CN117594830A - Fuel cell system and control method thereof - Google Patents
Fuel cell system and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117594830A CN117594830A CN202311543574.9A CN202311543574A CN117594830A CN 117594830 A CN117594830 A CN 117594830A CN 202311543574 A CN202311543574 A CN 202311543574A CN 117594830 A CN117594830 A CN 117594830A
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- single cell
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- HEZMWWAKWCSUCB-PHDIDXHHSA-N (3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O[C@@H]1C=CC(C(O)=O)=C[C@H]1O HEZMWWAKWCSUCB-PHDIDXHHSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010013496 Disturbance in attention Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
- H01M8/04164—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by condensers, gas-liquid separators or filters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04865—Voltage
- H01M8/0488—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell system and a control method thereof, wherein the fuel cell system comprises: the secondary electric pile comprises a plurality of single cell pieces; the controller is used for: determining the minimum operating voltage of each single cell of the secondary electric pile and the minimum operating temperature of the secondary electric pile, and determining the first actual voltage of each single cell of the secondary electric pile; when the first actual voltage of each single cell is smaller than the minimum running voltage, increasing the rotating speed of the cooling water pump, and determining the second actual voltage of each single cell in the secondary pile after increasing the rotating speed of the cooling water pump and the temperature of the first end of the secondary pile; and when the second actual voltage of each single cell is greater than or equal to the minimum operating voltage and the temperature of the first end of the secondary pile is greater than or equal to the minimum operating temperature of the secondary pile, determining that the secondary pile operates at a high potential, and stopping increasing the rotating speed of the cooling water pump. The invention can ensure that the pile operates at high potential and maintain the high power generation efficiency of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of fuel cell systems, and in particular, to a fuel cell system and a control method thereof.
Background
A fuel cell is a chemical device that directly converts chemical energy possessed by fuel into electric energy, also called an electrochemical generator. The gibbs free energy of an electrochemical reaction is determined by the type, temperature and state (gaseous or liquid) of the reactant (fuel). Gibbs free energy is energy that can be used to do external work, but does not include work due to pressure or volume changes, which is manifested as electrical work in a fuel cell. The Nernst electromotive force is an electromotive force calculated from the activity of a reactant and a product on the basis of the Gibbs free energy. According to the Nernst formula, the activity of fuel can further influence the Gibbs free energy, and on the premise of unchanged voltage loss (activation loss, ohmic loss and concentration loss), the Nernst voltage (reversible open-circuit voltage) of the electric pile is improved, and the electric pile is ensured to run at high potential, so that the power generation efficiency of the system can be effectively ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a fuel cell system and a control method thereof, which can ensure that a cell stack operates at high potential and maintain high power generation efficiency of the system.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fuel cell system including:
the system comprises a first-stage electric pile, a cooling water pump, a condenser, a gas-water separator, a second-stage electric pile and a controller; the secondary electric pile comprises a plurality of single cell pieces;
the first end of the first-stage electric pile is connected with the first end of the condenser through a pipeline; the second end of the condenser is connected with the first end of the cooling water pump through a cooling liquid pipeline, the second end of the cooling water pump is connected with the third end of the condenser through a cooling liquid pipeline, the fourth end of the condenser is connected with the first end of the gas-water separator through a pipeline, the second end of the gas-water separator is connected with the second end of the primary electric pile through a pipeline, and the third end of the gas-water separator is connected with the first end of the secondary electric pile through a pipeline;
the controller is electrically connected with the first-stage electric pile, the cooling water pump, the condenser, the gas-water separator and the second-stage electric pile;
the condenser is used for receiving the anode tail gas of the primary galvanic pile, cooling the anode tail gas and then transmitting the cooled anode tail gas to the gas-water separator;
the gas-water separator is used for carrying out gas-water separation on the cooled anode tail gas, transmitting the separated gaseous fuel to the secondary electric pile and transmitting the separated liquid water to the primary electric pile;
the first end of the secondary pile is also used for receiving external fresh fuel;
the controller is used for:
determining the minimum operating voltage of each single cell of the secondary electric pile and the minimum operating temperature of the secondary electric pile, and determining the first actual voltage of each single cell of the secondary electric pile;
when the first actual voltage of each single cell is smaller than the minimum running voltage, increasing the rotating speed of the cooling water pump, and determining the second actual voltage of each single cell in the secondary pile after increasing the rotating speed of the cooling water pump and the temperature of the first end of the secondary pile;
and when the second actual voltage of each single cell is greater than or equal to the minimum operating voltage and the temperature of the first end of the secondary pile is greater than or equal to the minimum operating temperature of the secondary pile, determining that the secondary pile operates at a high potential, and stopping increasing the rotating speed of the cooling water pump.
Optionally, the controller is configured to continuously increase the rotation speed of the cooling water pump when the second actual voltage of each unit cell is less than the minimum operation voltage, until the second actual voltage of each unit cell is greater than or equal to the minimum operation voltage.
Optionally, the controller is further configured to: and when the second actual voltage of each single cell is greater than or equal to the minimum operating voltage and the temperature of the first end of the current secondary pile is less than the minimum operating temperature of the secondary pile, increasing the flow of external fresh fuel received by the first end of the secondary pile and reducing the rotating speed of the cooling water pump until the temperature of the first end of the secondary pile is greater than or equal to the minimum operating temperature of the secondary pile.
Optionally, the fuel cell system further comprises: a fuel mixer, a first reformer, an evaporative mixing device, and a second reformer; the controller is electrically connected with the fuel mixer, the first reformer, the evaporation mixing device and the second reformer;
the third end of the gas-water separator is connected with the first end of the fuel mixer through a pipeline, the second end of the fuel mixer is connected with the first end of the first reformer through a pipeline, and the third end of the fuel mixer is used for receiving external fresh fuel; the second end of the first reformer is connected with the second-stage electric pile through a pipeline, and the second end of the gas-water separator is connected with the first end of the evaporation mixing device through a pipeline; the second end of the evaporation mixing device is connected with the first end of the second reformer through a pipeline, the second end of the second reformer is connected with the first-stage electric pile through a pipeline, and the third end of the evaporation mixing device is used for receiving external fresh fuel.
Optionally, the fuel cell system further comprises:
the DCDC inverter is electrically connected with the secondary pile; the controller is electrically connected with the DCDC inverter;
the controller is used for acquiring the actual voltage of the secondary pile output by the DCDC inverter; and determining the first actual voltage and the second actual voltage of each single cell of the secondary electric pile according to the actual voltage of the secondary electric pile and the number of single cells of the secondary electric pile.
Optionally, the controller is configured to determine that the secondary stack is maintained in high-potential operation when the first actual voltage of each single cell is greater than or equal to the minimum operating voltage.
Optionally, the fuel cell system further comprises:
a temperature and humidity sensor and a coolant flow meter; the temperature and humidity sensor is arranged on a pipeline connected with the third end of the gas-water separator, and the coolant flowmeter is arranged on a coolant pipeline connected with the second end of the coolant pump; the controller is electrically connected with the temperature and humidity sensor and the coolant flowmeter;
and the controller is used for acquiring the temperature and the relative humidity of the gaseous fuel at the outlet of the current gas-water separator measured by the temperature and humidity sensor when the first actual voltage of each single cell is smaller than the minimum operating voltage, and acquiring the flow of the cooling liquid measured by the cooling liquid flow meter.
Optionally, the fuel cell system further comprises:
the temperature sensor is arranged on a pipeline connected with the first end of the secondary pile; the controller is electrically connected with the temperature sensor;
the controller is used for acquiring the temperature of the first end of the secondary pile measured by the temperature sensor.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a control method of a fuel cell system including the fuel cell system according to any of the embodiments of the present invention;
a control method of a fuel cell system, comprising:
the controller determines the minimum operating voltage of each single cell of the secondary electric pile and the minimum operating temperature of the secondary electric pile, and determines the first actual voltage of each single cell of the secondary electric pile;
when the first actual voltage of each single cell is smaller than the minimum running voltage, the controller increases the rotating speed of the cooling water pump, and determines the second actual voltage of each single cell in the secondary pile after increasing the rotating speed of the cooling water pump and the temperature of the first end of the secondary pile;
and when the second actual voltage of each single cell is greater than or equal to the minimum operating voltage and the temperature of the first end of the secondary pile is greater than or equal to the minimum operating temperature of the secondary pile, the controller determines that the secondary pile operates at a high potential and stops increasing the rotating speed of the cooling water pump.
Optionally, the controller continues to increase the rotation speed of the cooling water pump when the second actual voltage of each single cell is less than the minimum operation voltage until the second actual voltage of each single cell is greater than or equal to the minimum operation voltage.
The fuel cell system provided by the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention comprises a first-stage electric pile, a cooling water pump, a condenser, a gas-water separator, a second-stage electric pile and a controller; the secondary electric pile comprises a plurality of single cell pieces; the controller is used for: determining the minimum operating voltage of each single cell of the secondary electric pile and the minimum operating temperature of the secondary electric pile, and determining the first actual voltage of each single cell of the secondary electric pile; when the first actual voltage of each single cell is smaller than the minimum running voltage, increasing the rotating speed of the cooling water pump, and determining the second actual voltage of each single cell in the secondary pile after increasing the rotating speed of the cooling water pump and the temperature of the first end of the secondary pile; and when the second actual voltage of each single cell is greater than or equal to the minimum operating voltage and the temperature of the first end of the secondary pile is greater than or equal to the minimum operating temperature of the secondary pile, determining that the secondary pile operates at a high potential, and stopping increasing the rotating speed of the cooling water pump. According to the embodiment of the invention, the cooling capacity of the condenser to the cooling liquid is improved by increasing the rotating speed of the cooling water pump, so that the activity of the gaseous fuel separated from the gas-water separator is improved, and finally the activity of the gaseous fuel in the fuel of the secondary electric pile is improved, so that the secondary electric pile is ensured to maintain higher operation potential, and the high power generation efficiency of the system is maintained.
It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or critical features of the embodiments of the invention or to delineate the scope of the invention. Other features of the present invention will become apparent from the description that follows.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another fuel cell system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a power output diagram of a secondary pile according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a control method of a fuel cell system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, a technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and the claims of the present invention and the above figures are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments of the invention described herein may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Example 1
An embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell system, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell system provided in a first embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 1, the fuel cell system includes: the system comprises a primary electric pile 10, a cooling water pump 20, a condenser 30, a gas-water separator 40, a secondary electric pile 50 and a controller; wherein the secondary stack 50 includes a plurality of cell sheets.
The first end of the primary electric pile 10 is connected with the first end of the condenser 30 through a pipeline; the second end of the condenser 30 is connected with the first end of the cooling water pump 20 through a cooling liquid pipeline, the second end of the cooling water pump 20 is connected with the third end of the condenser 30 through a cooling liquid pipeline, the fourth end of the condenser 30 is connected with the first end of the gas-water separator 40 through a pipeline, the second end of the gas-water separator 40 is connected with the second end of the primary electric pile 10 through a pipeline, and the third end of the gas-water separator 40 is connected with the first end of the secondary electric pile 50 through a pipeline; the controller is electrically connected to the primary stack 10, the cooling water pump 20, the condenser 30, the gas-water separator 40, and the secondary stack 50.
The condenser 30 is used for receiving the anode tail gas of the first-stage galvanic pile 10, cooling the anode tail gas and then transmitting the cooled anode tail gas to the gas-water separator 40; the gas-water separator 40 is used for separating gas from water of the cooled anode tail gas, transmitting the separated gaseous fuel to the second-stage electric pile 50, and transmitting the separated liquid water to the first-stage electric pile 10; the first end of the secondary stack 50 is also configured to receive ambient fresh fuel. The controller is used for: determining a minimum operating voltage of each single cell of the secondary stack 50 and a minimum temperature at which the secondary stack 50 operates, and determining a first actual voltage of each single cell of the secondary stack 50; when the first actual voltage of each single cell is smaller than the minimum operation voltage, increasing the rotation speed of the cooling water pump 20, and determining the second actual voltage of each single cell in the secondary electric pile 50 after increasing the rotation speed of the cooling water pump 20 and the temperature of the first end of the secondary electric pile 50; when the second actual voltage of each single cell is greater than or equal to the minimum operating voltage and the temperature of the first end of the secondary cell stack 50 is greater than or equal to the minimum operating temperature of the secondary cell stack 50, it is determined that the secondary cell stack 50 is operated at a high potential and the increase of the rotation speed of the cooling water pump 20 is stopped.
Specifically, the controller is not shown in fig. 1, and the primary and secondary stacks 10 and 50 each include an anode, an electrolyte, and a cathode. The anode tail gas of the first-stage electric pile 10 is conveyed to a condenser 30, a cooling water pump 20 conveys cooling liquid to the condenser 30, the anode tail gas of the first-stage electric pile 10 is cooled in the condenser 30, namely, the anode tail gas of the first-stage electric pile 10 is a mixed fluid of liquid water and gaseous fuel, the mixed fluid is conveyed to a gas-water separator 40, and the gas-water separator 40 performs gas-water separation on the mixed fluid under the action of gravity to obtain liquid water and gaseous fuel; the gaseous fuel is delivered to the secondary stack 50. The secondary stack 50 may also receive an ambient fresh fuel, which may provide fuel to the secondary stack 50. The embodiment of the invention can reduce the exhaust emission by utilizing the anode tail gas of the primary electric pile 10 to provide the gaseous fuel for the secondary electric pile 50; and liquid water can be transmitted to the primary electric pile 10, fuel can be provided for the primary electric pile 10, material cost can be reduced, and exhaust emission can be reduced.
The minimum operating voltage of each cell of the secondary stack 50 is 0.8V, and the minimum operating temperature of the secondary stack 50 is 500-550 c, which can be determined through experiments. The controller may first obtain the actual voltage of the secondary stack 50, and determine the first actual voltage of each cell of the secondary stack 50 according to the actual voltage of the secondary stack 50 and the number of cells of the secondary stack 50.
The controller compares the relation between the first actual voltage of each single cell of the secondary pile 50 and the minimum operation voltage, and determines that the secondary pile 50 is maintained to operate at a high potential when the first actual voltage of each single cell is greater than or equal to the minimum operation voltage, so that the system can maintain the high power generation efficiency of the system without regulating and controlling the system and maintaining the current operation state; when the first actual voltage of each single cell is smaller than the minimum operating voltage, the temperature, the relative humidity and the coolant flow of the gaseous fuel flowing out of the outlet of the gas-water separator 40 are recorded, as the original state, the rotation speed of the cooling water pump 20 is increased, the coolant flow after the rotation speed of the cooling water pump 20 is increased is observed to be increased, the temperature and the relative humidity of the gaseous fuel flowing out of the outlet of the gas-water separator 40 are reduced compared with the original state, and the success of the rotation speed adjustment of the cooling water pump 20 can be judged. The actual voltage of the secondary cell stack 50 and the number of the unit cells of the secondary cell stack 50 after the rotation speed of the cooling water pump 20 is adjusted are obtained, the second actual voltage of each unit cell of the secondary cell stack 50 is determined, and the temperature of the first end of the secondary cell stack is obtained through a temperature sensor.
The controller compares the relationship between the second actual voltage of each single cell of the secondary pile 50 and the minimum operation voltage, and determines that the secondary pile 50 is operated at a high potential when the second actual voltage of each single cell is greater than or equal to the minimum operation voltage and the temperature of the first end of the secondary pile 50 is greater than or equal to the minimum operation temperature of the secondary pile, and stops adjusting the rotation speed of the cooling water pump 20, which indicates that the cooling capacity of the condenser 30 is not excessively improved, and the temperature of the first end of the secondary pile 50 meets the operation requirement, namely, the adjustment and control are successful. The embodiment of the invention can improve the activity of the gaseous fuel in the fuel entering the secondary electric pile 50 on the premise of not changing the fuel utilization rate of the secondary electric pile 50, and improves the cooling capacity of the condenser 30 to the cooling liquid by increasing the rotating speed of the cooling water pump 20, thereby improving the activity of the gaseous fuel separated in the gas-water separator 40, and finally realizing the improvement of the activity of the gaseous fuel in the fuel of the secondary electric pile 50, so as to ensure that the secondary electric pile 50 maintains higher operation potential and maintain the high power generation efficiency of the system.
The fuel cell system provided by the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention comprises a first-stage electric pile 10, a cooling water pump 20, a condenser 30, a gas-water separator 40, a second-stage electric pile 50 and a controller; wherein the secondary stack 50 includes a plurality of cell sheets; the controller is used for: determining a minimum operating voltage of each single cell of the secondary stack 50 and a minimum temperature at which the secondary stack 50 operates, and determining a first actual voltage of each single cell of the secondary stack 50; when the first actual voltage of each single cell is smaller than the minimum operation voltage, increasing the rotation speed of the cooling water pump 20, and determining the second actual voltage of each single cell in the secondary electric pile 50 after increasing the rotation speed of the cooling water pump 20 and the temperature of the first end of the secondary electric pile 50; when the second actual voltage of each single cell is greater than or equal to the minimum operating voltage and the temperature of the first end of the secondary cell stack 50 is greater than or equal to the minimum operating temperature of the secondary cell stack 50, it is determined that the secondary cell stack 50 is operated at a high potential and the increase of the rotation speed of the cooling water pump 20 is stopped. According to the embodiment of the invention, the cooling capacity of the condenser 30 to the cooling liquid is improved by increasing the rotating speed of the cooling water pump 20, so that the activity of the gaseous fuel separated from the gas-water separator 40 is improved, and finally the activity of the gaseous fuel in the fuel of the secondary electric pile 50 is improved, so that the secondary electric pile 50 is ensured to maintain higher operation potential, and the high power generation efficiency of the system is maintained.
Optionally, the controller is configured to continuously increase the rotation speed of the cooling water pump when the second actual voltage of each unit cell is less than the minimum operation voltage until the second actual voltage of each unit cell is greater than or equal to the minimum operation voltage.
When the second actual voltage of each single cell is smaller than the minimum operating voltage, the second actual voltage does not meet the high-potential operating condition, the rotating speed of the cooling water pump needs to be continuously increased, the cooling capacity of the condenser on the cooling liquid is improved, and therefore the activity of the gaseous fuel separated from the gas-water separator is improved, and finally the situation that the second actual voltage of each single cell is larger than or equal to the minimum operating voltage is achieved, so that the secondary electric pile maintains a higher operating potential is ensured.
Optionally, referring to fig. 1, the controller is further configured to: when the temperature of the first end of the second-stage electric stack 50 is lower than the minimum operating temperature of the second-stage electric stack 50, the flow rate of the external fresh fuel 100 received by the first end of the second-stage electric stack 50 is increased and the rotation speed of the cooling water pump 20 is decreased until the temperature of the first end of the second-stage electric stack 50 is higher than or equal to the minimum operating temperature of the second-stage electric stack 50.
When the temperature of the first end of the second-stage electric pile 50 is lower than the minimum temperature of the operation of the second-stage electric pile 50, the excessive increase of the cooling capacity of the condenser 30 will make the system fail to satisfy the heat balance, i.e. the system cannot autonomously maintain the temperature of the first end of the second-stage electric pile 50, and the rotation speed of the cooling water pump 20 needs to be reduced based on the increase of the external fresh fuel 100, so that the cooling capacity of the condenser 30 is reduced, and the temperature of the first end of the second-stage electric pile 50 is higher than or equal to the minimum temperature of the operation of the second-stage electric pile 50, so as to satisfy the heat balance of the system.
Optionally, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another fuel cell system according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 1 and 2, the fuel cell system further includes a fuel mixer 60, a first reformer 70, an evaporation mixing device 80, and a second reformer 90; the controller is electrically connected to the fuel mixer 60, the first reformer 70, the evaporative mixing device 80, and the second reformer 90.
The third end of the gas-water separator 40 is connected with the first end of the fuel mixer 60 through a pipeline, the second end of the fuel mixer 60 is connected with the first end of the first reformer 70 through a pipeline, and the third end of the fuel mixer 60 is used for receiving external fresh fuel 100; the second end of the first reformer 70 is connected to the second-stage stack 50 through a pipe. The second end of the gas-water separator 40 is connected with the first end of the evaporation mixing device 80 through a pipeline; the second end of the evaporation mixing device 80 is connected to the first end of the second reformer 90 through a pipe, the second end of the second reformer 90 is connected to the first-stage stack 10 through a pipe, and the third end of the evaporation mixing device 80 is configured to receive the external fresh fuel 100.
Specifically, the controller is not shown in fig. 2, and an outlet temperature sensor may be further disposed at the second end of the secondary pile 50, where the outlet temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature of the anode tail gas discharged from the secondary pile 50 in real time, so as to determine whether the emission requirement is met. The anode tail gas of the first-stage electric pile 10 is conveyed to a condenser 30, a cooling water pump 20 conveys cooling liquid to the condenser 30, the anode tail gas of the first-stage electric pile 10 is cooled in the condenser 30, namely, the anode tail gas of the first-stage electric pile 10 is a mixed fluid of liquid water and gaseous fuel, the mixed fluid is conveyed to a gas-water separator 40, and the gas-water separator 40 performs gas-water separation on the mixed fluid under the action of gravity to obtain liquid water and gaseous fuel; the fuel mixture is supplied to the fuel mixer 60 by the gaseous fuel and the external fresh fuel, and the mixed fuel is supplied to the first reformer 70 for reforming reaction, so that the secondary stack 50 can be supplied with fuel. The embodiment of the invention can reduce the exhaust emission by using the anode tail gas of the primary electric pile 10 to provide fuel for the secondary electric pile 50; and the liquid water and the external fresh fuel can be transmitted to the evaporation mixing device 80 for fuel mixing, and the mixed fuel is transmitted to the second reformer 90 for reforming reaction, so that the fuel can be provided for the primary electric pile 10, the material cost can be reduced, and the exhaust emission can be reduced.
Optionally, fig. 3 is a power output diagram of a secondary pile according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 3, the fuel cell system further includes: a DCDC inverter 51, the DCDC inverter 51 being electrically connected to the secondary stack 50; the controller is electrically connected with the DCDC inverter and is used for acquiring the actual voltage of the secondary pile 50 output by the DCDC inverter 51; the first and second actual voltages of each cell of the secondary stack 50 are determined according to the actual voltage of the secondary stack 50 and the number of cells of the secondary stack 50.
The DCDC inverter 51 may output the actual voltage of the secondary pile 50, and on the premise that the number of the single cells in the secondary pile 50 is known, the first actual voltage and the second actual voltage of each single cell in the secondary pile 50 may be obtained by dividing the actual voltage of the secondary pile 50 by the number of the single cells in the secondary pile 50.
Optionally, the controller is configured to determine that the secondary stack is maintained in high-potential operation when the first actual voltage of each single cell is greater than or equal to the minimum operating voltage.
The controller is used for determining that the secondary pile is maintained to operate at a high potential when the first actual voltage of each single cell sheet is greater than or equal to the minimum operating voltage, so that the high power generation efficiency of the system can be maintained.
Optionally, referring to fig. 2, the fuel cell system further includes: a temperature and humidity sensor 01 and a coolant flowmeter 02; the temperature and humidity sensor 01 is arranged on a pipeline connected with the third end of the gas-water separator 40, and the coolant flowmeter 02 is arranged on a coolant pipeline connected with the second end of the coolant pump 20; the controller is electrically connected with the temperature and humidity sensor 01 and the coolant flowmeter 02; the controller is configured to obtain the temperature and the relative humidity of the gaseous fuel at the outlet of the current gas-water separator 40 measured by the temperature and humidity sensor 01 when the first actual voltage of each single cell is less than the minimum operation voltage, and obtain the coolant flow measured by the coolant flow meter 02.
Wherein the temperature and humidity sensor 01 can measure the temperature and relative humidity of the gaseous fuel at the outlet of the gas-water separator 40 in real time; the coolant flow meter 02 can measure the coolant flow in real time. A coolant flowmeter 02 is provided on the coolant line between the coolant pump 20 and the condenser 30; a temperature and humidity sensor 01 is arranged on a pipeline between the gas-water separator 40 and the fuel mixer; when the rotation speed of the cooling water pump 20 is increased, it is determined by the coolant flow meter 02 that the coolant flow rate is increased compared to the original state, and it is determined by the temperature and humidity sensor 01 that the temperature and relative humidity of the gaseous fuel flowing out at the outlet of the gas-water separator 40 are reduced compared to the original state. An inlet temperature sensor may also be provided on the coolant line between the coolant flow meter 02 and the condenser 30 for real-time monitoring of the temperature of the coolant entering the condenser 30. A coolant outlet temperature sensor is provided on the coolant line between the second end of the condenser 30 and the cooling water pump 20 for real-time monitoring of the temperature of the coolant exiting the condenser 30.
Optionally, referring to fig. 2, the fuel cell system further includes: a temperature sensor 03, the temperature sensor 03 being disposed on a pipe connected to a first end of the secondary stack 50; the controller is electrically connected with the temperature sensor 03; the controller is used for acquiring the temperature of the first end of the secondary stack 50 measured by the temperature sensor 03.
Wherein a temperature sensor 03 is provided on a pipe line between the first reformer 70 and the secondary stack 50; the temperature sensor 03 is used for monitoring the temperature of the first end of the secondary electric pile 50 in real time, ensuring that the temperature of the first end of the secondary electric pile 50 is greater than or equal to the minimum temperature of the operation of the secondary electric pile 50, and ensuring that the secondary electric pile 50 operates in a high potential state by controlling the rotating speed of the cooling water pump 20 on the premise of meeting the heat balance of the system, and maintaining the high power generation efficiency of the system.
Example two
The embodiment of the invention provides a control method of a fuel cell system on the basis of the embodiment, including the fuel cell system according to any embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a control method of a fuel cell system according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 4, the control method of the fuel cell system includes:
s110, the controller determines the minimum operation voltage of each single cell of the secondary electric pile and the minimum temperature of the operation of the secondary electric pile, and determines the first actual voltage of each single cell of the secondary electric pile.
And S120, when the first actual voltage of each single cell is smaller than the minimum running voltage, the controller increases the rotating speed of the cooling water pump, and determines the second actual voltage of each single cell in the secondary pile after increasing the rotating speed of the cooling water pump and the temperature of the first end of the secondary pile.
And S130, when the second actual voltage of each single cell is greater than or equal to the minimum operating voltage and the temperature of the first end of the secondary pile is greater than or equal to the minimum operating temperature of the secondary pile, the controller determines that the secondary pile operates at a high potential and stops increasing the rotating speed of the cooling water pump.
According to the control method of the fuel cell system, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the flow of the cooling liquid can be regulated by regulating the rotating speed of the cooling pump, so that the content of gaseous fuel can be regulated, the regulation of the activity of external fresh fuel is realized, the operation of the secondary electric pile at high potential is ensured, and the high power generation efficiency of the system is maintained.
Optionally, the controller continues to increase the rotation speed of the cooling water pump when the second actual voltage of each single cell is less than the minimum operation voltage until the second actual voltage of each single cell is greater than or equal to the minimum operation voltage.
Specifically, the control method of the fuel cell system includes:
determining a minimum operating voltage V for each cell of a secondary stack min And minimum temperature T of operation of the secondary galvanic pile min ；
Determining a first actual voltage of each single cell of the secondary pile; actual voltage V of secondary pile DCDC The output of the DCDC inverter is obtained, and the number of the single cell pieces of the secondary electric pile is n cell The first actual voltage of each single cell sheet is V DCDC /n cell ；
Judging the relation between the first actual voltage and the minimum operation voltage, V DCDC /n cell ≥V min Or V DCDC /n cell ＜V min The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the If the first actual voltage of each single cell is greater than or equal to the minimum operating voltage, i.e. V DCDC /n cell ≥V min The secondary pile is in a high-potential running state, the system does not need to regulate and control, and the current operation is maintainedThe line state is just needed;
if the first actual voltage of each single cell is smaller than the minimum operating voltage, i.e. V DCDC /n cell ＜V min The operation potential of the secondary pile is lower than expected, regulation is needed, and the system enters a regulation state:
recording the temperature, relative humidity and cooling liquid flow of the gaseous fuel at the outlet of the gas-water separator as an original state;
increasing the cooling water pump rotation speed, and increasing the cooling water flow compared with the original state; observing the temperature and relative humidity of the gaseous fuel at the outlet of the gas-water separator, wherein the temperature and relative humidity of the gaseous fuel are reduced compared with the original state;
determining the second actual voltage of each single cell in the secondary pile after the rotation speed of the cooling water pump is regulated and the temperature of the first end of the secondary pile, and judging;
if the second actual voltage of each single cell is greater than or equal to the minimum operating voltage;
judging the temperature T of the first end of the secondary pile 18 Minimum temperature T with the operation of the secondary galvanic pile min Is a relationship of (2);
if the temperature of the first end of the secondary pile is greater than or equal to the minimum temperature of the operation of the secondary pile, namely T 18 ≥T min The method shows that the cooling capacity of the condenser is not excessively improved, the temperature of the first end of the anode of the secondary electric pile meets the requirement, and the regulation and control are successful;
if the temperature of the first end of the current secondary pile is less than the minimum temperature of the operation of the secondary pile, namely T 18 ＜T min It is explained that excessive increase of the cooling capacity of the condenser can lead the system not to satisfy the heat balance, i.e. the system can not independently maintain the temperature of the first end of the secondary electric pile fuel, the rotation speed of the cooling water pump needs to be reduced on the basis of increasing the external fresh fuel, and the cooling capacity of the cooling liquid in the condenser is reduced until T 18 ≥T min 。
The control method of the fuel cell system provided by the embodiment of the invention has the same beneficial effects as the fuel cell system provided by any embodiment of the invention.
It should be appreciated that various forms of the flows shown above may be used to reorder, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in the present invention may be performed in parallel, sequentially, or in a different order, so long as the desired results of the technical solution of the present invention are achieved, and the present invention is not limited herein.
The above embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and alternatives are possible, depending on design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell system, characterized by comprising:
the system comprises a first-stage electric pile, a cooling water pump, a condenser, a gas-water separator, a second-stage electric pile and a controller; the secondary electric pile comprises a plurality of single cell pieces;
the first end of the primary electric pile is connected with the first end of the condenser through a pipeline; the second end of the condenser is connected with the first end of the cooling water pump through a cooling liquid pipeline, the second end of the cooling water pump is connected with the third end of the condenser through a cooling liquid pipeline, the fourth end of the condenser is connected with the first end of the gas-water separator through a pipeline, the second end of the gas-water separator is connected with the second end of the primary electric pile through a pipeline, and the third end of the gas-water separator is connected with the first end of the secondary electric pile through a pipeline;
the controller is electrically connected with the primary electric pile, the cooling water pump, the condenser, the gas-water separator and the secondary electric pile;
the condenser is used for receiving the anode tail gas of the primary electric pile, cooling the anode tail gas and transmitting the cooled anode tail gas to the gas-water separator;
the gas-water separator is used for separating gas from water of the cooled anode tail gas, transmitting the separated gaseous fuel to the second-stage electric pile and transmitting the separated liquid water to the first-stage electric pile;
the first end of the secondary pile is also used for receiving external fresh fuel;
the controller is used for:
determining a minimum operating voltage of each single cell of the secondary electric pile and a minimum temperature of the operation of the secondary electric pile, and determining a first actual voltage of each single cell of the secondary electric pile;
when the first actual voltage of each single cell is smaller than the minimum operation voltage, increasing the rotating speed of the cooling water pump, and determining the second actual voltage of each single cell in the secondary electric pile after increasing the rotating speed of the cooling water pump and the temperature of the first end of the secondary electric pile;
and when the second actual voltage of each single cell is greater than or equal to the minimum operating voltage and the temperature of the first end of the secondary electric pile is greater than or equal to the minimum operating temperature of the secondary electric pile, determining that the secondary electric pile operates at a high potential, and stopping increasing the rotating speed of the cooling water pump.
2. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein:
and the controller is used for continuously increasing the rotating speed of the cooling water pump when the second actual voltage of each single cell sheet is smaller than the minimum operating voltage until the second actual voltage of each single cell sheet is larger than or equal to the minimum operating voltage.
3. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein:
the controller is further configured to: and when the second actual voltage of each single cell is greater than or equal to the minimum operation voltage and the temperature of the first end of the secondary electric pile is lower than the minimum operation temperature of the secondary electric pile, increasing the flow of external fresh fuel received by the first end of the secondary electric pile and reducing the rotating speed of the cooling water pump until the temperature of the first end of the secondary electric pile is greater than or equal to the minimum operation temperature of the secondary electric pile.
4. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising:
a fuel mixer, a first reformer, an evaporative mixing device, and a second reformer; the controller is electrically connected with the fuel mixer, the first reformer, the evaporative mixing device and the second reformer;
the third end of the gas-water separator is connected with the first end of the fuel mixer through a pipeline, the second end of the fuel mixer is connected with the first end of the first reformer through a pipeline, and the third end of the fuel mixer is used for receiving external fresh fuel; the second end of the first reformer is connected with the second-stage electric pile through a pipeline, and the second end of the gas-water separator is connected with the first end of the evaporation mixing device through a pipeline; the second end of the evaporation mixing device is connected with the first end of the second reformer through a pipeline, the second end of the second reformer is connected with the primary electric pile through a pipeline, and the third end of the evaporation mixing device is used for receiving external fresh fuel.
5. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising:
a DCDC inverter electrically connected to the secondary pile; the controller is electrically connected with the DCDC inverter;
the controller is used for acquiring the actual voltage of the secondary pile output by the DCDC inverter; and determining a first actual voltage and a second actual voltage of each single cell of the secondary electric pile according to the actual voltage of the secondary electric pile and the number of single cells of the secondary electric pile.
6. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein:
the controller is used for determining that the secondary pile is maintained to operate at a high potential when the first actual voltage of each single cell sheet is greater than or equal to the minimum operating voltage.
7. The fuel cell system according to claim 2, characterized by further comprising:
a temperature and humidity sensor and a coolant flow meter; the temperature and humidity sensor is arranged on a pipeline connected with the third end of the gas-water separator, and the coolant flowmeter is arranged on a coolant pipeline connected with the second end of the cooling water pump; the controller is electrically connected with the temperature and humidity sensor and the coolant flowmeter;
and the controller is used for acquiring the temperature and the relative humidity of the gaseous fuel at the outlet of the gas-water separator currently measured by the temperature and humidity sensor when the first actual voltage of each single cell is smaller than the minimum operating voltage, and acquiring the flow of the cooling liquid measured by the cooling liquid flow meter.
8. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising:
the temperature sensor is arranged on a pipeline connected with the first end of the secondary pile; the controller is electrically connected with the temperature sensor;
the controller is used for acquiring the temperature of the first end of the secondary pile measured by the temperature sensor.
9. A control method of a fuel cell system, characterized by comprising the fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 8;
a control method of a fuel cell system, comprising:
the method comprises the steps that a controller determines the minimum operation voltage of each single cell of a secondary electric pile and the minimum operation temperature of the secondary electric pile, and determines the first actual voltage of each single cell of the secondary electric pile;
when the first actual voltage of each single cell is smaller than the minimum running voltage, the controller increases the rotating speed of a cooling water pump, and determines the second actual voltage of each single cell in the secondary electric pile after increasing the rotating speed of the cooling water pump and the temperature of the first end of the secondary electric pile;
and when the second actual voltage of each single cell is greater than or equal to the minimum operating voltage and the temperature of the first end of the secondary electric pile is greater than or equal to the minimum operating temperature of the secondary electric pile, the controller determines that the secondary electric pile operates at a high potential and stops increasing the rotating speed of the cooling water pump.
10. The control method of a fuel cell system according to claim 9, wherein the controller continues to increase the rotation speed of the cooling water pump when the second actual voltage of each cell is smaller than the minimum operation voltage until the second actual voltage of each cell is greater than or equal to the minimum operation voltage.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311543574.9A CN117594830A (en) | 2023-11-17 | 2023-11-17 | Fuel cell system and control method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311543574.9A CN117594830A (en) | 2023-11-17 | 2023-11-17 | Fuel cell system and control method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118213564A (en) * | 2024-05-21 | 2024-06-18 | 山东国创燃料电池技术创新中心有限公司 | Fuel cell system and oxygen-carbon ratio adjusting method thereof |
| CN118299633A (en) * | 2024-06-04 | 2024-07-05 | 山东国创燃料电池技术创新中心有限公司 | Multi-stage fuel cell system and gas control method |
-
2023
- 2023-11-17 CN CN202311543574.9A patent/CN117594830A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118213564A (en) * | 2024-05-21 | 2024-06-18 | 山东国创燃料电池技术创新中心有限公司 | Fuel cell system and oxygen-carbon ratio adjusting method thereof |
| CN118299633A (en) * | 2024-06-04 | 2024-07-05 | 山东国创燃料电池技术创新中心有限公司 | Multi-stage fuel cell system and gas control method |
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