CN117860814A - Traditional Chinese medicine drink formula for reducing blood sugar and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Traditional Chinese medicine drink formula for reducing blood sugar and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229960005322 streptomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及中药制备领域，尤其涉及一种降血糖的中药饮配方及其制备方法，包括：自黄芪原料中提取黄芪多糖浓缩粉；将川芎、茯苓以及白芍混合进行润透、冷冻干燥及粉碎以获取第一固体混合物；将苦瓜、蒲公英、甘草、山楂进行低温高压膨化处理并进行机械破壁得到第二固体混合物；将黄芪多糖浓缩粉与第一固体混合物混合，加入阿胶，煎煮得到第三混合物，向第三混合物中加入第二固体混合物并煎煮3～5min以得到第四混合物，第四混合物冷却至室温后采用微波干燥对第四混合物进行干燥处理，并将干燥后的第四混合物进行粉碎，获取降血糖的中药饮颗粒；本发明将各组原材料分别混合且分别进行处理，能够促进有效成分相互结合，提高药效。
The invention relates to the field of Chinese medicine preparation, and in particular to a Chinese medicine drink formula for lowering blood sugar and a preparation method thereof, comprising: extracting astragalus polysaccharide concentrated powder from astragalus raw materials; mixing chuanxiong, poria cocos and white peony root, moistening, freeze-drying and crushing to obtain a first solid mixture; subjecting bitter melon, dandelion, licorice and hawthorn to low-temperature and high-pressure puffing treatment and mechanical wall breaking to obtain a second solid mixture; mixing the astragalus polysaccharide concentrated powder with the first solid mixture, adding donkey-hide gelatin, decocting to obtain a third mixture, adding the second solid mixture to the third mixture and decocting for 3 to 5 minutes to obtain a fourth mixture, drying the fourth mixture by microwave drying after cooling the fourth mixture to room temperature, and crushing the dried fourth mixture to obtain Chinese medicine drink granules for lowering blood sugar; the invention mixes and processes each group of raw materials separately, which can promote the mutual combination of effective ingredients and improve the efficacy.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及中药制备领域，尤其涉及一种降血糖的中药饮配方及其制备方法。The invention relates to the field of Chinese medicine preparation, and in particular to a Chinese medicine drink formula for lowering blood sugar and a preparation method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
中医认为，糖尿病是由于脾胃失调、气滞血瘀、阴虚阳亢等因素导致的代谢紊乱和内分泌失调。因此，中医治疗糖尿病注重调整脾胃气血功能、促进血液循环、调节内分泌等方面。中草药药理学研究了中草药的化学成分及其在机体内的药理作用，揭示了中草药降血糖作用的机制。例如，桑叶、苦瓜、黄芪等中草药通过激活GLUT4蛋白、抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶等途径，降低血糖浓度，缓解糖尿病症状。降血糖中药饮配方的设计需要考虑材料选用、配比搭配、药效互补等因素，确保药方的安全、有效和可控。TCM believes that diabetes is caused by metabolic disorders and endocrine disorders due to spleen and stomach disorders, qi stagnation and blood stasis, yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity. Therefore, TCM treatment of diabetes focuses on adjusting the spleen and stomach qi and blood functions, promoting blood circulation, regulating endocrine and other aspects. Chinese herbal medicine pharmacology studies the chemical composition of Chinese herbal medicines and their pharmacological effects in the body, revealing the mechanism of Chinese herbal medicines in lowering blood sugar. For example, Chinese herbal medicines such as mulberry leaves, bitter melon, and astragalus can reduce blood sugar concentration and relieve diabetic symptoms by activating GLUT4 protein and inhibiting α-glucosidase. The design of the formula of Chinese herbal medicine for lowering blood sugar needs to consider factors such as material selection, ratio matching, and complementary efficacy to ensure the safety, effectiveness and controllability of the prescription.
中国专利CN104857367A提供了一种降血糖的中药饮方，原料组分按重量份计：牛樟芝100份、厚朴20-50份、薏仁15-25份、木瓜10-17份。本发明降血糖的中药饮方，用水熬制2-3小时，每天饭前20分钟饮用250-500mL，不仅对胰岛素分泌不足引发的糖尿病具有很好的治疗和保健效果，且口感怡人；但是，存在对原材料前处理粗糙导致药物原材的有效成分不利于人体吸收的问题。Chinese patent CN104857367A provides a Chinese medicine prescription for lowering blood sugar, and the raw material components are calculated by weight: 100 parts of Antrodia cinnamomea, 20-50 parts of Magnolia officinalis, 15-25 parts of Coix seeds, and 10-17 parts of papaya. The Chinese medicine prescription for lowering blood sugar of the present invention is boiled with water for 2-3 hours, and 250-500 mL is drunk 20 minutes before meals every day. It not only has a good therapeutic and health care effect on diabetes caused by insufficient insulin secretion, but also has a pleasant taste; however, there is a problem that the raw material pretreatment is rough, resulting in the effective ingredients of the raw materials being not conducive to human absorption.
发明内容Summary of the invention
为此，本发明提供一种降血糖的中药饮配方及其制备方法，能够解决对原材料前处理粗糙导致药物原材的有效成分不利于人体吸收的问题。To this end, the present invention provides a blood sugar lowering Chinese medicine drink formula and a preparation method thereof, which can solve the problem that the effective ingredients of the raw materials of the medicine are not conducive to human absorption due to rough pretreatment of the raw materials.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供一种降血糖的中药饮配方及其制备方法，包括：步骤S1，自黄芪原料中提取黄芪多糖浓缩粉；To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a Chinese medicine drink formula for lowering blood sugar and a preparation method thereof, comprising: step S1, extracting astragalus polysaccharide concentrated powder from astragalus raw material;
步骤S2，将川芎、茯苓以及白芍混合进行润透处理，并将经过润透处理的川穹、茯苓以及白芍进行冷冻干燥及粉碎以获取第一固体混合物；Step S2, mixing Chuanxiong, Poria and White Peony Root for moistening treatment, and freeze-drying and crushing the moistened Chuanxiong, Poria and White Peony Root to obtain a first solid mixture;
步骤S3，将苦瓜、蒲公英、甘草、山楂进行低温高压膨化处理，处理完成后冷却至室温后进行机械破壁得到第二固体混合物，其中，低温高压膨化处理的气体为氮气，温度为70-85℃，压力为6-8MPa，处理时间为1-2min；Step S3, subjecting the bitter melon, dandelion, licorice and hawthorn to low-temperature and high-pressure puffing treatment, cooling to room temperature after the treatment, and then mechanically breaking the wall to obtain a second solid mixture, wherein the gas for the low-temperature and high-pressure puffing treatment is nitrogen, the temperature is 70-85° C., the pressure is 6-8 MPa, and the treatment time is 1-2 min;
步骤S4，将所述步骤S1中获取的黄芪多糖浓缩粉与所述步骤S2获取的第一固体混合物混合，加入阿胶，煎煮6～11min得到第三混合物，向第三混合物中加入所述步骤S3获取的第二固体混合物并煎煮3～5min以得到第四混合物，第四混合物冷却至室温后采用微波干燥对第四混合物进行干燥处理，并将干燥后的第四混合物进行粉碎，获取降血糖的中药饮颗粒。Step S4, mixing the astragalus polysaccharide concentrated powder obtained in step S1 with the first solid mixture obtained in step S2, adding donkey-hide gelatin, and decocting for 6 to 11 minutes to obtain a third mixture, adding the second solid mixture obtained in step S3 to the third mixture and decocting for 3 to 5 minutes to obtain a fourth mixture, cooling the fourth mixture to room temperature, drying the fourth mixture by microwave drying, and crushing the dried fourth mixture to obtain blood sugar-lowering Chinese medicine granules.
进一步地，所述步骤S1包括：Furthermore, the step S1 comprises:
步骤S11，将杆状的黄芪原材放入与外壳相连接的入料槽内，使连接于所述入料槽远离外壳一端的主电机与黄芪原材固定连接，控制单元控制与所述外壳相连接的第一主气缸启动以带动锯齿刀片的锯齿嵌入黄芪原材，当锯齿刀片的锯齿以预设深度嵌入黄芪原材时，所述控制单元启动所述主电机使黄芪原材旋转一周，并启动与外壳相连接的电动转轴以带动与所述电动转轴相连接的旋转门向上旋转90°，控制单元根据黄芪原材的平均直径获取与第一主气缸连接的伸缩杆的伸缩速度，并控制与所述伸缩杆相连接的步进电机启动以驱动与所述步进电机通过螺杆连接的切割刀片转动获取去皮的黄芪原材的切割块，控制单元控制与所述外壳相连接的研磨机构启动对去皮的黄芪原材的切割块进行研磨以获取黄芪粉末；Step S11, putting the rod-shaped astragalus raw material into a feeding trough connected to the shell, so that the main motor connected to the end of the feeding trough away from the shell is fixedly connected to the astragalus raw material, the control unit controls the first main cylinder connected to the shell to start to drive the saw teeth of the serrated blade to embed into the astragalus raw material, when the saw teeth of the serrated blade are embedded in the astragalus raw material at a preset depth, the control unit starts the main motor to rotate the astragalus raw material for one circle, and starts the electric shaft connected to the shell to drive the revolving door connected to the electric shaft to rotate upward 90°, the control unit obtains the telescopic speed of the telescopic rod connected to the first main cylinder according to the average diameter of the astragalus raw material, and controls the stepping motor connected to the telescopic rod to start to drive the cutting blade connected to the stepping motor through a screw to rotate to obtain a cut piece of peeled astragalus raw material, and the control unit controls the grinding mechanism connected to the shell to start grinding the cut piece of peeled astragalus raw material to obtain astragalus powder;
步骤S12，通过贯穿连接于所述外壳的入料管向所述步骤S11获取的黄芪粉末加入pH值为6-8的磷酸缓冲液使其膨胀以获取第一固液混合物，并将第一固液混合物通过设置于外壳的夹层内的加热丝以80-90℃的温度加热60min，当第一固液混合物冷却至室温后，开启设置于与外壳相连接的第一出料管内的第一止回阀以使上清液通过设置于外壳下方的活性炭过滤网，并获取将第一固液混合物的上清液分离后的下层混合物；Step S12, adding a phosphate buffer having a pH value of 6-8 to the astragalus powder obtained in step S11 through a feed pipe connected to the shell to expand the astragalus powder to obtain a first solid-liquid mixture, and heating the first solid-liquid mixture at a temperature of 80-90° C. for 60 minutes through a heating wire arranged in the interlayer of the shell, and when the first solid-liquid mixture is cooled to room temperature, opening a first check valve arranged in a first discharge pipe connected to the shell to allow the supernatant to pass through an activated carbon filter arranged below the shell, and obtaining a lower layer mixture after separating the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture;
步骤S13，将所述步骤S12获取的第一固液混合物的上清液采用所述活性炭过滤网进行过滤获取第一液体混合物，将步骤S12获取的下层混合物中的液体排出后干燥以获取干燥的固体粉末，向干燥的固体粉末内加入乙醇，静置5～8min以获取第二固液混合物，控制单元根据第一固液混合物的上清液的提取量判定是否开启流量控制阀以向第一固液混合物的上清液内加入第二固液混合物的过滤液；Step S13, filtering the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture obtained in step S12 using the activated carbon filter to obtain a first liquid mixture, draining the liquid in the lower layer mixture obtained in step S12 and drying it to obtain a dry solid powder, adding ethanol to the dry solid powder, and letting it stand for 5 to 8 minutes to obtain a second solid-liquid mixture, and the control unit determines whether to open the flow control valve to add the filtrate of the second solid-liquid mixture to the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture according to the extraction amount of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture;
步骤S14，向设置于所述活性炭过滤网下方的加压室注入氮气，当氮气的注入量达到预设值时，开启设置于所述加压室底部的流量控制阀以使加压室内的第二液体混合物通过DEAE离子交换柱进行离子交换层析，获取纯化的黄芪多糖浓缩液；Step S14, injecting nitrogen into the pressurized chamber disposed below the activated carbon filter, and when the injection amount of the nitrogen reaches a preset value, opening the flow control valve disposed at the bottom of the pressurized chamber to allow the second liquid mixture in the pressurized chamber to pass through a DEAE ion exchange column for ion exchange chromatography to obtain a purified astragalus polysaccharide concentrate;
步骤S15，设置于所述DEAE离子交换柱下方的冷冻箱将获取的黄芪多糖浓缩液在-70℃下冷冻干燥，研磨成粉，以获取黄芪多糖浓缩粉。Step S15, freeze-drying the obtained astragalus polysaccharide concentrated liquid at -70°C in a freezer disposed below the DEAE ion exchange column, and grinding the obtained astragalus polysaccharide concentrated liquid into powder to obtain astragalus polysaccharide concentrated powder.
进一步地，在所述步骤S11中，当所述控制单元控制所述第一主气缸驱动所述锯齿刀片的锯齿嵌入黄芪原材内直至设置于外壳内表面用于获取锯齿刀片图像的第一图像采集装置获取的锯齿刀片图像内不存在锯齿时，控制单元根据黄芪原材的平均直径获取锯齿刀片的最小嵌入深度，其中，Further, in the step S11, when the control unit controls the first main cylinder to drive the sawtooth blade to embed the sawtooth into the astragalus raw material until there are no sawtooths in the sawtooth blade image acquired by the first image acquisition device disposed on the inner surface of the housing for acquiring the sawtooth blade image, the control unit acquires the minimum embedding depth of the sawtooth blade according to the average diameter of the astragalus raw material, wherein,
若黄芪原材的平均直径小于等于预设标准直径，所述控制单元获取所述锯齿刀片的最小嵌入深度为第一最小嵌入深度；If the average diameter of the astragalus raw material is less than or equal to the preset standard diameter, the control unit obtains the minimum embedding depth of the serrated blade as a first minimum embedding depth;
若黄芪原材的平均直径大于预设标准直径，所述控制单元获取所述锯齿刀片的最小嵌入深度为第二最小嵌入深度；If the average diameter of the astragalus raw material is greater than the preset standard diameter, the control unit obtains the minimum embedding depth of the serrated blade as a second minimum embedding depth;
其中，设定第一最小嵌入深度h1为所述锯齿刀片的锯齿高度△h，设定第二最小嵌入深度h2＝△h+0.25×(D-D0)，式中，D为黄芪原材的平均直径，D0为所述控制单元内置的预设标准直径；The first minimum embedding depth h1 is set to be the sawtooth height △h of the serrated blade, and the second minimum embedding depth h2 is set to be △h+0.25×(D-D0), where D is the average diameter of the astragalus raw material, and D0 is the preset standard diameter built into the control unit;
其中，当所述控制单元获取所述锯齿刀片的最小嵌入深度为第一最小嵌入深度时，控制单元判定不对所述锯齿刀片的位置进行调节；当所述控制单元获取所述锯齿刀片的最小嵌入深度为第二最小嵌入深度时，控制单元控制所述第一主气缸驱动所述锯齿刀片下移，下移距离为0.25×(D-D0)。Among them, when the control unit obtains the minimum embedding depth of the serrated blade as the first minimum embedding depth, the control unit determines not to adjust the position of the serrated blade; when the control unit obtains the minimum embedding depth of the serrated blade as the second minimum embedding depth, the control unit controls the first main cylinder to drive the serrated blade to move downward, and the downward movement distance is 0.25×(D-D0).
进一步地，当完成对黄芪原材的去皮时，所述控制单元根据去皮后的黄芪原材的平均直径获取所述伸缩杆的伸缩速度，其中，Further, when the peeling of the astragalus raw material is completed, the control unit obtains the telescopic speed of the telescopic rod according to the average diameter of the peeled astragalus raw material, wherein:
若去皮后的黄芪原材的平均直径小于等于预设标准净直径，所述控制单元获取所述伸缩杆的伸缩速度为第一伸缩速度；If the average diameter of the peeled astragalus raw material is less than or equal to the preset standard net diameter, the control unit obtains the telescopic speed of the telescopic rod as the first telescopic speed;
若去皮后的黄芪原材的平均直径大于预设标准净直径，所述控制单元获取所述伸缩杆的伸缩速度为第二伸缩速度；If the average diameter of the peeled astragalus raw material is greater than the preset standard net diameter, the control unit obtains the telescopic speed of the telescopic rod as the second telescopic speed;
其中，所述第一伸缩速度通过预设标准净直径与去皮后的黄芪原材的平均直径的比值确定，所述第二伸缩速度通过去皮后的黄芪原材的平均直径与预设标准净直径的比值确定。Among them, the first telescopic speed is determined by the ratio of a preset standard net diameter to the average diameter of the peeled Astragalus raw material, and the second telescopic speed is determined by the ratio of the average diameter of the peeled Astragalus raw material to the preset standard net diameter.
进一步地，在所述步骤S12中，当设置于外壳夹层内的若干加热丝的加热时间达到30s时，设置于所述外壳内壁表面的第二图像采集装置获取第一固液混合物的上清液的图像并将第一固液混合物的上清液的图像传输至所述控制单元，控制单元根据所述图像的灰度对各相邻铣轮之间的间距进行调节，其中，Further, in the step S12, when the heating time of the plurality of heating wires arranged in the interlayer of the shell reaches 30s, the second image acquisition device arranged on the inner wall surface of the shell acquires the image of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture and transmits the image of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture to the control unit, and the control unit adjusts the spacing between adjacent milling wheels according to the grayscale of the image, wherein,
若所述图像的灰度大于等于预设灰度，所述控制单元判定不对各所述相邻铣轮之间的间距进行调节；If the grayscale of the image is greater than or equal to a preset grayscale, the control unit determines not to adjust the spacing between the adjacent milling wheels;
若所述图像的灰度小于预设灰度，所述控制单元判定将各所述相邻铣轮之间的间距调节至第二铣轮间距；If the grayscale of the image is less than the preset grayscale, the control unit determines to adjust the spacing between the adjacent milling wheels to the second milling wheel spacing;
其中，所述第二铣轮间距通过所述图像的灰度与预设灰度的差值确定，且不超过各所述相邻铣轮之间的最小允许间距。The second milling wheel spacing is determined by the difference between the grayscale of the image and a preset grayscale, and does not exceed the minimum allowable spacing between adjacent milling wheels.
进一步地，当所述控制单元将各所述相邻铣轮之间的间距调节至第二铣轮间距时，控制单元根据第一铣轮间距和各所述相邻铣轮之间的最小允许间距的平均值与第二铣轮间距的对比结果对所述伸缩杆的伸缩速度进行调节，其中，所述伸缩杆的调节后的伸缩速度通过第二铣轮间距确定。Further, when the control unit adjusts the spacing between each adjacent milling wheel to the second milling wheel spacing, the control unit adjusts the telescopic speed of the telescopic rod according to a comparison result of the first milling wheel spacing and the average value of the minimum allowable spacing between each adjacent milling wheel and the second milling wheel spacing, wherein the adjusted telescopic speed of the telescopic rod is determined by the second milling wheel spacing.
进一步地，当各所述加热丝的加热时长达到60min时，所述控制单元根据第一固液混合物的上清液的最终灰度获取第一固液混合物的上清液的提取量，其中，Further, when the heating time of each of the heating wires reaches 60 minutes, the control unit obtains the extraction amount of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture according to the final grayscale of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture, wherein:
第一固液混合物的上清液的提取量通过加入的磷酸缓冲液的体积以及第一固液混合物的上清液的最终灰度与预设灰度的比值确定，且第一固液混合物的上清液的提取量不超过0.7倍的加入的磷酸缓冲液的体积。The extracted amount of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture is determined by the volume of the added phosphate buffer and the ratio of the final grayscale of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture to the preset grayscale, and the extracted amount of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture does not exceed 0.7 times the volume of the added phosphate buffer.
进一步地，在所述步骤S13中，所述控制单元根据第一固液混合物的上清液的提取量判定是否向第一固液混合物的上清液内加入所述步骤S13获取的第二固液混合物的过滤液，其中，Further, in step S13, the control unit determines whether to add the filtrate of the second solid-liquid mixture obtained in step S13 to the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture according to the extraction amount of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture, wherein:
若第一固液混合物的上清液的提取量小于等于最小预设提取量，所述控制单元判定，当预设灰度与第一固液混合物的上清液的最终灰度的差值小于等于16时，所述控制单元判定不加入第二固液混合物的过滤液，当预设灰度与第一固液混合物的上清液的最终灰度的差值大于16时，所述控制单元判定加入第二固液混合物的过滤液，其中，所述第二固液混合物的过滤液的加入量或通过第一固液混合物的上清液的灰度与预设灰度的比值以及第一固液混合物的上清液的最小预设提取量与第一固液混合物的上清液的提取量的比值确定，或通过预设灰度与第一固液混合物的上清液的最终灰度的比值以及第一固液混合物的上清液的提取量与第一固液混合物的上清液的最小预设提取量的比值确定；If the extracted amount of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture is less than or equal to the minimum preset extracted amount, the control unit determines that when the difference between the preset grayscale and the final grayscale of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture is less than or equal to 16, the control unit determines not to add the filtrate of the second solid-liquid mixture, and when the difference between the preset grayscale and the final grayscale of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture is greater than 16, the control unit determines to add the filtrate of the second solid-liquid mixture, wherein the added amount of the filtrate of the second solid-liquid mixture is determined by the ratio of the grayscale of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture to the preset grayscale and the ratio of the minimum preset extracted amount of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture to the extracted amount of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture, or by the ratio of the preset grayscale to the final grayscale of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture and the ratio of the extracted amount of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture to the minimum preset extracted amount of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture;
若第一固液混合物的上清液的提取量大于最小预设提取量，所述控制单元判定不加入第二固液混合物的过滤液。If the extraction amount of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture is greater than the minimum preset extraction amount, the control unit determines not to add the filtrate of the second solid-liquid mixture.
进一步地，在所述步骤S14中，当所述控制单元获取所述加压室内的第二液体混合物为第一固液混合物的上清液与第二固液混合物的过滤液的混合物时，控制单元判定将所述DEAE离子交换柱的pH值调节至第一酸碱度；当所述控制单元获取所述加压室内的第二液体混合物为第一固液混合物的上清液时，控制单元判定将所述DEAE离子交换柱的pH值调节至第二酸碱度；Further, in the step S14, when the control unit obtains that the second liquid mixture in the pressurized chamber is a mixture of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture and the filtrate of the second solid-liquid mixture, the control unit determines to adjust the pH value of the DEAE ion exchange column to the first pH value; when the control unit obtains that the second liquid mixture in the pressurized chamber is the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture, the control unit determines to adjust the pH value of the DEAE ion exchange column to the second pH value;
其中，所述第一酸碱度通过第二固液混合物的过滤液的加入量与第一固液混合物的上清液的提取量的比值确定，且大于等于6；所述第二酸碱度通过第一固液混合物的上清液的提取量与第一固液混合物的上清液的最小预设提取量的比值确定，且小于等于9。Among them, the first pH is determined by the ratio of the added amount of the filtrate of the second solid-liquid mixture to the extracted amount of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture, and is greater than or equal to 6; the second pH is determined by the ratio of the extracted amount of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture to the minimum preset extraction amount of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture, and is less than or equal to 9.
进一步地，本发明基于所述降血糖的中药饮的制备方法的降血糖的中药饮配方包括：黄芪多糖浓缩粉15g、苦瓜10g、蒲公英10g、山楂10g、茯苓10g、白芍10g、甘草5g、川芎10g以及阿胶90g。Furthermore, the formula of the blood sugar lowering Chinese herbal drink based on the preparation method of the blood sugar lowering Chinese herbal drink of the present invention includes: 15g of astragalus polysaccharide concentrated powder, 10g of bitter melon, 10g of dandelion, 10g of hawthorn, 10g of Poria, 10g of white peony root, 5g of licorice, 10g of Chuanxiong and 90g of donkey-hide gelatin.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于，黄芪主要成分为黄芪多糖、皂甙、黄酮、维生素、微量元素，其依靠糖原合成酶活性、胰岛素受体底物活性以及蛋白激酶B、C活性的增加，帮助骨骼肌细胞中的葡萄糖顺利运转，以使体内的蛋白水平增加，增加了胰岛素的敏感性以达到降血糖的功效；苦瓜含有苦瓜素，可以促进体内脂肪和多糖的分解和排出；蒲公英中含有蒲公英素、蒲公英甾醇等物质，具有促进消化和通便利尿的功效；山楂含有维生素、微量元素及矿物质，可以降血压血脂、促进消化；茯苓中膳食纤维的含量比较高，能使食物在肠道里面停留的时间下降，使人产生饱腹感；白芍中含有大量芍药甙，其作用机制是通过降低胰岛素抵抗，改善胰岛素敏感性；甘草含有甘草总黄酮、甘草酸、甘草次酸、三萜类、甘草苷等成分，能够配合白芍调和肝脾，并降低其它药物的副作用；川芎含有丰富的抗氧化剂，能够帮助改善血糖水平，增加胰岛素分泌，抑制血糖的升高，维持血糖正常水平。Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are that the main components of Astragalus are Astragalus polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids, vitamins, and trace elements, which rely on the increase of glycogen synthase activity, insulin receptor substrate activity, and protein kinase B and C activities to help the smooth circulation of glucose in skeletal muscle cells, so as to increase the protein level in the body and increase the sensitivity of insulin to achieve the effect of lowering blood sugar; Bitter melon contains bitter melon, which can promote the decomposition and discharge of fat and polysaccharides in the body; Dandelion contains substances such as taraxacin and taraxasterol, which have the effects of promoting digestion and facilitating urination; Hawthorn contains vitamins , trace elements and minerals, which can lower blood pressure and blood lipids and promote digestion; the content of dietary fiber in Poria is relatively high, which can reduce the time that food stays in the intestine and make people feel full; White peony contains a large amount of paeoniflorin, whose mechanism of action is to improve insulin sensitivity by reducing insulin resistance; Licorice contains glycyrrhizic total flavonoids, glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, triterpenes, glycyrrhizin and other ingredients, which can cooperate with white peony to harmonize the liver and spleen and reduce the side effects of other drugs; Chuanxiong is rich in antioxidants, which can help improve blood sugar levels, increase insulin secretion, inhibit the increase of blood sugar, and maintain normal blood sugar levels.
尤其，本发明将川芎、茯苓以及白芍作为一组原材，将苦瓜、蒲公英、甘草、山楂作为一组原材，各组原材料混合分别进行处理，能够促进材料内的有效成分相互结合，提高药效；本发明根据材料的性质对各组材料选择不同的处理方式，能够使实现不同类别的药材最大程度的提纯。In particular, the present invention uses Chuanxiong, Poria cocos and White Peony Root as a group of raw materials, and uses Momordica charantia, Taraxacum officinale, Licorice and Hawthorn as a group of raw materials. Each group of raw materials is mixed and processed separately, which can promote the mutual combination of effective ingredients in the materials and improve the efficacy; the present invention selects different processing methods for each group of materials according to the properties of the materials, which can achieve the maximum purification of different types of medicinal materials.
尤其，黄芪去皮后，其中的活性成分更易释放，药效更加明显，由于野生黄芪表皮存在较多尘土等杂质，对黄芪去皮能够提高药材的洁净度，当黄芪的平均直径较大时，选取锯齿刀片对黄芪较大的嵌入深度能够保证较高的去皮率，当黄芪的平均直径较小时，选取锯齿刀片对黄芪较小的嵌入深度能够保证黄芪原材的利用率。In particular, after the astragalus is peeled, the active ingredients in it are easier to release and the medicinal effect is more obvious. Since there are more dust and other impurities on the surface of wild astragalus, peeling the astragalus can improve the cleanliness of the medicinal material. When the average diameter of the astragalus is large, choosing a serrated blade with a larger embedding depth of the astragalus can ensure a higher peeling rate. When the average diameter of the astragalus is small, choosing a serrated blade with a smaller embedding depth of the astragalus can ensure the utilization rate of the astragalus raw material.
尤其，本发明中伸缩杆的伸缩速度越大，切割获取的黄芪切割块体积越大，当去皮的黄芪直径较大时，选取较小的伸缩速度能够保证黄芪切割块体积不会过大以避免铣轮卡顿而无法研磨，降低效率；当去皮的黄芪直径较小时，选取较大的伸缩速度能够保证切割效率。In particular, the greater the telescopic speed of the telescopic rod in the present invention, the larger the volume of the astragalus cut block obtained by cutting. When the diameter of the peeled astragalus is large, selecting a smaller telescopic speed can ensure that the volume of the astragalus cut block is not too large to avoid the milling wheel getting stuck and unable to grind, thereby reducing efficiency; when the diameter of the peeled astragalus is small, selecting a larger telescopic speed can ensure cutting efficiency.
尤其，本发明中降血糖的主要作用物质为黄芪多糖，本发明通过对黄芪多糖进行提纯使同一配比的黄芪内的黄芪多糖的作用最大化，通过对黄芪的提纯使人体更多的吸收黄芪多糖，本发明通过磷酸作为增大黄芪多糖溶解度的溶剂，能够有效解决乙醇加热挥发的问题，且磷酸作为弱酸，以磷酸为缓冲液更容易控制缓冲液的pH。In particular, the main substance for lowering blood sugar in the present invention is astragalus polysaccharide. The present invention maximizes the effect of astragalus polysaccharide in the same ratio of astragalus by purifying astragalus polysaccharide, and allows the human body to absorb more astragalus polysaccharide by purifying astragalus. The present invention uses phosphoric acid as a solvent to increase the solubility of astragalus polysaccharide, which can effectively solve the problem of ethanol volatilization when heated. Phosphoric acid is a weak acid, and it is easier to control the pH of the buffer solution by using phosphoric acid as a buffer solution.
尤其，黄芪多糖在溶液中的纯度越高，其颜色越浅，即灰度越大，本发明通过第二图像采集装置获取的第一固液混合物的上清液的灰度判断黄芪多糖在磷酸缓冲液内的溶解度，当黄芪多糖在磷酸缓冲液内的溶解度较小时，通过调节铣轮间的间距对研磨细度进行调节，以增大黄芪多糖在溶剂中的溶解量。In particular, the higher the purity of astragalus polysaccharide in the solution, the lighter its color, that is, the greater the grayscale. The present invention determines the solubility of astragalus polysaccharide in phosphate buffer by the grayscale of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture obtained by the second image acquisition device. When the solubility of astragalus polysaccharide in phosphate buffer is relatively low, the grinding fineness is adjusted by adjusting the spacing between the milling wheels to increase the amount of astragalus polysaccharide dissolved in the solvent.
尤其，本发明根据第一固液混合物的最终的灰度获取第一固液混合物的上清液的提取量，其中，第一固液混合物的上清液的灰度越大，能够判定黄芪多糖在磷酸混合液的溶解度越大，对所述上清液的提取量越多；第一固液混合物的上清液的灰度越小，能够判定黄芪多糖在磷酸混合液的溶解度越小，提取较少量的上清液，通过对第一固液混合物的后续处理，提高黄芪多糖的浓度。In particular, the present invention obtains the extraction amount of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture according to the final grayscale of the first solid-liquid mixture, wherein the greater the grayscale of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture, the greater the solubility of astragalus polysaccharide in the phosphoric acid mixture can be determined, and the more the supernatant is extracted; the smaller the grayscale of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture, the smaller the solubility of astragalus polysaccharide in the phosphoric acid mixture can be determined, and a smaller amount of supernatant is extracted, and the concentration of astragalus polysaccharide is increased by subsequent treatment of the first solid-liquid mixture.
尤其，当第一固液混合物的上清液的提取量小于等于最小预设提取量时，本发明通过第一固液混合物的上清液的灰度判定是否加入第二固液混合物的过滤液，预设灰度与第一固液混合物的上清液的灰度的差值较大时，加入第二固液混合物的过滤液能够增加溶液中黄芪多糖的含量，避免最终获得的中药饮药性不足，预设灰度与第一固液混合物的上清液的灰度的差值较小时，能够判定黄芪多糖的纯度符合要求，不必外加第二固液混合物的过滤液。In particular, when the extraction amount of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture is less than or equal to the minimum preset extraction amount, the present invention determines whether to add the filtrate of the second solid-liquid mixture by the grayscale of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture. When the difference between the preset grayscale and the grayscale of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture is large, adding the filtrate of the second solid-liquid mixture can increase the content of astragalus polysaccharides in the solution, thereby avoiding insufficient medicinal properties of the Chinese herbal medicine obtained in the end. When the difference between the preset grayscale and the grayscale of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture is small, it can be determined that the purity of astragalus polysaccharides meets the requirements, and there is no need to add the filtrate of the second solid-liquid mixture.
尤其，由于第二固液混合物的的过滤液中含有大量乙醇，能够与磷酸缓冲液发生可逆反应是，生成醋酸以及三水合磷酸，对溶液的pH值有一定程度的影响，本发明根据是否混合第二固液混合物的过滤液获取DEAE离子交换柱的pH值，能够提高黄芪多糖的纯度。In particular, since the filtrate of the second solid-liquid mixture contains a large amount of ethanol, it can undergo a reversible reaction with the phosphate buffer to generate acetic acid and trihydrate phosphoric acid, which has a certain degree of influence on the pH value of the solution. The present invention can improve the purity of astragalus polysaccharides by obtaining the pH value of the DEAE ion exchange column based on whether the filtrate of the second solid-liquid mixture is mixed.
尤其，DEAE离子交换柱的pH值与进入DEAE离子交换柱的溶液的pH值的差值以及进入DEAE离子交换柱的溶液的流速均影响容易的提纯度，本发明中DEAE离子交换柱的pH值通过溶液的酸碱性获取，因此根据DEAE离子交换柱的pH值获取进入DEAE离子交换柱的溶液的流速能够最大程度的对溶液进行提纯的同时保证提纯的效率。In particular, the difference between the pH value of the DEAE ion exchange column and the pH value of the solution entering the DEAE ion exchange column and the flow rate of the solution entering the DEAE ion exchange column both affect the degree of purification. In the present invention, the pH value of the DEAE ion exchange column is obtained by the acidity and alkalinity of the solution. Therefore, obtaining the flow rate of the solution entering the DEAE ion exchange column according to the pH value of the DEAE ion exchange column can purify the solution to the greatest extent while ensuring the purification efficiency.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为发明实施例黄芪多糖提取设备示意图；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an astragalus polysaccharide extraction device according to an embodiment of the invention;
图2为发明实施例研磨机构示意图；FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a grinding mechanism according to an embodiment of the invention;
图3为发明实施例降血糖的中药饮制备方法流程图；FIG3 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a Chinese herbal medicine drink for lowering blood sugar according to an embodiment of the invention;
图4为发明实施例黄芪多糖提取方法流程图。FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the astragalus polysaccharide extraction method according to an embodiment of the invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的和优点更加清楚明白，下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述；应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the objects and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.
下面参照附图来描述本发明的优选实施方式。本领域技术人员应当理解的是，这些实施方式仅仅用于解释本发明的技术原理，并非在限制本发明的保护范围。The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
需要说明的是，在本发明的描述中，术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方向或位置关系的术语是基于附图所示的方向或位置关系，这仅仅是为了便于描述，而不是指示或暗示所述装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, terms such as "up", "down", "left", "right", "inside" and "outside" indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. This is merely for the convenience of description and does not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.
此外，还需要说明的是，在本发明的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域技术人员而言，可根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In addition, it should be noted that in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
本实施例降血糖的中药饮配方包括：黄芪15g、苦瓜10g、蒲公英10g、山楂10g、茯苓10g、白芍10g、甘草5g、川芎10g以及阿胶90g；The Chinese medicine formula for lowering blood sugar in this embodiment includes: 15g of Astragalus, 10g of Bitter Melon, 10g of Taraxacum, 10g of Hawthorn, 10g of Poria, 10g of White Peony, 5g of Licorice, 10g of Chuanxiong and 90g of Donkey-hide Gelatin;
黄芪主要成分为黄芪多糖、皂甙、黄酮、维生素、微量元素，其依靠糖原合成酶活性、胰岛素受体底物活性以及蛋白激酶B、C活性的增加，帮助骨骼肌细胞中的葡萄糖顺利运转，以使体内的蛋白水平增加，增加了胰岛素的敏感性以达到降血糖的功效；苦瓜含有苦瓜素，可以促进体内脂肪和多糖的分解和排出；蒲公英中含有蒲公英素、蒲公英甾醇等物质，具有促进消化和通便利尿的功效；山楂含有维生素、微量元素及矿物质，可以降血压血脂、促进消化；茯苓中膳食纤维的含量比较高，能使食物在肠道里面停留的时间下降，使人产生饱腹感；白芍中含有大量芍药甙，其作用机制是通过降低胰岛素抵抗，改善胰岛素敏感性；甘草含有甘草总黄酮、甘草酸、甘草次酸、三萜类、甘草苷等成分，能够配合白芍调和肝脾，并降低其它药物的副作用；川芎含有丰富的抗氧化剂，能够帮助改善血糖水平，增加胰岛素分泌，抑制血糖的升高，维持血糖正常水平。The main components of Astragalus are Astragalus polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids, vitamins, and trace elements. It relies on the increase of glycogen synthase activity, insulin receptor substrate activity, and protein kinase B and C activities to help the smooth circulation of glucose in skeletal muscle cells, thereby increasing the protein level in the body and increasing insulin sensitivity to achieve the effect of lowering blood sugar; Bitter melon contains bitter melon, which can promote the decomposition and excretion of fat and polysaccharides in the body; Dandelion contains substances such as taraxacin and taraxasterol, which have the effect of promoting digestion and facilitating urination; Hawthorn contains vitamins, trace elements and minerals. It can lower blood pressure and blood lipids and promote digestion; the content of dietary fiber in Poria is relatively high, which can reduce the time that food stays in the intestine and make people feel full; white peony contains a large amount of paeoniflorin, whose mechanism of action is to reduce insulin resistance and improve insulin sensitivity; licorice contains glycyrrhizic total flavonoids, glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, triterpenes, glycyrrhizin and other ingredients, which can cooperate with white peony to harmonize the liver and spleen and reduce the side effects of other drugs; Chuanxiong is rich in antioxidants, which can help improve blood sugar levels, increase insulin secretion, inhibit the increase of blood sugar, and maintain normal blood sugar levels.
请参阅图1所示，其为本发明实施例黄芪多糖提取设备示意图，包括：外壳32，与外壳相连接的第一主气缸1，与主气缸相连接用于刮除黄芪表皮的锯齿刀片2，设置于外壳内表面用于获取锯齿刀片图像的第一图像采集装置(图中未示出)，所述第一图像采集装置还用于获取黄芪图像，所述黄芪多糖提取设备还包括贯穿于外壳且与外壳相连接连接的入料槽4，设置于入料槽远离外壳一端的主电机3，其中，主电机3内设用于固定黄芪的夹持装置(图中未示出)，主电机驱动夹持装置转动以带动黄芪转动；所述黄芪多糖提取设备还包括第二主气缸23，与第二主气缸相连接的伸缩杆24，与伸缩杆相连接的步进电机30，与步进电机相连接的螺杆31，以及与螺杆相连接的切割刀片25，其中，第二主气缸驱动伸杆伸缩以带动步进电机做横向运动，步进电机驱动螺杆转动以带动切割刀片转动实现对黄芪的切割；所述黄芪多糖提取设备还包括与外壳内壁相连接的电动转轴26，与电动转轴相连接的旋转门27，其中，当完成对黄芪的去皮后，黄芪表皮落于旋转门上，电动转轴带动旋转门向上旋转90°使旋转门与外壳形成密封空间，以使黄芪内芯与黄芪表皮分离，当旋转门完成旋转后，第二主气缸与步进电机启动，完成对黄芪内芯的切割；所述黄芪多糖提取设备还包括与外壳内壁连接的研磨机构28，设置于外壳夹层内的加热丝5，设置于外壳内壁表面用于获取液体灰度的第二图像采集装置6，贯穿连接于外壳的入料管7，设置于入料管下方的第一出料管9，设置于第一出料管内用于控制液体流量的第一止回阀8，与外壳相连接的第二出料管10，其中，第二出料管靠近外壳一端的管口设置有药渣过滤网，所述黄芪多糖提取设备还包括设置于第二出料管内的第二止回阀11，设置于第二出料管下方的活性炭过滤网12，设置于活性炭过滤网下方的活动门13，其中，活动门由气缸、外套板以及内套板组成，气缸控制内套板伸缩实现活动门的开启与关闭；所述黄芪多糖提取设备还包括设置于活动门下方的加压室29，设置于加压室的侧壁的入料管14，与加压室底部相连接的流量控制阀15，与流量控制阀相连接的DEAE离子交换柱，所述DEAE离子交换柱包括柱体18，设置于柱体上方的进水口16，设置于柱体上端侧壁的树脂进口17，以及设置于柱体下端侧壁的排净口19，设置于柱体下端的出水口21，设置于出水口旁的清洗口20，以及与出水口相连接的冷冻粉碎箱22。Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a schematic diagram of an astragalus polysaccharide extraction device according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprising: a housing 32, a first main cylinder 1 connected to the housing, a serrated blade 2 connected to the main cylinder for scraping off the epidermis of astragalus, a first image acquisition device (not shown in the figure) disposed on the inner surface of the housing for acquiring an image of the serrated blade, the first image acquisition device is also used to acquire an image of astragalus, the astragalus polysaccharide extraction device further comprises a feed trough 4 penetrating the housing and connected to the housing, a main motor 3 disposed at one end of the feed trough away from the housing, wherein the main motor 3 is provided with a clamping device (not shown in the figure) for fixing the astragalus, and the main motor drives the clamping device to rotate to drive the astragalus to rotate; the astragalus polysaccharide extraction device further comprises a second main cylinder 23 , a telescopic rod 24 connected to the second main cylinder, a stepper motor 30 connected to the telescopic rod, a screw 31 connected to the stepper motor, and a cutting blade 25 connected to the screw, wherein the second main cylinder drives the telescopic rod to extend and retract to drive the stepper motor to make lateral movement, and the stepper motor drives the screw to rotate to drive the cutting blade to rotate to achieve cutting of the astragalus; the astragalus polysaccharide extraction equipment also includes an electric shaft 26 connected to the inner wall of the shell, and a revolving door 27 connected to the electric shaft, wherein, after the peeling of the astragalus is completed, the astragalus skin falls on the revolving door, and the electric shaft drives the revolving door to rotate upward by 90° so that the revolving door and the shell form a sealed space to separate the astragalus inner core from the astragalus skin. When the revolving door completes the rotation, the second main cylinder Start with the stepper motor to complete the cutting of the inner core of the astragalus; the astragalus polysaccharide extraction equipment also includes a grinding mechanism 28 connected to the inner wall of the shell, a heating wire 5 arranged in the interlayer of the shell, a second image acquisition device 6 arranged on the inner wall surface of the shell for obtaining the grayscale of the liquid, a feed pipe 7 connected to the shell, a first discharge pipe 9 arranged below the feed pipe, a first check valve 8 arranged in the first discharge pipe for controlling the flow of the liquid, and a second discharge pipe 10 connected to the shell, wherein a residue filter is arranged at the pipe opening of the second discharge pipe near one end of the shell, and the astragalus polysaccharide extraction equipment also includes a second check valve 11 arranged in the second discharge pipe, an activated carbon filter 12 arranged below the second discharge pipe, and a filter 13 arranged below the activated carbon filter. The movable door 13 is composed of a cylinder, an outer plate and an inner plate, and the cylinder controls the extension and retraction of the inner plate to realize the opening and closing of the movable door; the astragalus polysaccharide extraction equipment also includes a pressurized chamber 29 arranged below the movable door, a feed pipe 14 arranged on the side wall of the pressurized chamber, a flow control valve 15 connected to the bottom of the pressurized chamber, and a DEAE ion exchange column connected to the flow control valve, wherein the DEAE ion exchange column includes a column 18, a water inlet 16 arranged above the column, a resin inlet 17 arranged on the side wall of the upper end of the column, and a drain port 19 arranged on the side wall of the lower end of the column, a water outlet 21 arranged at the lower end of the column, a cleaning port 20 arranged next to the water outlet, and a freezing and crushing box 22 connected to the water outlet.
所述黄芪多糖提取设备还包括控制单元(图中未示出)，所述控制单元根据第一图像采集装置获取的黄芪图像计算黄芪的平均直径，根据黄芪的平均直径获取锯齿刀片对黄芪的设计去皮厚度，并从第一图像采集装置获取的锯齿刀片的图像中获取锯齿刀片的锯齿进入黄芪的深度，进而根据锯齿刀片对黄芪的设计去皮厚度与锯齿刀片的锯齿进入黄芪的深度的对比结果判定是否调节锯齿刀片的高度位置；当锯齿刀片的锯齿进入黄芪的深度合格时，控制单元控制主电机启动使黄芪原材旋转一周，当黄芪原材旋转一周后，控制单元控制电动转轴启动以带动旋转门转动，当旋转门向上旋转90°后，控制单元启动第二主气缸以使伸缩杆伸缩，同时启动步进电机以使螺杆旋转带动切割刀片转动对去皮后的黄芪原材进行切割。The astragalus polysaccharide extraction device also includes a control unit (not shown in the figure), which calculates the average diameter of the astragalus according to the astragalus image acquired by the first image acquisition device, acquires the designed peeling thickness of the astragalus by the serrated blade according to the average diameter of the astragalus, and acquires the depth of the sawtooth blade's teeth entering the astragalus from the image of the serrated blade acquired by the first image acquisition device, and then determines whether to adjust the height position of the serrated blade according to the comparison result of the designed peeling thickness of the astragalus by the serrated blade and the depth of the sawtooth blade's teeth entering the astragalus; when the depth of the sawtooth blade's teeth entering the astragalus is qualified, the control unit controls the main motor to start to rotate the astragalus raw material for one circle, and after the astragalus raw material rotates one circle, the control unit controls the electric shaft to start to drive the rotating door to rotate, and after the rotating door rotates upward by 90°, the control unit starts the second main cylinder to extend and retract the telescopic rod, and at the same time starts the stepping motor to rotate the screw to drive the cutting blade to rotate to cut the peeled astragalus raw material.
请参阅图2所示，其为本发明实施例研磨机构示意图，所述研磨机构包括铣轮组281，其中，所述铣轮组包括若干铣轮，各相邻铣轮的轮齿相互啮合；所述研磨机构还包括与外壳的外表面相连接用于控制外侧铣轮的位置的第一副气缸282，与外壳的内表面相连接用于控制内侧铣轮的位置的第二副气缸283，以及与铣轮组分别连接用于驱动各铣轮转动的若干副电机284。Please refer to Figure 2, which is a schematic diagram of the grinding mechanism of an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the grinding mechanism includes a milling wheel group 281, wherein the milling wheel group includes a plurality of milling wheels, and the teeth of adjacent milling wheels are meshed with each other; the grinding mechanism also includes a first sub-cylinder 282 connected to the outer surface of the outer shell for controlling the position of the outer milling wheel, a second sub-cylinder 283 connected to the inner surface of the outer shell for controlling the position of the inner milling wheel, and a plurality of sub-motors 284 respectively connected to the milling wheel group for driving each milling wheel to rotate.
请参阅图3所示，其为本发明实施例降血糖的中药饮制备方法流程图，包括：Please refer to FIG. 3 , which is a flow chart of a method for preparing a Chinese herbal medicine drink for lowering blood sugar according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprising:
步骤S1，自黄芪原料中提取黄芪多糖浓缩粉；Step S1, extracting astragalus polysaccharide concentrated powder from astragalus raw materials;
步骤S2，将川芎、茯苓以及白芍混合进行润透处理，并将经过润透处理的川穹、茯苓以及白芍进行冷冻干燥及粉碎以获取第一固体混合物；Step S2, mixing Chuanxiong, Poria and White Peony Root for moistening treatment, and freeze-drying and crushing the moistened Chuanxiong, Poria and White Peony Root to obtain a first solid mixture;
步骤S3，将苦瓜、蒲公英、甘草、山楂进行低温高压膨化处理，处理完成后冷却至室温后进行机械破壁得到第二固体混合物，其中，低温高压膨化处理的气体为氮气，温度为70-85℃，压力为6-8MPa，处理时间为1-2min；Step S3, subjecting the bitter melon, dandelion, licorice and hawthorn to low-temperature and high-pressure puffing treatment, cooling to room temperature after the treatment, and then mechanically breaking the wall to obtain a second solid mixture, wherein the gas for the low-temperature and high-pressure puffing treatment is nitrogen, the temperature is 70-85° C., the pressure is 6-8 MPa, and the treatment time is 1-2 min;
步骤S4，将所述步骤S1中获取的黄芪多糖浓缩粉与所述步骤S2获取的第一固体混合物混合，加入阿胶，煎煮6～11min得到第三混合物，向第三混合物中加入所述步骤S3获取的第二固体混合物并煎煮3～5min以得到第四混合物，第四混合物冷却至室温后采用微波干燥对第四混合物进行干燥处理，并将干燥后的第四混合物进行粉碎，获取降血糖的中药饮颗粒；其中，第一固体混合物的质量与阿胶的质量比为1：2～2.5。Step S4, mixing the astragalus polysaccharide concentrated powder obtained in the step S1 with the first solid mixture obtained in the step S2, adding donkey-hide gelatin, and boiling for 6 to 11 minutes to obtain a third mixture, adding the second solid mixture obtained in the step S3 to the third mixture and boiling for 3 to 5 minutes to obtain a fourth mixture, drying the fourth mixture by microwave drying after cooling the fourth mixture to room temperature, and crushing the dried fourth mixture to obtain blood sugar-lowering Chinese medicine granules; wherein the mass ratio of the first solid mixture to the donkey-hide gelatin is 1:2 to 2.5.
具体而言，本发明各实施例中氮气的注入量为加压室的气体容积。Specifically, the injection amount of nitrogen in each embodiment of the present invention is the gas volume of the pressurized chamber.
具体而言，本发明将川芎、茯苓以及白芍作为一组原材，将苦瓜、蒲公英、甘草、山楂作为一组原材，各组原材料混合分别进行处理，能够促进材料内的有效成分相互结合，提高药效；本发明根据材料的性质对各组材料选择不同的处理方式，能够使实现不同类别的药材最大程度的提纯。Specifically, the present invention uses Chuanxiong, Poria cocos and white peony root as a group of raw materials, and uses bitter melon, dandelion, licorice and hawthorn as a group of raw materials. Each group of raw materials is mixed and processed separately, which can promote the mutual combination of effective ingredients in the materials and improve the efficacy; the present invention selects different processing methods for each group of materials according to the properties of the materials, which can achieve the maximum purification of different types of medicinal materials.
请参阅图4所示，其为本发明实施例黄芪多糖提取方法流程图，所述步骤S1包括：Please refer to FIG. 4 , which is a flow chart of the astragalus polysaccharide extraction method according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein step S1 comprises:
步骤S11，将杆状的黄芪原材放入与外壳相连接的入料槽内，使与所述入料槽相连接的主电机与黄芪原材固定连接，控制单元控制与所述外壳相连接的第一主气缸启动以带动锯齿刀片的锯齿嵌入黄芪，当锯齿刀片的锯齿以预设深度嵌入黄芪时，所述控制单元启动所述主电机使黄芪原材旋转一周，并启动与外壳相连接的电动转轴以带动与所述电动转轴相连接的旋转门向上旋转90°，控制单元根据黄芪原材的平均直径获取与第一主气缸连接的伸缩杆的伸缩速度，并控制与所述伸缩杆相连接的步进电机启动以驱动与步进电机通过螺杆连接的切割刀片转动获取去皮的黄芪原材的切割块，控制单元控制与所述外壳相连接的研磨机构启动对去皮的黄芪原材的切割块进行研磨以获取黄芪粉末；Step S11, putting the rod-shaped astragalus raw material into a feeding trough connected to the shell, so that the main motor connected to the feeding trough is fixedly connected to the astragalus raw material, the control unit controls the first main cylinder connected to the shell to start to drive the saw teeth of the serrated blade to embed into the astragalus, when the saw teeth of the serrated blade are embedded in the astragalus at a preset depth, the control unit starts the main motor to rotate the astragalus raw material for one circle, and starts the electric shaft connected to the shell to drive the revolving door connected to the electric shaft to rotate upward 90°, the control unit obtains the telescopic speed of the telescopic rod connected to the first main cylinder according to the average diameter of the astragalus raw material, and controls the stepping motor connected to the telescopic rod to start to drive the cutting blade connected to the stepping motor through a screw to rotate to obtain the cut pieces of peeled astragalus raw material, and the control unit controls the grinding mechanism connected to the shell to start grinding the cut pieces of peeled astragalus raw material to obtain astragalus powder;
步骤S12，通过贯穿连接于外壳的入料管向所述步骤S11获取的黄芪粉末加入pH值为6-8的磷酸缓冲液使其膨胀以获取第一固液混合物，并将第一固液混合物通过设置于所述外壳的夹层内的加热丝以80-90℃的温度加热60，当第一固液混合物冷却至室温后，开启设置于与外壳相连接的第一出料管内的第一止回阀以使上清液通过设置于外壳下方的活性炭过滤网，并获取将第一固液混合物的上清液分离后的下层混合物；Step S12, adding a phosphate buffer having a pH value of 6-8 to the astragalus powder obtained in step S11 through a feed pipe connected to the shell to expand the astragalus powder to obtain a first solid-liquid mixture, and heating the first solid-liquid mixture at a temperature of 80-90° C. for 60° C. through a heating wire arranged in the interlayer of the shell, and when the first solid-liquid mixture is cooled to room temperature, opening a first check valve arranged in a first discharge pipe connected to the shell to allow the supernatant to pass through an activated carbon filter arranged below the shell, and obtaining a lower layer mixture after separating the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture;
步骤S13，将所述步骤S12获取的第一固液混合物的上清液采用所述活性炭过滤网进行过滤获取第一液体混合物，将步骤S12获取的下层混合物中的液体排出后干燥以获取干燥的固体粉末，向干燥的固体粉末内加入乙醇，静置5～8min以获取第二固液混合物，控制单元根据第一固液混合物的上清液的提取量判定是否开启流量控制阀以向第一固液混合物的上清液内加入第二固液混合物的过滤液；Step S13, filtering the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture obtained in step S12 using the activated carbon filter to obtain a first liquid mixture, draining the liquid in the lower layer mixture obtained in step S12 and drying it to obtain a dry solid powder, adding ethanol to the dry solid powder, and letting it stand for 5 to 8 minutes to obtain a second solid-liquid mixture, and the control unit determines whether to open the flow control valve to add the filtrate of the second solid-liquid mixture to the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture according to the extraction amount of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture;
步骤S14，向设置于所述活性炭过滤网下方的加压室注入氮气，当氮气的注入量达到预设值时，开启设置于所述加压室底部的流量控制阀以使加压室内的第二液体混合物通过DEAE离子交换柱进行离子交换层析，获取纯化的黄芪多糖浓缩液；Step S14, injecting nitrogen into the pressurized chamber disposed below the activated carbon filter, and when the injection amount of the nitrogen reaches a preset value, opening the flow control valve disposed at the bottom of the pressurized chamber to allow the second liquid mixture in the pressurized chamber to pass through a DEAE ion exchange column for ion exchange chromatography to obtain a purified astragalus polysaccharide concentrate;
步骤S15，设置于所述DEAE离子交换柱下方的冷冻箱将获取的黄芪多糖浓缩液在-70℃下冷冻干燥，研磨成粉，以获取黄芪多糖浓缩粉。Step S15, freeze-drying the obtained astragalus polysaccharide concentrated liquid at -70°C in a freezer disposed below the DEAE ion exchange column, and grinding the obtained astragalus polysaccharide concentrated liquid into powder to obtain astragalus polysaccharide concentrated powder.
具体而言，本实施例中氮气的注入量的预设值等于加压室的气体容积。Specifically, the preset value of the injection amount of nitrogen in this embodiment is equal to the gas volume of the pressurized chamber.
具体而言，本发明中降血糖的主要作用物质为黄芪多糖，本发明通过对黄芪多糖进行提纯使同一配比的黄芪内的黄芪多糖的作用最大化，通过对黄芪的提纯使人体更多的吸收黄芪多糖，本发明通过磷酸作为增大黄芪多糖溶解度的溶剂，能够有效解决乙醇加热挥发的问题，且磷酸作为弱酸，以磷酸为缓冲液更容易控制缓冲液的pH。Specifically, the main substance for lowering blood sugar in the present invention is astragalus polysaccharide. The present invention maximizes the effect of astragalus polysaccharide in the same ratio of astragalus by purifying astragalus polysaccharide, and allows the human body to absorb more astragalus polysaccharide by purifying astragalus. The present invention uses phosphoric acid as a solvent to increase the solubility of astragalus polysaccharide, which can effectively solve the problem of ethanol volatilization when heated. Phosphoric acid is a weak acid, and it is easier to control the pH of the buffer solution by using phosphoric acid as a buffer solution.
在所述步骤S11中，当所述控制单元控制所述第一主气缸驱动所述锯齿刀片的锯齿嵌入黄芪原材内直至设置于外壳内表面用于获取锯齿刀片图像的第一图像采集装置获取的锯齿刀片图像内不存在锯齿时，控制单元根据黄芪原材的平均直径获取锯齿刀片的最小嵌入深度，其中，In step S11, when the control unit controls the first main cylinder to drive the sawtooth blade to embed the sawtooth into the astragalus raw material until there are no sawtooths in the sawtooth blade image acquired by the first image acquisition device disposed on the inner surface of the housing for acquiring the sawtooth blade image, the control unit acquires the minimum embedding depth of the sawtooth blade according to the average diameter of the astragalus raw material, wherein:
若黄芪原材的平均直径小于等于预设标准直径，所述控制单元获取所述锯齿刀片的最小嵌入深度为第一最小嵌入深度；If the average diameter of the astragalus raw material is less than or equal to the preset standard diameter, the control unit obtains the minimum embedding depth of the serrated blade as a first minimum embedding depth;
若黄芪原材的平均直径大于预设标准直径，所述控制单元获取所述锯齿刀片的最小嵌入深度为第二最小嵌入深度；If the average diameter of the astragalus raw material is greater than the preset standard diameter, the control unit obtains the minimum embedding depth of the serrated blade as a second minimum embedding depth;
其中，设定第一最小嵌入深度h1为所述锯齿刀片的锯齿高度△h，设定第二最小嵌入深度h2＝△h+0.25×(D-D0)，式中，D为黄芪原材的平均直径，D0为所述控制单元内置的预设标准直径；The first minimum embedding depth h1 is set to be the sawtooth height △h of the serrated blade, and the second minimum embedding depth h2 is set to be △h+0.25×(D-D0), where D is the average diameter of the astragalus raw material, and D0 is the preset standard diameter built into the control unit;
其中，当所述控制单元获取所述锯齿刀片的最小嵌入深度为第一最小嵌入深度时，控制单元判定不对所述锯齿刀片的位置进行调节；当所述控制单元获取所述锯齿刀片的最小嵌入深度为第二最小嵌入深度时，控制单元控制所述第一主气缸驱动所述锯齿刀片下移，下移距离为0.25×(D-D0)。Among them, when the control unit obtains the minimum embedding depth of the serrated blade as the first minimum embedding depth, the control unit determines not to adjust the position of the serrated blade; when the control unit obtains the minimum embedding depth of the serrated blade as the second minimum embedding depth, the control unit controls the first main cylinder to drive the serrated blade to move downward, and the downward movement distance is 0.25×(D-D0).
具体而言，本实施例中控制单元内置的预设标准直径为0.8cm，锯齿刀片的锯齿高度为0.1cm。Specifically, the preset standard diameter built into the control unit in this embodiment is 0.8 cm, and the sawtooth height of the serrated blade is 0.1 cm.
具体而言，本实施例中采用的黄芪原材的直径为1cm左右。Specifically, the diameter of the Astragalus raw material used in this embodiment is about 1 cm.
具体而言，黄芪去皮后，其中的活性成分更易释放，药效更加明显，由于野生黄芪表皮存在较多尘土等杂质，对黄芪去皮能够提高药材的洁净度，当黄芪的平均直径较大时，选取锯齿刀片对黄芪较大的嵌入深度能够保证较高的去皮率，当黄芪的平均直径较小时，选取锯齿刀片对黄芪较小的嵌入深度能够保证黄芪原材的利用率。Specifically, after the astragalus is peeled, the active ingredients in it are easier to release and the medicinal effect is more obvious. Since there are more dust and other impurities on the surface of wild astragalus, peeling the astragalus can improve the cleanliness of the medicinal material. When the average diameter of the astragalus is larger, selecting a serrated blade with a larger embedding depth of the astragalus can ensure a higher peeling rate. When the average diameter of the astragalus is smaller, selecting a serrated blade with a smaller embedding depth of the astragalus can ensure the utilization rate of the astragalus raw material.
当完成对黄芪原材的去皮时，所述控制单元根据去皮后的黄芪原材的平均直径获取所述伸缩杆的伸缩速度，其中，When the peeling of the astragalus raw material is completed, the control unit obtains the telescopic speed of the telescopic rod according to the average diameter of the peeled astragalus raw material, wherein:
若去皮后的黄芪原材的平均直径小于等于预设标准净直径，所述控制单元获取所述伸缩杆的伸缩速度为第一伸缩速度；If the average diameter of the peeled astragalus raw material is less than or equal to the preset standard net diameter, the control unit obtains the telescopic speed of the telescopic rod as the first telescopic speed;
若去皮后的黄芪原材的平均直径大于预设标准净直径，所述控制单元获取所述伸缩杆的伸缩速度为第二伸缩速度；If the average diameter of the peeled astragalus raw material is greater than the preset standard net diameter, the control unit obtains the telescopic speed of the telescopic rod as the second telescopic speed;
其中，设定第一伸缩速度v1＝v0×d0/d，设定第二伸缩速度v2＝v0×e-d/d0，式中，d为去皮后的黄芪原材的平均直径，d0为预设标准净直径，e为自然对数的底数，v0为所述第二主气缸在标准功率下所述伸缩杆的伸缩速度。Among them, the first telescopic speed v1 is set to v0×d0/d, and the second telescopic speed v2 is set to v0×e -d/d0 , wherein d is the average diameter of the peeled Astragalus raw material, d0 is the preset standard net diameter, e is the base of the natural logarithm, and v0 is the telescopic speed of the telescopic rod of the second master cylinder under standard power.
具体而言，本实施例中v0＝2.0cm/s，控制单元预设d0＝0.5cm。Specifically, in this embodiment, v0=2.0 cm/s, and the control unit presets d0=0.5 cm.
具体而言，本实施例中步进电机以额定功率运行，切割刀片的转速为2.5r/s。Specifically, in this embodiment, the stepper motor operates at rated power, and the rotation speed of the cutting blade is 2.5 r/s.
具体而言，本发明中伸缩杆的伸缩速度越大，切割获取的黄芪切割块体积越大，当去皮的黄芪直径较大时，选取较小的伸缩速度能够保证黄芪切割块体积不会过大以避免铣轮卡顿而无法研磨，降低效率；当去皮的黄芪直径较小时，选取较大的伸缩速度能够保证切割效率。Specifically, the greater the telescopic speed of the telescopic rod in the present invention, the larger the volume of the astragalus cut block obtained by cutting. When the diameter of the peeled astragalus is large, selecting a smaller telescopic speed can ensure that the volume of the astragalus cut block is not too large to avoid the milling wheel getting stuck and unable to grind, thereby reducing efficiency; when the diameter of the peeled astragalus is small, selecting a larger telescopic speed can ensure cutting efficiency.
在所述步骤S12中，当设置于外壳夹层内的若干加热丝的加热时间达到30s时，当设置于外壳夹层内的若干加热丝的加热时间达到30s时，设置于所述外壳内壁表面的第二图像采集装置获取第一固液混合物的上清液的图像并将第一固液混合物的上清液的图像传输至所述控制单元，控制单元根据所述图像的灰度对各相邻铣轮之间的间距进行调节，其中，In the step S12, when the heating time of the plurality of heating wires arranged in the shell interlayer reaches 30s, the second image acquisition device arranged on the inner wall surface of the shell acquires the image of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture and transmits the image of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture to the control unit, and the control unit adjusts the spacing between adjacent milling wheels according to the grayscale of the image, wherein,
若所述图像的灰度大于等于预设灰度，所述控制单元判定不对各所述相邻铣轮之间的间距进行调节；If the grayscale of the image is greater than or equal to a preset grayscale, the control unit determines not to adjust the spacing between the adjacent milling wheels;
若所述图像的灰度小于预设灰度，所述控制单元判定将各所述相邻铣轮之间的间距调节至第二铣轮间距；If the grayscale of the image is less than the preset grayscale, the control unit determines to adjust the spacing between the adjacent milling wheels to the second milling wheel spacing;
其中，设定第二铣轮间距y2＝max{y1-y1×(A0-A)2/A02，ymin}，式中，y1为第一铣轮间距，A0为预设灰度，A为所述图像的灰度，ymin为各所述相邻铣轮之间的最小允许间距。The second milling wheel spacing y2 is set to be max{y1-y1×(A0-A)2/A0 2 , ymin}, where y1 is the first milling wheel spacing, A0 is the preset grayscale, A is the grayscale of the image, and ymin is the minimum allowable spacing between adjacent milling wheels.
具体而言，本实施例中各所述相邻铣轮之间的最小允许间距为y0+8mm，y0为铣轮直径。Specifically, in this embodiment, the minimum allowable spacing between adjacent milling wheels is y0+8mm, where y0 is the diameter of the milling wheel.
具体而言，本实施例中各相邻铣轮之间的初始标准间距为第一铣轮间距y1，y1＝y0+15mm，控制单元通过对各第一副气缸与各第二副气缸的调节实现各铣轮位置的调节，其中，调节后的各相邻铣轮之间的间距相等。Specifically, in this embodiment, the initial standard spacing between adjacent milling wheels is the first milling wheel spacing y1, y1=y0+15mm, and the control unit adjusts the position of each milling wheel by adjusting each first sub-cylinder and each second sub-cylinder, wherein the spacing between adjacent milling wheels after adjustment is equal.
具体而言，黄芪多糖在溶液中的纯度越高，其颜色越浅，即灰度越大，本发明通过第二图像采集装置获取的第一固液混合物的上清液的灰度判断黄芪多糖在磷酸缓冲液内的溶解度，当黄芪多糖在磷酸缓冲液内的溶解度较小时，通过调节铣轮间的间距对研磨细度进行调节，以增大黄芪多糖在溶剂中的溶解量。Specifically, the higher the purity of astragalus polysaccharide in the solution, the lighter its color, that is, the greater the grayscale. The present invention determines the solubility of astragalus polysaccharide in phosphate buffer by the grayscale of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture obtained by the second image acquisition device. When the solubility of astragalus polysaccharide in phosphate buffer is relatively low, the grinding fineness is adjusted by adjusting the spacing between the milling wheels to increase the amount of astragalus polysaccharide dissolved in the solvent.
当所述控制单元将各所述相邻铣轮之间的间距调节至第二铣轮间距时，控制单元根据第二铣轮间距对所述伸缩杆的伸缩速度进行调节，其中，When the control unit adjusts the spacing between the adjacent milling wheels to the second milling wheel spacing, the control unit adjusts the telescopic speed of the telescopic rod according to the second milling wheel spacing, wherein:
若第二铣轮间距小于等于第一铣轮间距与各所述相邻铣轮之间的最小允许间距的平均值，所述控制单元将所述伸缩杆的伸缩速度调节至第三伸缩速度；If the second milling wheel spacing is less than or equal to the average value of the first milling wheel spacing and the minimum allowable spacing between each of the adjacent milling wheels, the control unit adjusts the telescopic speed of the telescopic rod to a third telescopic speed;
若第二铣轮间距大于第一铣轮间距与各所述相邻铣轮之间的最小允许间距的平均值，所述控制单元将所述伸缩杆的伸缩速度调节至第四伸缩速度；If the second milling wheel spacing is greater than the average of the first milling wheel spacing and the minimum allowable spacing between each of the adjacent milling wheels, the control unit adjusts the telescopic speed of the telescopic rod to a fourth telescopic speed;
其中，设定第三伸缩速度v3＝vz×y22/(0.5×(y1+ymin))2，设定第四伸缩速度v4＝vz×y2/(0.5×(y1+ymin))，z＝1，2。Among them, the third stretching speed v3 is set to vz×y22/(0.5×(y1+ymin))2, and the fourth stretching speed v4 is set to vz×y2/(0.5×(y1+ymin)), z=1,2.
当各所述加热丝的加热时长达到60min时，所述控制单元根据第一固液混合物的上清液的最终灰度获取第一固液混合物的上清液的提取量，其中，When the heating time of each of the heating wires reaches 60 minutes, the control unit obtains the extraction amount of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture according to the final grayscale of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture, wherein:
若第一固液混合物的上清液的最终灰度大于等于预设灰度，所述控制单元获取第一固液混合物的上清液的提取量为第一提取量；If the final grayscale of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture is greater than or equal to the preset grayscale, the control unit obtains the extraction amount of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture as the first extraction amount;
若第一固液混合物的上清液的最终灰度小于预设灰度，所述控制单元获取第一固液混合物的上清液的提取量为第二提取量；If the final grayscale of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture is less than the preset grayscale, the control unit obtains the extraction amount of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture as the second extraction amount;
其中，设定第一提取量V1＝min{1/3×V×A/A0，0.7×V}，设定第二提取量V2＝1/3×V×(A/A0)0.5，V为加入的磷酸缓冲液的体积，A为第一固液混合物的上清液的当前灰度，A0为预设灰度。The first extraction volume V1 is set to min{1/3×V×A/A0, 0.7×V}, and the second extraction volume V2 is set to 1/3×V×(A/A0) 0.5 , where V is the volume of the added phosphate buffer, A is the current grayscale of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture, and A0 is the preset grayscale.
具体而言，本实施例中，加入的磷酸缓冲液的体积为300ml，预设灰度为195。Specifically, in this embodiment, the volume of the added phosphate buffer is 300 ml, and the preset grayscale is 195.
具体而言，本发明根据第一固液混合物的最终的灰度获取第一固液混合物的上清液的提取量，其中，第一固液混合物的上清液的灰度越大，能够判定黄芪多糖在磷酸混合液的溶解度越大，对所述上清液的提取量越多；第一固液混合物的上清液的灰度越小，能够判定黄芪多糖在磷酸混合液的溶解度越小，提取较少量的上清液，通过对第一固液混合物的后续处理，提高黄芪多糖的浓度。Specifically, the present invention obtains the extraction amount of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture according to the final grayscale of the first solid-liquid mixture, wherein the greater the grayscale of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture, the greater the solubility of astragalus polysaccharide in the phosphoric acid mixture can be determined, and the more the supernatant is extracted; the smaller the grayscale of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture, the smaller the solubility of astragalus polysaccharide in the phosphoric acid mixture can be determined, and a smaller amount of supernatant is extracted, and the concentration of astragalus polysaccharide is increased by subsequent treatment of the first solid-liquid mixture.
所述控制单元根据第一固液混合物的上清液的提取量判定是否向第一固液混合物的上清液内加入所述步骤S13获取的第二固液混合物的过滤液，其中，The control unit determines whether to add the filtrate of the second solid-liquid mixture obtained in step S13 to the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture according to the extraction amount of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture, wherein:
若第一固液混合物的上清液的提取量小于等于最小预设提取量，所述控制单元根据上清液的灰度判定是否加入第二固液混合物的过滤液；If the extraction amount of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture is less than or equal to the minimum preset extraction amount, the control unit determines whether to add the filtrate of the second solid-liquid mixture according to the grayscale of the supernatant;
若第一固液混合物的上清液的提取量大于最小预设提取量，所述控制单元判定不加入第二固液混合物的过滤液。If the extraction amount of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture is greater than the minimum preset extraction amount, the control unit determines not to add the filtrate of the second solid-liquid mixture.
具体而言，本实施例中设定最小预设提取量Vmin＝1/3×V。Specifically, in this embodiment, the minimum preset extraction amount Vmin=1/3×V is set.
当第一固液混合物的上清液的提取量小于等于最小预设提取量时，所述控制单元判定，When the extraction amount of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture is less than or equal to the minimum preset extraction amount, the control unit determines that:
若预设灰度与第一固液混合物的上清液的最终灰度的差值小于等于16，所述控制单元判定不加入第二固液混合物的过滤液；If the difference between the preset grayscale and the final grayscale of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture is less than or equal to 16, the control unit determines not to add the filtrate of the second solid-liquid mixture;
若预设灰度与第一固液混合物的上清液的最终灰度的差值大于16，所述控制单元判定加入第二固液混合物的过滤液。If the difference between the preset grayscale and the final grayscale of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture is greater than 16, the control unit determines to add the filtrate of the second solid-liquid mixture.
具体而言，当第一固液混合物的上清液的提取量小于等于最小预设提取量时，本发明通过第一固液混合物的上清液的灰度判定是否加入第二固液混合物的过滤液，预设灰度与第一固液混合物的上清液的灰度的差值较大时，加入第二固液混合物的过滤液能够增加溶液中黄芪多糖的含量，避免最终获得的中药饮药性不足，预设灰度与第一固液混合物的上清液的灰度的差值较小时，能够判定黄芪多糖的纯度符合要求，不必外加第二固液混合物的过滤液。Specifically, when the extraction amount of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture is less than or equal to the minimum preset extraction amount, the present invention determines whether to add the filtrate of the second solid-liquid mixture by the grayscale of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture. When the difference between the preset grayscale and the grayscale of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture is large, adding the filtrate of the second solid-liquid mixture can increase the content of astragalus polysaccharides in the solution, thereby avoiding insufficient medicinal properties of the Chinese herbal medicine obtained in the end. When the difference between the preset grayscale and the grayscale of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture is small, it can be determined that the purity of astragalus polysaccharides meets the requirements, and there is no need to add the filtrate of the second solid-liquid mixture.
当所述控制单元判定向第一固液混合物的上清液内加入第二固液混合物的过滤液时，控制单元根据第一固液混合物的上清液的提取量以及第一固液混合物的上清液的最终灰度获取第二固液混合物的过滤液的加入量，其中，When the control unit determines to add the filtrate of the second solid-liquid mixture to the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture, the control unit obtains the added amount of the filtrate of the second solid-liquid mixture according to the extracted amount of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture and the final grayscale of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture, wherein:
若(Vi/Vmin)2×(A/A0)≤1，所述控制单元获取第二固液混合物的过滤液的加入量为第一注入量；If (Vi/Vmin)2×(A/A0)≤1, the control unit obtains the amount of the filtrate of the second solid-liquid mixture as the first injection amount;
若(Vi/Vmin)2×(A/A0)＞1，所述控制单元获取第二固液混合物的过滤液的加入量为第二注入量；If (Vi/Vmin)2×(A/A0)>1, the control unit obtains the added amount of the filtrate of the second solid-liquid mixture as the second injection amount;
其中，设定第一注入量V1’＝(Vmin/Vi)2×(A0/A)×0.5×V，设定第二注入量V2’＝0.5×V×(Vi/Vmin)2×(A/A0)-Vi，式中，i＝1，2，Vmin为第一固液混合物的上清液的最小预设提取量。Among them, the first injection amount V1’ is set to (Vmin/Vi)2×(A0/A)×0.5×V, and the second injection amount V2’ is set to 0.5×V×(Vi/Vmin)2×(A/A0)-Vi, where i=1, 2, and Vmin is the minimum preset extraction amount of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture.
当所述控制单元获取所述加压室内的第二液体混合物为第一固液混合物的上清液与第二固液混合物的过滤液的混合物时，控制单元判定将所述DEAE离子交换柱的pH值调节至第一酸碱度；When the control unit obtains that the second liquid mixture in the pressurized chamber is a mixture of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture and the filtrate of the second solid-liquid mixture, the control unit determines to adjust the pH value of the DEAE ion exchange column to the first pH value;
当所述控制单元获取所述加压室内的第二液体混合物为第一固液混合物的上清液时，控制单元判定将所述DEAE离子交换柱的pH值调节至第二酸碱度；When the control unit obtains that the second liquid mixture in the pressurized chamber is the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture, the control unit determines to adjust the pH value of the DEAE ion exchange column to a second pH value;
其中，设定第一酸碱度S1＝max{7.5-Vr’/Vi，6}，设定第二酸碱度S2＝min{7.5+Vi/Vmin，9}，式中，r＝1，2。Among them, the first pH value S1 is set to max{7.5-Vr’/Vi, 6}, and the second pH value S2 is set to min{7.5+Vi/Vmin, 9}, where r=1, 2.
具体而言，DEAE离子交换柱的pH值通过缓冲液的注入以进行调节。Specifically, the pH value of the DEAE ion exchange column was adjusted by injection of buffer.
具体而言，由于第二固液混合物的的过滤液中含有大量乙醇，能够与磷酸缓冲液发生可逆反应是，生成醋酸以及三水合磷酸，对溶液的pH值有一定程度的影响，本发明根据是否混合第二固液混合物的过滤液获取DEAE离子交换柱的pH值，能够提高黄芪多糖的纯度。Specifically, since the filtrate of the second solid-liquid mixture contains a large amount of ethanol, it can undergo a reversible reaction with the phosphate buffer to generate acetic acid and trihydrate phosphoric acid, which has a certain degree of influence on the pH value of the solution. The present invention obtains the pH value of the DEAE ion exchange column based on whether the filtrate of the second solid-liquid mixture is mixed, which can improve the purity of astragalus polysaccharides.
当完成对所述DEAE离子交换柱的pH值的调节时，所述控制单元根据所述DEAE离子交换柱的pH值以及所述加压室内的第二液体混合物的体积获取进入DEAE离子交换柱的第二液体混合物的流速，其中，When the pH value of the DEAE ion exchange column is adjusted, the control unit obtains the flow rate of the second liquid mixture entering the DEAE ion exchange column according to the pH value of the DEAE ion exchange column and the volume of the second liquid mixture in the pressurized chamber, wherein:
若所述DEAE离子交换柱的pH值小于等于7.5，所述控制单元获取进入所述DEAE离子交换柱的第二液体混合物的流速为第一流速；If the pH value of the DEAE ion exchange column is less than or equal to 7.5, the control unit obtains the flow rate of the second liquid mixture entering the DEAE ion exchange column as the first flow rate;
若所述DEAE离子交换柱的pH值大于7.5，所述控制单元获取进入所述DEAE离子交换柱的第二液体混合物的流速为第二流速；If the pH value of the DEAE ion exchange column is greater than 7.5, the control unit obtains the flow rate of the second liquid mixture entering the DEAE ion exchange column as a second flow rate;
其中，设定第一流速v1＝v0×(1+V”/(Va+V”))×(Su/7.5)，第二流速v2＝v0×Su/7.5×V”/Va，式中，u＝1，2，v0为流量控制阀对流体的预设标准流速，V”为所述加压室内的第二液体混合物的体积，Va＝0.5×Vd，Vd为所述加压室的容积。Among them, the first flow rate v1 is set to v0×(1+V”/(Va+V”))×(Su/7.5), and the second flow rate v2 is set to v0×Su/7.5×V”/Va, where u=1, 2, v0 is the preset standard flow rate of the flow control valve for the fluid, V” is the volume of the second liquid mixture in the pressurized chamber, Va=0.5×Vd, and Vd is the volume of the pressurized chamber.
具体而言，本实施例中流量控制阀对流体的预设标准流速为0.01m/s。Specifically, the preset standard flow rate of the flow control valve for the fluid in this embodiment is 0.01 m/s.
具体而言，DEAE离子交换柱的pH值与进入DEAE离子交换柱的溶液的pH值的差值以及进入DEAE离子交换柱的溶液的流速均影响容易的提纯度，本发明中DEAE离子交换柱的pH值通过溶液的酸碱性获取，因此根据DEAE离子交换柱的pH值获取进入DEAE离子交换柱的溶液的流速能够最大程度的对溶液进行提纯的同时保证提纯的效率。Specifically, the difference between the pH value of the DEAE ion exchange column and the pH value of the solution entering the DEAE ion exchange column and the flow rate of the solution entering the DEAE ion exchange column both affect the degree of purification. In the present invention, the pH value of the DEAE ion exchange column is obtained by the acidity and alkalinity of the solution. Therefore, obtaining the flow rate of the solution entering the DEAE ion exchange column according to the pH value of the DEAE ion exchange column can purify the solution to the greatest extent while ensuring the purification efficiency.
实施例一：Embodiment 1:
步骤S1，包括，Step S1 comprises:
步骤S11，将杆状的黄芪原材放入与外壳相连接的入料槽内，使与所述入料槽相连接的主电机与黄芪原材固定连接，控制单元控制与所述外壳相连接的第一主气缸启动以带动锯齿刀片的锯齿嵌入黄芪，当锯齿刀片的锯齿以0.15cm的深度嵌入黄芪时，所述控制单元启动所述主电机使黄芪原材旋转一周，并启动与外壳相连接的电动转轴以带动与所述电动转轴相连接的旋转门向上旋转90°，控制单元根据黄芪原材的平均直径获取与第一主气缸连接的伸缩杆的伸缩速度为1.92cm/s，并控制与所述伸缩杆相连接的步进电机启动以驱动与步进电机通过螺杆连接的切割刀片转动获取去皮的黄芪原材的切割块，控制单元控制与所述外壳相连接的研磨机构启动对去皮的黄芪原材的切割块进行研磨以获取黄芪粉末；Step S11, putting the rod-shaped astragalus raw material into the feeding trough connected to the shell, so that the main motor connected to the feeding trough is fixedly connected to the astragalus raw material, the control unit controls the first main cylinder connected to the shell to start to drive the saw teeth of the serrated blade to embed into the astragalus, when the saw teeth of the serrated blade are embedded into the astragalus at a depth of 0.15 cm, the control unit starts the main motor to rotate the astragalus raw material for one circle, and starts the electric shaft connected to the shell to drive the revolving door connected to the electric shaft to rotate upward 90°, the control unit obtains the telescopic speed of the telescopic rod connected to the first main cylinder as 1.92 cm/s according to the average diameter of the astragalus raw material, and controls the stepper motor connected to the telescopic rod to start to drive the cutting blade connected to the stepper motor through a screw to rotate to obtain the cut pieces of peeled astragalus raw material, and the control unit controls the grinding mechanism connected to the shell to start grinding the cut pieces of peeled astragalus raw material to obtain astragalus powder;
步骤S12，通过贯穿连接于外壳的入料管向所述步骤S11获取的黄芪粉末加入pH值为6-8的磷酸缓冲液使其膨胀以获取第一固液混合物，并将第一固液混合物通过设置于所述外壳的夹层内的加热丝以80-90℃的温度加热60min，当第一固液混合物冷却至室温后，开启设置于与外壳相连接的第一出料管内的第一止回阀以使上清液通过设置于外壳下方的活性炭过滤网，并获取将第一固液混合物的上清液分离后的下层混合物；Step S12, adding a phosphate buffer solution with a pH value of 6-8 to the astragalus powder obtained in step S11 through a feed pipe connected to the shell to expand it to obtain a first solid-liquid mixture, and heating the first solid-liquid mixture at a temperature of 80-90° C. for 60 minutes through a heating wire arranged in the interlayer of the shell, and when the first solid-liquid mixture is cooled to room temperature, opening a first check valve arranged in a first discharge pipe connected to the shell to allow the supernatant to pass through an activated carbon filter arranged below the shell, and obtaining a lower layer mixture after separating the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture;
步骤S13，将所述步骤S12获取的第一固液混合物的上清液采用所述活性炭过滤网进行过滤获取第一液体混合物，将步骤S12获取的下层混合物中的液体排出后干燥以获取干燥的固体粉末，向干燥的固体粉末内加入乙醇，静置6min以获取第二固液混合物，控制单元根据第一固液混合物的上清液的提取量判定是否开启流量控制阀以向第一固液混合物的上清液内加入第二固液混合物的过滤液；Step S13, filtering the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture obtained in step S12 using the activated carbon filter to obtain a first liquid mixture, draining the liquid in the lower layer mixture obtained in step S12 and drying it to obtain a dry solid powder, adding ethanol to the dry solid powder, and letting it stand for 6 minutes to obtain a second solid-liquid mixture, and the control unit determines whether to open the flow control valve to add the filtrate of the second solid-liquid mixture to the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture according to the extraction amount of the supernatant of the first solid-liquid mixture;
步骤S14，向设置于所述活性炭过滤网下方的加压室注入氮气，当氮气的注入量达到5L时，开启设置于所述加压室底部的流量控制阀以使加压室内的第二液体混合物通过DEAE离子交换柱进行离子交换层析，获取纯化的黄芪多糖浓缩液，其中，DEAE离子交换柱的pH值为7.3，第二液体混合物进入，DEAE离子交换柱流速为0.013m/s；Step S14, injecting nitrogen into the pressurized chamber disposed below the activated carbon filter, when the injection amount of nitrogen reaches 5L, opening the flow control valve disposed at the bottom of the pressurized chamber to allow the second liquid mixture in the pressurized chamber to pass through a DEAE ion exchange column for ion exchange chromatography to obtain a purified astragalus polysaccharide concentrate, wherein the pH value of the DEAE ion exchange column is 7.3, and the second liquid mixture enters the DEAE ion exchange column, and the flow rate is 0.013m/s;
步骤S15，设置于所述DEAE离子交换柱下方的冷冻箱将获取的黄芪多糖浓缩液在-70℃下冷冻干燥，研磨成粉，以获取纯度为90.1％的黄芪多糖浓缩粉；Step S15, freeze-drying the obtained astragalus polysaccharide concentrated liquid at -70°C in a freezer disposed below the DEAE ion exchange column, and grinding the obtained astragalus polysaccharide concentrated liquid into powder to obtain astragalus polysaccharide concentrated powder with a purity of 90.1%;
步骤S2，将川芎、茯苓以及白芍混合得到第一混合物，将第一混合物表面用清水冲洗干净，采用乙醇浸泡7h后在-10℃下冷冻干燥及粉碎以获取第一固体混合物；Step S2, mixing Chuanxiong, Poria cocos and Paeonia lactiflora to obtain a first mixture, washing the surface of the first mixture with clean water, soaking it in ethanol for 7 hours, and then freeze-drying and crushing it at -10°C to obtain a first solid mixture;
步骤S3，将苦瓜、蒲公英、甘草、山楂进行低温高压膨化处理，处理完成后冷却至室温后进行机械破壁得到第二固体混合物，其中，低温高压膨化处理的气体为氮气，温度为80℃，压力为6MPa，处理时间为1.5min；Step S3, subjecting the bitter melon, dandelion, licorice and hawthorn to low-temperature and high-pressure puffing treatment, cooling to room temperature after the treatment, and then mechanically breaking the wall to obtain a second solid mixture, wherein the gas for the low-temperature and high-pressure puffing treatment is nitrogen, the temperature is 80° C., the pressure is 6 MPa, and the treatment time is 1.5 min;
步骤S4，将黄芪多糖浓缩粉与第一固体混合物混合，加入阿胶，煎煮10min得到第三混合物，向第三混合物中加入第二固体混合物并煎煮3min以得到第四混合物，第四混合物冷却至室温后采用微波干燥对第四混合物进行干燥处理，并将干燥后的第四混合物进行粉碎，获取降血糖的中药饮颗粒；其中，第一固体混合物的质量与阿胶的质量比为1：2。Step S4, mixing the astragalus polysaccharide concentrated powder with the first solid mixture, adding donkey-hide gelatin, and boiling for 10 minutes to obtain a third mixture, adding the second solid mixture to the third mixture and boiling for 3 minutes to obtain a fourth mixture, cooling the fourth mixture to room temperature, drying the fourth mixture by microwave drying, and crushing the dried fourth mixture to obtain blood sugar-lowering Chinese medicine granules; wherein the mass ratio of the first solid mixture to the donkey-hide gelatin is 1:2.
实施例二：Embodiment 2:
其具体制备方法与实施例一相同，实施例二中采用的磷酸缓冲液的pH值为8，黄芪多糖浓缩粉的纯度达到89.2％，第一固体混合物的质量与阿胶的质量比为1：2.2。The specific preparation method is the same as that of Example 1. The pH value of the phosphate buffer used in Example 2 is 8, the purity of the astragalus polysaccharide concentrated powder reaches 89.2%, and the mass ratio of the first solid mixture to the donkey-hide gelatin is 1:2.2.
实施例三：Embodiment three:
其具体制备方法与实施例一相同，实施例三中采用的磷酸缓冲液的pH值为7，黄芪多糖浓缩粉的纯度达到84.0％，第一固体混合物的质量与阿胶的质量比为1：2.5。The specific preparation method is the same as that of Example 1. The pH value of the phosphate buffer used in Example 3 is 7, the purity of the astragalus polysaccharide concentrated powder reaches 84.0%, and the mass ratio of the first solid mixture to the mass ratio of donkey-hide gelatin is 1:2.5.
以实施例1作为试验例1，以实施例2作为试验例2，以实施例3作为试验例3的中药制剂药理学试验；The pharmacological test of the Chinese medicine preparation was conducted using Example 1 as Test Example 1, Example 2 as Test Example 2, and Example 3 as Test Example 3;
试剂：葡萄糖、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)检测试剂盒：胰岛素(INS)放免试剂盒，链脲佐菌素，0.9％生理盐水，格列本脲片；Reagents: glucose, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) detection kit: insulin (INS) radioimmunoassay kit, streptozotocin, 0.9% saline, glibenclamide tablets;
动物：昆明种小鼠，雌雄各半，体重20±2g；SD大鼠，雌雄各半，250±30g；Animals: Kunming mice, half male and half female, weight 20±2g; SD rats, half male and half female, 250±30g;
方法：取SD大鼠，雌雄兼用，正常喂养7d，禁食12h，鼠尾取血测定正常血糖值，次日禁食(不禁水)12h，腹腔注射链STZ60mg/kg(脲佐菌素，配制方法：用0.1mmol/L，ph＝4.8的枸橼酸缓冲液将STZ配成1.5％的溶液，冰浴现配现用)制备高血糖大鼠模型，36h时大鼠尾取血测血糖，取血糖高于15.0mmol/mL的大鼠50只，按血糖值高低均衡配对分为5组，每组10只，分别为常规对照组、模型对照组、阳性药对照组(格列本脲片)、本发明中药制剂试验例1、试验例2及试验例3。灌胃给予蒸馏水15ml/kg(模型对照组)，本发明中药制剂的给药剂量为0.5g/kg，格列本脲片0.30g/kg(阳性对照组)，1次/d，连续给药7d。给药后断尾取血分离血清，测定血糖值，按试剂盒操作方法进行；Method: SD rats, both male and female, were taken, fed normally for 7 days, fasted for 12 hours, blood was taken from the tail of the rats to determine the normal blood sugar value, fasted for 12 hours the next day (water was not allowed), and streptomycin 60 mg/kg (zotocin, preparation method: STZ was prepared into a 1.5% solution with 0.1 mmol/L, ph=4.8 citrate buffer, prepared in an ice bath) was injected intraperitoneally to prepare a hyperglycemic rat model, blood was taken from the tail of the rats to measure blood sugar at 36 hours, 50 rats with blood sugar higher than 15.0 mmol/mL were taken and divided into 5 groups with 10 rats in each group according to the balanced pairing of blood sugar values, namely, the conventional control group, the model control group, the positive drug control group (glibenclamide tablets), the Chinese medicine preparation test example 1 of the present invention, test example 2 and test example 3. Distilled water 15 ml/kg (model control group) was given by gavage, the dosage of the Chinese medicine preparation of the present invention was 0.5 g/kg, and glibenclamide tablets 0.30 g/kg (positive control group), once/d, and the administration was continued for 7 days. After administration, the tail was cut off to collect blood for serum separation and blood sugar level determination according to the kit operation method;
结果：见表1。Results: See Table 1.
表1Table 1
至此，已经结合附图所示的优选实施方式描述了本发明的技术方案，但是，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，本发明的保护范围显然不局限于这些具体实施方式。在不偏离本发明的原理的前提下，本领域技术人员可以对相关技术特征做出等同的更改或替换，这些更改或替换之后的技术方案都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the protection scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principle of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例，并不用于限制本发明；对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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