CN1181719A - Method of treating hydrocarbon fluids and apparatus embodying the method - Google Patents

Abstract

A method and apparatus for treating a hydrocarbon fluid prior to fractionation by mechanical agitation comprises supplying the fluid to a space (1) in a rotating moving wheel (2), passing the fluid through a series of outlet openings (8) into an annular chamber (4) formed by the moving wheel and stator, and discharging the fluid. In this process, the empirical formula R =1.1614K (millimeters) was observed; Δ R =1.1614B (mm), and n =3.8396K^－1.5/10⁶(rpm/min), where R is the radius of the outer circumferential cylindrical surface of the running wheel, n is the rotational frequency of the running wheel, K is the number of running wheel outlet openings, and B is an integer in the range of 1 … K/5.

Description

Method of treating hydrocarbon fluids and apparatus embodying the method

Background of the invention

The present invention relates to the pre-treatment of hydrocarbon fluids (in this text, the word "treatment" refers to the meaning of making the raw materials have the physical characteristics required for post-treatment), in particular to a method of treating hydrocarbon fluids before they are fractionated by means of mechanical action. Method and apparatus for processing hydrocarbon fluids.

In the known technical field, prior to fractionation, the hydrocarbon fluid is generally pretreated by mechanical action, especially by filtering to remove unwanted inclusions. This filtering treatment greatly facilitates the subsequent fractionation process, and at the same time, it will not have any impact on the physical properties of the hydrocarbon feedstock or semi-finished products, nor will it affect the yield of intermediate or limited fractionation.

Also known in the prior art is a method of treating liquids by means of mechanical oscillations (International Patent Application No.: PCT/RU92/00194, 1992), comprising "providing the fluid to be treated into the space of a rotating running wheel; making the fluid Exhaust from the space of the running wheel through a series of outlet openings provided on the outer peripheral cylindrical surface of the running wheel; allow the fluid to flow into the space of the stator through at least one inlet opening arranged in the outer peripheral cylinder of the running wheel In the coaxial surface of the stator with a very small gap adjacent to the shaped surface; thus, a periodic, discontinuous disturbance of the fluid flow through the outlet opening of the running wheel is achieved, and in the presence of sound or ultrasonic Excite mechanical oscillations in the fluid flow.

Apparatus embodying the above method for treating fluids, comprising a rotor fitted with a shaft rotating in bearings; a running wheel connected to the shaft, formed as a disk having a peripheral annular wall having a cylindrical Inner and outer surfaces, in which a series of openings for the passage of fluid are provided, these openings are distributed equidistantly along the circumference; a stator containing the running wheel, said stator has an input opening for supplying fluid hole and a discharge hole for discharging fluid, said stator also has two coaxial walls, which are adjacent to the outer peripheral annular wall of the running wheel, leaving a very small gap on both sides; the two coaxial walls of the stator The walls are each provided with at least one opening for the passage of a fluid in the plane of the series of openings of the running wheel.

When the above-mentioned device processes hydrocarbon fluid, it will heat the fluid to a certain extent, other than that, it will not affect other physical properties of the fluid, nor will it have any impact on the intermediate or final products of subsequent fractionation.

Introduction to the present invention

The object of the present invention is, on the basis of the prior art and own studies, to solve the problems arising, to propose a method for the treatment of hydrocarbon fluids prior to the subsequent fractionation step, as well as a device embodying this method, this method The influence of the system and device on the physical properties of hydrocarbon fluids can increase the production of light fraction products.

According to the invention, the problem is solved by treating the fluid with the aid of a mechanical action, wherein a rotational movement process with a defined linear velocity along a defined radius of rotation is accompanied by an overlapping of oscillating effects with a defined frequency.

For this purpose, in a basic embodiment of the method for treating fluids it is provided that: the fluid to be treated is provided into the space of the rotating running wheel; the fluid to be treated is discharged from the space of the running wheel into In an annular cavity formed by the outer cylindrical surface of the running wheel and the coaxial surface of the stator, the discharge of fluid from the space of the running wheel is through a series of valves arranged on the outer cylindrical surface of the running wheel Achieved by opening the outlet. The outlet openings are equidistantly distributed along the circumference; the fluid is discharged from the annular cavity through at least one discharge hole. In this case, the radius R of the cylindrical surface of the outer circumference of the running wheel and the rotation frequency n of the running wheel are all within the range of the following empirical formula, and are determined by selecting the number K of the outlet openings of the running wheel:

R = (1.05...1.28)K (mm), and

n＝(3.6…4.1)K ^-1.5 .10 ⁶ (revolutions/min)

As has been confirmed by experimentation, exceeding the stated parameter range, the effect of insufficient treatment of the fluid can be obtained, which indicates that the choice of the parameter is not suitable.

In a preferred embodiment of the method for treating fluids, the radius R and the rotational frequency n of the running wheel are unambiguously determined by selecting the number K of outlet openings according to the following empirical formula:

R = 1.1614K (mm), and

n＝3.8396K ^-1.5 .10 ⁶ (revolutions/minute)

In another preferred embodiment of the method of treating fluid, the discharge of the fluid to be treated from the annular cavity formed by the outer periphery of the running wheel is achieved through discharge holes provided on the coaxial surface of the stator. Formed by the cylindrical surface and the coaxial surface of the stator, these discharge holes are arranged in turn opposite the outlet openings of the running wheel during the rotation of the running wheel.

In the above basic embodiment of treating fluids, within the range of said parameters selected, as experiments have demonstrated, the influence on the physical properties of the fluids results in the yield of the most valuable low-boiling fractions in the subsequent fractionation process. greatly improved, that is to say, the method of treating fluids is quite effective for practical purposes. This effect can be achieved by a destructive change in the mutual bonding of the fluids at the molecular level as a result of exciting mechanical actions acting on the fluid at frequencies sufficient to critical and generate harmonics in the fluid. In a preferred embodiment of the method of treating fluids, the effect of the pretreatment of hydrocarbon fluids prior to fractionation is most effective when well-defined values of said parameters, which are determined experimentally, are selected. full. In another preferred embodiment of the method of treating fluid, since when the fluid is discharged into the annular cavity through the outlet opening of the running wheel, and when the fluid is discharged from the annular cavity through the discharge holes provided on the coaxial surface of the stator When discharging, there is a combined oscillating action on the fluid, which makes it possible to improve the effect obtained.

According to the present invention, the method of treating hydrocarbon fluids can only be carried out by means of the apparatus which will be described hereinafter, which form an integral part of the general purpose of the present invention and are not intended for other purposes.

In a basic embodiment of the device for treating fluids, it comprises a rotor, which houses a shaft rotatable in bearings; at least one running wheel connected to the shaft, which is shaped like a circle disk, an annular wall having a cylindrical outer surface, in which a series of outlet openings for the fluid are arranged equidistantly along the circumference; a stator containing the running wheel, which has a An input opening for the fluid and a discharge opening for discharging the fluid are provided; a space for containing the fluid to be treated is formed by the disc and the outer peripheral annular wall of the running wheel, and with the input opening The hole is formed by the wall of the stator adjacent to the running wheel; an annular cavity for containing the fluid to be processed is defined in the radial direction by the peripheral annular wall of the running wheel and the coaxial wall of the stator, And communicate with the discharge hole that is used for fluid to flow out; The shape dimension characteristic of this running wheel and annular chamber is:

R＝(1.05…1.28)K(mm), here

K is the number of openings at the outlet of the selected running wheel,

R is the radius of the outer cylindrical surface of the outer peripheral annular wall of the running wheel, and

ΔR＝(1.05…1.28)B(mm)here

B is an integer selected in the range of 1…K/2,

ΔR is the radial dimension of the annular cavity,

In a preferred embodiment of the device for treating fluids, the dimensions of the radii R and ΔR are respectively:

R=1.1614K (mm),

ΔR=1.1614B (mm), where

B is an integer selected in the range 1...K/5.

In another preferred embodiment of the device for treating fluid, a stator has a space adjacent to its coaxial wall for introducing fluid from the annular cavity into the space, and the space is connected to the discharge hole for discharging the fluid. Communication; the space of the stator communicates with the annular cavity through some discharge holes arranged in the coaxial surface of the stator, and these discharge holes are located in the plane of the opening of the operating output port and are distributed equidistantly along the circumferential line; the discharge of the annular cavity The number of holes is 1...K.

Other features of the present invention can be understood from the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention.

A brief description of the attached drawings

The present invention is described in more detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the following schematic diagrams:

Fig. 1 is the longitudinal axial sectional view of the most basic and best embodiment of the device for treating fluid of the present invention;

Figure 2 and Figure 4 are partial cross-sectional views of the annular chamber;

Figure 3 is a longitudinal axial sectional view of one of the preferred embodiments of the device for treating fluids.

Detailed Description of the Invention

According to a basic embodiment of the method for treating fluids by means of mechanical action ( FIGS. 1 , 2 ), the fluid to be treated is supplied through the inlet opening 3 into the space 1 of the rotating running wheel 2 . During the rotation of the running wheel 2, the fluid to be treated is discharged from the space 1 through a series of outlet openings 8 into the annular chamber 4 formed by the peripheral cylindrical surface 5 of the running wheel 2 and the stator. Formed by the coaxial surface 6 of 7, a series of outlet openings 8 are equidistantly arranged along the outer peripheral cylindrical surface 5 of the running wheel 2 and along the circumferential line. The fluid to be treated confined in the annular chamber 4 is subjected to mechanical oscillations while it continues to rotate relative to the central axis 9 according to the laws of free fluid. This mechanism oscillation is produced by the interaction between the flow of unit fluid coming out of each outlet opening 8 of the running wheel 2 and the coaxial surface 6 of the stator 7 . The treated fluid is discharged from the annular chamber 4 through the discharge hole 10 .

The rotational frequency n of the running wheel 2 and the radius R of its outer peripheral cylindrical surface 5 are determined by selecting the number K of the outlet openings 8 of the running wheel 2 within the scope of the following empirical formula:

R=(1.05...1.28)K(mm),

n=(3.6...4.1)K ^-1.5 .10 ⁶ (revolutions per minute).

According to a preferred embodiment of the method for treating fluids, the radius R and the rotational frequency n of the running wheel 2 can be determined unambiguously by selecting the number K of outlet openings 8 of the running wheel 2 according to the following empirical formula:

R=1.1614K (mm),

n = 3.8396K ^-1.5 .10 ⁶ (revolutions per minute).

According to another preferred embodiment of the method of treating fluids ( FIGS. 3-4 ), the discharge of the fluid to be treated from the annular chamber 4 is through one, several or Realized by a series of discharge holes 11, the annular chamber 4 is formed by the peripheral cylindrical surface 5 of the running wheel 2 and the coaxial surface 6 of the stator 7. During the rotation of the running wheel 2, said discharge holes 11 of the annular chamber 4 are arranged in turn opposite the corresponding outlet openings 8 of the running wheel 2, thereby causing periodic turbulence and corresponding Mechanical vibration. The fluid flowing out through the discharge hole 11 of the annular chamber 4 enters the space 12 of the stator 7 , from where the treated fluid is discharged through the discharge hole 13 .

The quantity of the discharge holes 11 of the annular chamber 4 can be selected from one to K ranges, it should be considered that with the increase of the number of discharge holes 11, under the condition that other aspects remain unchanged, the capacity of the treatment volume increases accordingly, and Fluid handling efficiency is then reduced.

According to the basic embodiment of the device (Figs. 1, 2) for implementing the described method of treating fluids, the device comprises a rotor 14 equipped with a shaft 15 rotatable in bearings 16 and 17 and set with a seal 18 . The rotor 14 also includes at least one running wheel 2 connected to the shaft 15 , which is formed as a disk 19 with a peripheral annular wall 20 having a cylindrical outer surface 5 . A series of outlet openings 8 for the fluid are equidistantly distributed in said wall 20 along the periphery.

The stator 7 enclosing the running wheel 2 is provided with input openings 3 for supplying the fluid to be treated and discharge holes 10 for the outflow of the treated fluid. A space 1 for receiving the fluid to be treated is formed by the disc 19 , the annular wall 20 of the running wheel 2 and the adjacent wall 21 of the stator 7 with the input opening 3 . An annular chamber 4 for receiving the fluid to be treated, the annular chamber 4 is radially delimited by the annular wall 20 of the running wheel 2 and the coaxial wall 22 of the stator 7, and is connected with the flow of the treated fluid therefrom The discharge hole 10 communicates.

The shape and size characteristics of the running wheel 2 and the annular cavity 4 are set as follows:

R=(1.05...1.28)K(mm),

ΔR=(1.05…1.28)B(mm), in addition

K is the selected number of outlet openings of the running wheel,

R is the radius of the cylindrical outer surface of the peripheral annular wall of the running wheel,

B is an integer selected in the range of 1…K/2,

ΔR is the radial dimension of the annular cavity.

In the preferred embodiment of the device for treating fluids (Fig. 1, 2), the nominal value of the radius R is explicitly set as:

R=1.1614K (mm),

And the nominal value of the radial dimension ΔR is set as:

ΔR=1.1614B (mm), here.

B is a selected integer in the range of 1...K/5.

According to another preferred embodiment (Fig. 3, 4) of the device for treating fluid, the stator 7 has a space 12 adjacent to the coaxial wall 22 of the stator 7 for receiving the fluid coming out of the annular cavity 4, The space 12 communicates with a discharge hole 13 for discharging treated fluid. The space 12 of the stator 7 communicates with the annular cavity 4 through the discharge hole 11, the discharge hole 11 is used to discharge the fluid from the annular cavity 4, and simultaneously makes it flow into the space 12, and the said discharge hole 11 is arranged on the coaxial wall of the stator 7 22 in. Said discharge holes 11 are located in the distribution plane of the series of outlet openings 8 of the running wheel 2 and are equidistant along the circumference. The number of discharge holes 11 can be set from 1 to K, and its number exceeding K is not beneficial, because when other conditions are the same, after exceeding the K value, the vibration intensity is obviously reduced.

The rotor 14 is connected to a drive device (such as an electric motor 24 ) having a predetermined rotational frequency through a transmission mechanism of the shaft 15 and a coupling 23 .

The rotor may comprise several running wheels mounted on a shaft, said running wheels being in contact sequentially along the fluid flow. Each running wheel can be fitted with blades.

The device can be constructed as an internal or external bypass with shut-off or control elements to allow a portion of the treated fluid to pass from the outlet of the device into its inlet for reprocessing.

The device as a whole can take up any position in space.

The number K of the outlet openings 8 of the running wheel 2 can be selected based on the desired forced oscillation frequency within the range of sound waves that have been excited in the fluid, and K can be determined with the following empirical formula:

F＝63.993K ^-0.5 (kHz)

Consideration should be given to the achievable and advantageous dimensions of the device as a whole.

The choice of parameter B, within the above range, depends on the physical properties of the specific fluid to be treated, especially its viscosity and change of state when it becomes hot, and takes into account the reasonable shape and size of the device as a whole .

The choice of the number of discharge holes 11 for the flow of fluid from the annular chamber 4 depends on the desired volumetric capacity ratio and the tolerances of the fluid handling.

The width of the outlet openings 8 of the running wheel 2 in the circumferential direction along the outer peripheral surface 5 is preferably set to 1/2 of the circumferential spacing between these openings 8 along the circumference of the radius R. The width of the discharge holes 11 of the annular chamber 4 in the circumferential direction along the coaxial surface 6, regardless of the number of the discharge holes 11, preferably does not exceed the width of the outlet opening 8. The openings 8 and 11 are preferably identical in shape as shown in FIG. 3 and extend in a direction parallel to the central axis 9 .

The device for treating fluids according to the invention operates in the following manner:

In the basic and preferred embodiment of the device ( FIGS. 1 , 2 ), the fluid to be treated is supplied into the space 1 of the running wheel 2 through the inlet opening 3 in the direction indicated by the arrow. The rotor 14 is rotated together with the running wheel 2 at a predetermined rotational frequency n by means of the electric motor 24 via the coupling 23 and the shaft 15 . In this case, the fluid entering the space 1 of the running wheel 2 enters the annular wall 20 of the driven wheel 2 and the stator through a series of outlet openings 8 in the peripheral annular wall 20 of the running wheel 2 under pressure. In the annular cavity 4 defined by the coaxial wall 22 of 7. The treated fluid is discharged from the annular cavity 4 through the discharge hole 10 in the direction indicated by the arrow for subsequent fractionation treatment.

Another preferred embodiment of the device ( FIGS. 3 , 4 ) operates, except that the fluid to be treated leaves the annular chamber 4 through discharge holes 11 provided in the coaxial wall 22 of the stator 7 and enters the stator 7 Except in the space 12, other modes of operation are all similar to those described before. The treated fluid is discharged from the space 12 through the discharge hole 13 in the direction indicated by the arrow for subsequent fractionation treatment.

An example of a method of treating a fluid according to the invention and a specific example of an apparatus used in this example is given in the following tables (Tables 1, 2). Therein, the efficiency of the treatment plant corresponds to an increase in the production of light fractionation products (gasoline, kerosene, diesel) when the initial hydrocarbon fluid is treated. In the example given below, the treatment efficiency is derived from a recalculation of the hydrocarbon feedstock (crude oil) when light fractions are re-extracted from fuel oil prepared for distillation after treatment in the manner according to the present invention.

Table 1

     According to the example of the embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2

Treated Fluid - Fuel Oil

Name Symbol Symbol Unit Number of outlet openings of running wheel K 120 The radius of the outer cylindrical surface of the running wheel R mm 140.0

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Inches                      

Inch 0.366 running rotor rotation frequency N rotor/2920 mechanical oscillation frequency F, 5.840 energy Emengo ear 46.8 open operating capacity Gk kg/64.0 open operation efficiency when running kg/min 32.050% processing efficiency in closed circuit operation - % 6.4

Table 2

      According to the example of the embodiment shown in Figures 3 and 4

                Treated Fluid - Fuel Oil

Name Symbol Symbol Unit Number of outlet openings of the running wheel K K 192 The radius of the cylindrical surface of the outer circumference of the running wheel R mm 223.0

Inch 8.780 ring cavity radial size ΔR mm 41.8

Inch 1.646 Rotation Rotor Ring frequency N rotation/1440 mechanical oscillating frequency Flianghrtz 4.620 ring cavity exit number K1 128 Energy Emenger 64.8 Open operating capacity Gkkkkkk Efficiency - % % 1.1550% Closed Circuit Capability G1 kg/min 51.4 Processing Efficiency - 0.2 %

Industrial Applications

In chemical industry, petroleum, and other industrial fields, the present invention can be used for technical treatment of hydrocarbon fluids such as initial raw materials or intermediate products before fractionation. This pretreatment according to the present invention can be applied to the treatment of crude oil before distillation, fuel oil before redistillation or cracking, gasoline before catalytic cracking, naphtha before reforming and corresponding artificial hydrocarbon fluids before fractionation . The integrity of the processing method of the present invention enables the present invention to be applied to the existing fractionation process through a reasonable combination with the transfer steps in the two technical components.

By means of specially designed engines for similar purposes (electrical, hydraulic, wind, mechanical, etc.), or by means of parts of moving, especially rotating, transmission facilities (transportation equipment for hydrocarbon fluids, etc.) Actuate the running wheel.

Claims (6)

1. A method of treating hydrocarbon fluids by means of mechanical action, comprising: (1) Provide the fluid to be treated into a space of the rotating running wheel; (2) Discharging the fluid to be treated from the space of the running wheel into an annular cavity formed by the outer peripheral cylindrical surface of said running wheel and the coaxial surface of a stator, wherein (3) said discharge is effected through a series of outlet openings, said series of outlet openings being arranged on the outer cylindrical surface of the running wheel and distributed equidistantly along the circumference; (4) Fluid is discharged from said annular cavity through at least one discharge hole, wherein (5) The size of the radius R of the outer peripheral cylindrical surface of the running wheel is determined by selecting the number K of outlet openings of said running wheel according to the following empirical formula, R=(1.05...1.28)K(mm), (6) The rotational frequency n of the running wheel is to be determined by means of said K value according to the following empirical formula, n=(3.6...4.1)K ^-1.5 .10 ⁶ (revolutions per minute). 2. A method for treating fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that the size of the radius R of the outer cylindrical surface of the running wheel is determined by selecting the outlet of the running wheel according to the following empirical method It is determined by the number K of openings, R=1.1614K (mm), The rotation frequency n of the running wheel is determined by means of the K value according to the following empirical formula, n＝3.836K ^-1.5 .10 ⁶ (revolutions/minute) 3. A method of treating fluid according to claim 2, characterized in that the discharge of the fluid from the annular cavity is realized through discharge holes, said annular cavity is formed by the outer peripheral cylindrical surface of the running wheel and the stator The discharge hole is formed on the coaxial surface of the stator. During the rotation of the running wheel, the discharge hole is sequentially opposed to the outlet opening of the running wheel. 4. An apparatus for treating hydrocarbon fluids by means of mechanical action, comprising: (1) A rotor carrying a shaft rotatable in bearings, (2) At least one running wheel connected to a shaft, which is formed as a disc with a peripheral annular wall having a cylindrical outer surface, in which the a series of outlet openings for the fluid; (3) a stator containing the running wheel, which has an input opening for supplying fluid and a discharge opening for discharging fluid; (4) A space for containing the fluid to be treated, said space being formed by the disc and the annular wall of the running wheel, and the stator wall with the input opening adjacent to said running wheel ; (5) An annular cavity for containing the fluid to be treated, which is limited in the radial direction by the outer peripheral annular wall of the running wheel and the coaxial wall of the stator, and communicated with the discharge hole for discharging the fluid; Among them, the shape and size characteristics of the running wheel and the annular cavity are set as: (6) The radius R of the cylindrical outer surface of the outer peripheral annular wall of the running wheel is set as: R＝(1.05…1.28)K(mm), besides K is the number of openings at the outlet of the selected running wheel, (7) The radial dimension ΔR of the annular cavity is set as: ΔR=(1.05…1.28)B(mm), where B is an integer selected from the range of 1 to K/2, (8) A tool for driving a rotor to rotate at a predetermined rotational frequency. 5. A device for treating fluid according to claim 4, characterized in that, the radius R of the cylindrical outer surface of the outer peripheral annular wall of the running wheel is set as: R＝1.1614 (mm), where K is the number of openings at the outlet of the selected running wheel, and the radial dimension ΔR of the annular cavity is set as: ΔR＝1.1614B (mm), where B is a selected integer in the range of 1...K/5. 6. An apparatus for treating fluids according to claim 5, characterized in that: (1) The stator has a space adjacent to its coaxial wall for introducing fluid from the annular cavity into the space, said space communicating with a discharge hole for discharging the fluid, where (2) The space of the stator communicates with the annular cavity through discharge holes arranged in the coaxial wall of the stator, said discharge holes are located in the plane of the outlet opening of the running wheel and are distributed equidistantly along the circumferential line, (3) The number of discharge holes of the annular chamber is set to 1...K.

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