CN117803004A - Fissured soil slope shallow layer stability plant ecological control structure and method based on grass irrigation combination - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a fissured soil slope shallow layer stability plant ecological control structure and a method based on grass irrigation combination, wherein the method adopts the fissured soil slope shallow layer stability plant ecological control structure based on grass irrigation combination; the control structure includes: the ecological earthwork cell structure is arranged on a side slope, rainwater is collected through the ecological earthwork cell structure when the ecological earthwork cell structure rains, and water is supplemented to the side slope through the ecological earthwork cell structure when the ecological earthwork cell structure is arid; the grass filling mixed planting structure is arranged inside the cell units of the ecological geotechnical cell structure. The ecological geocell structure is combined with grass filling mixed planting, so that the problem of cracking deformation of the slope surface under the action of dry and wet circulation is solved, and the effective control of the shallow stability of the fissured soil slope is ensured.

Description

Plant ecological control structure for shallow stability of fissured soil slopes based on the combination of shrubs and grasses construction and method

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of slope control and maintenance, and relates to a plant ecological control structure and method for shallow stability of fissured soil slopes based on the combination of shrubs and grasses.

Background technique

Red clay and other fine-grained soils rich in clay minerals have obvious dry shrinkage and fissure characteristics. In recent years, due to global warming, extreme high temperature and drought events have occurred frequently, and the problem of dry shrinkage and cracking of fissured soil slopes has become increasingly prominent. Engineering practice shows that fissured soil slopes can form complex fissure networks up to 3 to 4 meters deep in hot and dry seasons.

At present, skeleton grass planting measures are often used in projects to protect and control fissured soil slopes. The skeleton structure can play the role of slope support and drainage. However, when the slope surface cracks and deforms, it is prone to breakage and loss of protective capabilities; herbaceous plants It mainly plays the role of preventing slope erosion. If it is not properly configured, it will not have a good cracking inhibitory effect on the slope. Therefore, this measure has limited slope stabilization ability and is generally only used for slope protection and control of stable uncracked slopes. In fact, many fissured soil slopes that adopt skeleton grass planting control measures often suffer from shallow instability disasters after rainfall. The main reason is that the slopes suffer from strong dry shrinkage and cracking. Therefore, there is an urgent need to solve the problem of shallow instability disasters in fissured soil slopes to ensure the operational safety and service life of highway subgrades.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a plant ecological control structure and method for shallow stability of fissured soil slopes based on the combination of shrubs and grasses, so as to solve the problem that often occurs after rainfall on fissured soil slopes that currently use skeleton grass planting control measures. The problem of shallow instability disaster.

Another object of embodiments of the present invention is to provide a plant ecological control method for shallow stability of fissured soil slopes based on the combination of shrubs and grasses.

The technical solution adopted in the embodiment of the present invention is: a plant ecological control structure for shallow stability of fissured soil slopes based on a combination of shrubs and grasses, including:

Ecological geocell structure, the ecological geocell structure is installed on the slope. When it rains, rainwater is collected through the ecological geocell structure. During drought, the ecological geocell structure replenishes water to the slope;

The shrub-grass mixed planting structure is set inside the cell unit of the ecological geocell structure.

Further, the ecological geocell structure includes several hexagonal honeycomb bodies;

Each honeycomb body is composed of pieces. Each side wall of the honeycomb body is formed by connecting two inner and outer pieces. The inner pieces of the honeycomb body are connected in sequence, and the outer pieces are connected in sequence to form the top. It is an exposed water storage structure;

The sheet is provided with ventilation holes, and the water level in the water storage structure is controlled through the ventilation holes;

The piece of material is divided into two parts: an exposed section located on the ground and an embedded section buried under the road surface;

The bottom of the embedded section is in an arc shape that is concave upward, thereby forming spike ends on both sides of the bottom end of the sheet.

Furthermore, the two sheets of material of each side wall of the honeycomb body are connected at a certain angle;

The inner pieces of the six side walls of the honeycomb body are connected in sequence, and the outer pieces are connected in sequence, forming a water storage structure that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom.

Furthermore, among the two pieces of material connected to each side wall of the honeycomb body at a certain angle, the outer piece of material is arranged vertically, and the inner piece of material is arranged inclined toward the center of the honeycomb body.

Furthermore, the two sheets of material on each side wall of each honeycomb body are connected at an angle of 15°.

Furthermore, the material sheet is a water-permeable material sheet.

Furthermore, the water-permeable sheet is made of composite nanomaterials with low permeability, and the raw materials include: 50-80 parts of high-density polyethylene, 20-35 parts of nylon, 3-6 parts of glass fiber, 10-15 parts of red clay, 1-3 parts of nano- _SiO2 , 5-10 parts of rubber particles, and 5-8 parts of alicyclic epoxy resin.

Furthermore, of the two sheets of material on each side wall of the honeycomb body, the sheet located inside is evenly provided with water-permeable holes, and a capillary water-permeable membrane is provided on one side of the sheet located inside, so as to form a water-permeable sheet.

Another technical solution adopted in the embodiment of the present invention is: a plant ecological control method for shallow stability of fissured soil slopes based on a combination of shrubs and grasses, using the shallow stability of fissure soil slopes based on a combination of shrubs and grasses as described above. Plant ecological control structure includes the following steps:

Step S1: Level the slope, trim the roadbed slope according to the designed slope rate, slope height, and flatness, and remove pumice and dangerous stones from the slope;

Step S2: Set up a main drainage ditch system on the side slope. The main drainage ditch system includes a rapid trough and a side ditch. The top of the rapid trough set longitudinally along the slope is connected to the side ditch on the road side, and the bottom of the rapid trough is connected to the side ditch set at the foot of the slope. The side ditches are connected;

Step S3: Lay the ecological geocell structure on the outside of the slope, from top to bottom in the main force direction, so that the pieces of the ecological geocell structure are perpendicular to the slope; after the cells are stretched, the ecological geocell structure The chamber structure is shallowly buried and fixed, and filled with filler. Then the culture bowl planted with shrub seedlings is filled from top to bottom into the compartment of the ecological geocell structure, and the gaps are filled with fine soil;

Step S4: after the soil is compacted, the herbaceous plant vegetation layer is sprayed.

Furthermore, the filler of step S3 is selected from ecological and environmentally friendly materials mainly composed of red clay or planting soil from the slope, supplemented by river sand, construction solid waste, plant ash, and humus;

When more than 80% of the shrub plants in the nutrient pot to be grown in step S3 have emerged, use a nutrient pot transplanter to transplant the seedling nutrient pot into each corresponding compartment of the ecological geocell structure;

The nutritional bowl transplanter includes:

Steel plate honeycomb frame tube, the steel plate honeycomb frame tube matches the cell structure and shape of the ecological geocell structure, and the side wall of the steel plate honeycomb frame tube is provided with an exhaust hole near the top;

The main rod is fixedly connected to the piston rod at the top center of the steel plate honeycomb frame tube;

Auxiliary rod, the auxiliary rod is hollow inside, and the top end of the auxiliary rod is sleeved on the bottom of the piston rod, and the bottom end of the auxiliary rod passes through the top of the steel plate honeycomb frame tube and is fixedly connected to the pressing plate inside it;

Spring, the spring is arranged inside the auxiliary rod, the top end of the spring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the auxiliary rod, and the bottom end of the spring is fixedly connected to the steel plate honeycomb frame tube;

When the herbaceous plant vegetation layer is sprayed in step S4, it is divided into the vegetation base layer and the vegetation surface layer. The vegetation base layer is sprayed 7 to 8 cm, and the vegetation surface layer is sprayed 2 to 3 cm; the amount of seeds in the vegetation base layer accounts for 20 to 30%. The amount of seeds used in the planting surface layer accounts for 70 to 80%;

The raw material ratio of the vegetation base is: sawdust 2-6kg/m ³ , bamboo fiber 1-4kg/m ³ , planting soil 8-12kg/m ³ , tall fescue 0.5-1.0g/m ² , ryegrass 0.3-0.5g/m ² , organic fertilizer 0.4-0.8kg/m ³ , compound fertilizer 0.2-0.4kg/m ³ , cement 35-40kg/m ³ , PH buffer 0.01-0.03kg/m ³ , water retaining agent 0.05-0.2kg/m ³ ;

The ratio of raw materials for the vegetation surface layer is: tall fescue 0.5~0.8g/ ^m2 , ryegrass 0.1~0.2g/ ^m2 , teff 0.6~1g/ ^m2 , cineraria 0.2~0.5g/ ^m2 , Ligustrum lucidum 0.5～1g/m ² , bitter thorn 0.4～0.8g/m ² , adhesive 0.08～0.1kg/m ³ , pulp 0.6～0.8kg/m ³ .

The beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention are:

1. The ecological geocell structure includes a water storage structure. In rainy weather, the water storage structure collects rainwater and reduces the scouring effect of rainwater on the slope surface; in dry weather, the rainwater in the water storage structure reversely infiltrates into the soil through the soil siphon principle. , which plays the role of maintaining the humidity of the slope surface and avoiding cracking; secondly, there are spikes at the lower end of the ecological geocell structure, which can penetrate deep into the soil, improve the structural stability of the ecological geocell, and fix the soil on the slope surface to prevent Water and soil loss; In addition, the unique honeycomb structure characteristics of the ecological geocell structure are used to separate the slope surface soil into several independent small units, which plays a role in isolating and limiting the dry shrinkage and cracking of fissured soil;

2. Use a mixed planting pattern of shrubs and grasses. Herbs are the pioneers of slope protection and crack-resistant plants, and shrubs are shallow anchor plants. Herbs can quickly cover the slope and reduce rainwater erosion. Their roots can effectively inhibit cracking of the slope surface and prevent soil erosion. Secondly, in view of the shortcomings of a long shrub planting cycle, shrub seedbeds are planted at the same time as the slope is trimmed, and shrub seedlings are transplanted first. After the shrub seedlings are transplanted, the slopes are planted with herbaceous mixed spraying to save the shrub growth period after the slope is formed. , convenient for transplantation; in addition, through the combination of the surface soil reinforcement effect of herb roots and the shallow soil anchoring effect of shrub roots, an ecological three-dimensional reinforcement system is formed, which effectively enhances the shallow stability of the slope;

3. The ecological geocell structure is combined with mixed planting of shrubs and grasses. First of all, the ecological geocell structure can fix and support the shrubs and grasses on the slope surface in the early stage, preventing them from sliding down the slope surface due to incomplete root system development; Secondly, by regulating the composition of the ecological geocell structure filler, the lateral effect of the ecological geocell structure is enhanced. Shrubs and herbs are connected with the help of the ecological geocell structure. Shrubs and grass are closely integrated with the ecological geocell structure to form a complete A multi-layer slope protection system; finally, the ecological geocell structure can intercept part of the rainwater and utilize the rainwater through the unique structure of the ecological geocell structure to provide moisture to the roots of the vegetation, create a more natural environment for the vegetation, and improve spraying Greening survival rate, reducing cracks, overcoming the problem of cracking and deformation of the slope surface due to the dry-wet cycle, ensuring effective control of the shallow stability of fissured soil slopes, and solving the problem of cracked soil slopes currently using skeleton grass planting control measures. Shallow instability disasters often occur after rainfall.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

Figure 1 is a schematic lateral structural diagram of a slope plant ecological control structure based on a combination of shrubs and grasses according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic front structural view of the slope plant ecological control structure based on the combination of shrubs and grasses according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the connected geocell according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a single cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a single water-permeable material sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a nutrition bowl transplanter according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the picture, 1. Side slope, 2. Rapid trough, 3. Side ditch, 4. Fissure ecological control structure, 5. Mixed shrub and grass planting structure, 6. Ecological geocell structure, 7. Honeycomb body, 8. Water storage Structure, 9. Material piece, 10. Ventilation hole, 11. Fixing hole, 12. Fixing buckle, 13. Exposed section, 14. Embedded section, 15. Arc shape, 16. Spiked end, 17. Nutrient bowl transplantation Device, 18. Rubber handle, 19. Main rod, 20. Piston rod, 21. Auxiliary rod, 22. Spring, 23. Pressing plate, 24. Exhaust hole, 25. Steel plate honeycomb frame tube.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Example 1

This embodiment provides a plant ecological control structure for shallow stability of a fissured soil slope based on a combination of shrubs and grasses. As shown in Figures 1 to 5, it is a fissure ecological control structure 4 provided on the slope 1. Rift Ecological Control Structure 4 includes:

The ecological geocell structure 6 is installed on the slope 1. When it rains, the ecological geocell structure 6 collects rainwater. When it is dry, the ecological geocell structure 6 replenishes water to the slope.

The shrub-grass mixed planting structure 5 is set inside the cell unit of the ecological geocell structure 6. The shrub-grass mixed planting structure 5 includes herbaceous plants and shrubs. The herbaceous plants are the pioneers of slope protection and crack-resistant plants, and the shrubs are shallow layers. Anchor plants, combined with the crack suppression function of the ecological geocell structure 6, overcome the problem of cracking and deformation of the slope surface due to the dry-wet cycle.

In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 3 to 4, the ecological geocell structure 6 includes several hexagonal honeycomb bodies 7;

Each honeycomb body 7 is composed of 12 pieces of material 9. Each side wall of the honeycomb body 7 is connected by two inner and outer pieces of material 9. The inner pieces 9 of the honeycomb body 7 are connected in sequence, and the outer pieces 9 are connected in sequence. The pieces 9 are connected in sequence to form a water storage structure 8 with an open top. The water storage structure 8 is used to collect rainwater.

In some embodiments, two pieces of material 9 on each side wall of each honeycomb body 7 are connected at a certain angle, and two pieces of material 9 on the six side walls are connected correspondingly and penetrated to form an open top and a wide top and bottom. The narrow water storage structure 8 facilitates the insertion of the ecological geocell structure 6 into the soil, which is relatively labor-saving.

In some embodiments, two pieces of material 9 on each side wall of each honeycomb body 7 are connected at an angle of 15°. This angle is moderate and reduces the footprint of the ecological geocell structure 6 after it is deployed, but It also has a certain space to act as a container to collect rainwater.

In some embodiments, among the two pieces of material 9 connected to each side wall of the honeycomb body 7 at a certain angle, the outer piece 9 is arranged vertically to facilitate the fixation of adjacent geocells to form a plane. Overall, the inner piece 9 is arranged at an angle of 15° toward the center of the honeycomb body 7 .

In some embodiments, the pieces 9 of the ecological geocell structure 6 are made of composite nanomaterials with low permeability. During drought, the collected rainwater is penetrated into the slope through the pieces 9 and the slope is treated. Replenish water to prevent cracks in the slope soil due to drought. Because the sheet 9 has a certain permeability, it can provide water to the roots of herbs and shrubs based on soil suction. The water in the water storage structure 8 penetrates into the soil through the sheet 9 under the action of soil suction. The infiltration rate is mainly determined by the degree of soil moisture. When the soil is relatively moist, the suction gradient at the moisture front is small, the initial infiltration rate is low, and then the infiltration rate decreases slowly. If the soil where infiltration begins is dry, water infiltration will stop when the suction gradient reaches a certain level of moisture.

In some embodiments, among the two pieces of material 9 on each side wall of the honeycomb body 7 , the inner piece 9 is evenly provided with water-permeable holes, and one side of the inner piece 9 is provided with There is a capillary permeable membrane. During drought, the water in the water storage structure 8 penetrates into the soil through the water permeable holes and the capillary water membrane.

In some embodiments, the piece 9 is provided with fixing holes 11, and the outer piece 9 of the adjacent honeycomb body 7 is provided with a fixing hole 11, and the adjacent honeycomb body 7 is connected to the fixing hole through 11 Matching fixing buckles 12 are reinforced to prevent the problem of falling off due to weak welding.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG5 , the sheet 9 is divided into an exposed section 13 located on the ground and a buried section 14 buried under the road surface. Since the slope 1 is inclined, the bottom of the buried section 14 is set to be an upwardly concave arc shape 15, so that spike ends 16 are formed on both sides of the bottom of the sheet 9. The spike ends 16 can be used to insert the honeycomb body 7 into the ground, which plays a role in reinforcement and displacement prevention. The spike ends 16 have a small force-bearing area and small resistance under the same force, which can save effort and strengthen the soil. At the same time, not only can the surface be replenished with water through the exposed section 13, but also the inside of the soil can be replenished with water through the spike ends 16.

In some embodiments, the ecological geocell structure 6 is a foldable structure formed by riveting pieces 9 and can be folded left and right for easy organization and portability.

In some embodiments, the sheet 9 is provided with ventilation holes 10 through which the water level in the water storage structure 8 is controlled to prevent excessive water levels from causing excessive pressure loads on the ecological geocell structure 6 and damaging the ecology. Reinforcement effect of geocell structure 6.

In some embodiments, the herbaceous plants and shrubs grow in the filler provided in the ecological geocell structure 6. The filler is mainly red clay or the planting soil of the slope 1, including river sand, construction solid waste, and plant ash. , humus, etc., supplemented by ecological and environmentally friendly materials, and the ecological geocell structure 6 form a structure with strong lateral restriction and large stiffness. The filler and the ecological geocell structure 6 form a structure with strong lateral restriction and high stiffness. The inner wall of the cell generates upward frictional support force for the filler, isolates the transmission of stress and displacement, and produces a net pocket effect on local loads. The reinforcement of geocells with more uniform load distribution reduces the longitudinal stress and shear stress in the soil, enhances the stability of the slope, and achieves the purpose of eliminating uneven settlement and water and soil loss on the slope surface. At the same time, humus and other organic matter that is beneficial to plant growth are added to the filler to provide nutrients for plant roots. For filler particles, it is required to be uniform in size, the particle size should not exceed 4cm, and the filling thickness should not exceed 30cm.

In some embodiments, the herbaceous plants are selected from tall fescue, ryegrass, etc., and the shrubby plants are selected from pyracantha, juniper, ground juniper, etc.

In some embodiments, the raw materials of the sheet 9 made of low-permeability composite nanomaterials include: 50-80 parts of high-density polyethylene, 20-35 parts of nylon, 3-6 parts of glass fiber, 10-15 parts of red clay, 1-3 parts of nano _-SiO2 , 5-10 parts of rubber particles, and 5-8 parts of alicyclic epoxy resin.

Example 2

Weigh the raw materials according to the following parts by weight: 50 parts of high-density polyethylene, 20 parts of nylon, 3 parts of glass fiber, 10 parts of red clay, 1 part of nano-SiO ₂ , 5 parts of rubber particles, 5 parts of alicyclic epoxy resin , and then prepare the sheet 9 according to the following preparation process:

All raw materials were dried in a drying oven (drying temperature 60°C, drying time 12h) to fully remove moisture;

The dried raw materials are configured according to the proportion and mixed in a mixer for 5 minutes, and then added in small amounts and multiple times to a co-rotating twin-screw extruder for extrusion and granulation;

After extrusion granulation, the pellets were placed in a forced air drying oven and dried at 60°C for 12 h;

The fully dried pellets are melted and extruded through a single-screw extruder, extruded through a flat die, and pressed into shape by a tablet press;

Put the pressed geocell sheet into the inside of the mold coated with lubricant, and statically press it under a high two-way pressure of 35 to 40 MPa;

Soak the static pressure formed sheet with water, cover it with plastic film and let it stand for 1 day, then demould and maintain it for 3 to 5 days to form the sheet 9.

Example 3

Weigh the raw materials according to the following parts by weight: 65 parts of high-density polyethylene, 27 parts of nylon, 4 parts of glass fiber, 13 parts of red clay, ₂ parts of nano-SiO2, 8 parts of rubber particles, 6 parts of alicyclic epoxy resin , prepare tablet 9 according to the method of Example 2.

Example 4

Weigh the raw materials according to the following parts by weight: 80 parts of high-density polyethylene, 35 parts of nylon, 6 parts of glass fiber, 15 parts of red clay, 3 parts of _nano -SiO2, 10 parts of rubber particles, and 8 parts of alicyclic epoxy resin ; Prepare tablet 9 according to the method of Example 2.

Comparative Example 1

The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that the raw materials do not contain red clay.

Comparative example 2

The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that the raw material does not contain alicyclic epoxy resin.

Comparative example 3

The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that the raw material does not contain rubber particles.

Comparative example 4

The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that the raw material does not contain glass fiber.

Comparative example 5

The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that the raw material does not contain nano-SiO ₂ .

The mechanical performance data of the ecological geocell structure 6 composed of the sheets 9 of Examples 2 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 are shown in Table 1, which confirms that the ecological geocell structure 6 of this example has good mechanical properties. The permeability data illustrates that the ecological geocell structure 6 of this embodiment has improved permeability and low permeability compared with traditional geocells. The ecological geocell structure 6 and plant roots play a major role in slope cracking to a certain extent, but in dry weather, small cracks will occur on the land surface, and the ecological geocell structure 6 with low permeability is used. The structure can store water and provide water to plant roots and shallow soil when the soil is short of water, preventing small cracks on the soil surface.

Table 1 Mechanical performance data of ecological geocell structure 6

The polyethylene belongs to thermoplastic resin, and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) is selected. Its heat resistance, environmental stress cracking resistance and mechanical properties are greatly improved compared with traditional polyethylene; adding a small amount of red clay can solve the problem of poor compatibility between nylon and polyethylene, play a role in volume expansion, improve the tensile strength of the ecological geocell structure 6, and facilitate the formation of nano voids. The use of alicyclic epoxy resin can enhance the gelling property between the composite materials of the ecological geocell structure 6, not only has the characteristics of good tensile resistance and mechanical mechanical properties, but also has strong temperature resistance, high thermal conductivity, and has high bonding strength under temperature changes. Rubber particles as fillers can enhance the flexibility of the ecological geocell structure 6, and have the characteristics of good water permeability, wear resistance and anti-aging. The addition of glass fiber can effectively improve the heat resistance and heat deformation temperature of the ecological geocell structure 6, especially after the glass fiber is combined with nylon, the heat deformation temperature is at least increased by more than two times, and the material moisture absorption rate is increased and creep is reduced. By adding a small amount of SiO ₂ , the strength, toughness and anti-aging properties of the material are greatly improved, ensuring the material performance while making the material meet the requirements of low permeability.

Nylon is made of nylon 6, which is a high molecular polymer with excellent mechanical properties, high mechanical strength and good toughness. As a synthetic fiber, the most prominent advantage of nylon is its high wear resistance. As a comprehensive general engineering plastic, It is 10 to 20 times more wear-resistant than traditional materials. When stretched to 3 to 6%, the elastic recovery rate can reach 100%. It has good mechanical properties under indoor dry-wet cycle tests. Moreover, as a polyamide material, nylon contains amino and carboxyl groups that have good hydration activity under certain conditions. Therefore, nylon has good water absorption and plays a great role in storing water for the ecological geocell structure 6.

When preparing the ecological geocell structure 6, nylon and red clay are evenly mixed with polyethylene, and the gelling properties of alicyclic epoxy resin and the filling properties of rubber particles, glass fibers, etc. are added to obtain the geotechnical structure. The materials used to prepare the cells have been extremely improved in terms of mechanical properties, heat resistance, and crystallization properties. While having the advantages of low cost and good mechanical properties, they also have the characteristics of good cohesion and flexibility, and are extremely The service life of the ecological geocell structure 6 is greatly extended. On the other hand, the material of the ecological geocell structure 6 has a certain permeability effect, but because the material has fewer pores and cracks and the penetration rate of liquid and gas is slow, it is a low-permeability material. Compared with traditional geocell materials, In addition to better durability, practicality has also been improved. It can store water directly through the material itself and use the siphon principle to provide water to plant roots.

Example 5

This paper proposes a plant ecological control method for shallow stability of fissured soil slopes based on a combination of shrubs and grasses, including the following steps:

Step S1. Level the slope and trim the roadbed slope according to the designed slope rate, slope height and flatness. The flatness is related to the success or failure of grass planting control of the ecological geocell structure 6. When the slope is uneven, the ecological geogrid should be laid. The cell structure 6 is prone to stress concentration, which may crack the solder joints of the cells and cause the cells to step on each other; therefore, the slope must be leveled to the design requirements, and manual slope repair must be used to remove pumice, dangerous stones, etc., and roll When the filling thickness is less than 1m, it is operated by a bulldozer or front-end loader. When the filling thickness is greater than one meter, it can be compacted with roller compactors; otherwise, it is leveled and rolled to the specified requirements according to the requirements of the construction specifications;

Step S2: Set up a main drainage ditch system on the side slope 1. The main drainage ditch system includes a rapid flow channel 2 and a side ditch 3. The top of the rapid flow channel 2 set longitudinally along the slope 1 is connected to the side ditch 3 on the road side, and the bottom of the rapid flow channel 2 is connected to the side ditch 3 on the road side. It is connected to the side ditch 3 set at the foot of the slope 1, so that the road water can flow into the side ditch 3 along the slope surface through the rapid chute 2, so as to avoid road water accumulation and prevent the ecological geocell structure 6 from protecting the slope;

Step S3: Lay the ecological geocell structure 6 on the outside of the slope 1, from top to bottom in the main force direction, so that the pieces 9 of the ecological geocell structure 6 are perpendicular to the slope; after the cells are stretched, The ecological geocell structure 6 is shallowly buried and fixed, and is filled with fillers to form a structure with strong lateral restraint and high stiffness. Then the culture bowl planted with shrub seedlings is filled into the ecological geocell structure 6 from top to bottom. inside the cell, and fill the gaps with fine soil; the filling height of the culture bowl should be 1.2 times the height of the cell; geocells can replace wire mesh to another extent, and can effectively prevent collapse and gravel falling. fall;

Step S4: After the soil is compacted, spray the herbaceous plant vegetation layer.

In some embodiments, while the slope is being leveled, the planting of shrubs is started. First, the principle of in-situ site selection is adopted, and a place with sufficient sunshine, good drainage, fertile soil, and air circulation is selected to avoid puddles or closed areas. Make a seedbed in the area. The soil of the seedbed should be soft, well-drained, rich in organic matter, and rich in nutrients. You can choose soil that is consistent with the slope. Add an appropriate amount of organic fertilizer and mineral fertilizer to the soil to adjust the pH of the soil. The value is between 5 and 6, which allows the soil to fully absorb nutrients and water and improve the growth rate and survival rate of seedlings;

Before raising seedlings, the seedbed needs to be processed and the land needs to be prepared to remove debris and stones. The soil should be spread on the flat ground, and then surrounded by materials such as wooden boards, bricks, and bamboo strips to form a certain size and height so that the soil presents a flat surface on the bed. The size and height of the seedbed should be adjusted according to factors such as the root length, growth period, and management methods of the shrub seedlings, and are generally 20 to 30 cm.

At the same time, plant fibers mainly composed of wheat straw and bamboo shoots are added during the loosening process, with a total content of about 15%, of which the size of bamboo shoots is about 2 to 10 mm. The residual straw size is selected within an appropriate range, and the residual straw in a natural state is ground into segments; wheat straw has a very good effect on the reuse and activation of land. First, it can increase the nutrient content in the soil; wheat straw contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and other nutrients, as well as organic matter. Secondly, returning wheat straw to the field can improve soil activity; the energy source for microbial activity in the soil is mainly chemical energy, and wheat straw happens to contain a large amount of chemical energy, which has the effects of enhancing respiration, fiber decomposition, ammoniation and nitrification. The soil should be divided into blocks according to the shape of the geocell. Seeds should be selected from perennial shrub seeds that are easy to grow, have well-developed roots, low stems, luxuriant branches and leaves, and strong growth ability. Choose Pyracantha, Juniperus chinensis, and Juniperus chinensis. If the shrub seeds are too small, mix the seeds with wood ash, river sand or fine soil, and let them stand for a day before sowing. Generally, 2 to 3 seeds are sown on each piece of soil. After sowing, cover it with a layer of fine soil. The thickness of the fine soil layer should be 2 to 3 times the diameter of the seeds. Compost soil is better for fine soil, and urea and potassium chloride are mainly used as fertilizers. In fissured clay areas, in order to avoid soil compaction, it should not be pressed after covering the soil. After sowing, temperature and humidity management should be done well. Generally, the temperature is controlled at 20 to 25 degrees Celsius. The root system will not develop below 12 degrees. In case of water shortage during the emergence period, the film should be removed to replenish water. Excessive bottom watering should not be applied to affect the ground temperature. If there is too much water, the film should be removed for ventilation to avoid uneven emergence caused by lack of oxygen and low temperature.

Different numbers of shrub seed grains were sown on each same nutrient pot, and their daily growth conditions are shown in Table 2 below.

Table 2 Experimental data on shrub plant survival conditions

Number of seeds Plant height increase/cm Total biomass/g 1-2 1.86 30.05 2-3 1.85 44.45 3-5 1.73 36.84

When more than 80% of the shrub plants in the nutrient bowl for seedlings have emerged, the nutrient bowl transplanter can be used to transplant the seedling nutrient bowl into each corresponding compartment of the ecological geocell structure 6 .

In some embodiments, this embodiment uses a nutrient pot transplanter 17 as shown in FIG. 6 , comprising:

The steel plate honeycomb frame tube 25 matches the cell structure and shape of the ecological geocell structure 6. The side wall of the steel plate honeycomb frame tube 25 is provided with an exhaust hole 24 near the top;

A main rod 19, the main rod 19 is fixedly connected to a piston rod 20 at the top center of a steel plate honeycomb frame tube 25;

Auxiliary rod 21, the auxiliary rod 21 is hollow inside, and the top end of the auxiliary rod 21 is sleeved on the bottom of the piston rod 20, and the bottom end of the auxiliary rod 21 passes through the top of the steel plate honeycomb frame tube 25 and is fixedly connected to the pressing plate 23 inside it;

Spring 22 is arranged inside the auxiliary rod 21. The top end of the spring 22 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the auxiliary rod 21. The bottom end of the spring 22 is fixedly connected to the steel plate honeycomb frame tube 25.

When pressing to take out the seedlings, first align the nutrient pot transplanter 17 with the shrub seedling bed, press the cross bar at the top of the main rod 19, so that the piston rod 20 drives the pressing plate 23 to move downward, and stop pressing when it touches the shrub seedling bed nutrient pot. At this time, the force disappears, and due to the action of the spring 22, the piston rod 20 automatically rebounds, and the auxiliary rod 21 drives the pressing plate 23 to move upward, forming a negative pressure inside the steel plate honeycomb frame tube 25, between the pressing plate 23 and the shrub seedling bed, so that the shrub seedling bed nutrient pot is adsorbed in the tube and will not fall, thereby extracting the shrub seedling bed nutrient pot. When transplanting, align the nutrient pot transplanter 17 with the ecological geocell structure 6, press the cross bar at the top of the main rod 19, so that the piston rod 20 drives the pressing plate 23 to move downward, and press the shrub seedling bed nutrient pot in the steel plate honeycomb frame tube 25 into the corresponding honeycomb body 7, ensuring that the shrub seedlings are well-lit and have enough space to stretch, and achieve the maximum planting rate while meeting the overall harmony of the landscape.

In some embodiments, the main rod 19 is an H-shaped structure, with a cross bar on the top and rubber handles 18 on both ends of the cross bar;

The two vertical rods of the main rod 19 are correspondingly installed at the top center of the cross composed of the piston rods 20 on the top of the four steel plate honeycomb frame tubes 25;

The eight steel plate honeycomb frame tubes 25 of each nutrient bowl transplanter 17 are connected and correspond to the eight adjacent honeycomb bodies 7 of the ecological geocell structure 6 .

In some embodiments, when the herbaceous plant vegetation layer is sprayed in step S4, it is divided into a vegetation base layer and a vegetation surface layer. Generally, the vegetation base layer is sprayed 7 to 8 cm, and the vegetation surface layer is sprayed 2 to 3 cm; the seeds of the vegetation base layer are sprayed The dosage accounts for 20 to 30%, and the dosage of seeds for the planting surface layer accounts for 70 to 80%. Layered spraying is conducive to improving the seedling emergence rate and seedling growth rate, shortening the greening and covering time, and reducing production costs and maintenance costs.

The mixed spray material is sprayed on the vegetation base and the vegetation surface layer from the front to avoid upward spraying. The concave and convex parts and dead corners need to be sprayed again. After the spraying is completed, the surface of the herbaceous plant vegetation layer is covered with non-woven fabrics and watered once every 2 days to keep the topsoil moist within 15cm to reduce the scouring of seeds caused by heavy precipitation, and also reduce the evaporation of water on the slope surface, further improving the germination and growth environment of seeds. Then use the high-pressure sprayer to evenly wet the mixed spray material sprayed on the slope surface with maintenance water in the form of mist. Pay attention to controlling the distance and moving speed between the nozzle and the slope surface to ensure that there is no high-pressure water flow impacting the slope surface and washing away the mixture and seeds in the mixed spray material.

Example 6

The raw material ratio of the plant base layer in this embodiment is: sawdust 4kg/m ³ , bamboo fiber 3kg/m ³ , planting soil 10kg/m ³ , tall fescue 0.5g/m ² , ryegrass 0.3g/m ² , organic Fertilizer 0.4kg/m ³ , compound fertilizer 0.2kg/m ³ , cement 35kg/m ³ , pH buffer 0.02kg/m ³ , water retaining agent 0.05kg/m ³ .

The raw material ratio of the plant surface layer in this embodiment is: tall fescue 0.8g/m ² , ryegrass 0.2g/m ² , teff 1g/m ² , cineraria 0.5g/m ² , and ligustrum lucidum 1g. /m ² , bitter thorn 0.8g/m ² , adhesive 0.08kg/m ³ , pulp 0.6kg/m ³ .

The mixed spraying material for the vegetation base layer and the mixed spraying material for the surface layer are mixed by a forced mixer respectively, and the mixing time is more than 1 minute.

Example 7

The raw material ratio of the plant base layer in this embodiment is: sawdust 2kg/m ³ , bamboo fiber 1kg/m ³ , planting soil 8kg/m ³ , tall fescue 1.0g/m ² , ryegrass 0.5g/m ² , organic Fertilizer 0.8kg/m ³ , compound fertilizer 0.4kg/m ³ , cement 35kg/m ³ , pH buffer 0.01kg/m ³ , water retaining agent 0.2kg/m ³ .

The raw material ratio of the plant surface layer in this embodiment is: tall fescue 0.5g/m ² , ryegrass 0.1g/m ² , teff 0.6g/m ² , cineraria 0.2g/m ² , and ligustrum lucidum 0.5g/m ² , bitter thorn 0.4g/m ² , adhesive 0.08kg/m ³ , pulp 0.6kg/m ³ .

The base layer spray mixed material and the surface layer spray mixed material are mixed separately by a forced mixer, and the mixing time is more than 1 minute.

Example 8

The raw material ratio of the plant base layer in this embodiment is: sawdust 6kg/m ³ , bamboo fiber 4kg/m ³ , planting soil 12kg/m ³ , tall fescue 0.5g/m ² , ryegrass 0.3g/m ² , organic Fertilizer 0.4kg/m ³ , compound fertilizer 0.2kg/m ³ , cement 40kg/m ³ , pH buffer 0.03kg/m ³ , water retaining agent 0.05kg/m ³ .

The raw material ratio of the plant surface layer in this embodiment is: tall fescue 0.8g/m ² , ryegrass 0.2g/m ² , teff 1g/m ² , cineraria 0.5g/m ² , and ligustrum lucidum 1g. /m ² , bitter thorn 0.8g/m ² , adhesive 0.1kg/m ³ , pulp 0.8kg/m ³ .

Comparative example 6

The raw materials of the plant base layer do not contain bamboo fiber, sawdust, and water retaining agent, and the rest are the same as in Example 7.

The experimental data on the growth of herbaceous plants in Examples 6 to 8 and Comparative Example 6 are shown in Table 3. It can be seen that the use of bamboo fiber, sawdust, and water-retaining agent has a greater positive effect on promoting the growth of herbaceous plants.

Table 3 Experimental data on the growth of herbaceous plants

project Average floor height/cm Grass density/plant/ha Example 6 42.8 500 Example 7 38.6 468 Example 8 35.4 434 Comparative example 6 32.1 443

The production method of mixed spray material for planting base layer is:

First, the bamboo fiber (residual whip) and local branches are crushed, and the material with a particle size of 10 to 25 mm is screened through the particle size sieve, and the impurities are screened out;

Select the original soil where the slope is located, crush it and screen the soil particles below 8mm, and the moisture content does not exceed 20%;

Bamboo fiber (whip residue) with a size of 10-25mm and local branches are selected as fibers. The mixture is composed of fibers, fertilizers and planting soil. While providing a reasonable physical environment for vegetation growth, it is also bonded to the slope surface to prevent the loss of the slope substrate and resist rain erosion.

Add cement, fertilizer, PH slow-release agent, water-retaining agent, and grass seeds to the mixture to make pulp. The cement number is not less than PO32.5. It can form a certain strength after spraying, improve the anti-scouring ability of the slope, and make pulp. When adding a certain amount of sawdust, a certain honeycomb structure can be formed in the mixture to improve the breathability and water retention properties of the mixture.

This embodiment adopts a hybrid method of herbaceous plants and shrub plants. Since the xylem in the stems of herbaceous plants is underdeveloped, contains few lignified cells, has weak support, short lifespan, and weak stems, it needs frequent replanting and has strong growth ability. , can grow in a short time, so the mixed spray planting method is used to facilitate planting, reduce labor time, and fix the slope; while shrub plants have deeper root systems, are drought-resistant, and have smaller management tasks, but their growth cycle is longer. It is long, so it can be transplanted through seedbed planting in advance, which can stabilize the root system and facilitate management.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a fissured soil property side slope shallow stability plant ecological control structure based on irritate grass combination which characterized in that includes:

the ecological earthwork cell structure (6), the ecological earthwork cell structure (6) is arranged on the side slope (1), the ecological earthwork cell structure (6) is used for collecting rainwater when raining, and the ecological earthwork cell structure (6) is used for supplementing water to the side slope when drought;

the grass filling mixed planting structure (5) is arranged inside the grid cell of the ecological geotechnical grid structure (6).

2. The plant ecological control structure based on the fissured soil slope shallow stability combined with grass irrigation according to claim 1, wherein the ecological geocell structure (6) comprises a plurality of hexagonal honeycomb bodies (7);

each honeycomb body (7) is composed of material sheets (9), each side wall of each honeycomb body (7) is formed by connecting an inner material sheet and an outer material sheet (9), the material sheets (9) positioned inside the honeycomb body (7) are sequentially connected, the material sheets (9) positioned outside the honeycomb body are sequentially connected, and a water storage structure (8) with an open top is formed through penetration;

the material sheet (9) is provided with a vent hole (10), and the water level in the water storage structure (8) is controlled through the vent hole (10);

the material sheet (9) is divided into an exposed section (13) positioned on the ground and an embedded section (14) embedded under the road surface;

the bottom of the embedded section (14) is in an upward concave arc shape (15), so that a spike end (16) is formed at two sides of the bottom end of the material sheet (9).

3. The plant ecological control structure based on the fissured soil slope shallow stability combined with grass irrigation according to claim 2, characterized in that the two sheets (9) of each side wall of the honeycomb body (7) are connected at an angle;

the material sheets (9) positioned inside and the material sheets (9) positioned outside of six side walls of the honeycomb body (7) are sequentially connected, and the water storage structure (8) with wide upper part and narrow lower part is formed through the connection.

4. A fissured soil slope shallow stability plant ecological control structure based on grass filling combination according to claim 3, wherein, of the two webs (9) connected at a certain angle to each side wall of the honeycomb body (7), the web (9) located at the outside is vertically arranged, and the web (9) located at the inside is inclined to the center of the honeycomb body (7).

5. A fissured soil slope shallow stability plant ecological control structure based on grass incorporation according to claim 3, characterised in that the two webs (9) of each side wall of each honeycomb body (7) are connected at an angle of 15 °.

6. The plant ecological control structure based on the fissured soil slope shallow stability combined with grass irrigation according to any of claims 2 to 5, wherein the material sheet (9) is a water permeable material sheet.

7. The plant ecological control structure based on the fissured soil slope shallow stability combined with grass irrigation according to claim 6, wherein the permeable material sheet is made of a composite nanomaterial with low permeability, and the raw materials comprise: 50-80 parts of high-density polyethylene, 20-35 parts of nylon, 3-6 parts of glass fiber, 10-15 parts of red clay and nano SiO ₂ 1 to 3 parts of rubber particles, 5 to 10 parts of alicyclic epoxy resin and 5 to 8 parts of alicyclic epoxy resin.

8. The plant ecological control structure based on the fissured soil slope shallow stability combined with grass irrigation according to claim 6, wherein in the two sheets (9) of each side wall of the honeycomb body (7), water permeable holes are uniformly formed in the sheets (9) located inside, and capillary water permeable films are arranged on one side of the sheets (9) located inside to form the water permeable sheets.

9. The method for controlling the shallow-layer-stability plant ecology of the fissured soil slope based on grass filling combination is characterized by adopting the shallow-layer-stability plant ecology control structure of the fissured soil slope based on grass filling combination as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 8, and comprises the following steps:

s1, leveling the slope, trimming the slope of the roadbed slope according to the designed slope rate, slope height and flatness, and removing the pumice and dangerous stones of the slope;

s2, arranging a main drainage ditch system on the side slope (1), wherein the main drainage ditch system comprises a rapid trough (2) and side ditches (3), the top of the rapid trough (2) longitudinally arranged along the side slope (1) is communicated with the side ditches (3) on the road surface side, and the bottom of the rapid trough (2) is communicated with the side ditches (3) arranged at the slope feet of the side slope (1);

s3, paving an ecological earthwork cellular structure (6) on the outer side of the side slope (1), and paving the ecological earthwork cellular structure (6) from top to bottom in the main stress direction to enable a material sheet (9) of the ecological earthwork cellular structure (6) to be perpendicular to the side slope; after the cells are pulled open, shallow burying and fixing are carried out on the ecological geotechnical cell structure (6), filling is carried out, then, a culture pot planted with shrub seedlings is filled into the cells of the ecological geotechnical cell structure (6) from top to bottom, and gaps are filled with fine soil;

and S4, after the soil body is compacted, spraying and seeding the herbaceous plant vegetation layer.

10. The method for ecologically controlling shallow stability plants of the fissured soil slope based on grass filling combination according to claim 9, wherein the filler in the step S3 is an ecologically environment-friendly material taking red clay or planting soil of the slope (1) as a main material and river sand, building solid waste, plant ash and humus as auxiliary materials;

when more than 80% of shrub plants in the nutrition pot to be cultivated in the step S3 emerge, transplanting the cultivation nutrition pot into each grid corresponding to the ecological geotechnical grid structure (6) by using a nutrition pot transplanting device (17);

the nutrition pot transplanting device (17) comprises:

the steel plate honeycomb frame cylinder (25), the grid structure and the shape of the steel plate honeycomb frame cylinder (25) are matched with those of the ecological geotechnical grid structure (6), and the side wall of the steel plate honeycomb frame cylinder (25) is provided with an exhaust hole (24) near the top;

the main rod (19), the main rod (19) is fixedly connected with a piston rod (20) at the center of the top of the steel plate honeycomb frame cylinder (25);

the auxiliary rod (21) is hollow in the auxiliary rod (21), the top end of the auxiliary rod (21) is sleeved at the bottom of the piston rod (20), and the bottom end of the auxiliary rod (21) penetrates through the top of the steel plate honeycomb frame cylinder (25) and is fixedly connected with the pressing plate (23) in the steel plate honeycomb frame cylinder;

the spring (22) is arranged in the auxiliary rod (21), the top end of the spring (22) is fixedly connected with the bottom of the auxiliary rod (21), and the bottom end of the spring (22) is fixedly connected with the steel plate honeycomb-shaped frame cylinder (25);

the step S4 is divided into a plant growth base layer and a plant growth surface layer for spray sowing, wherein the plant growth base layer is spray-sown by 7-8 cm, and the plant growth surface layer is spray-sown by 2-3 cm; the seed amount of the plant-growing base layer is 20-30%, and the seed amount of the plant-growing surface layer is 70-80%;

the plant-based layer comprises the following raw materials: saw dust 2-6 kg/m ³ Bamboo fiber 1-4 kg/m ³ 8-12 kg/m of planting soil ³ 0.5 to 1.0g/m of festuca arundinacea ² 0.3 to 0.5g/m of ryegrass ² Organic fertilizer 0.4-0.8 kg/m ³ 0.2-0.4 kg/m of compound fertilizer ³ 35-40 kg/m of cement ³ PH buffer 0.01-0.03 kg/m ³ 0.05 to 0.2kg/m of water-retaining agent ³ ；

The raw materials of the plant surface layer are as follows: 0.5-0.8 g/m of festuca arundinacea ² 0.1 to 0.2g/m of ryegrass ² 0.6 to 1g/m of curved leaf teff ² 0.2 to 0.5g/m of stevia rebaudiana ² 0.5 to 1g/m of ligustrum lucidum ² 0.4 to 0.8g/m of bitter thorn ² 0.08 to 0.1kg/m of adhesive ³ Pulp of 0.6-0.8 kg/m ³ 。