CN117817103A - A three-axis linkage high peak power spatial laser transmission structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a three-axis linkage high-peak power space laser transmission structure, which relates to the technical field of laser processing equipment and comprises a first turning tube, a first telescopic light guide mechanism, a second turning tube, a second telescopic light guide mechanism, a third turning tube and a third telescopic light guide mechanism, wherein the first driving mechanism drives the first telescopic light guide mechanism to stretch and retract, the second driving mechanism drives the third telescopic light guide mechanism to stretch and the third driving mechanism drives the second telescopic light guide mechanism to stretch and retract, so that a laser processing head can freely move in a three-dimensional space in the Y-axis direction, the Z-axis direction and the X-axis direction. The telescopic light guide mechanism is adopted to replace the existing light guide arm with huge volume and overlong length, the length of the light guide mechanism can be freely changed, the invention has the advantages of high use flexibility and small occupied space, and the problem of interference with the spatial position of the processing material can not occur; and laser processing in a three-dimensional space is realized.

Description

A three-axis linkage high peak power spatial laser transmission structure

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of laser processing equipment, and in particular to a three-axis linkage high peak power spatial laser transmission structure.

Background technique

In recent years, laser processing has continuously replaced traditional processing methods, and the laser industry based on lasers has developed rapidly. Laser processing is a non-contact processing with significant advantages such as fewer subsequent processes, good controllability, easy integration, high processing efficiency, low material loss, and low environmental pollution. It has been widely used in automobiles, electronics, electrical appliances, aviation, metallurgy, machinery manufacturing and other industries, and plays an increasingly important role in improving product quality, labor productivity, degree of automation, and reducing material consumption. According to the mechanism of interaction between laser beams and materials, laser processing mainly relies on the beam to reach a higher energy density at the focus after being focused by the lens group of the laser head, thereby using the photothermal effect to make the material produce the expected processing effect. The light guide system that realizes the transmission of the light beam from the laser into the laser head is also an indispensable part of the laser processing equipment. Its degree of freedom and movement accuracy of the laser beam transmission have a profound impact on the quality of laser processing. At present, there are two main forms of laser light guide: optical fiber transmission and spatial transmission. Optical fiber transmission has great advantages in flexibility and technical maturity. However, optical fiber itself has problems such as nonlinear effects, low damage threshold and high energy loss. In addition, for high peak power short pulse laser transmission, in order to avoid fiber damage, it is often necessary to select optical fibers with thicker core diameters, which will cause serious degradation of the beam quality and even damage to the fiber due to heat accumulation at the focus. The above problems can be effectively solved by using spatial transmission. However, the traditional spatial transmission light guide structure usually connects the laser to the light guide arm, and uses the reflectors at both ends of the light guide arm to introduce the laser into the laser head. This light guide arm is bulky and too long, and has the defects of poor flexibility and low stability. The overly long light guide arm is easy to interfere with the spatial position of the processing material, making it difficult to achieve multi-dimensional and three-dimensional cleaning, cutting, marking and other operations on the material.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a three-axis linkage high peak power spatial laser transmission structure in order to solve the above problems.

The present invention achieves the above-mentioned purpose through the following technical solutions:

A three-axis linkage high peak power spatial laser transmission structure, comprising a first turning tube, one end of the first turning tube is fixedly connected to a laser, the other end of the first turning tube is fixedly provided with a first telescopic light guide mechanism extending along the Y-axis direction, the first telescopic light guide mechanism is fixedly provided with a second turning tube at one end away from the first turning tube, the second telescopic light guide mechanism is fixedly provided with a second telescopic light guide mechanism extending along the X-axis direction at one end away from the first telescopic light guide mechanism, the second telescopic light guide mechanism is fixedly provided with a third turning tube at one end away from the second turning tube, and the third telescopic light guide mechanism is fixedly provided with a third telescopic light guide mechanism extending along the Z-axis direction at one end away from the second telescopic light guide mechanism A laser processing head is fixedly arranged at one end of the third telescopic light-guiding mechanism away from the second turning tube; a first driving mechanism parallel to the first telescopic light-guiding mechanism is arranged on one side of the first telescopic light-guiding mechanism, a second driving mechanism parallel to the third telescopic light-guiding mechanism is fixedly arranged on the first driving mechanism, and a third driving mechanism parallel to the second telescopic light-guiding mechanism is fixedly arranged on the second driving mechanism; the first driving mechanism drives the first telescopic light-guiding mechanism to extend and retract, the second driving mechanism drives the third telescopic light-guiding mechanism to extend and retract, and the third driving mechanism drives the second telescopic light-guiding mechanism to extend and retract, so that the laser processing head can move freely in three-dimensional space in the Y-axis direction, the Z-axis direction and the X-axis direction.

Preferably, the structures of the first telescopic light-guiding mechanism, the second telescopic light-guiding mechanism and the third telescopic light-guiding mechanism are exactly the same, the first telescopic light-guiding mechanism comprises a light-guiding sleeve, there are multiple light-guiding sleeves, the diameters of the multiple light-guiding sleeves become smaller in sequence, and the multiple light-guiding sleeves are telescopically connected in sequence.

Preferably, an outer blocking block is fixedly provided on the outer side surface of a light guide sleeve with a relatively larger diameter size near one end, an inner blocking block is fixedly provided on the inner side surface of a light guide sleeve with a relatively larger diameter size near the other end, an outer blocking block is fixedly provided on the outer side surface of a light guide sleeve with a relatively smaller diameter size near one end, and an inner blocking block is fixedly provided on the inner side surface of a light guide sleeve with a relatively smaller diameter size near the other end; the outer blocking block of a light guide sleeve with a relatively smaller diameter size cooperates with the inner blocking block of a light guide sleeve with a relatively larger diameter size to prevent a light guide sleeve with a relatively smaller diameter size from slipping out of a light guide sleeve with a relatively larger diameter size.

Preferably, the number of the light guide sleeves is 3 to 7.

Preferably, the outer blocking blocks and the inner blocking blocks are both distributed in an annular shape.

Preferably, the structures of the first turning tube, the second turning tube and the third turning tube are exactly the same, and the first turning tube, the second turning tube and the third turning tube are all fixedly provided with reflective lenses at the corner positions; the first turning tube, the second turning tube and the third turning tube are all fixedly provided with cooling mechanisms near the reflective lenses.

Preferably, the cooling mechanism comprises a box body, a cooling channel is fixedly arranged on the box body near the reflective lens, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet are fixedly arranged on one side of the box body in sequence, the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet are connected to a water pump and a water tank through a water pipe, and the cooling medium is cooling water.

Preferably, a first guide mechanism is provided on one side of the second turning tube along the Y-axis direction, the first guide mechanism includes a bracket and a guide rod, there are two brackets, and a guide rod is fixedly installed between the two brackets, the guide rod is distributed along the Y-axis direction, a first ring is sleeved on the guide rod, the first ring is slidably connected to the guide rod, a second ring is fixedly provided on the second turning tube, a connecting block is provided between the second ring and the first ring bracket, and the first guide mechanism guides the extension and retraction of the first telescopic light guide mechanism.

Preferably, a second guide mechanism is provided on one side of the second turning tube and the third turning tube along the X-axis direction, the second guide mechanism includes a guide rod, the guide rod is distributed along the X-axis direction, a first ring is sleeved on the guide rod, there are two first rings and the two first rings are slidably connected to the guide rod, a second ring is fixedly provided on the second turning tube, and a second ring is also fixedly provided on the third turning tube, a connecting block is provided between the two second rings and the two first rings on the guide rod, and the second guide mechanism guides the extension and retraction of the second telescopic light guiding mechanism.

Preferably, the structures of the first driving mechanism, the second driving mechanism and the third driving mechanism are completely the same, the first driving mechanism comprises a frame, a screw is rotatably arranged on the frame, a nut is mounted on the screw, a translation table is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the nut, a motor is fixedly arranged at one end of the frame, and the output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected to the screw; the translation table of the first driving mechanism moves along the Y-axis direction, the second driving mechanism is fixedly installed on the translation table of the first driving mechanism, the translation table of the second driving mechanism moves along the Z-axis direction, the third driving mechanism is fixedly installed on the translation table of the second driving mechanism, a laser processing head is fixedly installed on the translation table of the third driving mechanism, and the translation table of the third driving mechanism moves along the X-axis direction.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) The present invention adopts a retractable light-guiding mechanism to replace the existing bulky and long light-guiding arm, and the length of the light-guiding mechanism can be freely changed, which has the advantages of high flexibility of use and small space occupation, and will not cause interference with the spatial position of the processing material; (2) Three light-guiding mechanisms are respectively distributed along the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions, so that the laser processing head can move freely in the three-dimensional space of the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions, thereby realizing laser processing in the three-dimensional space; (3) The two guiding mechanisms can ensure the stability of the extension and retraction of the light-guiding mechanism in the X-axis direction and the light-guiding mechanism in the Y-axis direction; (4) The reflective lens positions of the three turning tubes are all provided with cooling mechanisms, which can quickly cool down through liquid cooling, effectively protect the reflective lens, and support the light guidance of high-power lasers; (5) The three driving mechanisms respectively drive the three light-guiding mechanisms to extend and retract, which can realize automatic control with high control accuracy; (6) The laser is transmitted in the transmission structure without passing through any lens, which effectively protects the laser beam quality; (7) The optical path of the transmission structure is simple and stable, and is suitable for integrated production and industrial applications.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 is a perspective view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG2 is a perspective view of the coordination of the first telescopic light guide mechanism, the second telescopic light guide mechanism and the third telescopic light guide mechanism of the present invention;

FIG3 is a perspective view of a first turning tube of the present invention;

FIG4 is a cross-sectional view of a first turning tube of the present invention;

FIG5 is a perspective view of a first telescopic light guide mechanism of the present invention;

FIG6 is a cross-sectional view of a first telescopic light guide mechanism of the present invention;

FIG7 is a perspective view of a first guide mechanism of the present invention;

FIG8 is a perspective view of a second guide mechanism of the present invention;

FIG9 is a perspective view of the coordination of the first drive mechanism, the second drive mechanism and the third drive mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the first driving mechanism of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

11. first telescopic light guide mechanism; 111. first light guide sleeve; 112. second light guide sleeve; 1121. outer blocking block; 1122. inner blocking block; 113. third light guide sleeve; 114. fourth light guide sleeve; 115. fifth light guide sleeve; 12. second telescopic light guide mechanism; 13. third telescopic light guide mechanism;

21. First turning tube; 22. Second turning tube; 23. Third turning tube;

31. first driving mechanism; 311. frame; 312. screw rod; 313. translation stage; 314. motor; 32. second driving mechanism; 33. third driving mechanism;

4. first guide mechanism; 41. bracket; 42. guide rod; 43. first ring; 44. second ring; 45. connecting block;

5. Second guide mechanism; 51. Limit block;

6. Laser processing head;

7. Laser;

8. Cooling mechanism; 81. Box body; 811. Cooling channel; 82. Liquid inlet; 83. Liquid outlet;

9. Reflective lens.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , the present invention provides a three-axis linkage high-peak power spatial laser transmission structure, including a first turning tube 21, one end of the first turning tube 21 is fixedly connected to a laser 7 by a threaded connection, the laser 7 is used to generate a collimated laser beam, and the laser types include continuous laser, quasi-continuous laser and ultrashort pulse laser. A first telescopic light-guiding mechanism 11 extending along the Y-axis direction is fixedly provided at the other end of the first turning tube 21, the first telescopic light-guiding mechanism 11 is fixedly connected to the first turning tube 21 by a threaded connection, a second turning tube 22 is fixedly provided at one end of the first telescopic light-guiding mechanism 11 away from the first turning tube 21, the second turning tube 22 is fixedly connected to the first telescopic light-guiding mechanism 11 by a threaded connection, a second telescopic light-guiding mechanism 12 extending along the X-axis direction is fixedly provided at one end of the second turning tube 22 away from the first telescopic light-guiding mechanism 11, the second telescopic light-guiding mechanism 12 is fixedly connected to the second turning tube 22 by a threaded connection. Then, the second telescopic light guide mechanism 12 is fixedly provided with a third turning tube 23 at one end away from the second turning tube 22, and the third turning tube 23 is fixedly connected to the second telescopic light guide mechanism 12 by threaded connection, and the third turning tube 23 is fixedly provided with a third telescopic light guide mechanism 13 extending along the Z-axis direction at one end away from the second telescopic light guide mechanism 12, and the third telescopic light guide mechanism 13 is fixedly connected to the third turning tube 23 by threaded connection, and the third telescopic light guide mechanism 13 is fixedly provided with a laser processing head 6 at one end away from the second turning tube 22, and the laser processing head 6 is fixedly connected to the third telescopic light guide mechanism 13 by threaded connection. The laser processing head 6 is internally configured with a lens group for outputting laser shaping to realize laser processing, and the laser processing head 6 can replace the internal lens group structure according to actual work needs to realize laser cleaning, laser welding, laser cutting and other processing methods. A first driving mechanism 31 parallel to the first telescopic light guide mechanism 11 is provided on one side of the first telescopic light guide mechanism 11, a second driving mechanism 32 parallel to the third telescopic light guide mechanism 13 is fixedly provided on the first driving mechanism 31, and a third driving mechanism 33 parallel to the second telescopic light guide mechanism 12 is fixedly provided on the second driving mechanism 32. The first driving mechanism 31 drives the first telescopic light guide mechanism 11 to telescope, the second driving mechanism 32 drives the third telescopic light guide mechanism 13 to telescope, and the third driving mechanism 33 drives the second telescopic light guide mechanism 12 to telescope, so that the laser processing head 6 can move freely in three-dimensional space in the Y-axis direction, the Z-axis direction and the X-axis direction.

As shown in FIG2 , based on the above embodiment, further, the structures of the first telescopic light guide mechanism 11, the second telescopic light guide mechanism 12 and the third telescopic light guide mechanism 13 are completely the same. The first telescopic light guide mechanism 11 includes a light guide sleeve, and there are multiple light guide sleeves, the diameters of the multiple light guide sleeves are successively smaller, and the multiple light guide sleeves are successively connected and telescopically connected. The number of light guide sleeves is 3 to 7, and the number of light guide sleeves is selected according to actual needs.

As shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, on the basis of the above embodiments, further, an outer blocking block 1121 is fixedly provided on the outer side surface of a light guide sleeve with a relatively larger diameter size near one end, and an inner blocking block 1122 is fixedly provided on the inner side surface of a light guide sleeve with a relatively larger diameter size near the other end; an outer blocking block 1121 is fixedly provided on the outer side surface of a light guide sleeve with a relatively smaller diameter size near one end, and an inner blocking block 1122 is fixedly provided on the inner side surface of a light guide sleeve with a relatively smaller diameter size near the other end. The outer blocking block 1121 of a light guide sleeve with a relatively smaller diameter size cooperates with the inner blocking block 1122 of a light guide sleeve with a relatively larger diameter size to prevent the light guide sleeve with a relatively smaller diameter size from slipping out of a light guide sleeve with a relatively larger diameter size. Among them, the outer blocking block 1121 and the inner blocking block 1122 are both distributed in an annular shape.

As shown in Figures 2, 5 and 6, in this embodiment, the number of light guide sleeves of the first telescopic light guide mechanism 11, the second telescopic light guide mechanism 12 and the third telescopic light guide mechanism 13 are all 5, namely the first light guide sleeve 111, the second light guide sleeve 112, the third light guide sleeve 113, the fourth light guide sleeve 114 and the fifth light guide sleeve 115. The diameters of the first light guide sleeve 111, the second light guide sleeve 112, the third light guide sleeve 113, the fourth light guide sleeve 114 and the fifth light guide sleeve 115 decrease in sequence. When in use, the fourth light guide sleeve 114 is mounted on the outside of the fifth light guide sleeve 115 with the smallest diameter, and then the third light guide sleeve 113 is mounted on the outside of the fourth light guide sleeve 114, and then the second light guide sleeve 112 is mounted on the outside of the third light guide sleeve 113, and then the first light guide sleeve 111 with the largest diameter is mounted on the outside of the second light guide sleeve 112. Since the first light guide sleeve 111, the second light guide sleeve 112, the third light guide sleeve 113, the fourth light guide sleeve 114 and the fifth light guide sleeve 115 are all fixedly provided with an outer blocking block 1121 and an inner blocking block 1122, the outer blocking block 1121 cooperates with the inner blocking block 1122 between different light guide sleeves to prevent the light guide sleeves from separating from each other during use.

As shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, on the basis of the above-mentioned embodiment, further, the structures of the first turning tube 21, the second turning tube 22 and the third turning tube 23 are completely the same. The first turning tube 21, the second turning tube 22 and the third turning tube 23 are all fixedly provided with a reflector lens 9 at the corner position, and the reflector lens 9 is arranged at a 45° angle in the first turning tube 21, the second turning tube 22 and the third turning tube 23. The first turning tube 21, the second turning tube 22 and the third turning tube 23 are all fixedly provided with a cooling mechanism 8 near the reflector lens 9. The cooling mechanism 8 includes a box body 81, and a cooling channel 811 is fixedly provided at the box body 81 near the reflector lens 9. A liquid inlet 82 and a liquid outlet 83 are fixedly provided on one side of the box body 81 in sequence. The liquid inlet 82 and the liquid outlet 83 are connected to a water pump and a water tank through a water pipe, and the cooling medium is cooling water. The cooling mechanism 8 can realize the protection of the reflector lens 9 under high-power operation of the equipment.

As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 7 , on the basis of the above-mentioned embodiments, further, a first guide mechanism 4 is provided on one side of the second turning tube 22 along the Y-axis direction, and the first guide mechanism 4 includes a bracket 41 and a guide rod 42. There are two brackets 41, and a guide rod 42 is fixedly installed between the two brackets 41, and the guide rod 42 is distributed along the Y-axis direction. A first ring 43 is sleeved on the guide rod 42, and the first ring 43 is slidably connected to the guide rod 42. A second ring 44 is fixedly provided on the second turning tube 22, and a connecting block 45 is provided between the second ring 44 and the first ring 43 bracket 41. The first guide mechanism 4 guides the extension and retraction of the first telescopic light guide mechanism 11.

As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 8 , on the basis of the above-mentioned embodiments, further, a second guide mechanism 5 is provided on one side of the second turning tube 22 and the third turning tube 23 along the X-axis direction. The second guide mechanism 5 includes a guide rod 42, and the guide rod 42 is distributed along the X-axis direction. A first ring 43 is sleeved on the guide rod 42, and the first ring 43 has two and the two first rings 43 are slidably connected with the guide rod 42. A second ring 44 is fixedly provided on the second turning tube 22, and a second ring 44 is also fixedly provided on the third turning tube 23. A connecting block 45 is provided between the two second rings 44 and the two first rings 43 on the guide rod 42. The second guide mechanism 5 guides the telescopic movement of the second telescopic light guide mechanism 12. Among them, both ends of the guide rod 42 of the second guide mechanism 5 are fixedly installed with a limit block 51 by threading, and the limit block 51 can prevent the two first rings 43 on the guide rod 42 from slipping off.

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 9 and Fig. 10, on the basis of the above-mentioned embodiment, further, the structures of the first driving mechanism 31, the second driving mechanism 32 and the third driving mechanism 33 are completely the same. The first driving mechanism 31 comprises a frame 311, on which a screw rod 312 is rotatably arranged, a nut is mounted on the screw rod 312, and a displacement platform 313 is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the nut. A motor 314 is fixedly installed at one end of the frame 311 by screws, and a servo motor can be selected for the motor 314, and the action of the servo motor can be controlled by a controller. The output shaft of the motor 314 is fixedly connected to the screw rod 312 by a coupling, and the displacement platform 313 of the first driving mechanism 31 moves along the Y-axis direction. The displacement platform 313 of the first driving mechanism 31 is fixedly installed with the second driving mechanism 32 by screws away from the end of the motor 314, and the displacement platform 313 of the second driving mechanism 32 moves along the Z-axis direction. The displacement table 313 of the second driving mechanism 32 is fixedly mounted with the end of the third driving mechanism 33 away from the motor 314 thereof by screws, and the laser processing head 6 is fixedly mounted on the displacement table 313 of the third driving mechanism 33 by screws, and the displacement table 313 of the third driving mechanism 33 moves along the X-axis direction. The working stroke of the displacement table 313 is 1m. The material to be processed distributed along the Z-axis direction is fixedly arranged in front of the end of the laser processing head 6 away from the third driving mechanism 33.

The transmission structure can be installed on an equipment vehicle, a movable platform or a processing platform in a factory. As shown in Figures 1 to 10, when working, the material to be processed is fixed in front of the laser processing head 6. According to the processing needs, the first driving mechanism 31, the second driving mechanism 32 and the third driving mechanism 33 are programmed to drive the first telescopic light guide mechanism 11, the third telescopic light guide mechanism 13 and the second telescopic light guide mechanism 12 to change the distance of the laser processing head 6 in the Y-axis, Z-axis and X-axis directions. For example, the displacement table 313 is driven to move by the motor 314 of the first driving mechanism 31, and at the same time, the multiple light guide sleeves of the first telescopic light guide mechanism 11 are telescoped to achieve distance adjustment of the laser processing head 6 in the Y-axis direction, that is, the distance between the laser processing head 6 and the material to be processed is changed; the displacement table 313 is driven to move by the motor 314 of the second driving mechanism 32, and at the same time, the multiple light guide sleeves of the third telescopic light guide mechanism 13 are telescoped to achieve distance adjustment of the laser processing head 6 in the Z-axis direction, that is, the processing position of the laser processing head 6 on the material to be processed is changed; the displacement table 313 is driven to move by the motor 314 of the third driving mechanism 33, and at the same time, the multiple light guide sleeves of the second telescopic light guide mechanism 12 are telescoped to achieve distance adjustment of the laser processing head 6 in the X-axis direction, that is, the processing position of the laser processing head 6 on the material to be processed is changed; the above process is repeated until the entire processing process of the material to be processed is completed. For materials with uneven surfaces to be processed, three-axis linkage can be achieved during the processing through the programming system, and the distance of the laser processing head 6 in the Y-axis, Z-axis and X-axis directions can be automatically changed to complete the processing, so that the laser processing head 6 can move freely in a three-dimensional space of 1m*1m*1m.

The present invention realizes the free movement of the laser processing head in three-dimensional space and can effectively transmit large-size light spots and high-peak power lasers, and is suitable for laser processing of large-area and special-shaped target materials.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereby. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and deformations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and purposes of the present invention, and all of them should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. A three-axis linkage high peak power spatial laser transmission structure, characterized in that: it comprises a first turning tube, one end of the first turning tube is fixedly connected to the laser, the other end of the first turning tube is fixedly provided with a first telescopic light guide mechanism extending along the Y-axis direction, the first telescopic light guide mechanism is fixedly provided with a second turning tube at one end away from the first turning tube, the second telescopic light guide mechanism is fixedly provided with a second telescopic light guide mechanism extending along the X-axis direction at one end away from the first telescopic light guide mechanism, the second telescopic light guide mechanism is fixedly provided with a third turning tube at one end away from the second turning tube, and the third telescopic light guide mechanism is fixedly provided with a third telescopic light guide mechanism extending along the Z-axis direction at one end away from the second telescopic light guide mechanism. A light guiding mechanism, wherein a laser processing head is fixedly arranged at one end of the third telescopic light guiding mechanism away from the second turning tube; a first driving mechanism parallel to the first telescopic light guiding mechanism is arranged on one side of the first telescopic light guiding mechanism, a second driving mechanism parallel to the third telescopic light guiding mechanism is fixedly arranged on the first driving mechanism, and a third driving mechanism parallel to the second telescopic light guiding mechanism is fixedly arranged on the second driving mechanism; the first driving mechanism drives the first telescopic light guiding mechanism to extend and retract, the second driving mechanism drives the third telescopic light guiding mechanism to extend and retract, and the third driving mechanism drives the second telescopic light guiding mechanism to extend and retract, so that the laser processing head can move freely in three-dimensional space in the Y-axis direction, the Z-axis direction and the X-axis direction. 2. According to claim 1, a three-axis linkage high-peak power spatial laser transmission structure is characterized in that: the structures of the first telescopic light-guiding mechanism, the second telescopic light-guiding mechanism and the third telescopic light-guiding mechanism are exactly the same, the first telescopic light-guiding mechanism includes a light-guiding sleeve, and there are multiple light-guiding sleeves, the diameters of the multiple light-guiding sleeves become smaller in sequence, and the multiple light-guiding sleeves are telescopically connected in sequence. 3. A three-axis linkage high-peak power spatial laser transmission structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: an outer blocking block is fixedly provided on the outer side surface of the light guide sleeve with a relatively larger diameter near one end, an inner blocking block is fixedly provided on the inner side surface of the light guide sleeve with a relatively larger diameter near the other end, an outer blocking block is fixedly provided on the outer side surface of the light guide sleeve with a relatively smaller diameter near one end, and an inner blocking block is fixedly provided on the inner side surface of the light guide sleeve with a relatively smaller diameter near the other end; the outer blocking block of the light guide sleeve with a relatively smaller diameter cooperates with the inner blocking block of the light guide sleeve with a relatively larger diameter to prevent the light guide sleeve with a relatively smaller diameter from slipping out of the light guide sleeve with a relatively larger diameter. 4. A three-axis linkage high peak power spatial laser transmission structure according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the number of the light guide sleeves is 3 to 7. 5. The three-axis linkage high peak power spatial laser transmission structure according to claim 3 is characterized in that the outer blocking block and the inner blocking block are both distributed in a ring shape. 6. A three-axis linkage high-peak power spatial laser transmission structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the structures of the first turning tube, the second turning tube and the third turning tube are exactly the same, and the first turning tube, the second turning tube and the third turning tube are all fixedly provided with reflective lenses at the corner positions; the first turning tube, the second turning tube and the third turning tube are all fixedly provided with cooling mechanisms near the reflective lenses. 7. According to claim 6, a three-axis linkage high-peak power spatial laser transmission structure is characterized in that: the cooling mechanism includes a box body, the box body is fixedly provided with a cooling channel near the position of the reflective lens, and one side of the box body is fixedly provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet in sequence, the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet are connected to a water pump and a water tank through a water pipe, and the cooling medium is cooling water. 8. A three-axis linkage high-peak power spatial laser transmission structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: a first guide mechanism is arranged on one side of the second turning tube along the Y-axis direction, the first guide mechanism includes a bracket and a guide rod, there are two brackets and a guide rod is fixedly installed between the two brackets, the guide rod is distributed along the Y-axis direction, a first ring is sleeved on the guide rod, the first ring is slidably connected to the guide rod, a second ring is fixedly arranged on the second turning tube, a connecting block is arranged between the second ring and the first ring bracket, and the first guide mechanism guides the extension and retraction of the first telescopic light guide mechanism. 9. A three-axis linkage high-peak power spatial laser transmission structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: a second guide mechanism is arranged on one side of the second turning tube and the third turning tube along the X-axis direction, the second guide mechanism includes a guide rod, the guide rod is distributed along the X-axis direction, a first ring is sleeved on the guide rod, there are two first rings and the two first rings are slidably connected to the guide rod, a second ring is fixedly arranged on the second turning tube, and a second ring is also fixedly arranged on the third turning tube, a connecting block is arranged between the two second rings and the two first rings on the guide rod, and the second guide mechanism guides the extension and retraction of the second telescopic light guiding mechanism. 10. A three-axis linkage high-peak power spatial laser transmission structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the structures of the first driving mechanism, the second driving mechanism and the third driving mechanism are exactly the same, the first driving mechanism comprises a frame, a screw is rotatably arranged on the frame, a nut is mounted on the screw, a translation table is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the nut, a motor is fixedly arranged at one end of the frame, and the output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected to the screw; the translation table of the first driving mechanism moves along the Y-axis direction, the second driving mechanism is fixedly installed on the translation table of the first driving mechanism, the translation table of the second driving mechanism moves along the Z-axis direction, the third driving mechanism is fixedly installed on the translation table of the second driving mechanism, a laser processing head is fixedly installed on the translation table of the third driving mechanism, and the translation table of the third driving mechanism moves along the X-axis direction.