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CN117926008B - Method for extracting antimony and fixing sulfur by using blast furnace gas mud - Google Patents

Method for extracting antimony and fixing sulfur by using blast furnace gas mud

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Publication number
CN117926008B
CN117926008B CN202410103355.7A CN202410103355A CN117926008B CN 117926008 B CN117926008 B CN 117926008B CN 202410103355 A CN202410103355 A CN 202410103355A CN 117926008 B CN117926008 B CN 117926008B
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blast furnace
antimony
furnace gas
gas mud
stibium
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CN117926008A (en
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刘秉国
宇文超
周俊文
郭胜惠
张利波
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/001—Dry processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/11—Removing sulfur, phosphorus or arsenic other than by roasting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B30/00—Obtaining antimony, arsenic or bismuth
    • C22B30/02—Obtaining antimony
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for extracting antimony and fixing sulfur by using blast furnace gas mud, belonging to the technical field of nonferrous metallurgy smelting. The method comprises the steps of respectively carrying out crushing, grinding and sieving on stibium-containing stibium concentrate and blast furnace gas mud, uniformly mixing the stibium-containing concentrate and the blast furnace gas mud, then placing the mixture in a ceramic crucible and placing the ceramic crucible in the center of a cavity of a microwave reactor, blowing N 2 into the cavity of the microwave reactor, purging the cavity, starting a microwave source, heating a mixed material of the stibium-containing concentrate and the blast furnace gas mud to 650-900 ℃ at 10-30 ℃ per minute, preserving the heat for 40-120 min, closing the microwave source after the heat preservation is finished, skimming dross on the surface of the crucible to obtain sulfur-fixing slag, and pouring metal antimony into a grinding tool cast ingot to obtain metal coarse antimony. The invention utilizes the blast furnace gas mud to thermally reduce the stibium concentrate to extract antimony and synchronously fix sulfur, solves the problem of low-concentration sulfur dioxide smoke pollution in the pyrometallurgy process of the stibium concentrate, and simultaneously provides a new way for large-scale absorption of the blast furnace gas mud, thereby achieving the purpose of treating waste by waste.

Description

Method for extracting antimony and fixing sulfur by using blast furnace gas mud
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for extracting antimony and fixing sulfur by using blast furnace gas mud, belonging to the technical field of nonferrous metallurgy smelting.
Background
In the smelting method of the antimony-bearing ore oxygen-enriched molten pool provided by the prior art CN 108004421A, oxygen-enriched air is firstly blown into the molten pool, then antimony-bearing ore materials, red mud, lime and a reducing agent are mixed and then fed into the oxygen-enriched molten pool for reduction smelting, and antimony oxide with 86% of antimony is obtained. The invention has the advantages of strong raw material adaptability and low energy consumption, but the recovery of low-concentration sulfur dioxide for preparing acid is difficult. A production method of continuous antimony smelting by stibium-base-blowing molten pool smelting provided by the prior art CN101942575A takes stibium-base, iron ore, cobble and anthracite as raw materials, and is added into a base-blowing oxidation smelting furnace for melting and reacting after metering to produce flue gas and melt, and the melt enters an electrothermal front bed for sedimentation and separation to produce waste slag, antimony matte and precious antimony. The method has complex treatment procedures and is difficult to treat gold-containing materials. Luo Zheng mixing antimony concentrate with lime, granulating, naturally drying, adding the mixture, coke and flux into a blast furnace, drying, decomposing, volatilizing, oxidizing, slagging and other reactions of the materials in the furnace, introducing Sb into flue gas in the form of antimony oxide, and carrying out reduction smelting and refining to obtain metal Sb. The blast furnace volatilization smelting process has high raw material adaptability and high metal recovery rate, but has high smoke quantity, high coke consumption and high comprehensive energy consumption.
Liu Xiaowen provides a low-temperature sulfur-fixing clean antimony smelting process of a stibium-bearing Na 2CO3 -KCl molten salt system, aiming at the problems of high energy consumption, serious environmental pollution caused by low-concentration sulfur dioxide and the like of the conventional pyrometallurgy of antimony sulfide concentrate. Under the optimal process conditions, the direct yield of antimony is 91.3%, the grade of crude antimony is 92.4%, the sulfur fixation rate of slag is 74%, the sulfur fixation rate of molten salt is 21.7%, and the total sulfur fixation rate is 95.7%. Under the existence of Fe 2O3 and Na 2CO3, sb 2S3 can be quickly converted into Sb 2O3,Sb2O3 and continuously reduced into metal Sb by taking iron oxide waste residues as a sulfur-fixing agent, and the antimony extraction rate is up to 92.6% or more. 97.3% of sulfur is fixedly converted into sulfides such as iron sulfide, sulfate and the like, and the emission of SO 2 is reduced by 97.3%. The process for fixing sulfur by adding pure metal oxide can realize antimony smelting and sulfur fixing, but has high cost and poor economy.
Blast furnace gas sludge is a byproduct of blast furnace ironmaking, belongs to the large Zong Gong industrial solid waste, and generates about 20kg of blast furnace gas sludge per 1t of steel produced. Meanwhile, the stibium separated from the stibium concentrate is captured and solidified by the gas mud, so that synchronous sulfur fixation is realized, the problem of low-concentration sulfur dioxide smoke pollution in the pyrometallurgy process of the stibium concentrate is solved, and the aim of treating waste by waste is fulfilled.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for extracting antimony and fixing sulfur by using blast furnace gas mud, which aims at the defects of the prior art and comprises the following specific steps:
(1) And respectively drying, crushing, grinding and sieving the stibium concentrate and the blast furnace gas mud to obtain stibium concentrate powder and blast furnace gas mud powder for standby.
(2) Uniformly mixing the stibium concentrate powder obtained in the step (1) and blast furnace gas mud powder according to the mass ratio of 1:3-1:8, then placing the mixture in a ceramic crucible, and then placing the mixture in the center of a cavity of a microwave reactor.
(3) And starting an atmosphere control system, bubbling N 2 into the microwave cavity, and purging the cavity.
(4) And starting a microwave source, feeding microwave energy into the microwave cavity, heating and preserving the temperature of the mixed material of the stibium concentrate powder and the blast furnace gas mud powder.
(5) And after the heat preservation is finished, closing a microwave source, removing scum on the surface of the crucible to obtain sulfur-fixing slag, wherein the residual liquid in the crucible is metal antimony liquid, pouring the metal antimony liquid into a grinding tool ingot to obtain metal crude antimony, wherein the density of the metal antimony is higher than that of the slag, and naturally settling and separating the metal antimony and the slag.
Preferably, in the step (1), the drying temperature is 80 ℃, the drying time is 12 hours, and the mixture is ground and then sieved by a 80-mesh sieve.
Preferably, the ceramic crucible in the step (2) is made of SiO 2-MgO-Al2O3, and has a thermal expansion coefficient of 2.5X10- -6/°C under the condition that the dielectric constant is less than 3,20-1000 ℃.
Preferably, the ceramic crucible in the step (2) is wrapped with an aluminum silicate heat insulation material with the thickness of 3cm, and the dielectric constant of the aluminum silicate heat insulation material is smaller than 2.
Preferably, N 2 in the step (3) is blown into the microwave cavity at the flow rate of 0.5L/min, and the cavity is purged for 3-5min.
Preferably, in the step (4), the temperature of the mixture of the stibium concentrate powder and the blast furnace gas mud powder is raised to 650-900 ℃ according to 10-30 ℃ per minute, and the temperature is kept for 40-120 min.
The beneficial effects of the invention are that
(1) The invention realizes the carbothermic reduction of stibium concentrate to extract antimony and fix sulfur by using blast furnace gas mud, realizes synchronous sulfur fixation, and solves the problem of low-concentration sulfur dioxide smoke pollution in the pyrometallurgy process of stibium concentrate.
(2) The invention utilizes the blast furnace gas mud to assist the carbon thermal reduction of stibium concentrate and synchronously fix sulfur, thereby providing a new way for large-scale absorption of blast furnace gas mud and achieving the purpose of treating waste by waste.
(3) Compared with the conventional method, the production period is shortened by more than 60%, the production efficiency is improved by 3 times, and the sulfur fixation rate is high.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the description, and the operations in the examples, which are not specifically described, are all well known to those skilled in the art, and all reagents used are commercially available.
The ceramic crucible used in all examples is of SiO 2-MgO-Al2O3 material and has a dielectric constant of less than 3, and a thermal expansion coefficient of 2.5X10 -6/°C at 20-1000 ℃.
Example 1:
(1) Respectively drying the stibium concentrate containing 52% of stibium and the blast furnace gas mud at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, crushing, grinding and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain stibium concentrate powder and blast furnace gas mud powder for standby.
(2) Weighing 30g of the stibium concentrate powder obtained in the step (1), weighing 240g of the blast furnace gas mud powder obtained in the step (1), uniformly mixing the stibium concentrate powder and the blast furnace gas mud powder, then filling the mixture into a ceramic crucible, and then placing the mixture in the center of a cavity of a microwave reactor.
(3) And starting an atmosphere control system, blowing N 2 into the microwave cavity at the flow rate of 1.5L/min, and purging the cavity for 4min.
(4) Starting a microwave source, feeding 2kW of microwave energy into a microwave cavity, heating the mixed material of stibium concentrate powder and blast furnace gas mud powder to 650 ℃ according to 10 ℃ per minute, and preserving heat for 120 minutes.
(5) And closing the microwave source after heat preservation is finished, skimming scum on the surface of the crucible to obtain sulfur-fixing slag, wherein the residual liquid in the crucible is metal antimony liquid, and pouring the metal antimony liquid into a grinding tool to cast ingot to obtain metal crude antimony.
The obtained metal crude antimony and sulfur fixation slag are analyzed and characterized, the antimony content of the crude antimony is 97.6%, and the sulfur fixation of the sulfur fixation slag reaches 98.3%.
Example 2:
(1) And (3) drying the stibium concentrate containing 52% of stibium and the blast furnace gas mud at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, crushing, grinding, and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain stibium concentrate powder and blast furnace gas mud powder for later use.
(2) Weighing 35g of stibium concentrate, weighing 140g of the blast furnace gas mud powder obtained in the step (1), uniformly mixing the stibium concentrate powder and the blast furnace gas mud powder, then filling the mixture into a ceramic crucible, and then placing the mixture in the center of a cavity of a microwave reactor.
(3) And starting an atmosphere control system, blowing N 2 into the microwave cavity at the flow rate of 2L/min, and purging the cavity for 3min.
(4) And starting a microwave source, feeding 3kW of microwave energy into a microwave cavity, heating the mixed material of stibium concentrate and blast furnace gas mud to 800 ℃ according to 20 ℃ per minute, and preserving heat for 60 minutes.
(5) After the heat preservation is finished, the microwave source is closed, the scum on the surface of the crucible is skimmed to obtain sulfur-fixing slag, and the metal antimony is poured into a grinding tool to cast ingot to obtain metal crude antimony.
The obtained metal crude antimony and sulfur fixation slag are analyzed and characterized, the antimony content of the crude antimony is 98.2%, and the sulfur fixation of the sulfur fixation slag reaches 98.7%.
Example 3:
(1) And (3) drying the stibium concentrate containing 52% of stibium and the blast furnace gas mud at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, crushing, grinding, and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain stibium concentrate powder and blast furnace gas mud powder for later use.
(2) Weighing 40g of the stibium concentrate powder obtained in the step (1), weighing 120g of the blast furnace gas mud powder obtained in the step (1), uniformly mixing the stibium concentrate powder and the blast furnace gas mud powder, then filling the mixture into a ceramic crucible, and then placing the mixture in the center of a cavity of a microwave reactor.
(3) And starting an atmosphere control system, blowing N 2 into the microwave cavity at the flow rate of 3L/min, and purging the cavity for 5min.
(4) And starting a microwave source, feeding 4kW of microwave energy into a microwave cavity, heating the mixed material of stibium concentrate and blast furnace gas mud to 900 ℃ according to the temperature of 30 ℃ per minute, and preserving heat for 40 minutes.
(5) After the heat preservation is finished, the microwave source is closed, the scum on the surface of the crucible is skimmed to obtain sulfur-fixing slag, and the metal antimony is poured into a grinding tool to cast ingot to obtain metal crude antimony.
The obtained metal crude antimony and sulfur fixation slag are analyzed and characterized, the antimony content of the crude antimony is 98.8%, and the sulfur fixation of the sulfur fixation slag reaches 99.2%.
Comparative example 1
For comparison, the comparative example and the example 3 both adopt stibium concentrate containing 52% of antimony as raw materials, and the technological parameters, the heating rate, the reduction time and the heat preservation time period are the same as those in the example 3, except that the blast furnace gas mud is replaced by ferric oxide-coke combination, and the antimony content of crude antimony obtained in the comparative example is less than 95%, and the sulfur fixation rate is less than 96%.
Comparative example 2
For comparison, the comparative example and the example 3 both adopt stibium concentrate containing 52% of antimony as raw materials, and the technological parameters, the heating rate, the reduction time and the heat preservation time period are the same as those in the example 3, except that the blast furnace gas mud is replaced by zinc oxide-coke combination, and the antimony content of crude antimony obtained in the comparative example is less than 95%, and the sulfur fixation rate is less than 96%.
As can be seen from the comparison of the examples and the comparative examples, the use of blast furnace gas sludge is effective in improving the antimony content and sulfur fixation rate of crude antimony.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the use of the embodiments and the description, it is fully applicable to various new fields of application suitable for the present invention, and further modifications may be readily made by those skilled in the art, so that the present invention is not limited to the specific details without departing from the general concepts defined in the claims and the equivalents thereof.

Claims (6)

1.一种用高炉瓦斯泥提锑-固硫的方法，其特征在于：具体步骤如下：1. A method for antimony extraction and sulfur fixation using blast furnace gas sludge, characterized by the following specific steps: (1)分别将辉锑精矿和高炉瓦斯泥烘干、破碎、研磨、过筛，得到辉锑精矿粉末和高炉瓦斯泥粉末，备用；(1) Dry, crush, grind and sieve the antimony concentrate and blast furnace gas mud respectively to obtain antimony concentrate powder and blast furnace gas mud powder for later use. (2)将步骤(1)得到的辉锑精矿粉末和高炉瓦斯泥粉末按照质量比1：3～1：8均匀混合后盛装在陶瓷坩埚内，然后放置于微波反应器腔体中央；(2) Mix the antimony concentrate powder and blast furnace gas mud powder obtained in step (1) in a mass ratio of 1:3 to 1:8 and place them in a ceramic crucible, then place it in the center of the microwave reactor cavity. (3)开启气氛控制系统，将N2鼓入微波腔体内，吹扫腔体；(3) Turn on the atmosphere control system and blow N2 into the microwave cavity to purge the cavity; (4)开启微波源，将微波能馈入微波腔体内，辉锑精矿粉末和高炉瓦斯泥粉末混合物料升温并保温；(4) Turn on the microwave source and feed microwave energy into the microwave cavity to heat up and keep the mixture of antimony concentrate powder and blast furnace gas mud powder. (5)保温结束后关闭微波源，除去坩埚表面的浮渣，得到固硫渣；坩埚中剩余的液体为金属锑液，将金属锑液倒入磨具铸锭得到金属粗锑。(5) After the heat preservation is completed, turn off the microwave source, remove the slag on the surface of the crucible, and obtain solid sulfur slag; the remaining liquid in the crucible is antimony liquid, and pour the antimony liquid into the mold to cast ingot to obtain crude antimony. 2.根据权利要求1所述用高炉瓦斯泥提锑-固硫的方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)中烘干温度为80℃，烘干时间为12小时，研磨后过80目筛。2. The method for antimony extraction and sulfur fixation from blast furnace gas mud according to claim 1, characterized in that: the drying temperature in step (1) is 80°C, the drying time is 12 hours, and the material is passed through an 80-mesh sieve after grinding. 3.根据权利要求1所述用高炉瓦斯泥提锑-固硫的方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)中的陶瓷坩埚系SiO2-MgO-Al2O3材质，介电常数小于3，20-1000℃条件下热膨胀系数为2.5×10-6/℃。3. The method for antimony extraction and sulfur fixation using blast furnace gas mud according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ceramic crucible in step (2) is made of SiO2- MgO - Al2O3 material, with a dielectric constant of less than 3 and a thermal expansion coefficient of 2.5× 10-6 /℃ under 20-1000℃ conditions. 4.根据权利要求1所述用高炉瓦斯泥提锑-固硫的方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)中的陶瓷坩埚外包裹3cm厚的硅酸铝保温材料，硅酸铝保温材料介电常数小于2。4. The method for antimony extraction and sulfur fixation using blast furnace gas mud according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ceramic crucible in step (2) is wrapped with a 3cm thick aluminum silicate insulation material, and the dielectric constant of the aluminum silicate insulation material is less than 2. 5.根据权利要求1所述用高炉瓦斯泥提锑-固硫的方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)中N2按照1.5～3L/min流速鼓入微波腔体内，吹扫腔体3-5min。5. The method for antimony extraction and sulfur fixation using blast furnace gas mud according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step (3), N2 is blown into the microwave cavity at a flow rate of 1.5 to 3 L/min and the cavity is purged for 3 to 5 min. 6.根据权利要求1所述用高炉瓦斯泥提锑-固硫的方法，其特征在于：步骤(4)中辉锑精矿粉末和高炉瓦斯泥粉末混合物料按照10～30℃/min升温至650～900℃，保温40～120min。6. The method for antimony extraction and sulfur fixation using blast furnace gas mud according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step (4), the mixture of antimony concentrate powder and blast furnace gas mud powder is heated to 650-900℃ at a rate of 10-30℃/min and held for 40-120min.
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CN103074495A (en) * 2013-01-17 2013-05-01 昆明理工大学 Method for reclaiming zinc and iron by directly reducing blast furnace gas mud through microwave
CN110331279A (en) * 2019-07-12 2019-10-15 云南民族大学 A kind of microwave calcining stibnite concentrate directly volatilizees the method for recycling antimony oxide

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SU1129259A1 (en) * 1983-03-30 1984-12-15 Запорожский индустриальный институт Method for processing secondary lead raw material
CN112981117A (en) * 2021-01-29 2021-06-18 济源市万洋冶炼(集团)有限公司 Method for treating residual antimony-containing material after metal smelting
CN114480880B (en) * 2022-02-09 2023-03-21 云南民族大学 A kind of microwave direct reduction antimony oxygen powder prepares the method for metallic antimony
CN116623013A (en) * 2023-05-30 2023-08-22 广西科技师范学院 Method for low-temperature rapid smelting of antimony from low-antimony ore

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103074495A (en) * 2013-01-17 2013-05-01 昆明理工大学 Method for reclaiming zinc and iron by directly reducing blast furnace gas mud through microwave
CN110331279A (en) * 2019-07-12 2019-10-15 云南民族大学 A kind of microwave calcining stibnite concentrate directly volatilizees the method for recycling antimony oxide

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