱离水面的现象，避免出现抨击载荷提高系统稳定性。
在一较佳的实施例中，调节浮子的质量，使浮子的共振频率与波浪频率一致，提高浮子的运动响应进而提高系统的输出功率。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
1、将主动控制技术应用于风浪能混合发电装置，基于入射波频率调节浮子质量使其达到共振频率比起设计浮子结构更能显著提升发电效率。
2、考虑到极端工况下风浪能混合发电装置的生存状态，当波浪太大容易导致浮子脱离水面产生抨击载荷威胁系统稳定性的时候，增加浮子质量加大浮子吃水可以有效避免这种情况出现，同时有效降低系泊系统的最大拉力，可以降低系泊缆发生断裂的可能性。
附图说明
图1示出了本发明的总体结构示意图；
图2示出了本发明波能转换器局部示意图；
图3示出了本发明波能转换器动力输出系统示意图；
图4示出了本发明可调质量环形浮子局部剖面示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式；如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
如图1，带有可调质量浮子的漂浮式风浪能混合发电装置，包括转子1、机舱2、塔架3、无支撑半潜式平台5、三根系泊缆6和波能转换器4。转子、机舱和塔架参考NREL-5WM风机。转子有三根叶片用于捕获风能，将风能转换为机械能，机舱内部包含齿轮箱和发电机，齿轮箱将转子低速高扭矩的旋转运动转换为高速低扭矩的旋转运动传递到发电机中将机械能转换为电能。塔架将机舱和半潜式平台连接在一起，起到连接与支撑的作用，半潜式平台包含三根边缘立柱和一根中心立柱，中心立柱与塔架相连，三根边缘立柱通过导缆孔与系泊缆相连接，系泊缆的另一端通过锚点与海床连接，系泊系统保证平台的稳定性和系统相对位置的确定。半潜式平台的内部为中空的结构装有压舱水有效降低系统质心提高系统稳定性。
如图2所示，波能转换器4包括动力输出系统8和质量可调环形浮子4两部分，质量可调环形浮子通过连杆11与半潜式平台连接，同时连杆限制了平台和浮子在纵荡、纵摇、橫荡、横摇、艏摇方向上的相对运动，连杆的上下两端分别装有止动垫圈7，为了防止环形浮子运动响应过大影响发生碰撞破坏动力输出系统。
如图3所示，动力输出系统将环形浮子与半潜式平台在垂荡方向的相对运动转换为电能。动力输出系统包括液压缸12、控制阀13、液压发电机14三个部分。波浪的作用下浮子和平台发生运动，液压缸将浮子与半潜式平台垂荡方向的相对运动的机械能转换为液压能，控制阀控制液压油流的输入输出将高压油流输入液压发电机，液压发电机将液压能转换为电能，并输出低压油流完成循环。
如图4所示为环形浮子的剖面视图，浮子内部为空心结构，装有一个隔板将内部空间分为上部的气腔和下部的水腔，隔板与连杆通过螺纹连接，连杆旋转带动隔板上下运动，浮子上下表面开有流通孔9用于空气和海水通过。隔板向上移动水腔容积增加，海水从下表面流通孔流入，空气从上表面流通孔流出，浮子的质量增加，吃水深度增加。隔板向下移动水腔容积减小，海水从下表面流通孔排出，空气从上表面流通孔流入。
环形浮子的质量调节方式分为两种情况讨论，第一种在正常工况浮子运动响应幅度不会过大，调节浮子的质量属性可以改变浮子的共振频率，将浮子的共振频率与波浪入射波频率吻合可以显著提高系统的功率输出。第二种在极端工况下浮子的运动响应幅度过大，不考虑系统的功率输出，考虑系统运行的安全稳定性，避免浮子出现出水入水的现象产生非线性抨击载荷，这种情况下增加浮子质量，提高浮子的水线位置，直到浮子不会出现脱离水面的现象。而且在这种极端工况下增加浮子的质量可以有效降低平台的运动响应，降低系泊载荷的拉力，降低系泊缆断裂的风险。

Claims (5)

1.带有可调质量浮子的漂浮式风浪能混合发电系统，其特征在于，包括半潜漂浮式风机与振荡浮子式波能转换器；所述半潜漂浮式风机包括：转子、机舱、塔筒和半潜漂浮式平台，转子与机舱相连，转子将风能转换为机械能，机舱内部包含齿轮箱和发电机用于将转子的机械能转换为电能，机舱下端与塔筒相连，塔筒底部与半潜漂浮式平台连接，半潜式平台为空心结构内部装有压舱水用于降低重心增强平台稳定性，平台底部与系泊缆连接维持系统的相对位置；振荡浮子式波能转换器：包括可调质量环形浮子和动力输出系统，所述可调质量环形浮子内部为空心结构，内部有一个隔板将浮子内部空间分为气腔和水腔，浮子上下表面各有若干各小孔允许空气和海水流通，浮子与平台通过连杆相连；动力输出系统包含液压缸、控制阀和液压发电机三个部分，液压缸将浮子与平台垂荡方向的相对运动产生的机械能转换为高压油流的液压能，高压油流输入到液压发电机将液压能转换为电能输出低压油流，液压阀控制液压流量的输入和输出。
2.根据权利要求1所述的带有可调质量浮子的漂浮式风浪能混合发电系统，其特征在于连杆上下段分别设置有止动垫圈，防止浮子运动幅值过大对系统造成损害。
3.根据权利要求1所述的带有可调质量浮子的漂浮式风浪能混合发电系统，其特征在于连杆中间段带有螺纹，连杆中间段与隔板相连的部分通过螺纹连接，连杆转动带动隔板上下移动调节气腔和水腔的容积改变浮子的质量。
4.根据权利要求1所述的带有可调质量浮子的漂浮式风浪能混合发电系统，其特征在于通过改变浮子质量控制浮子的吃水深度，在恶劣的环境下避免浮子出现脱离水面的现象，避免出现抨击载荷提高系统稳定性。
5.根据权利要求1所述的带有可调质量浮子的漂浮式风浪能混合发电系统，其特征在于可以调节浮子的质量，使浮子的共振频率与波浪频率一致，提高浮子的运动响应进而提高系统的输出功率。
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CN108533444A (zh) * 2018-01-24 2018-09-14 天津大学 一种波浪频率自适应波浪能发电系统
CN111412102A (zh) * 2020-03-27 2020-07-14 武汉理工大学 一种基于半潜式浮式风机和振荡浮子的风能-波浪能集成发电平台
CN111878316A (zh) * 2020-08-31 2020-11-03 广东海洋大学 一种风能波浪能集成发电装置
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CN116641835A (zh) * 2023-05-29 2023-08-25 上海交通大学 跨周期捕能的漂浮式波浪能发电装置实现方法及系统

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CN108533444A (zh) * 2018-01-24 2018-09-14 天津大学 一种波浪频率自适应波浪能发电系统
US20210108612A1 (en) * 2018-05-31 2021-04-15 Marine Power Systems Limited Renewable energy conversion apparatus
CN111412102A (zh) * 2020-03-27 2020-07-14 武汉理工大学 一种基于半潜式浮式风机和振荡浮子的风能-波浪能集成发电平台
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