CN1179000C - 高太阳能反射涂料组合物 - Google Patents
高太阳能反射涂料组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1179000C CN1179000C CNB01121306XA CN01121306A CN1179000C CN 1179000 C CN1179000 C CN 1179000C CN B01121306X A CNB01121306X A CN B01121306XA CN 01121306 A CN01121306 A CN 01121306A CN 1179000 C CN1179000 C CN 1179000C
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- Prior art keywords
- acid
- polymer
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- inorganic additives
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C09D133/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C09D133/062—Copolymers with monomers not covered by C09D133/06
- C09D133/064—Copolymers with monomers not covered by C09D133/06 containing anhydride, COOH or COOM groups, with M being metal or onium-cation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D201/00—Coating compositions based on unspecified macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/14—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing polymeric additives characterised by shape
- C08L2205/18—Spheres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C08L33/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
- C08L33/12—Homopolymers or copolymers of methyl methacrylate
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种抑制包含有机基料和至少一种无机添加剂的外用弹性体涂料组合物的太阳能反射率随着时间而损失的方法,包括:用Tg大于70℃的固体粒状有机聚合物替代所述至少一种无机添加剂的至少一部分。本发明还公开了一种改进的外弹性体涂料组合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及改进的弹性体外用涂料组合物,更具体地涉及具有改进的长期太阳能反射的弹性体外用涂料组合物。
背景技术
城市中产生的“都市热岛”效应不断受到认识和关注。对这种效应的一个主要贡献来自强烈吸收太阳能的黑色屋顶。通过在屋顶上放置白色涂层,可以明显降低屋顶的温度并极大地降低建筑物的冷却需求。显然,太阳能反射率越好,屋顶的反射寿命越长,对建筑物和社区拥有者的益处也就越大。
许多屋顶由沥青基或橡胶基材料制成,且这些材料随着时间而变质(即,白垩化、变脆、等)。通过降低所吸收的太阳能的量和屋顶的温度,可以减缓变质速率并因此延长屋顶的寿命。
通过使用高反射性屋顶涂层,建筑师和承包商可以降低在建筑物屋顶下所需的保温层的量。这表示显著的成本节约并已引入Georgia建筑准则中。但常规屋顶涂料组合物的太阳能反射率随着时间而下降,因此起始高太阳能反射率的益处减少。
美国专利5688853公开了水基耐污涂层。尤其是,提供了一种含水涂料组合物,包含低Tg聚合物水分散体与高Tg聚合物水分散体的共混物,特征在于:由不透明性度量的涂料组合物的PVC低于临界PVC,具有低Tg的聚合物分散体的Tg低于0℃,具有高Tg的聚合物分散体是不成膜的且Tg至少为35℃,且低Tg聚合物分散体与高Tg聚合物分散体的体积比为0.4∶1-1.4∶1。正如第6栏第50-64行所述:“低和高Tg分散体的相对比例对本发明的工作性能最为重要,因此我们要求低Tg聚合物分散体与高Tg聚合物分散体的体积比为0.4∶1-1.4∶1。当然,这是以非挥发分为基计算的。实际上,重量比与体积比之间通常存在小的差别。如果颗粒基于相同的单体,使用重量比更为方便,因为颗粒的密度基本上相同。在高于1.4∶1上限的比率下,油漆膜的耐污性变得不可接受地差。正如在稍后的对比例中所示,1.5∶1比率下的耐污性非常不好。在低于0.4∶1的比率下,膜性能如在低温下令人满意地凝结的能力受到不利影响。”
美国专利5731377公开了至少两种乳液聚合物的聚合物共混物,它可用作不含任何凝结剂的含水涂料组合物的基料,其中所述聚合物共混物包含约20-60%重量的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)大于约室温的硬乳液聚合物、和约80-40%重量的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)低于约15℃的软乳液聚合物。该聚合物共混物特别适用于制备可在低温下施用同时提供良好抗粘结性的含水涂料组合物,例如用于制备内部半光泽油漆。正如第4栏第66行至第5栏第14行所述:“软聚合物的Tg必须使得该聚合物能够在施用到基材上时成膜。软聚合物的Tg应该低至约-20℃至约室温(约+20℃)。优选地,软聚合物的Tg为约-5℃至约+10℃,最优选约0-5℃。硬聚合物需要存在于该共混物中以提供具有所需性能如硬度和抗粘结性的膜。硬聚合物的Tg应该大于室温,优选大于约25℃,最优选约25-65℃。”
美国专利5990228公开了包含至少两种聚合物组分的含水涂料组合物,它提供粘附性和改进的耐久性,表现为由该涂料组合物制成的干燥涂层具有改进的光泽保持率或耐积垢性。尤其是,含水涂料组合物包含一种由至少一种烯属不饱和单体制成的乳液聚合物,前提是该单体不是烯烃或二烯,该乳液聚合物具有:40-90%重量的Tg为0-60℃的第一聚合物、和10-60%重量的Tg为10-100℃的第二聚合物,前提是,第二聚合物的Tg至少比第一聚合物的Tg高10℃,而且第一聚合物的分子量高于第二聚合物,使得当两种聚合物混合时,5-40%重量的总聚合物的分子量大于225000且大于30%重量的总聚合物的分子量低于52000。
美国专利6020416公开了胶态分散的聚合物的含水共混物,可用于制备在环境温度下硬且韧性,且在远高于其成膜或干燥温度的温度下保持坚硬和弹性的有机涂层。尤其是,公开了高分子量热塑性聚合物的共混物,它们能够表现出这些机械性能而无需常规量的挥发性有机凝结助剂,也无需化学固化。更具体地说,公开了一种水分散体,包含分别为平均流体力学直径低于约1000纳米,优选低于约200纳米的胶态颗粒形式的聚合物组分的共混物,所述聚合物组分包含:第一聚合物组分,占总聚合物含量的约20-50%体积且测定的Tg大于或等于49℃;第二聚合物组分,占总聚合物含量的约20-50%体积且测定的Tg低于49℃且大于24℃;和第三聚合物组分,占总聚合物含量的0-约35%体积且测定的Tg低于24℃;所有三种聚合物组分的总和为100%体积;其中第一、第二和第三聚合物组分的分子量分别大于约80000道尔顿且相互粘连;且其中所述水分散体的挥发性有机含量低于总聚合物含量的约20%重量。
欧洲出版专利申请0761778A1公开了一种对由来自含水涂料的干燥膜进行光泽控制的方法。光泽的规定水平通过将硬胶乳聚合物颗粒加入软成膜聚合物胶乳颗粒而影响。通过调节硬颗粒的数量和相对粒径参数,可以实现所需的膜光泽。此外,公开了一种包含硬聚合物颗粒和软聚合物颗粒的含水涂料组合物,其中所述硬和软聚合物颗粒的粒径为30-1000纳米;其中所述硬颗粒的存在量为聚合物固体物质的1-60%重量,是非成膜的且Tg为35-160℃;且其中所述软颗粒的存在量为聚合物固体物质的40-99%重量,是成膜的且Tg为-30℃至+75℃,前提是,硬颗粒的Tg大于软颗粒的Tg。
美国专利4774291公开了一种通过在乳液态混合以下物质,然后从乳液聚合物中分离出聚合物而得到的聚合物组合物:(A)20-90%重量(聚合物的固体含量)的聚合物组分A的乳液,该聚合物组分A是乙烯基单体的聚合物且玻璃化转变温度大于20℃,凝胶含量不超过10%且溶解度参数为8.0-11.0(cal/cc)1/2,且基于聚苯乙烯的重均分子量至少为1.5×105;和(B)10-80%重量(聚合物的固体含量)的聚合物组分B的乳液,该聚合物组分B是丙烯酸酯单体的均聚物、丙烯酸酯单体的共聚物或丙烯酸酯单体与其它可共聚单体的共混物且玻璃化转变温度不超过20℃,凝胶含量不超过70%且溶解度参数为8.4-9.8(cal/cc)1/2。
欧洲出版专利申请0778296A1公开了耐污聚合物及其制造方法。这些聚合物是适用于外涂料,如弹性体墙涂料、填孔和屋顶涂料的含水乳液聚合物。这些聚合物在外部暴露时具有改进的抗积垢性,同时保持良好的粘附性和耐粘结性。尤其是,提供了一种含水乳液聚合物,包含作为聚合单元的以下物质:(a)50-99.8%重量的至少一种(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯,(b)0.2-20%重量的烷基苯乙烯,其中所述烷基在环上被取代,(c)0-10%重量的至少一种α,β-烯属不饱和一元或二元羧酸或其酸酐,和(d)0-49.8%重量的至少一种不同于(a)、(b)和(c)的α,β-烯属不饱和单体;其中所述乳液聚合物的Tg低于0℃。
美国专利4283320公开了一种在环境凝结温度下凝结成半光泽硬化的连续油漆膜的胶乳水分散体油漆组合物,所述胶乳油漆具有约30-70%重量的总固体含量且包含基于干燥固体物质体积的以下物质:55-70%的成膜胶乳基料,它具有约500-5000埃的主要重量部分的聚合物颗粒且玻璃化转变温度至少比凝结温度低约5℃,这样该基料颗粒凝结成基料基质,所述粘结颗粒是包含至少40%重量的聚合乙烯基不饱和单体的乙烯基共聚物;10-25%的固体、非多孔、非成膜聚合物颗粒,它的重均直径为约1000-5000埃且玻璃化转变温度高于所述基料的玻璃化转变温度约30℃,所述非成膜聚合物颗粒是包含0.2-2%选自丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的聚合酸单体的聚合烯属不饱和单体;5-20%的折射指数至少约1.8的不透明颜料;0-15%的非不透明颜料;且所述胶乳油漆的颜料体积含量(PVC)为约30-45%PVC但低于由不透明度度量的临界PVC。
美国专利5541239公开了一种用于形成基本上透明膜的液体清漆,基本上由能形成液体聚合物体系的透明清漆组成,其中悬浮有平均直径低于200μm的包含溶解紫外吸收剂的非交联透明聚合物颗粒。
Gozdan等人的“RopaqueOP-62不透明聚合物的外部耐久性”,树脂回顾(Rohm and Haas公司出版)卷XXXIX,№2,15-24页(1989)公开,暴露测试表明,添加RopaqueOP-62不透明聚合物的配制的胶乳外油漆具有基本上与用常规颜料配制的相应物基本上相同的耐久性。
Percival等人的“Ropaque不透明聚合物提高耐积垢性”,BrushStrokes(Rohm and Haas公司出版)卷V,№1,17-22页(1997)公开,使用Ropaque不透明聚合物遮盖添加剂可促进外胶乳油漆的耐积垢性。尤其是,研究表明,在包含足够添加粘度的不透明聚合物的油漆中,油漆膜的表明包含足够的添加剂颗粒以从较软的粘性基料树脂中粘连气载尘埃。
“用于弹性体屋顶涂料-RhoplexEC-1791 100%丙烯酸系的EC技术”,Brush Strokes(Rohm and Haas公司,1989年12月)公开,设计用于弹性体屋顶涂料的聚合物同时具有可弯曲的低Tg聚合物的内在柔韧性和对积垢的长期耐性。没有耐积垢性,屋顶涂料随着时间变暗。由于暗色物质往往吸热,积垢可显著提高屋顶的表面温度,后者又提高了内部温度和能量成本。但RhoplexEC基涂料据说耐积垢和保持其白色的反射外观。
发明内容
不过,本发明所解决的问题是外用弹性体涂料组合物,尤其是弹性体屋顶涂料组合物的太阳能反射率随着时间的必然损失。现已发现,太阳能反射率随着时间的损失可通过用Tg大于70℃的有机粒状聚合物替换至少一部分常用于外用弹性体涂料组合物中的无机添加剂而抑制。
在本发明的第一方面,提供了一种包含Tg低于-20℃的有机基料、和至少一种无机添加剂的改进的外用弹性体涂料组合物,其中所述改进包括用Tg大于70℃的固体粒状有机聚合物替换至少一部分无机添加剂。
在本发明的第二方面,提供了一种抑制外用弹性体涂料组合物的太阳能反射率随着时间损失的方法,所述组合物包含Tg低于-20℃的有机基料、和至少一种无机添加剂,该方法包括用Tg大于70℃的固体粒状有机聚合物替换至少一部分无机添加剂。通常,太阳能反射率的损失被抑制较长时间,如3-10年或更长。
具体实施方式
可用于本发明的水不溶性胶乳聚合物的水分散体通过乳液聚合反应来制备。乳液聚合反应是本领域熟知的,且讨论于D.C.Blackley的
乳液聚合反应(Wiley,1975)。任何能够产生可分散在水中的水不溶性聚合物胶乳的单体混合物都可用于制备本发明组合物的胶乳聚合物。例如,可以使用本身作为单体具有适当水溶性的乙酸乙烯酯,因为乙酸乙烯酯的均聚物是水不溶性的。丙烯酸系单体如丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸的烷基酯是优选的。可用于制备本发明胶乳聚合物的丙烯酸系单体的例子包括丙烯酸的C1-18烷基酯和甲基丙烯酸的C1-18烷基酯,如甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸正辛酯、丙烯酸仲丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯和丙烯酸环丙酯。
少量的具有适当水溶性的α,β-烯属不饱和单体,如丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、衣康酸、柠康酸、苯乙烯磺酸钠、丙烯酰胺和甲基丙烯酰胺也可用于制备在本发明组合物中使用的乳液聚合物。本领域熟知,这些水溶性单体与水不溶性单体的共聚反应通常赋予所得共聚物以所需性能,如长期胶乳稳定性、分散性、增加的与特定基材的粘附性、等。可用于制备在本发明中使用的乳液的酸性单体是α,β-烯属不饱和酸,如马来酸、富马酸、乌头酸、巴豆酸、柠康酸、丙烯酰氧基丙酸、以及丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸和衣康酸的高级低聚物。可共聚形成本发明水不溶性加成聚合物的酸性单烯属不饱和单体的其它例子是不饱和脂族二羧酸的部分酯,尤其是这些酸的烷基半酯。这些部分酯的例子为衣康酸、富马酸和马来酸的烷基半酯,其中烷基包含1-6个碳原子。这类化合物的代表性例子包括酸性衣康酸甲酯、酸性衣康酸丁酯、酸性富马酸乙酯、酸性富马酸丁酯和酸性马来酸甲酯。
可用于本发明的乳液聚合物可包含α,β-烯属不饱和芳族单体,如苯乙烯、乙烯基甲苯、2-溴苯乙烯、邻溴苯乙烯、对-氯苯乙烯、邻-甲氧基苯乙烯、对-甲氧基苯乙烯、烯丙基苯基醚、烯丙基甲苯基醚和α-甲基苯乙烯。
可用于本发明的乳液聚合物可包含极性或可极化的非离子型亲水单体,包括腈如丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈、顺-和反-巴豆腈、α-氰基苯乙烯、和α-氯丙烯腈;乙烯基醚如乙基乙烯基醚、异丙基乙烯基醚、异丁基乙烯基醚、丁基乙烯基醚、二甘醇乙烯基醚和癸基乙烯基醚;(甲基)丙烯酸羟烷基酯如甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙基酯、丙烯酸2-羟乙基酯、甲基丙烯酸3-羟丙基酯、丙烯酸丁二醇酯、丙烯酸3-氯-2-羟丙基酯、丙烯酸2-羟丙基酯、和甲基丙烯酸2-羟丙基酯;以及乙烯基硫醇如甲基丙烯酸2-巯基丙基酯、甲基丙烯酸2-磺基乙酯、甲基乙烯基硫醚和丙基乙烯基硫醚。
可用于本发明的乳液聚合物可包含单体乙烯基酯,其中所述酯的酸部分选自芳族和C1-18脂族酸。这些酸的例子包括甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、正丁酸、正戊酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、苯基乙酸、苯甲酸、氯乙酸、二氯乙酸、γ-氯丁酸、4-氯苯甲酸、2,5-二甲基苯甲酸、邻甲苯甲酸、2,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酸、环丁烷甲酸、环己烷甲酸、1-(对-甲氧基苯基)环己烷甲酸、1-(对-甲苯基)环戊烷甲酸、己酸、豆蔻酸和对甲苯甲酸。
单体混合物还可包括多官能单体如甲基丙烯酸烯丙基酯、二乙烯基苯、二甲基丙烯酸二甘醇酯、二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯、二甲基丙烯酸1,6-己二醇酯、二甲基丙烯酸1,3-丁二醇酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、邻苯二甲酸二烯丙基酯和类似物。
可以使用常规的乳液聚合反应技术来制备用于本发明组合物的聚合物。即,单体可用阴离子或非离子分散剂来乳化,其用量可以是基于单体总重的约0.1-10%。酸性单体是水溶性的并因此用作分散剂以帮助乳化所用的其它单体。自由基型聚合反应引发剂,如过硫酸铵、钠或钾可单独或与加速剂,如偏亚硫酸氢钾或硫代硫酸钠结合使用。通常称作催化剂的引发剂和加速剂的使用比例可分别为基于所要聚合的单体的总重的0.02-2%。可以使用热和氧化还原方法。聚合反应温度可以是室温至90℃或更高,这是常规的。可以使用间歇、逐步加料、连续和多步工艺。
适合本发明乳液的聚合反应工艺的乳化剂的例子包括烷基-芳基-、烷芳基-和芳烷基-磺酸、硫酸和聚醚硫酸的碱金属和铵盐;相应的磷酸盐和膦酸盐;烷氧基化脂肪酸、酯、醇、胺和酰胺;和烷基酚。也可使用可聚合表面活性剂,如磺基琥珀酸烷基酯的钠盐或磺基琥珀酸二钠。
通常在聚合反应混合物中需要包括硫醇、多硫醇和多卤素化合物的链转移剂以控制聚合物分子量。
在本说明书和权利要求书中使用的语句“玻璃化转变温度”或“Tg”是指这样一种温度,玻璃状聚合物在该温度或高于该温度时经历聚合物链的链段运动,它是聚合物硬度的一种常规判据(Flory的“聚合物化学原理”,56和57页,Cornell大学出版社(1953);“聚合物手册”,Brandrup and Immergut,第III章,61-63页,Interscience(1966))。本文所用的Tg可由Fox等式(Bull.Am.Phys.Soc.1,3,123页(1965))计算如下:
(1/Tg)=(w(1)/Tg(1))+(w(2)/Tg(2))
对于共聚物,w(1)和w(2)分别是指两种共聚单体的重量分数,且Tg(1)和Tg(2)是指两种相应均聚物的玻璃化转变温度(开尔文,°K)。(注:Tg(℃)=Tg(°K)-273.15)对于包含三种或更多单体的聚合物,添加附加项w(n)/Tg(n)。可进行这种计算的均聚物的例子及其内在Tg如下:
均聚物 Tg
丙烯酸正辛酯 -80℃
甲基丙烯酸正癸酯 -60℃
丙烯酸2-乙基己酯 -70℃
丙烯酸正丁酯 -56℃
甲基丙烯酸辛酯 -20℃
甲基丙烯酸正十四烷基酯 -9℃
丙烯酸甲酯 9℃
丙烯酸正十四烷基酯 20℃
丙烯酸叔丁基酯 43℃
甲基丙烯酸甲酯 105℃
丙烯酸 106℃
苯乙烯 100℃
甲基丙烯酸 185℃
这些或其它单体共混得到所需Tg的共聚物。
本发明的有机基料的特征在于Tg低于-20℃,优选低于-30℃,最优选低于-30℃,例如-40℃。
有机基料的粒径并不重要,但通常为50-1300纳米,例如100-1000纳米。
优选地,有机基料聚合物包含主要比例(超过50%)的至少一种丙烯酸与包含1-4个碳原子的烷醇的酯的单元、和少量比例(低于50%)的一种或多种甲基丙烯酸与包含1-4个碳原子的烷醇的酯、丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈、丙烯酸、和甲基丙烯酸的单元。
合适的有机基料可购自许多销售商。优选的是RHOPLEX EC-1791(Rohm and Haas公司,Philadelphia,PA)。
另一方面,本发明的固体粒状有机聚合物的特征在于Tg大于70℃,优选大于80℃,更优选大于90℃,最优选大于100℃,例如120℃。本发明的固体粒状有机聚合物通过以上在有机基料时公开的相同方法来制备,只要合适选择单体以获得所需的Tg。作为优选单体,可以提及甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯腈和苯乙烯。此外,固体粒状有机聚合物还可通过本领域的常规方法将具有合适Tg的有机聚合物粉碎而制成。
本发明固体粒状有机聚合物的粒径也并不重要,但通常为50-1300纳米,例如100-1000纳米。
在本说明书和权利要求书中使用的语句“无机添加剂”是指用于产生美学和功能品质的无机材料,如金红石和锐钛矿二氧化钛之类的颜料、以及可用于填充组合物的无机材料,如碳酸钙之类的填料。
无机添加剂的存在量传统上为该组合物中总固体物质的10-90%重量,这取决于所需的稠度、增稠剂的存在与否、所用溶剂的量和特性、等等。合适的无机添加剂包括,例如金红石和锐钛矿二氧化钛、方解石、石灰石、云母、滑石、石棉纤维或粉末、硅藻土、重晶石、矾土、板岩粉、硅酸钙、粘土、胶态硅石、碳酸镁、硅酸镁、氧化锌、等等。
用于本发明组合物的无机添加剂可使用高速分散设备,如Cowles分散器分散。阴离子分散剂如聚丙烯酸盐或聚磷酸盐可用作分散助剂以稳定分散体。丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸与丙烯酸低级烷基酯的共聚物是优选的分散剂。可以使用三聚磷酸钾或其它种类的“缩合”磷酸盐,即,其中H2O与P2O5比率低于3∶1的脱水聚合正磷酸盐。可以使用磺化聚合物,包括萘-甲醛磺化缩聚物、聚马来酸盐、天然产物衍生的分散剂如单宁、木质素、藻酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐、糖苷和有机膦酸盐,包括亚甲基膦酸盐。可以使用的分散剂的特定种类和数量可取决于所选的无机添加剂种类和等级,且某些颜料如二氧化钛的特定等级可以预分散形式购得。分散剂的用量取决于每单位体积的组合物所用无机添加剂的表面积。本领域熟练技术人员容易通过常规技术确定该量。
本发明的组合物可根据需要使用常规的涂料增稠剂来增稠。例如,可以使用纤维素类增稠剂如甲基纤维素和羟乙基纤维素。可以使用其它种类的增稠剂和流变改性剂,如缔合性憎水碱可溶溶液。增稠剂的用量取决于所要制备的涂料的种类、组合物的颜料/基料比率、所用增稠剂的种类和等级、所用的施用技术、等。
本发明组合物还可包括常规的涂料成分,如防腐剂、抗微生物剂、杀霉剂、抗凝剂、凝结剂、消泡剂、着色剂、染料、助溶剂、增塑剂、UV稳定剂和粘附促进剂。
按照本发明,Tg大于70℃的固体粒状有机聚合物替代至少一部分的常见于外用弹性体涂料组合物中的无机添加剂。优选地,外用弹性体涂料组合物的PVC值保持在恒定值。由于固体粒状有机聚合物被认为是涂料体积的非成膜“颜料/增量剂”部分的一部分,如此保持恒定PVC意味着,在极大程度上,涂料的柔韧性和其它取决于基料的性能保持不变。
(颜料体积浓度(PVC)定义如下:
PVC=((Vp+Ve)/(Vp+Ve+Vb))×100
其中Vp=颜料的体积
Vb=基料的体积
Ve=增量剂的体积
基本上,PVC是颜料和增量剂体积与涂料配方的总固体物质体积的比率。)
在一个优选实施方案中,使用Tg大于70℃的固体粒状有机聚合物替代外用弹性体涂料组合物中的无机添加剂,使得有机基料与Tg大于70℃的固体粒状有机聚合物的体积比为1.6∶1-95∶1,优选1.6∶1-25∶1,更优选1.6∶1-9∶1,最优选1.6∶1-4∶1。
实施例
含水丙烯酸系聚合物胶乳1和2按照常规的乳液聚合反应技术来制备。胶乳的物理性能在表1中给出。
表1
| 性能 | 胶乳1 | 胶乳2 |
| 固体含量(%重量) | 56.4 | 35.7 |
| 粒径(纳米) | 350 | 350 |
| 聚合物组成(重量份)丙烯酸丁酯甲基丙烯酸甲酯甲基丙烯酸 | 8512.351.65 | --982 |
| 玻璃化转变温度(Tg) | -40℃ | 106℃ |
胶乳共混物1和2由胶乳1和2形成,在表2中给出。
表2
| 材料 | 胶乳共混物1 | 胶乳共混物2 |
| 胶乳1(磅) | 428.60 | 401.90 |
| 胶乳2(磅) | 87.20 | 164.10 |
| 总计(磅) | 515.80 | 566.00 |
制备实施例1
常规的弹性体屋顶涂料配方如表3制备。
表3
| 材料 | 材料种类 | 磅数 | 加仑数 | 含量 |
| 水 | 溶剂 | 164.20 | 19.67 | |
| Tamol 850(1) | 分散剂 | 4.80 | 0.48 | |
| KTPP(2) | 分散剂 | 1.43 | 0.09 | |
| Nopco NXZ(3) | 消泡剂 | 3.80 | 0.50 | |
| Duramite(4) | 增量剂 | 422.10 | 18.71 | 36.46%PVC |
| 氧化锌 | 颜料/抗霉剂 | 46.90 | 1.01 | 1.97%PVC |
| Ti-Pure R-960(5) | 颜料 | 70.40 | 2.18 | 4.24%PVC |
| 乙二醇 | 溶剂 | 24.40 | 2.62 | |
| Natrosol 250MR(6) | 增稠剂 | 4.20 | 0.39 | |
| 胶乳1 | 458.80 | 53.32 | ||
| Texanol(7) | 凝结剂 | 7.00 | 0.88 | |
| Skane M-8(8) | 杀虫剂 | 2.10 | 0.24 | |
| 氨(9) | 碱 | 1.00 | 0.13 | |
| 总计 | 1211.13 | 100.22 | 42.67%PVC |
(1)在水中的聚合羧酸铵盐(35%)(Rohm and Haas公司,Philadelphia,PA)。
(2)三聚磷酸钾
(3)石油衍生物(Diamond Shamrock Corporation,Morristown,NJ)
(4)碳酸钙(Thompson-Weiman & Co.,Cartersville,GA)
(5)金红石二氧化钛(E.I.du Pont de Nemours & Co.,Inc.,Wilmington,DE)
(6)羟乙基纤维素(Hercules,Inc.,Wilmington,DE)
(7)Eastman Kodak,Rochester,NY
(8)Rohm and Haas公司,Philadelphia,PA
(9)28%的氨水溶液
制备实施例2
弹性体屋顶涂料配方如表4制备。
表4
| 材料 | 材料种类 | 磅数 | 加仑数 | 含量 |
| 水 | 溶剂 | 183.40 | 18.38 | |
| Tamol 850(1) | 分散剂 | 14.50 | 0.45 | |
| KTPP(2) | 分散剂 | 1.36 | 0.08 | |
| Nopco NXZ(3) | 消泡剂 | 3.60 | 0.48 | |
| Duramite(4) | 增量剂 | 315.50 | 13.98 | 29.18%PVC |
| 氧化锌 | 颜料/抗霉剂 | 43.70 | 0.94 | 1.96%PVC |
| Ti-Pure R-960(5) | 颜料 | 65.70 | 2.03 | 4.24%PVC |
| 乙二醇 | 溶剂 | 22.80 | 2.45 | |
| Natrosol 250MR(6) | 增稠剂 | 3.90 | 0.36 | |
| 胶乳共混物1 | 515.80 | 59.89 | 7.27%PVC(a) | |
| Texanol(7) | 凝结剂 | 6.50 | 0.82 | |
| Skane M-8(8) | 杀虫剂 | 2.00 | 0.23 | |
| 氨(9) | 碱 | 0.90 | 0.12 | |
| 总计 | 1139.66 | 100.21 | 42.65%PVC |
(1)在水中的聚合羧酸铵盐(35%)(Rohm and Haas公司,Philadelphia,PA)。
(2)三聚磷酸钾
(3)石油衍生物(Diamond Shamrock Corporation,Morristown,NJ)
(4)碳酸钙(Thompson-Weiman & Co.,Cartersville,GA)
(5)金红石二氧化钛(E.I.du Pont de Nemours &Co.,Inc.,Wilmington,DE)
(6)羟乙基纤维素(Hercules,Inc.,Wilmington,DE)
(7)Eastman Kodak,Rochester,NY
(8)Rohm and Haas公司,Philadelphia,PA
(9)28%的氨水溶液
(a)注:Tg大于70℃的固体粒状有机聚合物替代无机材料。
制备实施例3
弹性体屋顶涂料配方如表5制备。
表5
| 材料 | 材料种类 | 磅数 | 加仑数 | 含量 |
| 水 | 溶剂 | 143.80 | 17.23 | |
| Tamol 850(1) | 分散剂 | 4.20 | 0.42 | |
| KTPP(2) | 分散剂 | 1.26 | 0.08 | |
| Nopco NXZ(3) | 消泡剂 | 3.50 | 0.46 | |
| Duramite(4) | 增量剂 | 221.60 | 9.82 | 21.86%PVC |
| 氧化锌 | 颜料/抗霉剂 | 41.00 | 0.88 | 1.97%PVC |
| Ti-Pure R-960(5) | 颜料 | 61.70 | 1.91 | 4.24%PVC |
| 乙二醇 | 溶剂 | 21.40 | 2.30 | |
| Natrosol 250MR(6) | 增稠剂 | 3.70 | 0.34 | |
| 胶乳共混物2 | 566.00 | 65.67 | 14.58%PVC(a) | |
| Texanol(7) | 凝结剂 | 6.10 | 0.77 | |
| Skane M-8(8) | 杀虫剂 | 1.80 | 0.21 | |
| 氨(9) | 碱 | 0.90 | 0.12 | |
| 总计 | 1076.96 | 100.21 | 42.65%PVC |
(1)在水中的聚合羧酸铵盐(35%)(Rohm and Haas公司,Philadelphia,PA)。
(2)三聚磷酸钾
(3)石油衍生物(Diamond Shamrock Corporation,Morristown,NJ)
(4)碳酸钙(Thompson-Weiman & Co.,Cartersville,GA)
(5)金红石二氧化钛(E.I.du Pont de Nemours &Co.,Inc.,Wilmington,DE)
(6)羟乙基纤维素(Hercules,Inc.,Wilmington,DE)
(7)Eastman Kodak,Rochester,NY
(8)Rohm and Haas公司,Philadelphia,PA
(9)28%的氨水溶液
(a)注:Tg大于70℃的固体粒状有机聚合物替代无机材料。
制备实施例1(PE1)、制备实施例2(PE2)、和制备实施例3(PE3)的弹性体屋顶涂料配方的干燥膜涂层物理性能(体积计)在表6中给出。
表6
性能 PE1 PE2 PE3
体积浓度(%)
无机材料
金红石TiO2 4.24 4.24 4.24
氧化锌 1.97 1.96 1.97
碳酸钙 36.46 29.18 21.86
总无机物 42.67 35.38 28.07
有机材料
胶乳1 57.33 57.35 57.35
胶乳2(Tg大于70℃) 7.27 14.58
总有机物 57.33 64.62 71.93
总PVC(%) 42.67 42.65 42.65
总体积浓度(%) 100.00 100.00 100.00
暴露实施例
特氟隆涂覆铝板分别用制备实施例1(PE1)、制备实施例2(PE2)、和制备实施例3(PE3)的弹性体屋顶涂料配方进行涂覆。膜的延伸值(draw-down)为约40湿密耳。如此涂覆的板在水平正面位置上暴露于Spring House,PA和Philadelphia,PA。反射值在暴露过程中测量,结果在表7(对于在Spring House,PA的暴露)和表8(对于在Philadelphia,PA的暴露)中给出。
表7
暴露时间(月) 反射率(1) 太阳能反射率(2)
PE1 PE2 PE3 PE1 PE2 PE3
0 93 93 93 0.87 0.87 0.87
18 57 66.8 74.9 0.48 0.58 0.66
24 52.2 67.3 75.5 0.43 0.58 0.67
30 50.5 64.6 77.3 0.41 0.55 0.69
36 47.9 57.8 72 0.39 0.48 0.63
48 35.5 41.5 47.9 0.28 0.33 0.39
60 47.2 53.3 57.8 0.38 0.44 0.48
72 46.5 50.7 56.1 0.38 0.42 0.47
84 43.5 44.3 53 0.35 0.36 0.44
96 45 41.3 51.1 0.36 0.33 0.42
108 45.4 42.7 51.9 0.37 0.34 0.43
(1)扩散可见反射率(%)用便携式Gardner Colorgard II 45°/0°反射仪来测定。
(2)种类上类似于所暴露板的白色至灰色板的校正组用太阳能光谱反射仪SSR-ER型(Devices & Services Co.)测定得到太阳能反射值(SR)和用Gardner Colorgard II 45°/0°反射仪测定得到扩散可见反射值(V)。对于这些种类的涂料,估算可见扩散反射值(V)和太阳能反射值(SR)之间的关系,非常可靠地由以下等式给出:
SR=0.0116097+0.0065362V+0.0000286V2
表8
暴露时间(月) 反射率(1) 太阳能反射率(2)
PE1 PE2 PE3 PE1 PE2 PE3
0 93 93 93 0.87 0.87 0.87
18 37.6 51 63.5 0.30 0.42 0.54
24 38.2 52.9 63.8 0.30 0.44 0.55
30 41.9 55.5 65.7 0.34 0.46 0.56
36 40.2 56 65.8 0.32 0.47 0.57
48 40.2 53.1 59.8 0.32 0.44 0.50
60 46.7 55.1 62.1 0.38 0.46 0.53
72 44.9 51.6 57.3 0.36 0.43 0.48
(1)扩散可见反射率(%)用便携式Gardner Colorgard II 45°/0°反射仪来测定。
(2)种类上类似于所暴露板的白色至灰色板的校正组用太阳能光谱反射仪SSR-ER型(Devices & Services Co.)测定得到太阳能反射值(SR)和用Gardner Colorgard II 45°/0°反射仪测定得到扩散可见反射值(V)。对于这些种类的涂料,估算可见扩散反射值(V)和太阳能反射值(SR)之间的关系,非常可靠地由以下等式给出:
SR=0.0116097+0.0065362V+0.0000286V2
Claims (6)
1.一种改进的外用弹性体涂料组合物,包含Tg低于-20℃的有机基料和至少一种无机添加剂,其中所述改进包括用Tg大于70℃的固体粒状有机聚合物替代所述至少一种无机添加剂的至少一部分,其中,所述组合物中所述有机基料与Tg大于70℃的所述固体粒状有机聚合物的体积比为1.6∶1-95∶1。
2.根据权利要求1的改进的弹性体涂料组合物,其中所述至少一种无机添加剂选自颜料、增量剂及其混合物。
3.根据权利要求1的改进的弹性体涂料组合物,其中所述有机基料与Tg大于70℃的所述固体粒状有机聚合物的体积比为1.6∶1-9∶1。
4.一种抑制外用弹性体涂料组合物的太阳能反射率随着时间而损失的方法,所述组合物包含Tg低于-20℃的有机基料和至少一种无机添加剂,该方法包括用Tg大于70℃的固体粒状有机聚合物替代所述至少一种无机添加剂的至少一部分,其中,所述组合物中所述有机基料与Tg大于70℃的所述固体粒状有机聚合物的体积比为1.6∶1-95∶1。
5.根据权利要求4的方法,其中所述至少一种无机添加剂选自颜料、增量剂及其混合物。
6.根据权利要求4的方法,其中所述有机基料与Tg大于70℃的所述固体粒状有机聚合物的体积比为1.6∶1-9∶1。
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| US5990228A (en) | 1998-01-22 | 1999-11-23 | Eichman; Henry Jude | Coating compositions |
-
2001
- 2001-05-01 US US09/846,131 patent/US6815010B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-18 EP EP01304425A patent/EP1160299A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-05-24 MX MXPA01005220A patent/MXPA01005220A/es unknown
- 2001-05-30 BR BR0102196-6A patent/BR0102196A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-05-31 CN CNB01121306XA patent/CN1179000C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MXPA01005220A (es) | 2002-08-06 |
| BR0102196A (pt) | 2002-02-13 |
| CN1334298A (zh) | 2002-02-06 |
| US20020103283A1 (en) | 2002-08-01 |
| EP1160299A1 (en) | 2001-12-05 |
| US6815010B2 (en) | 2004-11-09 |
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