CN117723848A - Phased array antenna performance evaluation method under atypical microwave test field condition - Google Patents
Phased array antenna performance evaluation method under atypical microwave test field condition Download PDFInfo
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- CN117723848A CN117723848A CN202311639384.7A CN202311639384A CN117723848A CN 117723848 A CN117723848 A CN 117723848A CN 202311639384 A CN202311639384 A CN 202311639384A CN 117723848 A CN117723848 A CN 117723848A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a phased array antenna performance evaluation method under atypical microwave test field conditions, which is used for rapidly and independently controlling the amplitude phase of a microwave signal of each channel of a phased array antenna at a specific distance; the test probe rapidly collects microwave signals of each channel of the phased array antenna to be tested under the condition of no movement; the calibration compensation parameters of the antenna are obtained by rapid calculation based on single-channel amplitude-phase data of the antenna to be tested, which are acquired through testing; the rapid evaluation of the performance of the directional pattern of the phased array antenna to be tested is realized by controlling the beam scanning of the phased array antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of antennas and microwave tests, in particular to a phased array antenna performance evaluation method under atypical microwave test field conditions.
Background
The pattern characteristics of the phased array antenna are important basis for reflecting the performance of the phased array antenna, and core parameters of the pattern characteristics of the antenna comprise beam pointing precision, beam width, side lobe level and the like. Existing antenna pattern characteristic parameters are typically tested under typical microwave test field, near field or far field conditions using specialized test systems. The antenna near-field test system needs to be used for a planar scanning frame, the antenna far-field test system needs to be used for a two-dimensional turntable, the scanning frame and the turntable are large-scale high-precision mechanical devices, are large, heavy and immovable, have severe requirements on the environment of a test site, and have complex test system and low test efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the phased array antenna performance evaluation method under the atypical microwave test field condition, which solves the problem of dependence of the phased array antenna test on a large-scale high-precision mechanical device, simplifies a phased array antenna test system and improves the antenna test efficiency.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme.
A phased array antenna performance evaluation method under atypical microwave test field conditions comprises the following steps:
1) Selecting a relatively open field, initially erecting a tested phased array antenna and a test probe, wherein the tested antenna is opposite to the mouth surface of the test probe, and the distance between the tested antenna and the mouth surface of the test probe is larger than the near-field distance and smaller than the far-field distance, and no other shielding object exists between the tested antenna and the test probe;
2) Further adjusting the position of the test probe;
3) Forming a test signal closed loop by the phased array antenna to be tested, the test probe and the test instrument through the radio frequency cable;
4) Accurately measuring the position coordinates of the auxiliary antenna relative to the antenna array to be measured by an optical measuring instrument, establishing a test coordinate system, and calculating to obtain each vibrator unit E of the antenna to be measured n (x n ,y n ,z n ) To test probe P (x a ,y a ,z a ) Comprises distance and angle information;
5) Controlling one channel of the phased array antenna to be tested to be opened and in a receiving state, radiating microwave signals by a test probe, receiving the microwave signals by the opened channel of the antenna to be tested, testing and collecting the amplitude and phase data of the current opened channel by a vector network analyzer, and recording;
6) Sequentially opening all channels of the phased array antenna to be tested according to the method, and collecting and recording test data to obtain a basic amplitude-phase data matrix of all channels of the whole array surface of the phased array antenna to be tested;
7) Calculating to obtain an amplitude-phase compensation target weighted amplitude-phase matrix of the phased array antenna to be tested by using the position relation matrix and the basic amplitude-phase data matrix;
8) Calculating to obtain compensation control codes of attenuators and phase shifters of each channel of the phased array antenna to be tested;
9) The calculated compensation control codes of the attenuators and the phase shifters of each channel of the tested phased array antenna are burnt into a wave control code register of each TR component through an antenna wave control device to serve as initial states of the phase shifters and the attenuators of each antenna channel, so that the amplitude and phase calibration of the tested phased array antenna is completed, and the tested phased array antenna has beam forming capability;
10 The phased array antenna is controlled to enter a normal working mode, the test probe continuously radiates signals to the tested antenna, the tested antenna sequentially scans beams from-90 degrees to 90 degrees according to beam pointing angles, and the vector network analyzer tests, collects and records data according to the signals received by each beam angle;
11 The amplitude and phase data recorded by each scanning angle are continuously displayed on a test software interface to form a sweep pattern of the tested antenna, so that the basic performance of the tested phased array antenna is evaluated, wherein the basic performance comprises beam pointing precision, beam width and side lobe level indexes.
The near field distance in the step 1) is 5 wavelengths, and the far field distance is the square of twice the antenna caliber divided by the wavelength.
The test probe position in step 2) satisfies the following conditions: the wave beam of the test probe can effectively cover the port surface of the antenna array to be tested; the test probe should be within 3dB beamwidth of all the elements in the antenna array under test; the distance between the test probe and the antenna to be tested is more than twice the caliber of the antenna to be tested.
The distance and angle information in the step 4) is as follows:
cosα n ＝(x n -x a )/r n
cosβ n ＝(y n -y c )/r n
cosγ n ＝(z n -z a )/r n 。
the basic amplitude-phase data matrix of all channels of the full array surface of the phased array antenna to be tested in the step 6) is as follows:
the amplitude-phase compensation target weighted amplitude-phase matrix of the measured phased array antenna in the step 7) is as follows:
the compensation control codes of the attenuator and the phase shifter of each channel of the phased array antenna to be tested in the step 8) are as follows:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: compared with the existing antenna pattern near-field test method, the method can control the independent working characteristic of each channel by using the phased array antenna, and realizes the rapid amplitude and phase calibration and the rapid pattern test and evaluation of each channel of the phased array antenna under the condition of no near-field scanning frame. Because each channel of the phased array antenna is controlled by an electric signal, and the control time is in the order of milliseconds, the amplitude-phase calibration time length and the full array surface directional diagram sweep test time length of all channels of the phased array antenna are generally in the order of seconds. The conventional near field method is to align the scanning frame to each channel for performing the amplitude-phase calibration and the pattern test, and the scanning frame is a large mechanical device, so that the moving speed is very slow, and the time for completing the amplitude-phase calibration and the pattern test of all channels of the phased array antenna generally needs tens of minutes. The efficiency of the present invention for testing phased array antennas is thousands of times that of conventional near field testing.
Compared with the existing antenna pattern far-field test method, the method provided by the invention realizes rapid test and evaluation of the phased array antenna pattern at a relatively short distance (usually about twice the caliber of the antenna array surface), and the test duration is in the second level. The conventional far-field method requires a very long test distance (usually tens of times of the caliber of the array surface), and the far-field test requires a turntable, the rotation speed is low, and the test duration generally requires tens of minutes. Therefore, the testing efficiency of the invention for the phased array antenna is thousands of times of that for the conventional far field test, the requirement for the space of the testing field is reduced by tens of times, and the manufacturing cost of the testing field is quite low.
The invention solves the problem of fast and independent control of the amplitude phase of the microwave signal of each channel of the phased array antenna at a specific distance; the test probe rapidly collects microwave signals of each channel of the phased array antenna to be tested under the condition of no movement; the calibration compensation parameters of the antenna are obtained by rapid calculation based on single-channel amplitude-phase data of the antenna to be tested, which are acquired through testing; fast evaluation of measured phased array antenna pattern performance by controlling phased array antenna beam scanning
The phased array antenna test using the present invention has the significant advantages of high efficiency and low cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the closed loop of the test signal in step 3) of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a sweep pattern of a tested antenna of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and the accompanying specific examples.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the phased array antenna performance evaluation method under the atypical microwave test field condition includes the following steps:
1) Selecting a relatively open field, initially erecting a tested phased array antenna and a test probe, wherein the tested antenna is opposite to the test probe in terms of mouth surface, and the distance between the tested antenna and the test probe is greater than the near field distance (5 wavelengths: 5λ) is less than the far field distance (twice the square of the antenna aperture divided by the wavelength: 2D (2D) 2 /lambda). No other shielding object exists between the tested antenna and the test probe.
2) Further adjusting the position of the test probe, wherein the position meets the following conditions:
1) The wave beam of the test probe can effectively cover the port surface of the antenna array to be tested;
2) The test probe should be within 3dB beamwidth of all the elements in the antenna array under test;
3) The distance between the test probe and the antenna to be tested is greater than twice the caliber of the antenna to be tested (L > 2D)
4) The tested phased array antenna, the test probe and the test instrument (vector network analyzer) form a test signal closed loop through the radio frequency cable. As particularly shown in fig. 2;
5) Further, the position coordinates of the auxiliary antenna relative to the antenna array to be measured are precisely measured by an optical measuring instrument (total station), a test coordinate system is established, and each vibrator unit E of the antenna to be measured is calculated n (x n ,y n ,z n ) To test probe P (x a ,y a ,z a ) Including distance and angle information.
cosα n ＝(x n -x a )/r n
cosβ n ＝(y n -y c )/r n
cosγ n ＝(z n -z a )/r n
6) Further, a channel of the phased array antenna to be tested is controlled to be opened and in a receiving state, the test probe radiates microwave signals, the opened channel of the antenna to be tested receives the microwave signals, and the amplitude and phase data of the currently opened channel are tested and collected through the vector network analyzer and recorded.
7) And sequentially opening all channels of the phased array antenna to be tested according to the method, and collecting and recording test data to obtain a basic amplitude-phase data matrix of all channels of the whole array surface of the phased array antenna to be tested.
8) Further, the amplitude-phase compensation target weighted amplitude-phase matrix of the measured phased array antenna is obtained through calculation by using the position relation matrix and the basic amplitude-phase data matrix.
9) Further, the compensation control codes of the attenuator and the phase shifter of each channel of the phased array antenna to be measured are obtained through calculation.
10 Further, the calculated compensation control codes of the attenuator and the phase shifter of each channel of the tested phased array antenna are burnt into the wave control code register of each TR component through the antenna wave control device to serve as initial states of the phase shifters and the attenuators of the channels of each antenna, so that the amplitude and phase calibration of the tested phased array antenna is completed, and the tested phased array antenna has beam forming capability.
11 Further, the phased array antenna is controlled to enter a normal working mode, the test probe continuously radiates signals to the tested antenna, the tested antenna sequentially scans beams from-90 degrees to 90 degrees according to beam pointing angles, and the vector network analyzer tests, collects and records data according to the signals received by each beam angle.
12 Further, the amplitude and phase data recorded by each scanning angle are continuously displayed on a test software interface, so that a sweep pattern of the tested antenna can be formed, as shown in fig. 3, and the basic performance of the tested phased array antenna can be evaluated, wherein the basic performance comprises indexes such as beam pointing precision, beam width, side lobe level and the like.
Claims (7)
1. A phased array antenna performance evaluation method under atypical microwave test field conditions is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Selecting a relatively open field, initially erecting a tested phased array antenna and a test probe, wherein the tested antenna is opposite to the mouth surface of the test probe, and the distance between the tested antenna and the mouth surface of the test probe is larger than the near-field distance and smaller than the far-field distance, and no other shielding object exists between the tested antenna and the test probe;
2) Further adjusting the position of the test probe;
3) Forming a test signal closed loop by the phased array antenna to be tested, the test probe and the test instrument through the radio frequency cable;
4) Accurately measuring the position coordinates of the auxiliary antenna relative to the antenna array to be measured by an optical measuring instrument, establishing a test coordinate system, and calculating to obtain each vibrator unit E of the antenna to be measured n (x n ，y n ，z n ) To test probe P (x a ，y a ，z a ) Comprises distance and angle information;
5) Controlling one channel of the phased array antenna to be tested to be opened and in a receiving state, radiating microwave signals by a test probe, receiving the microwave signals by the opened channel of the antenna to be tested, testing and collecting the amplitude and phase data of the current opened channel by a vector network analyzer, and recording;
6) Sequentially opening all channels of the phased array antenna to be tested according to the method, and collecting and recording test data to obtain a basic amplitude-phase data matrix of all channels of the whole array surface of the phased array antenna to be tested;
7) Calculating to obtain an amplitude-phase compensation target weighted amplitude-phase matrix of the phased array antenna to be tested by using the position relation matrix and the basic amplitude-phase data matrix;
8) Calculating to obtain compensation control codes of attenuators and phase shifters of each channel of the phased array antenna to be tested;
9) The calculated compensation control codes of the attenuators and the phase shifters of each channel of the tested phased array antenna are burnt into a wave control code register of each TR component through an antenna wave control device to serve as initial states of the phase shifters and the attenuators of each antenna channel, so that the amplitude and phase calibration of the tested phased array antenna is completed, and the tested phased array antenna has beam forming capability;
10 The phased array antenna is controlled to enter a normal working mode, the test probe continuously radiates signals to the tested antenna, the tested antenna sequentially scans beams from-90 degrees to 90 degrees according to beam pointing angles, and the vector network analyzer tests, collects and records data according to the signals received by each beam angle;
11 The amplitude and phase data recorded by each scanning angle are continuously displayed on a test software interface to form a sweep pattern of the tested antenna, so that the basic performance of the tested phased array antenna is evaluated, wherein the basic performance comprises beam pointing precision, beam width and side lobe level indexes.
2. The method for evaluating performance of a phased array antenna under atypical microwave test field conditions according to claim 1, wherein the near-field distance in the step 1) is 5 wavelengths, and the far-field distance is twice the square of the antenna aperture divided by the wavelength.
3. A phased array antenna performance evaluation method under atypical microwave test field conditions according to claim 1, wherein the test probe position in step 2) satisfies the following conditions: the wave beam of the test probe can effectively cover the port surface of the antenna array to be tested; the test probe should be within 3dB beamwidth of all the elements in the antenna array under test; the distance between the test probe and the antenna to be tested is more than twice the caliber of the antenna to be tested.
4. The method for evaluating performance of a phased array antenna under atypical microwave test field conditions according to claim 1, wherein the distance and angle information in step 4) is as follows:
cosα n ＝(x n -x a )/r n
cosβ n ＝(y n -y a )/r n
cosγ n ＝(z n -z a )/r n 。
5. the method for evaluating performance of a phased array antenna under atypical microwave test field conditions according to claim 1, wherein the basic amplitude-phase data matrix of all channels of the entire array surface of the phased array antenna to be tested in the step 6) is:
6. the method for evaluating performance of a phased array antenna under atypical microwave test field conditions according to claim 1, wherein the amplitude-phase compensation target weighted amplitude-phase matrix of the phased array antenna under test in step 7) is:
7. the method for evaluating performance of a phased array antenna under atypical microwave test field conditions according to claim 1, wherein the compensating control codes of the attenuator and the phase shifter of each channel of the phased array antenna under test in step 8) are as follows:
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| CN119199288A (en) * | 2024-11-22 | 2024-12-27 | 天津云遥宇航科技有限公司 | A phased array antenna darkroom testing method |
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