CN118063916A - A high-gloss scratch-resistant heat-resistant PMMA composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-gloss scratch-resistant and heat-resistant PMMA composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the high-gloss scratch-resistant and heat-resistant PMMA composite material comprises PMMA, a toughening agent, a compatilizer, a heat-resistant agent, a brightening agent and an auxiliary agent in parts by weight; the toughening agent has a core-shell structure, wherein the shell is a copolymer of styrene and acrylonitrile, and the inner core is organosiloxane and acrylic rubber; the grain diameter of the toughening agent is 80-120nm; the compatilizer is MABS; the heat resistant agent is a copolymer of alpha-methyl styrene and acrylonitrile; the brightening agent is EBS; the preparation method comprises the following steps: and after uniformly mixing the components according to the weight ratio, extruding and granulating by a double-screw extruder to prepare the high-gloss scratch-resistant and heat-resistant PMMA composite material. The preparation method is simple, and the prepared PMMA composite material has the characteristics of high gloss, scratch resistance and high heat resistance temperature.

Description

A high-gloss scratch-resistant heat-resistant PMMA composite material and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of polymer materials, and in particular to a high-gloss scratch-resistant and heat-resistant PMMA composite material and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

Due to environmental regulations and cost requirements, automotive interior parts are increasingly moving towards non-spraying leather grain surfaces and non-spraying high-gloss surfaces. Leather grain surfaces can improve scratch resistance from the leather grain; however, high-gloss decorative parts are more easily scratched due to their surface characteristics and lack of protection from high-gloss paint. Traditional high-gloss interiors such as PC/ABS (polycarbonate/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer) alloys and ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer) have poor scratch resistance, which limits the development and application of high-gloss non-spraying interior parts.

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is widely used in the automotive lighting and lighting industry due to its excellent optical properties. PMMA not only has high transparency, but also has high gloss and high surface hardness. Its pencil hardness can reach over 3H, making it the material with the highest surface hardness for engineering plastics. This excellent surface property can meet the requirements of high gloss and scratch resistance for automotive high-gloss interior parts. PMMA also has the characteristics of high strength and high modulus. The disadvantage is that the material is brittle and has low impact strength.

Patent CN111592730A proposes to use ASA (acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylic rubber copolymer) and MBS (methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene copolymer) as toughening agents to improve the toughness of PMMA. The notched impact can reach about 10, which basically meets the toughness requirements of automotive interior parts. However, the toughening effect of ASA is limited, and ASA will affect the glossiness and heat resistance of the material, and cannot meet the high heat resistance requirements of interior decoration.

Patent CN106751099A improves the toughness of PMMA by adding high-rubber powder and AS (that is, ABS). Due to the high addition ratio, the heat resistance of the final product will be greatly affected. Therefore, Patent CN106751099A increases the heat deformation temperature by adding N-phenylmaleimide copolymer. However, the glass transition temperature of this heat-resistant agent is too high, and its dispersibility in PMMA is poor, which will reduce the gloss of the PMMA composite material.

In summary, the PMMA composite materials of the prior art cannot have the characteristics of high gloss, scratch resistance and high heat resistance.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems existing in the prior art and to provide a high-gloss scratch-resistant and heat-resistant PMMA composite material and a preparation method thereof.

To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

A high-gloss scratch-resistant heat-resistant PMMA composite material, comprising, by weight, 40-60 parts of PMMA, 20-40 parts of a toughening agent, 2-4 parts of a compatibilizer, 10-30 parts of a heat-resistant agent, 0.2-0.4 parts of a brightener, 0-0.4 parts of an anti-UV agent, and 0-0.4 parts of an antioxidant;

The toughening agent has a core-shell structure, the outer shell is a copolymer of styrene and acrylonitrile, and the inner core is organic siloxane and acrylic rubber; the particle size of the toughening agent is 80-120nm;

The compatibilizer is MABS (copolymer of methyl methacrylate, styrene, acrylonitrile and butadiene);

The heat-resistant agent is a copolymer of α-methylstyrene and acrylonitrile;

The brightener is EBS (ethylene bisstearamide).

As the preferred technical solution:

The high-gloss, scratch-resistant, and heat-resistant PMMA composite material as described above has a melt index of 2-5 g/10 min at 250° C. and 2.16 kg.

As described above, in a high-gloss, scratch-resistant, and heat-resistant PMMA composite material, the particle size of the toughening agent is between 80-120nm, and there is an island structure between the toughening agent and the base material. The toughening agent particles as islands have good compatibility with the base material, but cannot be sheared and dispersed by the twin-screw to become smaller. If the particle size is too large, a microscopic uneven surface will be formed on the surface of the product, resulting in a decrease in the surface gloss of the product; if the particle size is too small, the toughening effect is poor.

As described above, for a high-gloss, scratch-resistant, and heat-resistant PMMA composite material, the glass transition temperature of the heat-resistant agent is between 120 and 140° C. If the glass transition temperature is too high, it will affect the dispersion of the heat-resistant agent in the substrate, and if the glass transition temperature is too low, the heat-resistant effect is poor.

The high gloss scratch-resistant and heat-resistant PMMA composite material has a tensile strength of 47.6-55.1 MPa, a flexural strength of 68.2-76.1 MPa, a flexural modulus of 2175-2390 MPa, a notched impact strength of 6.5-13.6 KJ/m ² , a Vicat temperature of 99.8-106.2° C., a pencil hardness of 2-3H, and a glossiness of 107-112.

The present invention also provides a method for preparing a high-gloss scratch-resistant and heat-resistant PMMA composite material as described in any of the above items, after mixing the components according to the weight ratio, extruding and granulating by a twin-screw extruder to obtain the high-gloss scratch-resistant and heat-resistant PMMA composite material.

As the preferred technical solution:

In the method described above, the extrusion temperature of the twin-screw extruder is 220-230° C., and the rotation speed is 350-400 rpm.

Beneficial Effects

(1) The present invention uses a copolymer as a toughening agent, presenting a core-shell structure, wherein the organosiloxane and acrylic rubber are the core of the toughening agent, which are used to improve the toughness and low-temperature resistance of the composite material; the glass transition temperature of the organosiloxane can reach -120°C, which can provide the composite material with excellent impact resistance and cold resistance; the copolymer of styrene and acrylonitrile is the shell of the toughening agent, which is used to provide compatibility with PMMA, and the acrylonitrile segment of the shell is similar to PMMA in structure and has good compatibility.

(2) The particle size of the toughening agent is controlled within the range of 80-120 nm in the present invention, which will not affect the glossiness of PMMA.

(3) The present invention uses MABS as a compatibilizer. The MMA segment of MABS has similar compatibility with PMMA; the AS segment of MABS also has good compatibility with the shell of the toughening agent and the heat-resistant agent.

(4) The prior art mostly uses copolymers of N-phenylmaleimide as heat-resistant agents because of their high heat-resistant efficiency and glass transition temperature generally above 170°C, which is quite different from the glass transition temperature of PMMA. Such heat-resistant agents are poorly dispersed in PMMA, and the heat-resistant agent particles exposed on the surface of the product make the surface of the product microscopically uneven, affecting the glossiness. The present invention uses a copolymer of α-methylstyrene and acrylonitrile as a heat-resistant agent. The side methyl groups on the main chain of the heat-resistant agent can inhibit the movement of the chain segments and increase the glass transition temperature of PMMA. In addition, the heat-resistant agent and PMMA have good compatibility and dispersibility and do not affect the glossiness of PMMA.

(5) The present invention uses EBS as a brightener. When the composite material is processed as a finished product, EBS precipitates on the surface of the product to fill the tiny gaps between the resin, toughening agent and heat-resistant agent to improve the glossiness of the product surface.

(6) The high-gloss scratch-resistant and heat-resistant PMMA composite material of the present invention is suitable for high-gloss spray-free interior parts, such as decorative strips, control panels, etc.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms fall within the scope limited by the appended claims of the application equally.

The following is the detection method of the relevant properties of the high-gloss scratch-resistant and heat-resistant PMMA composite materials prepared in each embodiment and comparative example:

The prepared composite material was dried in a blast oven at 90°C for more than 4 hours, and injection molded into standard specimens using an injection molding machine; the injection molded standard specimens were placed at a relative humidity of 50% and 23°C for at least 24 hours and then subjected to the following tests:

Tensile strength test method: refer to ISO 527-2:2012 method for testing, where the test sample is 1A type and the tensile speed is 50mm/min;

Testing method for flexural strength and flexural modulus: refer to ISO 178:2019 method for testing, where the test speed is 2mm/min;

Notched impact strength test method: refer to ISO 179-1/1eA-2010 method for testing, where the notch type is A-type notch and the pendulum energy is 2J;

Vicat temperature detection method: refer to ISO 306:2013 method for detection, where the load is 50N and the heating rate is 50℃/h.

Pencil hardness test method: refer to ISO 15184:2012 method for testing;

Gloss test method: refer to ASTM D523-2014 method for testing, the test angle is 60°.

Example 1

A method for preparing a high-gloss scratch-resistant and heat-resistant PMMA composite material, comprising the following steps:

(1) Preparation of raw materials;

PMMA: The manufacturer is Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. of Japan, the brand is VH001, and the melt index at 250℃ and 2.16kg is 2g/10min;

Toughening agent: The manufacturer is Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation of Japan, the brand is SX-006;

Compatibilizer: MABS, brand is Chi Mei Industrial Co., Ltd., Taiwan, China, brand number PA-758;

Heat resistant agent: copolymer of α-methylstyrene and acrylonitrile, brand is BASF of Germany, grade is HH-120;

Brightener: EBS (ethylene bis stearamide), brand is Kao of Japan, grade is EB-G;

Antioxidant: Brand is BASF of Germany, grade B215;

Anti-UV agent: The brand is BASF of Germany, the grade is UV-234;

(2) 50 parts of PMMA, 30 parts of toughening agent, 2 parts of compatibilizer, 20 parts of heat-resistant agent, 0.2 parts of brightener, 0.3 parts of UV agent and 0.4 parts of antioxidant were mixed uniformly by weight, and then extruded and granulated by a twin-screw extruder to obtain a high-gloss, scratch-resistant and heat-resistant PMMA composite material; wherein the speed of the twin-screw extruder is 400 rpm, and the extrusion temperatures of the first zone to the tenth zone are 220°C, 225°C, 230°C, 230°C, 230°C, 230°C, 230°C, 230°C, 225°C and 225°C respectively.

The final high gloss scratch-resistant heat-resistant PMMA composite material has a tensile strength of 55.1 MPa, a flexural strength of 68.8 MPa, a flexural modulus of 2175 MPa, a notched impact strength of 7.2 KJ/m ² , a Vicat temperature of 103.2° C., a pencil hardness of 2H, and a gloss of 110.

Comparative Example 1

A method for preparing a high-gloss scratch-resistant and heat-resistant PMMA composite material is basically the same as that in Example 1, except that the toughening agent in step (1) is produced by LG Chemical and its brand is EM500.

The final high gloss scratch-resistant heat-resistant PMMA composite material has a tensile strength of 53.7 MPa, a flexural strength of 67.1 MPa, a flexural modulus of 2130 MPa, a notched impact strength of 8.6 KJ/m ² , a Vicat temperature of 102.5°C, a pencil hardness of 1H, and a gloss of 96.

By comparing Comparative Example 1 with Example 1, it can be seen that since the core-shell material of the toughening agent used in Comparative Example 1 is methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene copolymer (styrene-butadiene rubber as the core, styrene and methyl methacrylate as the shell), and the particle size is about 300 nm, the glossiness of the PMMA composite material obtained will be reduced. This is because the toughening agent has a larger particle size, which will form an obvious uneven interface on the surface of the composite material, resulting in lower glossiness.

Comparative Example 2

A method for preparing a high-gloss scratch-resistant and heat-resistant PMMA composite material is basically the same as Example 1, except that no compatibilizer is prepared in step (1) and no compatibilizer is added in step (2).

The final high gloss scratch-resistant heat-resistant PMMA composite material has a tensile strength of 54.9 MPa, a flexural strength of 68.2 MPa, a flexural modulus of 2150 MPa, a notched impact strength of 6.2 KJ/m ² , a Vicat temperature of 103.3° C., a pencil hardness of 2H, and a gloss of 110.

By comparing Comparative Example 2 with Example 1, it can be seen that since no compatibilizer is added in Comparative Example 2, the comprehensive performance of the high-gloss scratch-resistant and heat-resistant PMMA composite material is reduced to a certain extent.

Comparative Example 3

A method for preparing a high-gloss scratch-resistant heat-resistant PMMA composite material is basically the same as that in Example 1, except that the brand of the heat-resistant agent in step (1) is Nippon Electric Chemical, with a grade of MS-NB.

The final high gloss scratch-resistant heat-resistant PMMA composite material has a tensile strength of 53.4 MPa, a flexural strength of 66.7 MPa, a flexural modulus of 2125 MPa, a notched impact strength of 6.5 KJ/m ² , a Vicat temperature of 108.1° C., a pencil hardness of 1H, and a gloss of 93.4.

By comparing Comparative Example 3 with Example 1, it can be seen that since the heat-resistant agent used in Comparative Example 3 is N-phenylmaleimide-styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, the glass transition temperature of this heat-resistant agent is as high as 190°C or more, and the heat-resistant effect is significantly improved, but the glossiness is significantly reduced, and the pencil hardness is also reduced to a certain extent. This is because the glass transition temperature of this heat-resistant agent is too different from the glass transition temperature of the PMMA substrate, and it is difficult to completely disperse the heat-resistant agent into the PMMA through a twin-screw extruder. The infusible heat-resistant agent aggregates form micro pits on the surface of the composite material, thereby reducing the glossiness of the prepared PMMA composite material and deteriorating the scratch resistance.

Example 2

A method for preparing a high-gloss scratch-resistant and heat-resistant PMMA composite material, comprising the following steps:

(1) Preparation of raw materials;

PMMA: The manufacturer is Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. of Japan, the brand is VH001, and the melt index at 250℃ and 2.16kg is 2g/10min;

Toughening agent: The manufacturer is Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation of Japan, the brand is SX-006;

Compatibilizer: MABS, brand is Chi Mei Industrial Co., Ltd., Taiwan, China, brand number PA-758;

Heat resistant agent: copolymer of α-methylstyrene and acrylonitrile, brand is BASF of Germany, grade is HH-120;

Brightener: EBS (ethylene bis stearamide), brand is Kao of Japan, grade is EB-G;

Antioxidant: Brand is BASF of Germany, grade B215;

(2) 70 parts of PMMA, 20 parts of toughening agent, 4 parts of compatibilizer, 10 parts of heat-resistant agent, 0.3 parts of brightener and 0.2 parts of antioxidant were mixed uniformly by weight, and then extruded and granulated by a twin-screw extruder to obtain a high-gloss, scratch-resistant and heat-resistant PMMA composite material; wherein the speed of the twin-screw extruder was 350 rpm, and the extrusion temperatures of the first zone to the tenth zone were 230°C, 223°C, 220°C, 220°C, 220°C, 220°C, 220°C, 220°C, 225°C and 225°C, respectively.

The final high gloss scratch-resistant heat-resistant PMMA composite material has a tensile strength of 53.3 MPa, a flexural strength of 76.1 MPa, a flexural modulus of 2380 MPa, a notched impact strength of 6.5 KJ/m ² , a Vicat temperature of 100° C., a pencil hardness of 3H, and a gloss of 112.

Example 3

A method for preparing a high-gloss scratch-resistant and heat-resistant PMMA composite material, comprising the following steps:

(1) Preparation of raw materials;

PMMA: The manufacturer is Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. of Japan, the brand is VH001, and the melt index at 250℃ and 2.16kg is 2g/10min;

Toughening agent: The manufacturer is Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation of Japan, the brand is SX-006;

Compatibilizer: MABS, brand is Chi Mei Industrial Co., Ltd., Taiwan, China, brand number PA-758;

Heat resistant agent: copolymer of α-methylstyrene and acrylonitrile, brand is BASF of Germany, grade is HH-120;

Brightener: EBS (ethylene bis stearamide), brand is Kao of Japan, grade is EB-G;

Anti-UV agent: The brand is BASF of Germany, the grade is UV-234;

(2) 60 parts of PMMA, 25 parts of toughening agent, 3 parts of compatibilizer, 15 parts of heat-resistant agent, 0.2 parts of brightener and 0.4 parts of UV agent were mixed uniformly by weight, and then extruded and granulated by a twin-screw extruder to obtain a high-gloss, scratch-resistant and heat-resistant PMMA composite material; wherein the speed of the twin-screw extruder was 360 rpm, and the extrusion temperatures of the first zone to the tenth zone were 225°C, 220°C, 225°C, 225°C, 225°C, 225°C, 225°C, 225°C, 230°C, and 230°C, respectively.

The final high gloss scratch-resistant heat-resistant PMMA composite material has a tensile strength of 54.2 MPa, a flexural strength of 75.9 MPa, a flexural modulus of 2390 MPa, a notched impact strength of 6.8 KJ/m ² , a Vicat temperature of 99.8°C, a pencil hardness of 2H, and a gloss of 112.

Example 4

A method for preparing a high-gloss scratch-resistant and heat-resistant PMMA composite material, comprising the following steps:

(1) Preparation of raw materials;

PMMA: The manufacturer is Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. of Japan, the brand is VH001, and the melt index at 250℃ and 2.16kg is 2g/10min;

Toughening agent: The manufacturer is Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation of Japan, the brand is SX-006;

Compatibilizer: MABS, brand is Chi Mei Industrial Co., Ltd., Taiwan, China, brand number PA-758;

Heat resistant agent: copolymer of α-methylstyrene and acrylonitrile, brand is BASF of Germany, grade is HH-120;

Brightener: EBS (ethylene bis stearamide), brand is Kao of Japan, grade is EB-G;

Antioxidant: Brand is BASF of Germany, grade B215;

Anti-UV agent: The brand is BASF of Germany, the grade is UV-234;

(2) 55 parts of PMMA, 30 parts of toughening agent, 2 parts of compatibilizer, 25 parts of heat-resistant agent, 0.4 parts of brightener, 0.2 parts of UV agent and 0.2 parts of antioxidant were mixed uniformly by weight, and then extruded and granulated by a twin-screw extruder to obtain a high-gloss, scratch-resistant and heat-resistant PMMA composite material; wherein the speed of the twin-screw extruder was 390 rpm, and the extrusion temperatures of the first zone to the tenth zone were 228°C, 230°C, 224°C, 224°C, 224°C, 224°C, 224°C, 224°C, 220°C, and 220°C, respectively.

The final high gloss scratch-resistant heat-resistant PMMA composite material has a tensile strength of 53.2 MPa, a flexural strength of 74.5 MPa, a flexural modulus of 2340 MPa, a notched impact strength of 8.9 KJ/m ² , a Vicat temperature of 100.1°C, a pencil hardness of 2H, and a gloss of 110.

Example 5

A method for preparing a high-gloss scratch-resistant and heat-resistant PMMA composite material, comprising the following steps:

(1) Preparation of raw materials;

PMMA: The manufacturer is Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. of Japan, the brand is VH001, and the melt index at 250℃ and 2.16kg is 2g/10min;

Toughening agent: The manufacturer is Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation of Japan, the brand is SX-006;

Compatibilizer: MABS, brand is Chi Mei Industrial Co., Ltd., Taiwan, China, brand number PA-758;

Heat resistant agent: copolymer of α-methylstyrene and acrylonitrile, brand is BASF of Germany, grade is HH-120;

Brightener: EBS (ethylene bis stearamide), brand is Kao of Japan, grade is EB-G;

Antioxidant: Brand is BASF of Germany, grade B215;

Anti-UV agent: The brand is BASF of Germany, the grade is UV-234;

(2) By weight, 40 parts of PMMA, 35 parts of toughening agent, 3 parts of compatibilizer, 30 parts of heat-resistant agent, 0.3 parts of brightener, 0.2 parts of UV agent and 0.3 parts of antioxidant were mixed uniformly, and then extruded and granulated by a twin-screw extruder to obtain a high-gloss, scratch-resistant and heat-resistant PMMA composite material; wherein the speed of the twin-screw extruder was 355 rpm, and the extrusion temperatures of the first zone to the tenth zone were 230°C, 227°C, 228°C, 228°C, 228°C, 228°C, 228°C, 228°C, 223°C, and 223°C, respectively.

The final high gloss scratch-resistant heat-resistant PMMA composite material has a tensile strength of 50.4 MPa, a flexural strength of 73.2 MPa, a flexural modulus of 2280 MPa, a notched impact strength of 9.1 KJ/m ² , a Vicat temperature of 106.2°C, a pencil hardness of 2H, and a gloss of 108.

Example 6

A method for preparing a high-gloss scratch-resistant and heat-resistant PMMA composite material, comprising the following steps:

(1) Preparation of raw materials;

PMMA: The manufacturer is Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. of Japan, the brand is VH001, and the melt index at 250℃ and 2.16kg is 2g/10min;

Toughening agent: The manufacturer is Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation of Japan, the brand is SX-006;

Compatibilizer: MABS, brand is Chi Mei Industrial Co., Ltd., Taiwan, China, brand number PA-758;

Heat resistant agent: copolymer of α-methylstyrene and acrylonitrile, brand is BASF of Germany, grade is HH-120;

Brightener: EBS (ethylene bis stearamide), brand is Kao of Japan, grade is EB-G;

Antioxidant: Brand is BASF of Germany, grade B215;

Anti-UV agent: The brand is BASF of Germany, the grade is UV-234;

(2) 40 parts of PMMA, 40 parts of toughening agent, 4 parts of compatibilizer, 20 parts of heat-resistant agent, 0.2 parts of brightener, 0.4 parts of UV agent and 0.4 parts of antioxidant were mixed uniformly by weight, and then extruded and granulated by a twin-screw extruder to obtain a high-gloss, scratch-resistant and heat-resistant PMMA composite material; wherein the speed of the twin-screw extruder was 370 rpm, and the extrusion temperatures of the first zone to the tenth zone were 224°C, 230°C, 223°C, 223°C, 223°C, 223°C, 223°C, 223°C, 228°C, and 228°C, respectively.

The final high gloss scratch-resistant heat-resistant PMMA composite material has a tensile strength of 47.6 MPa, a flexural strength of 68.2 MPa, a flexural modulus of 2180 MPa, a notched impact strength of 13.6 KJ/m ² , a Vicat temperature of 102.3°C, a pencil hardness of 2H, and a gloss of 107.

Claims (7)

1. A high-gloss scratch-resistant heat-resistant PMMA composite material, characterized in that, by weight, it comprises 40-60 parts of PMMA, 20-40 parts of toughening agent, 2-4 parts of compatibilizer, 10-30 parts of heat-resistant agent, 0.2-0.4 parts of brightener, 0-0.4 parts of anti-UV agent and 0-0.4 parts of antioxidant; The toughening agent has a core-shell structure, the outer shell is a copolymer of styrene and acrylonitrile, and the inner core is organic siloxane and acrylic rubber; the particle size of the toughening agent is 80-120nm; The compatibilizer is MABS; The heat-resistant agent is a copolymer of α-methylstyrene and acrylonitrile; The brightener is EBS. 2. A high-gloss, scratch-resistant and heat-resistant PMMA composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the melt index of PMMA at 250°C and 2.16 kg is 2-5 g/10 min. 3. The high-gloss scratch-resistant and heat-resistant PMMA composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the particle size of the toughening agent is between 80-120 nm. 4. The high-gloss scratch-resistant heat-resistant PMMA composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the glass transition temperature of the heat-resistant agent is between 120-140°C. 5. A high-gloss scratch-resistant heat-resistant PMMA composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the high-gloss scratch-resistant heat-resistant PMMA composite material has a tensile strength of 47.6-55.1 MPa, a flexural strength of 68.2-76.1 MPa, a flexural modulus of 2175-2390 MPa, a notched impact strength of 6.5-13.6 KJ/ ^m2 , a Vicat temperature of 99.8-106.2°C, a pencil hardness of 2-3H, and a glossiness of 107-112. 6. A method for preparing a high-gloss, scratch-resistant, and heat-resistant PMMA composite material as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the components are mixed according to a weight ratio and then extruded and granulated by a twin-screw extruder to obtain the high-gloss, scratch-resistant, and heat-resistant PMMA composite material. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the extrusion temperature of the twin-screw extruder is 220-230°C and the rotation speed is 350-400 rpm.