CN117810803B - Microwave pulse generation system, method and storage medium - Google Patents
Microwave pulse generation system, method and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及微波光子技术领域，公开了一种微波脉冲产生系统、方法及存储介质，系统通过调制器将射频信号源传输的调制微波信号调制到光载波，形成调制光信号；通过可饱和吸收体对调制光信号进行非线性吸收，并输出吸收处理后的光信号；通过电耦合器将一部分滤波后的微波信号反馈至调制器，将另一部分滤波后的微波信号进行输出；在接收到电耦合器反馈的微波信号后，通过调制器将电耦合器反馈的微波信号调制到光载波，形成调制光信号，通过调制器调制和可饱和吸收体的被动锁模非线性损耗吸收，在时域对微波信号的脉冲进行压缩，解决传统光电振荡器存在的脉冲过宽问题，实现稳定的窄脉冲微波输出。
The invention relates to the field of microwave photon technology, and discloses a microwave pulse generation system, method and storage medium. The system modulates a modulated microwave signal transmitted by a radio frequency signal source to an optical carrier through a modulator to form a modulated optical signal; nonlinearly absorbs the modulated optical signal through a saturable absorber, and outputs the optical signal after absorption processing; feeds back a part of the filtered microwave signal to the modulator through an electric coupler, and outputs the other part of the filtered microwave signal; after receiving the microwave signal fed back by the electric coupler, modulates the microwave signal fed back by the electric coupler to an optical carrier through a modulator to form a modulated optical signal, and compresses the pulse of the microwave signal in the time domain through modulation by the modulator and passive mode-locked nonlinear loss absorption by the saturable absorber, thereby solving the problem of excessively wide pulses existing in traditional optoelectronic oscillators and realizing stable narrow-pulse microwave output.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及微波光子技术领域，尤其涉及一种微波脉冲产生系统、方法及存储介质。The present invention relates to the field of microwave photon technology, and in particular to a microwave pulse generation system, method and storage medium.
背景技术Background technique
光电振荡器使用光电混合谐振腔替代传统微波谐振腔，得益于电光调制技术与光纤低损耗特性，实现了高品质因数的闭环回路，并且光电混合谐振腔的品质因数不随振荡频率的增大而降低，被认为是未来微波信号产生的一种优良方案。光电振荡器的工作原理是基于正反馈原理，即将振荡信号通过光电混合路径反馈到输入端形成闭合回路。具体来说，光电振荡器中的光电探测器将光信号转换为电信号，电信号经由电放大器放大和电带通滤波器滤波后，通过电光调制器反馈回输入端，与原本的振荡信号进行耦合产生新的振荡信号，从而形成振荡的循环。当光电振荡器开环增益大于1，并且振荡信号满足相位匹配条件时，可以得到稳定的微波信号。然而传统的光电振荡器只能产生连续的、频率单一的微波信号，不太适用于一些特殊的应用场景如多普勒雷达等。为了满足多普勒雷达等应用中对微波窄脉冲序列的要求，公开号为CN 111342332A的中国发明专利公开了一种主动锁模光电振荡器，公开号为CN 1 1 4 2 8 4 8 3 9A的中国发明专利公开了一种基于注入锁定的主动锁模光电振荡器来产生微波脉冲。但是上述两种方案产生的微波脉冲信号宽度受限于外部注入光电振荡器的微波信号频率，对于高分辨率雷达，目前已有的主动锁模光电振荡器产生的微波脉冲仍存在脉冲过宽的问题，现有的技术方案亟需优化改进。The optoelectronic oscillator uses an optoelectronic hybrid resonant cavity to replace the traditional microwave resonant cavity. Thanks to the electro-optical modulation technology and the low-loss characteristics of optical fiber, a closed-loop circuit with a high quality factor is realized. The quality factor of the optoelectronic hybrid resonant cavity does not decrease with the increase of the oscillation frequency. It is considered to be an excellent solution for the generation of microwave signals in the future. The working principle of the optoelectronic oscillator is based on the positive feedback principle, that is, the oscillation signal is fed back to the input end through the optoelectronic hybrid path to form a closed loop. Specifically, the photodetector in the optoelectronic oscillator converts the optical signal into an electrical signal. After the electrical signal is amplified by the electrical amplifier and filtered by the electrical bandpass filter, it is fed back to the input end through the electro-optical modulator, and coupled with the original oscillation signal to generate a new oscillation signal, thereby forming an oscillation cycle. When the open-loop gain of the optoelectronic oscillator is greater than 1 and the oscillation signal meets the phase matching condition, a stable microwave signal can be obtained. However, the traditional optoelectronic oscillator can only generate continuous, single-frequency microwave signals, which are not suitable for some special application scenarios such as Doppler radar. In order to meet the requirements for microwave narrow pulse sequences in applications such as Doppler radar, the Chinese invention patent with publication number CN 111342332A discloses an active mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator, and the Chinese invention patent with publication number CN 1 1 4 2 8 4 8 3 9A discloses an active mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator based on injection locking to generate microwave pulses. However, the width of the microwave pulse signal generated by the above two schemes is limited by the microwave signal frequency of the external injection optoelectronic oscillator. For high-resolution radars, the microwave pulses generated by the existing active mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator still have the problem of excessive pulse width, and the existing technical solutions urgently need to be optimized and improved.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明提供一种微波脉冲产生系统、方法及存储介质，能够解决现有光电振荡器产生微波脉冲的脉冲宽度过宽问题。The present invention provides a microwave pulse generation system, method and storage medium, which can solve the problem of excessively wide pulse width of microwave pulses generated by existing photoelectric oscillators.
第一方面，提供了一种微波脉冲产生系统，所述系统包括激光器、调制器、可饱和吸收体、光电探测器、电放大器、电带通滤波器电耦合器和射频信号源，所述激光器、所述调制器、所述可饱和吸收体、所述光电探测器、所述电放大器、所述电带通滤波器和所述电耦合器依次连接，且所述电耦合器与所述调制器连接，以形成闭合的光电振荡回路，所述调制器还与射频信号源连接；其中，In a first aspect, a microwave pulse generating system is provided, the system comprising a laser, a modulator, a saturable absorber, a photodetector, an electric amplifier, an electric bandpass filter, an electric coupler and a radio frequency signal source, wherein the laser, the modulator, the saturable absorber, the photodetector, the electric amplifier, the electric bandpass filter and the electric coupler are connected in sequence, and the electric coupler is connected to the modulator to form a closed photoelectric oscillation loop, and the modulator is also connected to the radio frequency signal source; wherein,
所述激光器，用于产生光载波；The laser is used to generate an optical carrier;
所述射频信号源，用于产生调制微波信号对光载波进行调制；The radio frequency signal source is used to generate a modulated microwave signal to modulate the optical carrier;
所述调制器，用于将所述射频信号源传输的调制微波信号调制到所述光载波，形成调制光信号；The modulator is used to modulate the modulated microwave signal transmitted by the radio frequency signal source into the optical carrier to form a modulated optical signal;
所述可饱和吸收体，用于对所述调制光信号进行非线性吸收，并输出吸收处理后的光信号；The saturable absorber is used to perform nonlinear absorption on the modulated optical signal and output the optical signal after absorption processing;
所述光电探测器，用于将所述吸收处理后的光信号进行光电转换，形成光电流，并输出微波信号；The photodetector is used to perform photoelectric conversion on the absorbed light signal to form a photocurrent and output a microwave signal;
所述电放大器，用于将所述光电探测器输出的微波信号进行放大处理，输出放大后的微波信号；The electric amplifier is used to amplify the microwave signal output by the photoelectric detector and output the amplified microwave signal;
所述电带通滤波器，用于对所述放大后的微波信号进行滤波处理，输出滤波后的微波信号；The electrical bandpass filter is used to filter the amplified microwave signal and output the filtered microwave signal;
所述电耦合器，用于将一部分所述滤波后的微波信号反馈至所述调制器，将另一部分所述滤波后的微波信号进行输出；The electric coupler is used to feed back a part of the filtered microwave signal to the modulator and output another part of the filtered microwave signal;
所述调制器，还用于在接收到所述电耦合器反馈的微波信号后，将所述射频信号源传输的调制微波信号和所述电耦合器反馈的微波信号调制到所述光载波，形成调制光信号。The modulator is also used to modulate the modulated microwave signal transmitted by the radio frequency signal source and the microwave signal fed back by the electric coupler to the optical carrier to form a modulated optical signal after receiving the microwave signal fed back by the electric coupler.
第二方面，提供了一种微波脉冲产生方法，In a second aspect, a method for generating microwave pulses is provided.
应用于微波脉冲产生系统，所述系统包括激光器、调制器、可饱和吸收体、光电探测器、电放大器、电带通滤波器、电耦合器和射频信号源，所述激光器、所述调制器、所述可饱和吸收体、所述光电探测器、所述电放大器、所述电带通滤波器和所述电耦合器依次连接，且所述电耦合器与所述调制器连接，以形成闭合的光电振荡回路，所述调制器还与射频信号源连接；所述方法包括：The invention is applied to a microwave pulse generating system, wherein the system comprises a laser, a modulator, a saturable absorber, a photodetector, an electric amplifier, an electric bandpass filter, an electric coupler and a radio frequency signal source, wherein the laser, the modulator, the saturable absorber, the photodetector, the electric amplifier, the electric bandpass filter and the electric coupler are connected in sequence, and the electric coupler is connected to the modulator to form a closed photoelectric oscillation loop, and the modulator is also connected to the radio frequency signal source; the method comprises:
通过所述激光器产生光载波；generating an optical carrier wave by means of the laser;
通过所述射频信号源产生调制微波信号对光载波进行调制；The radio frequency signal source generates a modulated microwave signal to modulate the optical carrier;
通过所述调制器将所述射频信号源传输的调制微波信号调制到所述光载波，形成调制光信号；The modulated microwave signal transmitted by the radio frequency signal source is modulated onto the optical carrier by the modulator to form a modulated optical signal;
通过所述可饱和吸收体对所述调制光信号进行非线性吸收，并输出吸收处理后的光信号；performing nonlinear absorption on the modulated optical signal through the saturable absorber, and outputting the optical signal after absorption processing;
通过所述光电探测器将所述吸收处理后的光信号进行光电转换，形成光电流，并输出微波信号；The photoelectric detector performs photoelectric conversion on the absorbed light signal to form a photocurrent and output a microwave signal;
通过所述电放大器将所述光电探测器输出的微波信号进行放大处理，输出放大后的微波信号；amplifying the microwave signal output by the photoelectric detector through the electric amplifier, and outputting the amplified microwave signal;
通过所述电带通滤波器对所述放大后的微波信号进行滤波处理，输出滤波后的微波信号；Performing filtering processing on the amplified microwave signal by the electrical bandpass filter, and outputting the filtered microwave signal;
通过所述电耦合器将一部分所述滤波后的微波信号反馈至所述调制器，将另一部分所述滤波后的微波信号作进行输出；Feeding back a portion of the filtered microwave signal to the modulator through the electrical coupler, and outputting another portion of the filtered microwave signal;
在接收到所述电耦合器反馈的微波信号后，通过所述调制器将所述射频信号源传输的调制微波信号和所述电耦合器反馈的微波信号调制到所述光载波，形成调制光信号。After receiving the microwave signal fed back by the electric coupler, the modulated microwave signal transmitted by the radio frequency signal source and the microwave signal fed back by the electric coupler are modulated to the optical carrier by the modulator to form a modulated optical signal.
第三方面，提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述微波脉冲产生方法的步骤。In a third aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the above-mentioned microwave pulse generation method are implemented.
上述微波脉冲产生系统、方法及存储介质所实现的方案中，通过激光器产生光载波；通过调制器将射频信号源传输的调制微波信号调制到光载波，形成调制光信号；通过可饱和吸收体对调制光信号进行非线性吸收，并输出吸收处理后的光信号；通过光电探测器将吸收处理后的光信号进行光电转换，形成光电流，并输出微波信号；通过电放大器将光电探测器输出的微波信号进行放大处理，输出放大后的微波信号；通过电带通滤波器对放大后的微波信号进行滤波处理，输出滤波后的微波信号；通过电耦合器将一部分滤波后的微波信号反馈至调制器，将另一部分滤波后的微波信号作进行输出；在接收到电耦合器反馈的微波信号后，通过调制器将电耦合器反馈的微波信号调制到光载波，形成调制光信号，通过调制器调制和可饱和吸收体的被动锁模非线性损耗吸收，在时域对微波信号的脉冲进行压缩，解决传统光电振荡器存在的脉冲过宽问题，实现稳定的窄脉冲微波输出。本发明提供的方法与传统的主动锁模光电振荡器产生微波脉冲技术方案相比，在相同幅值下，能够进一步提高微波脉冲的占空比，极大地压缩系统的脉冲宽度。In the scheme implemented by the above microwave pulse generation system, method and storage medium, an optical carrier is generated by a laser; a modulated microwave signal transmitted by a radio frequency signal source is modulated to an optical carrier by a modulator to form a modulated optical signal; a saturable absorber nonlinearly absorbs the modulated optical signal and outputs an optical signal after absorption; a photoelectric detector performs photoelectric conversion on the optical signal after absorption to form a photocurrent and outputs a microwave signal; an electric amplifier amplifies the microwave signal output by the photodetector and outputs the amplified microwave signal; an electric bandpass filter filters the amplified microwave signal and outputs the filtered microwave signal; a part of the filtered microwave signal is fed back to the modulator by an electric coupler and another part of the filtered microwave signal is output; after receiving the microwave signal fed back by the electric coupler, the microwave signal fed back by the electric coupler is modulated to an optical carrier by a modulator to form a modulated optical signal, and the pulse of the microwave signal is compressed in the time domain by modulation of the modulator and passive mode-locked nonlinear loss absorption of the saturable absorber, thereby solving the problem of excessive pulse width existing in traditional optoelectronic oscillators and realizing stable narrow pulse microwave output. Compared with the traditional technical solution of generating microwave pulses by an active mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator, the method provided by the present invention can further improve the duty cycle of microwave pulses and greatly compress the pulse width of the system under the same amplitude.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对本发明实施例的描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative labor.
图1是本发明一实施例中微波脉冲产生系统的结构示意图；FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a microwave pulse generating system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是现有的主动锁模光电振荡器方法产生的微波脉冲；FIG2 is a microwave pulse generated by an existing active mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator method;
图3是是本发明实施例基于主被动混合锁模光电振荡器的微波脉冲产生系统的微波脉冲；FIG3 is a microwave pulse of a microwave pulse generating system based on an active-passive hybrid mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图4是本发明一实施例中微波脉冲产生方法的一流程示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a method for generating microwave pulses according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
请参阅图1，图1为本发明实施例提供的微波脉冲产生系统的一个结构示意图，微波脉冲产生系统包括激光器1、调制器2、可饱和吸收体3、光电探测器5、电放大器6、电带通滤波器7、电耦合器8和射频信号源9，所述激光器1、所述调制器2、所述可饱和吸收体3、所述光电探测器5、所述电放大器6、所述电带通滤波器7和所述电耦合器8依次连接，且所述电耦合器8与所述调制器2连接，以形成闭合的光电振荡回路，所述调制器2还与射频信号源9连接；其中，Please refer to FIG1 , which is a schematic diagram of the structure of a microwave pulse generating system provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The microwave pulse generating system includes a laser 1, a modulator 2, a saturable absorber 3, a photodetector 5, an electric amplifier 6, an electric bandpass filter 7, an electric coupler 8 and a radio frequency signal source 9. The laser 1, the modulator 2, the saturable absorber 3, the photodetector 5, the electric amplifier 6, the electric bandpass filter 7 and the electric coupler 8 are connected in sequence, and the electric coupler 8 is connected to the modulator 2 to form a closed photoelectric oscillation loop. The modulator 2 is also connected to the radio frequency signal source 9; wherein,
所述激光器2，用于产生光载波；The laser 2 is used to generate an optical carrier;
所述射频信号源9，用于产生调制微波信号对光载波进行调制；The radio frequency signal source 9 is used to generate a modulated microwave signal to modulate the optical carrier;
所述调制器2，用于将所述射频信号源9传输的调制微波信号调制到所述光载波，形成调制光信号；The modulator 2 is used to modulate the modulated microwave signal transmitted by the radio frequency signal source 9 into the optical carrier to form a modulated optical signal;
所述可饱和吸收体3，用于对所述调制光信号进行非线性吸收，并输出吸收处理后的光信号；The saturable absorber 3 is used to perform nonlinear absorption on the modulated optical signal and output the optical signal after absorption processing;
所述光电探测器5，用于将所述吸收处理后的光信号进行光电转换，形成光电流，并输出微波信号；The photodetector 5 is used to perform photoelectric conversion on the absorbed light signal to form a photocurrent and output a microwave signal;
所述电放大器6，用于将所述光电探测器输出的微波信号进行放大处理，输出放大后的微波信号；The electric amplifier 6 is used to amplify the microwave signal output by the photoelectric detector and output the amplified microwave signal;
所述电带通滤波器7，用于对所述放大后的微波信号进行滤波处理，输出滤波后的微波信号；The electrical bandpass filter 7 is used to filter the amplified microwave signal and output the filtered microwave signal;
所述电耦合器8，用于将一部分所述滤波后的微波信号反馈至所述调制器，将另一部分所述滤波后的微波信号进行输出；The electric coupler 8 is used to feed back a part of the filtered microwave signal to the modulator and output another part of the filtered microwave signal;
所述调制器2，还用于在接收到所述电耦合器8反馈的微波信号后，将所述电耦合器8反馈的微波信号调制到所述光载波，形成调制光信号。The modulator 2 is further used to modulate the microwave signal fed back by the electric coupler 8 to the optical carrier to form a modulated optical signal after receiving the microwave signal fed back by the electric coupler 8 .
其中，激光器1可以是可调谐连续波激光器，调制器2可以是双驱动马赫-曾德尔调制器。The laser 1 may be a tunable continuous wave laser, and the modulator 2 may be a dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator.
所述射频信号源9，用于产生调制微波信号。The radio frequency signal source 9 is used to generate a modulated microwave signal.
所述激光器1的输出端口与所述调制器2的光输入端口相连接，所述调制器2的光输出端口与所述可饱和吸收体3的输入端口相连接，所述调制器2的第一微波输入端口与所述射频信号源9的输出端口相连接，所述调制器2的第二微波输入端口与所述电耦合器8的输出端口相连接；所述可饱和吸收体3的输出端口与所述光电探测器5的光输入端口相连接；所述电放大器6的输入端口与所述光电探测器6的电输出端口相连接，所述电放大器6的输出端口与所述电带通滤波器7的输入端口相连接；所述电耦合器8的输入端口与所述电带通滤波器7的输出端口相连接。The output port of the laser 1 is connected to the optical input port of the modulator 2, the optical output port of the modulator 2 is connected to the input port of the saturable absorber 3, the first microwave input port of the modulator 2 is connected to the output port of the radio frequency signal source 9, and the second microwave input port of the modulator 2 is connected to the output port of the electric coupler 8; the output port of the saturable absorber 3 is connected to the optical input port of the photodetector 5; the input port of the electric amplifier 6 is connected to the electrical output port of the photodetector 6, and the output port of the electric amplifier 6 is connected to the input port of the electric bandpass filter 7; the input port of the electric coupler 8 is connected to the output port of the electric bandpass filter 7.
通过激光器产生光载波；通过述调制器将射频信号源传输的调制微波信号调制到光载波，形成调制光信号；通过可饱和吸收体对调制光信号进行非线性吸收，并输出吸收处理后的光信号；通过光电探测器将吸收处理后的光信号进行光电转换，形成光电流，并输出微波信号；通过电放大器将光电探测器输出的微波信号进行放大处理，输出放大后的微波信号；通过电带通滤波器对放大后的微波信号进行滤波处理，输出滤波后的微波信号；通过电耦合器将一部分述滤波后的微波信号反馈至调制器，将另一部分滤波后的微波信号进行输出；在接收到电耦合器反馈的微波信号后，通过述调制器将电耦合器反馈的微波信号调制到光载波，形成调制光信号，通过调制器调制和可饱和吸收体的被动锁模非线性损耗吸收，在时域对微波信号的脉冲进行压缩，解决传统光电振荡器存在的脉冲过宽问题，实现稳定的窄脉冲微波输出。本发明提供的方法与传统的主动锁模光电振荡器产生微波脉冲技术方案相比，在相同幅值下，能够进一步提高微波脉冲的占空比，极大地压缩系统的脉冲宽度。An optical carrier is generated by a laser; the modulated microwave signal transmitted by the radio frequency signal source is modulated to the optical carrier by the modulator to form a modulated optical signal; the modulated optical signal is nonlinearly absorbed by a saturable absorber, and the absorbed optical signal is output; the absorbed optical signal is photoelectrically converted by a photodetector to form a photocurrent, and a microwave signal is output; the microwave signal output by the photodetector is amplified by an electrical amplifier, and the amplified microwave signal is output; the amplified microwave signal is filtered by an electrical bandpass filter, and the filtered microwave signal is output; a part of the filtered microwave signal is fed back to the modulator by an electrical coupler, and the other part of the filtered microwave signal is output; after receiving the microwave signal fed back by the electrical coupler, the microwave signal fed back by the electrical coupler is modulated to the optical carrier by the modulator to form a modulated optical signal, and the pulse of the microwave signal is compressed in the time domain by the modulation of the modulator and the passive mode-locked nonlinear loss absorption of the saturable absorber, so as to solve the problem of excessive pulse width existing in traditional optoelectronic oscillators and realize stable narrow pulse microwave output. Compared with the traditional technical solution of generating microwave pulses by an active mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator, the method provided by the present invention can further improve the duty cycle of microwave pulses and greatly compress the pulse width of the system under the same amplitude.
可选地，所述可饱和吸收体3，用于对所述调制光信号进行非线性吸收处理，并输出吸收处理后的光信号，吸收处理后的光信号的输出功率为：Optionally, the saturable absorber 3 is used to perform nonlinear absorption processing on the modulated optical signal and output the optical signal after the absorption processing, and the output power of the optical signal after the absorption processing is:
其中，α0为可饱和吸收体的调制深度，Psat为可饱和吸收体的饱和功率，Vπ和VB分别为调制器的半波电压和偏置电压，P(t)为调制器输出的调制光信号的输出光功率，V'in为输入到调制器的信号，σ为调制器的插入损耗，P0为调制器接收到的光信号输入光功率。Wherein, α0 is the modulation depth of the saturable absorber, Psat is the saturation power of the saturable absorber, Vπ and VB are the half-wave voltage and bias voltage of the modulator respectively, P(t) is the output optical power of the modulated optical signal output by the modulator, V'in is the signal input to the modulator, σ is the insertion loss of the modulator, and P0 is the input optical power of the optical signal received by the modulator.
所述激光器1用于产生光载波，令所述光载波的功率为P0；所述射频信号源9用于对光载波进行调制，令所述射频信号源9调制信号的角频率为ωRF；所述调制器2的光输入端口与所述激光器1的输出端口相连接，所述调制器2的电输入端口1与所述射频信号源9的输出端口相连接，所述调制器2的电输入端口2与所述电耦合器8的输出端口相连接；所述调制器2用于将所述微波信号调制到所述光载波，形成调制光信号，则调制光信号的输出光功率可表示为：The laser 1 is used to generate an optical carrier, and the power of the optical carrier is set to P 0 ; the radio frequency signal source 9 is used to modulate the optical carrier, and the angular frequency of the modulation signal of the radio frequency signal source 9 is set to ω RF ; the optical input port of the modulator 2 is connected to the output port of the laser 1, the electrical input port 1 of the modulator 2 is connected to the output port of the radio frequency signal source 9, and the electrical input port 2 of the modulator 2 is connected to the output port of the electrical coupler 8; the modulator 2 is used to modulate the microwave signal to the optical carrier to form a modulated optical signal, and the output optical power of the modulated optical signal can be expressed as:
其中σ为调制器2的插入损耗，η为由调制器消光比决定的参数，Vπ和VB分别为调制器2的半波电压和偏置电压，V'in为输入到调制器2的信号，其表达式为：Where σ is the insertion loss of modulator 2, η is a parameter determined by the extinction ratio of the modulator, Vπ and VB are the half-wave voltage and bias voltage of modulator 2 respectively, and V'in is the signal input to modulator 2. The expression is:
V′in(t)＝[1+mcos(2πωRFt)]Vin(t)V′ in (t)＝[1+mcos(2πω RF t)]V in (t)
其中，m为调制指数，ωRF为调制信号的角频率，Vin为电耦合器8的输出电压信号。从上式可以看到，光功率会被外部调制信号周期性地调制，并随时间不断变化。根据主动锁模条件，当外部调制信号的频率与光电振荡器的模式间隔满足整数倍关系时，环腔内的纵模之间形成相位锁定关系，最终在时域内相干叠加，形成稳定的微波脉冲信号。Wherein, m is the modulation index, ω RF is the angular frequency of the modulation signal, and Vin is the output voltage signal of the electric coupler 8. It can be seen from the above formula that the optical power will be periodically modulated by the external modulation signal and will change continuously over time. According to the active mode locking condition, when the frequency of the external modulation signal and the mode interval of the optoelectronic oscillator meet the integer multiple relationship, the longitudinal modes in the ring cavity form a phase locking relationship, and finally coherently superimpose in the time domain to form a stable microwave pulse signal.
所述可饱和吸收体3的输入端口与所述调制器2的光输出端口相连接，所述可饱和吸收体3用于将所述调制光信号非线性吸收处理，根据非线性传输特性，其对脉冲产生的损耗会随着光脉冲功率的升高而降低，形成已处理调制光信号，则已处理调制光信号的输出光功率可表示为：The input port of the saturable absorber 3 is connected to the optical output port of the modulator 2. The saturable absorber 3 is used to perform nonlinear absorption processing on the modulated optical signal. According to the nonlinear transmission characteristics, the loss of the pulse generated by the saturable absorber 3 decreases with the increase of the optical pulse power, thereby forming a processed modulated optical signal. The output optical power of the processed modulated optical signal can be expressed as:
其中α0为可饱和吸收体的调制深度，Psat为可饱和吸收体的饱和功率。Where α0 is the modulation depth of the saturable absorber, and Psat is the saturation power of the saturable absorber.
可选地，微波脉冲产生系统还包括传输模块，所述传输模块连接所述可饱和吸收体和所述光电探测器，所述传输模块，用于将所述吸收处理后的光信号传输至所述光电探测器。所述传输模块可包括单模光纤。Optionally, the microwave pulse generation system further comprises a transmission module, the transmission module is connected to the saturable absorber and the photodetector, and the transmission module is used to transmit the optical signal after the absorption process to the photodetector. The transmission module may comprise a single-mode optical fiber.
可选地，所述激光器1的输出端口与所述调制器2的光输入端口相连接，所述调制器2的光输出端口与所述可饱和吸收体3的输入端口相连接，所述调制器2的第一微波输入端口与所述射频信号源9的输出端口相连接，所述调制器2的第二微波输入端口与所述电耦合器8的输出端口相连接；所述传输模块4的输入端口与所述可饱和吸收体3的输出端口相连接，所述传输模块4的输出端口与所述光电探测器5的光输入端口相连接；所述电放大器6的输入端口与所述光电探测器6的电输出端口相连接，所述电放大器6的输出端口与所述电带通滤波器7的输入端口相连接；所述电耦合器8的输入端口与所述电带通滤波器7的输出端口相连接。Optionally, the output port of the laser 1 is connected to the optical input port of the modulator 2, the optical output port of the modulator 2 is connected to the input port of the saturable absorber 3, the first microwave input port of the modulator 2 is connected to the output port of the RF signal source 9, and the second microwave input port of the modulator 2 is connected to the output port of the electric coupler 8; the input port of the transmission module 4 is connected to the output port of the saturable absorber 3, and the output port of the transmission module 4 is connected to the optical input port of the photodetector 5; the input port of the electric amplifier 6 is connected to the electrical output port of the photodetector 6, and the output port of the electric amplifier 6 is connected to the input port of the electric bandpass filter 7; the input port of the electric coupler 8 is connected to the output port of the electric bandpass filter 7.
所述光电探测器5的光输入端口与所述单模光纤4的输出端口相连接，所述光电探测器5用于将所述已吸收处理的光信号进行光电转换，形成光电流，从而恢复出微波信号，进而输入到电放大器6中进行放大，再而输入到电带通滤波器7中进行滤波，得到滤波后的微波信号，通过电耦合器8，一部分进行输出，一部分输入到调制器2的电输入端口2；令光电探测器5的响应度为ρPD，阻抗为R，所述电放大器6的增益为Ga，则电带通滤波器7输出的微波信号可表示为：The optical input port of the photodetector 5 is connected to the output port of the single-mode optical fiber 4. The photodetector 5 is used to perform photoelectric conversion on the absorbed and processed optical signal to form a photocurrent, thereby restoring a microwave signal, which is then input into the electrical amplifier 6 for amplification, and then input into the electrical bandpass filter 7 for filtering to obtain a filtered microwave signal, a part of which is output through the electrical coupler 8, and a part is input into the electrical input port 2 of the modulator 2; let the responsivity of the photodetector 5 be ρ PD , the impedance be R, and the gain of the electrical amplifier 6 be Ga, then the microwave signal output by the electrical bandpass filter 7 can be expressed as:
在小信号近似的情况下，本发明比主动的光电振荡器增加可饱和吸收体的非线性吸收损耗，压缩了脉冲宽度。In the case of small signal approximation, the present invention increases the nonlinear absorption loss of the saturable absorber compared to the active optoelectronic oscillator and compresses the pulse width.
例如，在实验环境下，利用所述射频信号源9输入调制频率为100kHz的驱动信号，利用双驱动马赫-曾德尔调制器2将频率为100kHz的微波信号调制到可调谐连续波激光器1产生的光载波上，如图3所示，图3是本发明实施例基于主被动混合锁模光电振荡器的微波脉冲产生系统的微波脉冲，图2是现有的主动锁模光电振荡器方法产生的微波脉冲，本发明实施例基于主被动混合锁模光电振荡器的微波脉冲产生系统的脉冲占空比为1 0％，比传统的主动锁模光电振荡器技术方案脉冲压缩提高62.7％。For example, in an experimental environment, the RF signal source 9 is used to input a driving signal with a modulation frequency of 100 kHz, and the dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator 2 is used to modulate a microwave signal with a frequency of 100 kHz onto an optical carrier generated by a tunable continuous wave laser 1, as shown in FIG3 . FIG3 is a microwave pulse of a microwave pulse generating system based on an active-passive hybrid mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG2 is a microwave pulse generated by an existing active mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator method. The pulse duty cycle of the microwave pulse generating system based on an active-passive hybrid mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator according to an embodiment of the present invention is 10%, which is 62.7% higher than the pulse compression of a conventional active mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator technical solution.
请参阅图4，图4为本发明实施例提供的微波脉冲产生方法的一个流程示意图，该方法应用于微波脉冲产生系统，所述系统包括激光器、调制器、可饱和吸收体、光电探测器、电放大器、电带通滤波器、电耦合器和射频信号源，所述激光器、所述调制器、所述可饱和吸收体、所述光电探测器、所述电放大器、所述电带通滤波器和所述电耦合器依次连接，且所述电耦合器与所述调制器连接，以形成闭合的光电振荡回路，所述调制器还与射频信号源连接；该方法包括如下步骤：Please refer to FIG4 , which is a flow chart of a microwave pulse generating method provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The method is applied to a microwave pulse generating system, wherein the system comprises a laser, a modulator, a saturable absorber, a photodetector, an electric amplifier, an electric bandpass filter, an electric coupler and a radio frequency signal source. The laser, the modulator, the saturable absorber, the photodetector, the electric amplifier, the electric bandpass filter and the electric coupler are connected in sequence, and the electric coupler is connected to the modulator to form a closed photoelectric oscillation loop. The modulator is also connected to the radio frequency signal source. The method comprises the following steps:
S10、通过激光器产生光载波；S10, generating an optical carrier by a laser;
S20、通过射频信号源产生调制微波信号对光载波进行调制；S20, generating a modulated microwave signal by a radio frequency signal source to modulate the optical carrier;
S30、通过调制器将所述射频信号源传输的调制微波信号调制到所述光载波，形成调制光信号；S30, modulating the modulated microwave signal transmitted by the radio frequency signal source to the optical carrier through a modulator to form a modulated optical signal;
S40、通过可饱和吸收体对所述调制光信号进行非线性吸收，并输出吸收处理后的光信号；S40, performing nonlinear absorption on the modulated optical signal through a saturable absorber, and outputting an optical signal after absorption processing;
S50、通过光电探测器将所述吸收处理后的光信号进行光电转换，形成光电流，并输出微波信号；S50, performing photoelectric conversion on the absorbed light signal through a photodetector to form a photocurrent, and outputting a microwave signal;
S60、通过电放大器将所述光电探测器输出的微波信号进行放大处理，输出放大后的微波信号；S60, amplifying the microwave signal output by the photoelectric detector through an electric amplifier, and outputting the amplified microwave signal;
S70、通过电带通滤波器对所述放大后的微波信号进行滤波处理，输出滤波后的微波信号；S70, filtering the amplified microwave signal through an electrical bandpass filter, and outputting the filtered microwave signal;
S80、通过电耦合器将一部分所述滤波后的微波信号反馈至所述调制器，将另一部分所述滤波后的微波信号进行输出；S80, feeding back a portion of the filtered microwave signal to the modulator through an electrical coupler, and outputting another portion of the filtered microwave signal;
S90、在接收到所述电耦合器反馈的微波信号后，通过所述调制器将所述射频信号源传输的调制微波信号和所述电耦合器反馈的微波信号调制到所述光载波，形成调制光信号。S90. After receiving the microwave signal fed back by the electric coupler, modulate the modulated microwave signal transmitted by the radio frequency signal source and the microwave signal fed back by the electric coupler to the optical carrier through the modulator to form a modulated optical signal.
其中，激光器1可以是可调谐连续波激光器，调制器2可以是双驱动马赫-曾德尔调制器。The laser 1 may be a tunable continuous wave laser, and the modulator 2 may be a dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator.
所述射频信号源9，用于产生调制微波信号。所述激光器1用于产生光载波，令所述光载波的功率为P0；所述射频信号源9用于对光载波进行调制，令所述射频信号源9调制信号的角频率为ωRF；所述调制器2的光输入端口与所述激光器1的输出端口相连接，所述调制器2的电输入端口1与所述射频信号源9的输出端口相连接，所述调制器2的电输入端口2与所述电耦合器8的输出端口相连接；所述调制器2用于将所述微波信号调制到所述光载波，形成调制光信号，则调制光信号的输出光功率可表示为：The RF signal source 9 is used to generate a modulated microwave signal. The laser 1 is used to generate an optical carrier, and the power of the optical carrier is set to P 0 ; the RF signal source 9 is used to modulate the optical carrier, and the angular frequency of the modulated signal of the RF signal source 9 is set to ω RF ; the optical input port of the modulator 2 is connected to the output port of the laser 1, the electrical input port 1 of the modulator 2 is connected to the output port of the RF signal source 9, and the electrical input port 2 of the modulator 2 is connected to the output port of the electrical coupler 8; the modulator 2 is used to modulate the microwave signal to the optical carrier to form a modulated optical signal, and the output optical power of the modulated optical signal can be expressed as:
其中σ为调制器2的插入损耗，η为由调制器消光比决定的参数，Vπ和VB分别为调制器2的半波电压和偏置电压，V'in为输入到调制器2的信号，其表达式为：Where σ is the insertion loss of modulator 2, η is a parameter determined by the extinction ratio of the modulator, Vπ and VB are the half-wave voltage and bias voltage of modulator 2 respectively, and V'in is the signal input to modulator 2. The expression is:
V′in(t)＝[1+mcos(2πωRFt)]Vin(t)V′ in (t)＝[1+mcos(2πω RF t)]V in (t)
其中，m为调制指数，ωRF为调制信号的角频率，Vin为电耦合器8的输出电压信号。从上式可以看到，光功率会被外部调制信号周期性地调制，并随时间不断变化。根据主动锁模条件，当外部调制信号的频率与光电振荡器的模式间隔满足整数倍关系时，环腔内的纵模之间形成相位锁定关系，最终在时域内相干叠加，形成稳定的微波脉冲信号。Wherein, m is the modulation index, ω RF is the angular frequency of the modulation signal, and Vin is the output voltage signal of the electric coupler 8. It can be seen from the above formula that the optical power will be periodically modulated by the external modulation signal and will change continuously over time. According to the active mode locking condition, when the frequency of the external modulation signal and the mode interval of the optoelectronic oscillator meet the integer multiple relationship, the longitudinal modes in the ring cavity form a phase locking relationship, and finally coherently superimpose in the time domain to form a stable microwave pulse signal.
所述可饱和吸收体3的输入端口与所述调制器2的光输出端口相连接，所述可饱和吸收体3用于将所述调制光信号非线性吸收处理，根据非线性传输特性，其对脉冲产生的损耗会随着光脉冲功率的升高而降低，形成已吸收处理的光信号，则已吸收处理的光信号的输出光功率可表示为：The input port of the saturable absorber 3 is connected to the optical output port of the modulator 2. The saturable absorber 3 is used to nonlinearly absorb the modulated optical signal. According to the nonlinear transmission characteristics, the loss of the pulse will decrease with the increase of the optical pulse power, forming an absorbed optical signal. The output optical power of the absorbed optical signal can be expressed as:
其中α0为可饱和吸收体的调制深度，Psat为可饱和吸收体的饱和功率。Where α0 is the modulation depth of the saturable absorber, and Psat is the saturation power of the saturable absorber.
在一实施例中，所述微波脉冲产生系统还包括传输模块，所述传输模块连接所述可饱和吸收体和所述光电探测器，所述方法还包括：通过所述传输模块将所述吸收处理后的光信号传输至所述光电探测器。In one embodiment, the microwave pulse generation system further includes a transmission module, wherein the transmission module connects the saturable absorber and the photodetector, and the method further includes: transmitting the absorbed optical signal to the photodetector via the transmission module.
传输模块例如可以是单模光纤。所述光电探测器5的光输入端口与所述单模光纤4的输出端口相连接，所述光电探测器5用于将所述已处理调制光信号进行光电转换，形成光电流，从而恢复出微波信号，进而输入到电放大器6中进行放大，再而输入到电带通滤波器7中进行滤波，得到滤波后的微波信号，通过电耦合器8，一部分进行输出，一部分输入到调制器2的电输入端口2；令光电探测器5的响应度为ρPD，阻抗为R，所述电放大器6的增益为Ga，则电带通滤波器7输出的微波信号可表示为：The transmission module can be, for example, a single-mode optical fiber. The optical input port of the photodetector 5 is connected to the output port of the single-mode optical fiber 4. The photodetector 5 is used to perform photoelectric conversion on the processed modulated optical signal to form a photocurrent, thereby restoring a microwave signal, which is then input into the electrical amplifier 6 for amplification, and then input into the electrical bandpass filter 7 for filtering to obtain a filtered microwave signal, a part of which is output through the electrical coupler 8, and a part is input into the electrical input port 2 of the modulator 2; let the responsivity of the photodetector 5 be ρ PD , the impedance be R, and the gain of the electrical amplifier 6 be Ga, then the microwave signal output by the electrical bandpass filter 7 can be expressed as:
在小信号近似的情况下，本发明比主动的光电振荡器增加可饱和吸收体的非线性吸收损耗，压缩了脉冲宽度。In the case of small signal approximation, the present invention increases the nonlinear absorption loss of the saturable absorber compared to the active optoelectronic oscillator and compresses the pulse width.
例如，在实验环境下，利用所述射频信号源9输入调制频率为100kHz的驱动信号，利用双驱动马赫-曾德尔调制器2将频率为100kHz的微波信号调制到可调谐连续波激光器1产生的光载波上，如图3所示，图3是本发明实施例基于主被动混合锁模光电振荡器的微波脉冲产生系统的微波脉冲，图2是现有的主动锁模光电振荡器方法产生的微波脉冲，本发明实施例基于主被动混合锁模光电振荡器的微波脉冲产生系统的脉冲占空比为1 0％，比传统的主动锁模光电振荡器技术方案脉冲压缩提高62.7％。For example, in an experimental environment, the RF signal source 9 is used to input a driving signal with a modulation frequency of 100 kHz, and the dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator 2 is used to modulate a microwave signal with a frequency of 100 kHz onto an optical carrier generated by a tunable continuous wave laser 1, as shown in FIG3 . FIG3 is a microwave pulse of a microwave pulse generating system based on an active-passive hybrid mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG2 is a microwave pulse generated by an existing active mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator method. The pulse duty cycle of the microwave pulse generating system based on an active-passive hybrid mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator according to an embodiment of the present invention is 10%, which is 62.7% higher than the pulse compression of a conventional active mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator technical solution.
本微波脉冲产生方法，通过述调制器将射频信号源传输的调制微波信号调制到光载波，形成调制光信号；通过可饱和吸收体对调制光信号进行非线性吸收，并输出吸收处理后的光信号；通过光电探测器将吸收处理后的光信号进行光电转换，形成光电流，并输出微波信号；通过电放大器将光电探测器输出的微波信号进行放大处理，输出放大后的微波信号；通过电带通滤波器对放大后的微波信号进行滤波处理，输出滤波后的微波信号；通过电耦合器将一部分述滤波后的微波信号反馈至调制器，将另一部分滤波后的微波信号进行输出；在接收到电耦合器反馈的微波信号后，通过述调制器将电耦合器反馈的微波信号调制到光载波，形成调制光信号，通过调制器调制和可饱和吸收体的被动锁模非线性损耗吸收，在时域对微波信号的脉冲进行压缩，解决传统光电振荡器存在的脉冲过宽问题，实现稳定的窄脉冲微波输出。本发明提供的方法与传统的主动锁模光电振荡器产生微波脉冲技术方案相比，在相同幅值下，能够进一步提高微波脉冲的占空比，极大地压缩系统的脉冲宽度。The microwave pulse generation method comprises the following steps: modulating a modulated microwave signal transmitted by a radio frequency signal source to an optical carrier through the modulator to form a modulated optical signal; performing nonlinear absorption on the modulated optical signal through a saturable absorber and outputting an optical signal after absorption; performing photoelectric conversion on the optical signal after absorption through a photoelectric detector to form a photocurrent and output a microwave signal; amplifying the microwave signal output by the photoelectric detector through an electric amplifier and outputting an amplified microwave signal; filtering the amplified microwave signal through an electric bandpass filter and outputting a filtered microwave signal; feeding back a part of the filtered microwave signal to the modulator through an electric coupler and outputting another part of the filtered microwave signal; after receiving the microwave signal fed back by the electric coupler, modulating the microwave signal fed back by the electric coupler to an optical carrier through the modulator to form a modulated optical signal, compressing the pulse of the microwave signal in the time domain through modulation by the modulator and passive mode-locked nonlinear loss absorption by the saturable absorber, solving the problem of excessive pulse width existing in a traditional photoelectric oscillator and realizing stable narrow pulse microwave output. Compared with the traditional technical solution of generating microwave pulses by an active mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator, the method provided by the present invention can further improve the duty cycle of microwave pulses and greatly compress the pulse width of the system under the same amplitude.
本发明的实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述微波脉冲产生方法的步骤。An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the above-mentioned microwave pulse generating method are implemented.
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程，是可以通过计算机程序来指令相关的硬件来完成，所述计算机程序可存储于一非易失性计算机可读取存储介质中，该计算机程序在执行时，可包括如上述各方法的实施例的流程。其中，本申请所提供的各实施例中所使用的对存储器、存储、数据库或其它介质的任何引用，均可包括非易失性和/或易失性存储器。非易失性存储器可包括只读存储器(ROM)、可编程ROM(PROM)、电可编程ROM(EPROM)、电可擦除可编程ROM(EEPROM)或闪存。易失性存储器可包括随机存取存储器(RAM)或者外部高速缓冲存储器。作为说明而非局限，RAM以多种形式可得，诸如静态RAM(SRAM)、动态RAM(DRAM)、同步DRAM(SDRAM)、双数据率SDRAM(DDRSDRAM)、增强型SDRAM(ESDRAM)、同步链路(Synchlink)DRAM(SLDRAM)、存储器总线(Rambus)直接RAM(RDRAM)、直接存储器总线动态RAM(DRDRAM)、以及存储器总线动态RAM(RDRAM)等。Those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program, and the computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above-mentioned methods. Among them, any reference to memory, storage, database or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include non-volatile and/or volatile memory. Non-volatile memory may include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) or flash memory. Volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. As an illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in many forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous link (Synchlink) DRAM (SLDRAM), memory bus (Rambus) direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM).
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为了描述的方便和简洁，仅以上述各功能单元、模块的划分进行举例说明，实际应用中，可以根据需要而将上述功能分配由不同的功能单元、模块完成，即将所述装置的内部结构划分成不同的功能单元或模块，以完成以上描述的全部或者部分功能。Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and simplicity of description, only the division of the above-mentioned functional units and modules is used as an example. In actual applications, the above-mentioned functions can be distributed and completed by different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.
以上所述实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The embodiments described above are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. Such modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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