CN1175708C

CN1175708C - speaker device

Info

Publication number: CN1175708C
Application number: CNB971813213A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 沟口章夫
Original assignee: Sony Corp
Current assignee: Sony Corp
Priority date: 1997-01-10
Filing date: 1997-01-10
Publication date: 2004-11-10
Anticipated expiration: 2017-01-10
Also published as: CN1245004A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a loudspeaking device which can stably obtain the desired direction through the combination of omnidirectionality and bidirectionality in full frequency including ultralow frequency. A loudspeaker (22) is arranged on one end surface of a sound box (21). A circular acoustic wave transmission opening (23) covered by acoustic resistance material (24) is arranged on the other end surface of the sound box (21). Air vibration generated at the back surface of a vibrating plate of the loudspeaker is used as acoustic waves to be transmitted to the outside by the acoustic wave transmission opening, and extends through a central shaft in the direction of a main shaft (reference shaft) of the loudspeaker (22). A low-frequency filter is formed from the acoustic resistance and the acoustic quality of the acoustic wave transmission opening (23) and the acoustic capacitance presented by the air in the sound box. The directivity is obtained by utilizing the group delay time of the acoustic waves transmitted from the acoustic wave transmission opening (23) by the low-frequency filter in the passband. The optional group delay time can be set irrespective of the dimensions and the shapes of the sound box (21), and the desired directionality can be stably obtained in full frequency including ultralow frequency. By utilizing the directivity, the present invention can correct the acoustic pressure level difference generated by the different attenuation of a right sound track and a left sound track along with the distance, and expand the listening range with good stereophonic effect.

Description

speaker device

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及扬声装置，该扬声装置直至超低频，都能稳定地带有通过全方向性和双向性的组合获得的所希望的方向性，另外能扩大用较小的系统结构获得良好的立体声感的收听范围，还能扩大获得良好的环绕立体声效果的收听范围。The present invention relates to a loudspeaker device capable of stably having desired directivity obtained through a combination of omnidirectionality and bidirectionality up to ultra-low frequencies, and capable of expanding and obtaining good stereophonic sound with a smaller system structure It also expands the listening range for good surround sound effects.

背景技术Background technique

迄今，作为扬声装置，已知有密闭型的和后面开放型的。这里，低频的方向特性在密闭型的扬声装置中为全方向性，在后面开放型的扬声装置中为双向性。另外，在不能将扬声装置看作理想的点声源的中·高频的情况下，扬声装置发射的声波本身就具有方向性。就是说，在现有的扬声装置中，作为低频的方向特性只能获得全方向性或双向性。Hitherto, as speaker devices, a closed type and a rear open type are known. Here, the low-frequency directional characteristic is omnidirectional in a closed-type speaker device, and bidirectional in a back-opened speaker device. In addition, in the case of middle and high frequencies where the speaker device cannot be regarded as an ideal point sound source, the sound wave emitted by the speaker device itself has directionality. That is, in conventional speaker devices, only omnidirectionality or bidirectionality can be obtained as low-frequency directional characteristics.

另外，图28表示现有的立体声扬声装置配置在试听室100内的状态。该扬声装置由左声道用扬声装置1L和右声道用扬声装置1R构成，左声道用扬声装置1L有能使左声道声音信号再生的声音信号再生用扬声装置，右声道用扬声装置1R有能使右声道声音信号再生的声音信号再生用扬声装置。In addition, FIG. 28 shows a state in which a conventional stereo speaker device is arranged in the listening room 100 . This speaker device is made up of speaker device 1L for left channel and speaker device 1R for right channel, and the speaker device 1L for left channel has the speaker device for the reproduction of sound signal that can make the sound signal of left channel regenerate, The speaker device 1R for the right channel has a speaker device for regenerating an audio signal capable of reproducing the audio signal of the right channel.

如果使用这样的扬声装置，则在扬声装置1L、1R的中心线M上的收听位置、例如在a点，基本上能获得扬声装置1L、1R之间的正确的音像定位，因此能再现双声道立体声本来的立体声舞台。可是，在中心线M以外的收听位置、例如在b点，由于声波在距离上衰减不同等原因，音像定位变成偏向扬声装置1R的方向，不能再现双声道立体声本来的立体声舞台。If such a speaker device is used, the listening position on the center line M of the speaker device 1L, 1R, for example, at point a, basically can obtain the correct audio-image positioning between the speaker device 1L, 1R, and therefore can Reproduces the original stereo stage of binaural stereo. However, at a listening position other than the central line M, for example, at point b, due to reasons such as the difference in attenuation of sound waves over distance, the sound and image localization becomes biased towards the direction of the speaker device 1R, and the original stereo stage of binaural sound cannot be reproduced.

即，在图28中，如果用相同的信号激励扬声装置1L、1R的声音信号再生用扬声装置，则扬声装置1L、1R的中心线M上的收听位置、例如a点的音像定位在箭头所示的中央前方。因此，如果使通常的立体声信号再生，则能在扬声装置1L、1R之间再现连续的立体声舞台(图中用点划线La表示)。That is, in FIG. 28 , if the same signal is used to excite the speaker devices for sound signal reproduction of the speaker devices 1L and 1R, the listening position on the center line M of the speaker devices 1L and 1R, for example, the audio-image localization at point a in front of the center indicated by the arrow. Therefore, if a normal stereo signal is reproduced, a continuous stereo stage (indicated by a dotted line La in the figure) can be reproduced between the speaker devices 1L and 1R.

这里，关于双声道立体声音响的音像定位，在听觉上已知有以下性质。如果存在来自扬声装置1L、1R的声波的声压电平差，则扬声装置1L、1R的中心线M上的收听位置、例如a点的音像就会向声压电平高的扬声装置的方向移动。另外，不管激励扬声装置1L、1R的声音信号再生用扬声装置的信号如何，如果产生1～30ms的延迟时间，则扬声装置1L、1R的中心线M上的收听位置、例如a点的音像就会向声波在时间上早到达的扬声装置的方向移动。这种现象被称为提前效应，这是已知的。Here, the sound localization of two-channel stereophonic sound is known to have the following properties from the auditory point of view. If there is a sound pressure level difference between the sound waves from the speaker devices 1L, 1R, the listening position on the centerline M of the speaker devices 1L, 1R, for example, the audio image at point a will be directed to the speaker with a high sound pressure level. The direction of the device moves. In addition, regardless of the signal that excites the speaker device for sound signal reproduction of the speaker device 1L, 1R, if a delay time of 1 to 30 ms occurs, the listening position on the center line M of the speaker device 1L, 1R, for example, point a The audio image will move in the direction of the loudspeaker device whose sound wave arrived earlier in time. This phenomenon is known as the lead-in effect.

在这种听觉上的性质的基础上，来考察一下扬声装置1L、1R的中心线M以外的收听位置、例如b点的音像定位。在该b点，由于收音点与扬声装置1L、1R的距离不同，所以在扬声装置1L、1R的方向性为全方向性的情况下，在来自扬声装置1L、1R的声波中产生到达时间差，同时产生声压电平差。即，来自扬声装置1R的声波的到达时间早，来自扬声装置1R的声波的声压电平高。On the basis of such auditory properties, consider the sound image localization at a listening position other than the center line M of the speaker devices 1L, 1R, for example, point b. At point b, since the distances between the sound collecting point and the speaker devices 1L and 1R are different, when the directivity of the speaker devices 1L and 1R is omnidirectional, a sound wave from the speaker devices 1L and 1R is generated. Arrival time difference, at the same time produce sound pressure level difference. That is, the arrival time of the sound waves from the speaker device 1R is early, and the sound pressure level of the sound waves from the speaker device 1R is high.

因此，扬声装置1L、1R的中心线M以外的收听位置、例如b点的音像，除了上述的声压电平差和由时间差产生的提前效应外，如图28中的箭头所示，明显地偏向于扬声装置1R的方向定位。因此，通常的立体声信号再生时的立体声舞台偏向于扬声装置1R一侧(图中用两点划线L6表示)。Therefore, the audio image at the listening position other than the center line M of the speaker devices 1L, 1R, such as point b, in addition to the above-mentioned sound pressure level difference and the advance effect caused by the time difference, as shown by the arrows in Fig. 28, is obviously The ground is biased toward the direction of the speaker device 1R. Therefore, the stereo stage at the time of normal stereo signal reproduction is shifted toward the speaker device 1R side (indicated by two-dot chain line L6 in the figure).

迄今提出了利用扬声器的方向性的方法来改善上述的立体声舞台的偏向的问题，就是说提出了谋求扩大能获得良好的立体声感的收听位置的双声道立体声音响的再生方法。图29是将扬声器1L、1R的声音信号再生用扬声器2L、2R安装在密闭箱3L、3R中，而且从中央收听位置看，使各自的主轴(基准轴)朝向约45°以内的方向，这是一种基于扬声器2L、2R的震动片具有有限的面积而利用扬声器本身所具有的中·高频的方向性的方法。另外，图30是使用双向性(8字形的方向性)的扬声器作为担当扬声装置1L、1R的中·高频的声音信号再生用扬声装置4L、4R，同时将扬声装置4L、4R安装在前面开放的箱5L、5R内的反射板6L、6R上，而且从中央收听位置看，使各自的主轴朝向约45°以内的方向。另外，实线a_L、a_R分别表示扬声装置4L、4R的方向性。So far, it has been proposed to improve the above-mentioned problem of stereo stage deflection by using the directivity of speakers, that is, to propose a two-channel stereo reproduction method for expanding the listening position where a good stereo feeling can be obtained. Fig. 29 installs the sound signal reproduction loudspeakers 2L, 2R of the loudspeakers 1L, 1R in the airtight boxes 3L, 3R, and from the central listening position, the respective main axes (reference axes) are directed to directions within about 45°. It is a method of using the mid-range and high-frequency directivity of the speakers themselves based on the limited area of the vibrating plates of the speakers 2L and 2R. In addition, FIG. 30 uses a bidirectional (8-shaped directivity) speaker as the speaker device 4L, 4R for mid-high frequency sound signal reproduction in charge of the speaker device 1L, 1R, and simultaneously uses the speaker device 4L, 4R Installed on the reflectors 6L, 6R in the front open boxes 5L, 5R, and viewed from the central listening position, the respective main axes are directed within about 45°. In addition, the solid lines a _L and a _R represent the directivities of the speaker devices 4L and 4R, respectively.

如果采用图29及图30所示的例，则由于扬声装置1L、1R的发射声波具有方向性，在中心线M以外的收听位置、例如b点(参照图28)，来自扬声装置1R的声波的声压电平下降，来自扬声装置1L的左声道的声压电平有些上升，基于左右两声道的声波随距离衰减的不同，声压电平差朝向被修正的方向移动，扩大了能获得良好的立体声感的收听位置。If the example shown in Fig. 29 and Fig. 30 is adopted, since the emitted sound waves of the speaker devices 1L and 1R have directivity, at a listening position other than the central line M, such as point b (refer to Fig. 28 ), sound waves from the speaker device 1R The sound pressure level of the sound wave of the sound wave decreases, and the sound pressure level of the left channel from the speaker device 1L rises somewhat. Based on the difference in attenuation of the sound waves of the left and right channels with distance, the sound pressure level difference moves toward the direction to be corrected. , which expands the listening position where a good stereo sense can be obtained.

可是，如果采用图29所示的例，假定使更低的频率具有方向性，就需要使用大口径的扬声装置2L、2R，使得系统的结构变大。另外，如果采用图30所示的例，假定再生频带的低频界限宽，就需要增大安装扬声装置4L、4R的反射板6L6R，与图29所示的例一样，系统的结构变大。However, if the example shown in FIG. 29 is used, assuming that lower frequencies have directivity, it is necessary to use large-diameter speaker devices 2L, 2R, which increases the size of the system. In addition, if the example shown in FIG. 30 is used, assuming that the low-frequency limit of the reproduction frequency band is wide, it is necessary to increase the reflectors 6L6R on which the speaker devices 4L, 4R are mounted. As in the example shown in FIG. 29, the system structure becomes larger.

另外，图31表示现有的正面环绕立体声扬声装置被配置在试听室100内的状态。该扬声装置由左声道用扬声装置11L和右声道用扬声装置11R构成。例如，扬声装置11L有使左声音信号再生的声音信号再生用扬声器，同时有使环绕立体声信号再生的环绕立体声信号再生用扬声器，扬声装置11R有使右声音信号再生的声音信号再生用扬声器，同时有使环绕立体声信号再生的环绕立体声信号再生用扬声器。In addition, FIG. 31 shows a state where a conventional front surround speaker device is arranged in the listening room 100 . This speaker device is composed of a speaker device 11L for the left channel and a speaker device 11R for the right channel. For example, the speaker device 11L has a speaker for reproducing a sound signal for reproducing a left sound signal, and a speaker for reproducing a surround sound signal for reproducing a surround sound signal, and the speaker device 11R has a speaker for reproducing a sound signal for reproducing a right sound signal. , At the same time, there is a surround sound signal reproduction speaker for reproducing the surround sound signal.

在此情况下，环绕立体声信号再生用扬声器被这样安装在音箱中，即，其主轴朝向音箱的正面方向或相对于其正面方向构成规定角度以外的方向。图31与扬声装置11L、11R的声音信号再生用扬声装置12L、12R的主轴朝向音箱14L、14R的正面方向F_L、F_R一样，表示环绕立体声信号再生用扬声装置13L、13R的主轴SA_L、SA_R也朝向正面方向F_L、F_R的例。另外，图32与扬声装置11L、11R的声音信号再生用扬声装置12L、12R的主轴朝向音箱14L、14R的正面方向F_L、F_R不同，它是表示环绕立体声信号再生用扬声器13L、13R的主轴SA_L、SA_R朝向相对于正面方向F_L、F_R构成规定角度δ以外的方向的例。In this case, the speaker for reproducing surround sound signals is installed in the sound box such that its main axis faces the front direction of the sound box or forms a direction other than a predetermined angle with respect to the front direction. Fig. 31 is the same as that of the speaker devices 12L, 12R for sound signal reproduction of the speaker devices 11L, 11R, in which the main axes of the speaker devices 11L, 11R are directed toward the front directions _FL , FR of the sound boxes 14L, _14R , showing the surround sound signal reproduction speaker devices 13L, 13R. An example in which the main axes SA _L and SA _R also face the front directions _FL and _FR . In addition, FIG. 32 is different from the speaker devices 12L, 12R for sound signal reproduction of the speaker devices 11L, 11R, where the main axis faces the front directions _FL , _FR of the sound boxes 14L, 14R, and it shows the speakers 13L, FR for surround sound signal reproduction. An example in which the main axes SA _L and SA _R of 13R are oriented in directions other than the predetermined angle δ with respect to the front directions _FL and _FR .

在图31所示的正面环绕立体声扬声装置中，在扬声装置11L、11R的中心线M上的收听位置、例如在e点收听的情况下，虽然能获得本来的环绕立体声效果，但例如在中心线M以外的收听位置、例如在f点收听的情况下，存在环绕立体声效果显著下降的缺点。以下，一边说明双声道正面环绕立体声再生系统的原理，一边说明在中心线M以外的收听位置环绕立体声效果如此显著下降的原因。In the front surround sound speaker device shown in FIG. 31 , in the listening position on the center line M of the speaker devices 11L, 11R, for example, when listening at point e, the original surround sound effect can be obtained, but for example In the case of listening at a listening position other than the center line M, for example, at point f, there is a disadvantage that the surround sound effect is significantly reduced. Hereinafter, while explaining the principle of the two-channel front surround sound reproduction system, the reason why the surround sound effect is so markedly degraded at listening positions other than the center line M will be explained.

该正面环绕立体声再生系统是利用前方的两个扬声装置(左右声道用的扬声装置)获得环绕立体声效果的系统，不仅在前方、而且在横向或后方都能产生音像，在感觉上呈现广角立体声舞台，是一种能赋予例如在大剧场中听音乐那样的感觉的系统。因此，正面环绕立体声系统是一种利用听觉的模拟立体音响再生系统，不同于在听觉空间呈现立体的实际声场的传统的多声道立体音响再生系统。The front surround sound reproduction system is a system that uses two front speaker devices (speaker devices for the left and right channels) to obtain surround sound effects. It can produce sound images not only in the front, but also in the lateral direction or rear, and presents a sense of The wide-angle stereo stage is a system that can give the feeling of listening to music in a large theater, for example. Therefore, the front surround sound system is an analog stereo sound reproduction system that utilizes hearing, which is different from the traditional multi-channel stereo sound reproduction system that presents a three-dimensional actual sound field in the auditory space.

首先，双声道立体声信号由作为单一信号的M信号分量和给出音像定位的方向的S信号分量构成。即，左声道的L信号(左声音信号)是M、S两分量之和，就是说L＝M+S，右声道的R信号(右声音信号)是M、S两分量之差，就是说R＝M-S。因此，S信号分量无非是L信号和R信号之差的信号，是其大小和极性随音像定位的方向的不同而不同的信号。First, a two-channel stereo signal is composed of an M signal component that is a single signal and an S signal component that gives the direction of sound image localization. That is, the L signal (left sound signal) of the left channel is the sum of the M and S two components, that is to say L=M+S, and the R signal (right sound signal) of the right channel is the difference between the M and S two components, That is, R=M-S. Therefore, the S signal component is nothing more than the signal of the difference between the L signal and the R signal, and is a signal whose magnitude and polarity vary depending on the direction of the audio-image localization.

即，在图31中的扬声装置11L、11R的中心线M上的e点处，音像定位于中央前方时，S信号分量为零，仅M信号分量或音像定位于中央前方偏左时，S信号分量的极性才与M信号分量呈相同的正极性，另外音像定位于中央前方偏右时，S信号分量的极性呈与M信号分量不同的极性。因此，当S＝±S₀时，在音像定位于中央前方偏左的情况下，L＝M+(+S₀)＝M+S₀，R＝M-(+S₀)＝M-S₀，即L＞R，在音像定位于中央前方偏右的情况下，L＝M+(-S₀)＝M-S₀，R＝M-(-S₀)＝M+S₀，即L＜R。That is, at point e on the center line M of the speaker devices 11L and 11R in FIG. 31 , when the sound image is positioned in front of the center, the S signal component is zero, and only the M signal component or the sound image is positioned to the left of the center front. The polarity of the S signal component is the same positive polarity as that of the M signal component. In addition, when the audio image is positioned to the right of the front center, the polarity of the S signal component is different from that of the M signal component. Therefore, when S=±S ₀ , under the condition that the audio image is located on the front left of the center, L=M+(+S ₀ )=M+S ₀ , R=M-(+S ₀ )=MS ₀ , that is L>R, in the case where the audio-image is positioned right in front of the center, L=M+(-S ₀ )=MS ₀ , R=M-(-S ₀ )=M+S ₀ , that is, L<R.

其次，在正面环绕立体声再生系统中，除了双声道立体声本来的L、R信号外，使以S信号分量为主体的环绕立体声信号与L、R信号中的S信号分量的极性一致，并重叠在L、R信号上再生，或者采用使用专用的扬声器进行再生的方法。环绕立体声信号基本上以S信号分量为主体，但为了获得更实时的环绕立体声效果，可以对S信号分量进行时间延迟、混响附加或增强特定的频率分量等信号处理。就是说，正面环绕立体声再生系统基本上不外乎是对本来的L、R信号中包含的S信号分量进行适当的信号处理、进一步增强再生的系统。通过采用这样的再生方法，在图31中的扬声装置11L、11R的中心线M上的收听位置、例如在e点处，能获得所企图的立体声效果。Secondly, in the frontal surround sound reproduction system, in addition to the original L and R signals of the two-channel stereo, the surround sound signal with the S signal component as the main body is consistent with the polarity of the S signal component in the L and R signals, and Superimpose on the L, R signal to reproduce, or use a dedicated speaker for reproduction. The surround sound signal basically takes the S signal component as the main body, but in order to obtain a more real-time surround sound effect, the S signal component can be time-delayed, reverberated, or enhanced with specific frequency components and other signal processing. That is to say, the front surround sound reproduction system is basically nothing more than a system that performs appropriate signal processing on the S signal components contained in the original L and R signals to further enhance reproduction. By adopting such a reproduction method, the intended stereo effect can be obtained at the listening position on the center line M of the speaker devices 11L, 11R in FIG. 31, for example, at point e.

这里，扬声装置11L、11R的中心线M上的收听位置、例如e点的再生音的物理音响条件是：从扬声装置11L、11R发射的M、S及环绕立体声的各信号音分量的大小都相等，而且在同一时刻到达。该条件是在感觉上再现由M、S两信号音分量在扬声装置11L、11R之间产生的连续的立体声舞台、而且由环绕立体声信号音分量产生所企图的环绕立体声效果所需要的条件，是极其重要的。可是，在图31中的扬声装置11L、11R的中心线M上的收听位置、例如在f点处，在扬声装置11L、11R的再生音中产生电平差和时间差，并不满足上述条件。Here, the physical acoustic condition of the reproduced sound at the listening position on the center line M of the speaker devices 11L, 11R, for example, point e is: the signal sound components of M, S and surround sound emitted from the speaker devices 11L, 11R Both are equal in size and arrive at the same moment. This condition is perceptually reproduced by the continuous stereo stage produced by the M, S two signal tone components between the loudspeaker devices 11L, 11R, and the desired surround sound effect is produced by the surround sound signal tone components, is extremely important. However, at the listening position on the center line M of the speaker devices 11L and 11R in FIG. 31 , for example, at point f, a level difference and a time difference are generated in the reproduced sounds of the speaker devices 11L and 11R, which do not satisfy the above-mentioned requirements. condition.

另外，使用专用的扬声器13L、13R(参照图32及图33)再生环绕立体声信号时，从扬声装置11L、11R的中心线M上的收听位置、例如从e点看，扬声器13L、13R的主轴SA_L、SA_R朝向正面方向或朝向外侧方向。作为这样的环绕立体声信号再生用扬声器13L、13R，一般情况下可以使用口径为8cm左右的小型扬声器。在口径为8cm左右的小型扬声器的情况下，如图34所示，大约从频率1kHz开始，与口径的大小有关的方向性开始表现出来，频率越高方向性越强。In addition, when using dedicated speakers 13L, 13R (refer to FIGS. 32 and 33 ) to reproduce surround sound signals, from the listening position on the centerline M of the speaker devices 11L, 11R, for example, from point e, the positions of the speakers 13L, 13R The main axes SA _L , SA _R face in the front direction or in the outer direction. As such speakers 13L and 13R for reproducing surround sound signals, generally small speakers with an aperture of about 8 cm can be used. In the case of a small speaker with an aperture of about 8 cm, as shown in Fig. 34, the directivity related to the size of the aperture begins to appear from a frequency of about 1 kHz, and the higher the frequency, the stronger the directivity.

因此，图31中的扬声装置11L、11R的中心线M以外的收听位置、例如f点的环绕立体声信号音，由于扬声装置11L、11R的方向和距离不同而导致方向性和声波随距离衰减不同，所以右声道一侧大，左声道一侧小。特别是在环绕立体声信号再生用扬声器13L、13R的主轴朝向外侧方向的情况下(参照图33)，由左右声道的环绕立体声信号音的方向性产生的电平差越发显著。因此，如上所述，图31中的扬声装置11L、11R的中心线M以外的收听位置、例如f点的环绕立体声效果显著下降。Therefore, the listening position other than the center line M of the speaker devices 11L and 11R in FIG. The attenuation is different, so the right channel side is large, and the left channel side is small. Especially when the main axes of the surround sound signal reproduction speakers 13L and 13R are directed outward (see FIG. 33 ), the level difference due to the directivity of the surround sound signal sounds of the left and right channels becomes more conspicuous. Therefore, as described above, the surround sound effect of the listening position other than the center line M of the speaker devices 11L and 11R in FIG. 31 , such as point f, is significantly reduced.

鉴于上述的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种通过全方向性和双向性的组合，使获得的所希望的方向性直至超低频都稳定的扬声装置。另外，本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种能用较小的系统获得良好的立体声感的能扩大收听范围的立体声扬声装置。另外，本发明的再一个目的在于提供一种能获得良好的环绕立体声效果的能扩大收听范围的正面环绕立体声扬声装置。In view of the above-mentioned problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a speaker device in which desired directivity can be obtained stably down to ultra-low frequencies by combining omnidirectionality and bidirectionality. In addition, another object of the present invention is to provide a stereo speaker device capable of expanding the listening range and obtaining a good stereo feeling with a small system. In addition, another object of the present invention is to provide a front surround sound speaker device that can obtain a good surround sound effect and can expand the listening range.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的立体声扬声装置由左声道用扬声装置和右声道用扬声装置构成，上述左声道用扬声装置具有使左声道声音信号再生的第一扬声器，上述右声道用扬声装置具有使右声道声音信号再生的第二扬声器，在上述扬声装置中，由上述左声道用扬声装置的上述第一扬声器构成的第一扬声部分、以及由上述右声道用扬声装置的上述第二扬声器构成的第二扬声部分都有方向性，该方向性是分别通过在扬声器的前方主轴上进行具有最大灵敏度的双向性和全方向性的组合获得的，上述左声道用扬声装置的第一扬声器及上述右声道用扬声装置的第二扬声器分别安装在音箱中，且使各自的主轴相对于音箱的正面方向分别沿逆时针方向及顺时针方向倾斜第一角度。对于上述左声道用扬声装置的第一扬声部分、以及由上述右声道用扬声装置的上述第二扬声部分，分别将扬声器安装在音箱的一个端面上，同时在与上述音箱的上述一个端面不同的端面上设有利用声阻材料覆盖的声波发射口，由上述音箱内的空气呈现的声容、上述声波发射口的声阻、以及声质量构成音响的低频滤波器，利用通过上述低频滤波器从上述声波发射口发射的声波在通带内的群延迟时间，使从上述扬声器的前面和声波发射口这两个声源发射的声波的合成声压具有方向性，该方向性是通过在上述扬声器的前方主轴上进行具有最大灵敏度的全方向性和双向性的组合获得的。The stereo speaker device of the present invention is composed of a speaker device for the left channel and a speaker device for the right channel. The speaker device for the left channel has a first speaker for reproducing the sound signal of the left channel. The speaker device has a second speaker for reproducing the sound signal of the right channel, and in the above speaker device, the first speaker part constituted by the first speaker of the speaker device for the left channel, and the The second speaker part constituted by the above-mentioned second speaker of the speaker device for the sound channel has directivity obtained by combining bidirectional and omnidirectional with maximum sensitivity respectively on the front main axis of the speaker , the first loudspeaker of the speaker device for the left channel and the second speaker of the speaker device for the right channel are respectively installed in the sound box, and the respective main shafts are respectively counterclockwise and clockwise with respect to the front direction of the sound box. The clockwise direction is inclined by a first angle. For the first speaker part of the speaker device for the above-mentioned left channel and the above-mentioned second speaker part of the speaker device for the right channel, the speaker is installed on an end face of the sound box respectively, and simultaneously with the sound box The different end faces of the above-mentioned one end face are provided with a sound wave emission port covered by an acoustic resistance material, and the sound capacity presented by the air in the above-mentioned sound box, the sound resistance of the sound wave emission port, and the sound quality constitute the low-frequency filter of the sound. The group delay time of the sound waves emitted from the above-mentioned sound wave emission port by the above-mentioned low-frequency filter in the passband makes the composite sound pressure of the sound waves emitted from the front of the above-mentioned loudspeaker and the sound wave emission port from these two sound sources have directionality, and the direction Performance is obtained by combining omnidirectional and bidirectional performance with maximum sensitivity on the front axis of the loudspeaker described above.

另外，本发明的立体声扬声装置由左声道用扬声装置和右声道用扬声装置构成，上述左声道用扬声装置具有使左声道声音信号再生的第一及第二扬声器，上述右声道用扬声装置具有使右声道声音信号再生的第三及第四扬声器，在上述扬声装置中，由上述左声道用扬声装置的上述第二扬声器构成的第一扬声部分、以及由上述右声道用扬声装置的上述第四扬声器构成的第二扬声部分都有方向性，该方向性是分别通过在扬声器的前方主轴上进行具有最大灵敏度的双向性和全方向性的组合获得的，上述左声道用扬声装置的上述第一扬声器及上述右声道用扬声装置的上述第三扬声器分别安装在音箱中，且使各自的主轴与音箱的正面方向一致，上述左声道用扬声装置的上述第二扬声器及上述右声道用扬声装置的上述第四扬声器分别安装在音箱中，且使各自的主轴相对于音箱的正面方向分别沿逆时针方向及顺时针方向倾斜第一角度。In addition, the stereo speaker device of the present invention is composed of a speaker device for the left channel and a speaker device for the right channel, and the speaker device for the left channel has first and second speakers for reproducing the sound signal of the left channel. The speaker device for the right channel has third and fourth speakers for reproducing the sound signal of the right channel, and in the speaker device, the first speaker constituted by the second speaker of the speaker device for the left channel The loudspeaker part and the second loudspeaker part constituted by the above-mentioned fourth loudspeaker of the above-mentioned right-channel loudspeaker device all have directivity, and this directivity is to carry out bidirectionality with maximum sensitivity respectively on the front main axis of loudspeaker. The above-mentioned first speaker of the above-mentioned left channel speaker device and the above-mentioned third speaker of the above-mentioned right channel speaker device are respectively installed in the sound box, and the respective main shafts are connected to the sound box. The front direction is consistent, and the above-mentioned second speaker of the speaker device for the left channel and the fourth speaker of the speaker device for the right channel are respectively installed in the sound box, and the respective main axes are respectively along the front direction of the sound box. Tilt the first angle counterclockwise and clockwise.

从两个扬声装置的中心线上的收听位置看，构成使左声道用及右声道用的扬声装置的声音信号再生的第一及第二扬声部分的扬声器的主轴朝向内侧。因此，利用通过第一及第二扬声部分具有的双向性和全方向性的组合获得的方向性，能在离开两个扬声装置的中心线上的收听位置修正由左右两声道随距离衰减的不同引起的声压电平差，能扩大获得良好的立体声感的收听范围。The main axes of the speakers constituting the first and second speaker sections for reproducing sound signals from the left-channel and right-channel speaker devices face inward when viewed from the listening position on the centerline of the two speaker devices. Therefore, utilizing the directivity obtained by the combination of the bidirectionality and the omnidirectionality possessed by the first and second speaker parts, it is possible to correct the distance from the left and right channels at a listening position away from the center line of the two speaker devices. The difference in sound pressure level caused by the difference in attenuation can expand the listening range for obtaining a good stereo feeling.

本发明的立体声扬声装置由左声道用扬声装置和右声道用扬声装置构成，上述左声道用扬声装置具有使左声道声音信号再生的第一扬声器和使环绕立体声信号再生的第二扬声器，上述右声道用扬声装置具有使右声道声音信号再生的第三扬声器和使环绕立体声信号再生的第四扬声器，在上述扬声装置中，上述左声道用扬声装置的上述第一扬声器及上述右声道用扬声装置的上述第三扬声器被安装在音箱中，且使各自的主轴相对于音箱的正面方向分别沿逆时针方向及顺时针方向倾斜第一角度，上述左声道用扬声装置的上述第二扬声器及上述右声道用扬声装置的上述第四扬声器被安装在音箱中，且使各自的主轴相对于音箱的正面方向分别沿逆时针方向及顺时针方向倾斜与上述第一角度相同或不同的第二角度，由上述左声道用扬声装置的上述第一扬声器构成的第一扬声部分、以及由上述右声道用扬声装置的上述第三扬声器构成的第二扬声部分都有方向性，该方向性是分别通过在扬声器的前方主轴上进行具有最大灵敏度的双向性和全方向性的组合获得的。The stereo speaker device of the present invention is composed of a speaker device for the left channel and a speaker device for the right channel. The speaker device for the left channel has a first speaker for reproducing the sound signal of the left channel and a speaker device for reproducing the surround sound signal. The speaker device for the right channel has a third speaker for reproducing the right channel sound signal and a fourth speaker for reproducing the surround sound signal. In the above speaker device, the speaker for the left channel The above-mentioned first speaker of the sound device and the above-mentioned third speaker of the above-mentioned right channel speaker device are installed in the sound box, and the respective main shafts are respectively inclined counterclockwise and clockwise by the first degree with respect to the front direction of the sound box. Angle, the above-mentioned second speaker of the above-mentioned speaker device for the left channel and the above-mentioned fourth speaker of the speaker device for the right channel are installed in the sound box, and the respective main axes are respectively counterclockwise with respect to the front direction of the sound box. The direction and the clockwise direction are inclined at a second angle that is the same as or different from the above-mentioned first angle. The above-mentioned third loudspeaker of the device constitutes the second loudspeaker part having directivity obtained by combining bidirectional and omnidirectional with maximum sensitivity respectively on the front main axis of the loudspeaker.

另外，本发明的立体声扬声装置由左声道用扬声装置和右声道用扬声装置构成，上述左声道用扬声装置具有使左声道声音信号再生的第一及第二扬声器和使环绕立体声信号再生的第三扬声器，上述右声道用扬声装置具有使右声道声音信号再生的第四及第五扬声器和使环绕立体声信号再生的第六扬声器，在上述扬声装置中，上述左声道用扬声装置的上述第一扬声器及上述右声道用扬声装置的上述第四扬声器被安装在音箱中，且使各自的主轴与音箱的正面方向一致，上述左声道用扬声装置的上述第二扬声器及上述右声道用扬声装置的上述第五扬声器被安装在音箱中，且使各自的主轴相对于音箱的正面方向分别沿逆时针方向及顺时针方向倾斜第一角度，上述左声道用扬声装置的上述第三扬声器及上述右声道用扬声装置的上述第六扬声器被安装在音箱中，且使各自的主轴相对于音箱的正面方向分别沿逆时针方向及顺时针方向倾斜与上述第一角度相同或不同的第二角度，由上述左声道用扬声装置的上述第二扬声器构成的第一扬声部分、以及由上述右声道用扬声装置的上述第五扬声器构成的第二扬声部分都有方向性，该方向性是分别通过在扬声器的前方主轴上进行具有最大灵敏度的双向性和全方向性的组合获得的。In addition, the stereo speaker device of the present invention is composed of a speaker device for the left channel and a speaker device for the right channel, and the speaker device for the left channel has first and second speakers for reproducing the sound signal of the left channel. and a third speaker for reproducing the surround sound signal, the speaker device for the right channel has a fourth speaker and a fifth speaker for reproducing the right channel sound signal and a sixth speaker for reproducing the surround sound signal, and the above speaker device Among them, the above-mentioned first speaker of the above-mentioned speaker device for the left channel and the above-mentioned fourth speaker of the speaker device for the right channel are installed in the sound box, and the respective main axes are aligned with the front direction of the sound box, and the left speaker The above-mentioned second speaker of the channel speaker device and the above-mentioned fifth speaker of the above-mentioned right channel speaker device are installed in the sound box, and the respective main shafts are respectively in the counterclockwise direction and the clockwise direction with respect to the front direction of the sound box. Tilting the first angle, the above-mentioned third speaker of the above-mentioned speaker device for the left channel and the above-mentioned sixth speaker of the speaker device for the right channel are installed in the sound box, and the respective main axes are respectively relative to the front direction of the sound box. The second angle which is the same as or different from the above-mentioned first angle is inclined in the counterclockwise direction and the clockwise direction, and the first speaker part composed of the above-mentioned second speaker of the above-mentioned left-channel speaker device, and the above-mentioned right channel The second speaker section constituted by the above-mentioned fifth speaker of the speaker device has directivity obtained by combining bidirectionality and omnidirectionality with maximum sensitivity, respectively, on the front axis of the speaker.

从两个扬声装置的中心线上的收听位置看，构成使左声道用及右声道用的扬声装置的声音信号再生的第一及第二扬声部分的扬声器的主轴朝向内侧。因此，利用通过第一及第二扬声部分具有的双向性和全方向性的组合获得的方向性，能在离开两个扬声装置的中心线上的收听位置修正由左右两声道随距离衰减的不同引起的声压电平差，能扩大获得良好的立体声感的收听范围。另外，从两个扬声装置的中心线上的收听位置看，构成使左声道用及右声道用的扬声装置的环绕立体声信号再生的第三及第六扬声器的主轴朝向内侧。因此，利用使环绕立体声信号再生的扬声器中·高频的方向性，能修正由左右两声道的环绕立体声信号音随距离衰减的不同引起的电平差，同时除了能扩大上述声音信号(LR信号)再生音的收听范围外，还能进一步扩大获得良好的环绕立体声效果的收听范围。The main axes of the speakers constituting the first and second speaker sections for reproducing sound signals from the left-channel and right-channel speaker devices face inward when viewed from the listening position on the centerline of the two speaker devices. Therefore, utilizing the directivity obtained by the combination of the bidirectionality and the omnidirectionality possessed by the first and second speaker parts, it is possible to correct the distance from the left and right channels at a listening position away from the center line of the two speaker devices. The difference in sound pressure level caused by the difference in attenuation can expand the listening range for obtaining a good stereo feeling. Also, when viewed from the listening position on the center line of the two speaker devices, the main axes of the third and sixth speakers constituting the speaker devices for left and right channels that reproduce surround sound signals face inward. Therefore, using the directivity of the mid-high frequency of the loudspeaker that reproduces the surround sound signal, the level difference caused by the difference in attenuation of the surround sound signal sound of the left and right channels with the distance can be corrected, and at the same time, the above-mentioned sound signal (LR In addition to the listening range of the reproduced sound (signal), the listening range for obtaining a good surround sound effect can be further expanded.

附图的简单说明A brief description of the drawings

图1是表示本发明的扬声装置的透视图。Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a speaker device of the present invention.

图2是表示扬声装置的机械系统的等效电路的电路连接图。FIG. 2 is a circuit connection diagram showing an equivalent circuit of a mechanical system of the speaker device.

图3是合成声压的理论分析用的图。FIG. 3 is a graph for theoretical analysis of synthetic sound pressure.

图4是表示使α变化时的方向性图形的图。Fig. 4 is a diagram showing a directivity pattern when α is changed.

图5是表示由β值决定的方向频率特性的变化的图。FIG. 5 is a graph showing changes in directional frequency characteristics determined by the β value.

图6是表示使β变化时的方向性图形的图。Fig. 6 is a diagram showing a directivity pattern when β is changed.

图7是表示扬声装置的输出声压频率特性的图。Fig. 7 is a graph showing output sound pressure frequency characteristics of the speaker device.

图8是表示本发明的立体声扬声装置的透视图。Fig. 8 is a perspective view showing a stereo speaker device of the present invention.

图9是表示使图8所示的扬声装置的声音信号再生的扬声器的主轴方向的图。FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the direction of the main axis of the speaker for reproducing the audio signal of the speaker device shown in FIG. 8 .

图10是表示图8所示的扬声装置的听觉试验中使用的扬声装置的透视图。Fig. 10 is a perspective view showing the speaker device used in the hearing test of the speaker device shown in Fig. 8 .

图11是说明图8所示的扬声装置的听觉试验的结果等用的图。Fig. 11 is a diagram for explaining the results of an auditory test of the speaker device shown in Fig. 8 and the like.

图12是表示本发明的立体声扬声装置的透视图。Fig. 12 is a perspective view showing the stereo speaker device of the present invention.

图13是表示使图12所示的扬声装置的声音信号再生的扬声器的主轴方向的图。FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the direction of the main axis of the speaker for reproducing the audio signal of the speaker device shown in FIG. 12 .

图14是表示图12所示的扬声装置的听觉试验中使用的扬声装置的透视图。Fig. 14 is a perspective view showing the speaker device used in the hearing test of the speaker device shown in Fig. 12 .

图15是说明图12所示的扬声装置的听觉试验的结果等用的图。FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining the results of an auditory test of the speaker device shown in FIG. 12 .

图16是表示本发明的立体声扬声装置的透视图。Fig. 16 is a perspective view showing a stereo speaker device of the present invention.

图17是表示使图16所示的扬声装置的声音信号、环绕立体声信号再生的扬声器的主轴方向的图。FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the axial direction of a speaker for reproducing audio signals and surround sound signals from the speaker device shown in FIG. 16 .

图18是表示图16所示的扬声装置的听觉试验(环绕立体声效果)中使用的扬声装置的透视图。Fig. 18 is a perspective view showing the speaker device used in the listening test (surround sound effect) of the speaker device shown in Fig. 16 .

图19是说明图16所示的扬声装置的听觉试验(环绕立体声效果)的结果等用的图。Fig. 19 is a diagram for explaining the results of an auditory test (surround sound effect) of the speaker device shown in Fig. 16 .

图20是表示本发明的立体声扬声装置的透视图。Fig. 20 is a perspective view showing the stereo speaker device of the present invention.

图21是表示使图20所示的扬声装置的声音信号、环绕立体声信号再生的扬声器的主轴方向的图。FIG. 21 is a diagram showing the axial direction of a speaker for reproducing audio signals and surround sound signals from the speaker device shown in FIG. 20 .

图22是表示本发明的正面环绕立体声扬声装置的透视图。Fig. 22 is a perspective view showing the front surround sound speaker device of the present invention.

图23是表示使图22所示的扬声装置的环绕立体声信号再生的扬声器的主轴方向的图。FIG. 23 is a diagram showing the axial direction of a speaker for reproducing surround sound signals from the speaker device shown in FIG. 22 .

图24是表示图22所示的扬声装置的听觉试验中使用的扬声装置的透视图。Fig. 24 is a perspective view showing the speaker device used in the hearing test of the speaker device shown in Fig. 22 .

图25是说明图22所示的扬声装置的听觉试验的结果等的图。FIG. 25 is a diagram illustrating the results and the like of an auditory test of the speaker device shown in FIG. 22 .

图26是表示本发明的正面环绕立体声扬声装置的透视图。Fig. 26 is a perspective view showing the front surround sound speaker device of the present invention.

图27是表示使图26所示的扬声装置的环绕立体声信号再生的扬声器的主轴方向的图。FIG. 27 is a diagram showing the axial direction of a speaker for reproducing surround sound signals from the speaker device shown in FIG. 26 .

图28是说明环绕立体声扬声装置用的图。Fig. 28 is a diagram for explaining a surround sound speaker device.

图29是表示扩大能获得良好的立体声感的收听范围用的一个例图。Fig. 29 is a diagram showing an example of expanding the listening range in which a good stereo feeling can be obtained.

图30是表示扩大能获得良好的立体声感的收听范围用的另一例图。Fig. 30 is a diagram showing another example of expanding the listening range in which a good stereo feeling can be obtained.

图31是表示现有的正面环绕立体声扬声装置的图。Fig. 31 is a diagram showing a conventional front surround sound speaker device.

图32是表示环绕立体声信号再生用扬声器的主轴朝向正面方向的例图。Fig. 32 is a diagram showing an example in which the main axis of the speaker for reproducing the surround sound signal faces the front direction.

图33是表示环绕立体声信号再生用扬声器的主轴朝向外侧方向的例图。Fig. 33 is a diagram showing an example in which a main axis of a speaker for reproducing a surround sound signal faces outward.

图34是表示扬声器的输出声压方向频率特性例图。Fig. 34 is a graph showing an example of the output sound pressure direction frequency characteristic of the speaker.

实施发明用的最佳形态Optimum Form for Carrying Out the Invention

图1表示作为最佳形态的扬声装置20。扬声器22安装在长方体状的音箱21的一个端面上，同时在与该一个端面不同的端面(图中的上面)设有用声阻材料24覆盖的圆形声波发射口(开口部分)23。该声波发射口23用来将从扬声器振动片的背面产生的空气振动作为声波发射到外部，贯通其中心的轴沿着扬声器22的主轴(基准轴)的方向延伸。FIG. 1 shows a speaker device 20 as the best form. The loudspeaker 22 is mounted on one end surface of the cuboid sound box 21, and a circular sound wave emission port (opening portion) 23 covered with an acoustic resistance material 24 is provided on the end surface different from the one end surface (upper side in the figure). The sound wave emission port 23 is used to emit air vibration generated from the back surface of the speaker diaphragm to the outside as a sound wave, and the axis passing through the center extends in the direction of the main axis (reference axis) of the speaker 22 .

将扬声装置20的电气系统及音响系统等效地变换成机械系统的等效电路在中·低频带，如图2所示。图中，F是使振动片振动的起振力，用恒定电压激振，如式(1)所示。The equivalent circuit for equivalently converting the electrical system and the sound system of the speaker device 20 into a mechanical system is in the middle and low frequency bands, as shown in FIG. 2 . In the figure, F is the vibrating force that makes the vibrating plate vibrate, and it is excited with a constant voltage, as shown in formula (1).

$F f = = \frac{BlE BY}{Rv Rv} \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot ((11))$

E：音圈的激励电压E: Excitation voltage of the voice coil

Rv：音圈的电阻Rv: the resistance of the voice coil

Bl：力系数Bl: force coefficient

B：磁通间隙的磁通密度B: Magnetic flux density in the flux gap

l：音圈的有效长度l: effective length of the voice coil

s₀是振动片的支撑弹性体的等效强度，r₀是包含电磁制动电阻的等效机械阻力，m₀是振动片的有效质量。s₁是将音箱内空气的弹性换算成振动片的面积后的等效强度，设音箱内的空气的体积为V，振动片的有效面积为A，可用(2)式表示。s ₀ is the equivalent strength of the supporting elastic body of the vibrating piece, r ₀ is the equivalent mechanical resistance including the electromagnetic braking resistor, and m ₀ is the effective mass of the vibrating piece. s ₁ is the equivalent strength after converting the elasticity of the air in the speaker into the area of the vibrating plate. Let the volume of the air in the speaker be V, and the effective area of the vibrating plate be A, which can be expressed by formula (2).

${s the s}_{11} = = \frac{ρ ρ {c c}^{22} {A A}^{22}}{V V} \cdot &Center Dot; \cdot \cdot \cdot &Center Dot; ((22))$

ρ：空气的密度ρ: Density of air

c：音速c: speed of sound

r₁是将声波发射口23的声阻材料24的声阻换算成振动片的面积后的等效机械阻力，m₁是将与声波发射口23的结构和声波发射有关的声质量换算成振动片的面积后的等效质量。V₁是振动片的振动速度，V₂是将声波发射口23的空气振动速度换算成振动片的面积后的等效振动速度。r ₁ is the equivalent mechanical resistance after converting the acoustic resistance of the acoustic resistance material 24 of the sound wave emission port 23 into the area of the vibrating plate, m ₁ is the sound quality related to the structure of the sound wave emission port 23 and sound wave emission converted into vibration The equivalent mass after the area of the slice. V ₁ is the vibration velocity of the vibrating piece, and V ₂ is the equivalent vibration velocity after converting the air vibration velocity of the sound wave emission port 23 into the area of the vibrating piece.

另外，在上述的扬声装置20中，在扬声器22的振动片一侧和声波发射口23一侧分别存在发射阻力，供给该发射阻力的功率作为音响功率发射到空气中。可是，发射阻力与r₀、r₁相比，是极小的值，对V₁、V₂没有影响，所以在图2所示的等效电路中将其省略。In addition, in the speaker device 20 described above, there are radiation resistances on the diaphragm side of the speaker 22 and the sound wave emission port 23 side, respectively, and the power supplied to the radiation resistances is emitted into the air as acoustic power. However, since the emission resistance is an extremely small value compared with r ₀ and r ₁ and has no influence on V ₁ and V ₂ , it is omitted in the equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 2 .

其次，用图3对从扬声器22的前面(扬声器振动片的前面)和声波发射口23的两个声源发射的声波的合成声压进行理论分析。这里，设扬声器22的前面和声波发射口23在两个声源的扬声器22的主轴方向上的空间距离为d。另外，着眼于从扬声器22的前面和声波发射口23的两个声源发射的声波在水平面内的一个方向分量，设主轴在扬声器前面的方向为0°，并设主轴和所着眼的方向(收音位置的方向)构成的角度沿逆时针方向呈θ角。Next, the combined sound pressure of the sound waves emitted from the two sound sources of the front of the speaker 22 (the front of the speaker diaphragm) and the sound wave emission port 23 is theoretically analyzed using FIG. 3 . Here, let d be the spatial distance between the front of the speaker 22 and the sound wave emission port 23 in the direction of the main axis of the speaker 22 of the two sound sources. In addition, focusing on a direction component of the sound waves emitted from the two sound sources of the front of the speaker 22 and the sound wave emission port 23 in the horizontal plane, the direction in which the main axis is in front of the speaker is 0°, and the main axis and the focused direction ( The direction of the receiving position) forms an angle of θ along the counterclockwise direction.

图中，在d为8～10cm、收音位置和扬声器22之间的距离r为1m以上的情况下，扬声器22的前面和声波发射口23这两个声源在中·低频的情况下能看作点声源。另外，将收音位置的声波大致看作平面波也没关系。In the figure, when d is 8 to 10 cm, and the distance r between the sound collection position and the speaker 22 is 1 m or more, the two sound sources, the front of the speaker 22 and the sound wave emission port 23, can be seen at medium and low frequencies. Make a sound source. In addition, it doesn't matter if the sound wave at the listening position is roughly regarded as a plane wave.

经过这样处理后，由于振动片的振动速度为V₁，所以从扬声器22的前面发射的声波在收音位置的声压P₁可用(2)式表示。After such processing, since the vibration velocity of the vibrating plate is V ₁ , the sound pressure P ₁ of the sound wave emitted from the front of the speaker 22 at the sound collection position can be expressed by formula (2).

${P P}_{11} = = \frac{jωρA jωρA {V V}_{11}}{44 πr πr} {e e}^{- - j j \frac{ωr ωr}{c c}} \cdot \cdot \cdot &Center Dot; \cdot \cdot ((33))$

其次，从声波发射口23发射的声波在收音位置的声压P₂不同于P₁，它在距离为d cosθ处产生适当的时间延迟，而且，由于振动片背面的空气振动而呈负极性，可用(4)式表示。式中，d《r。Secondly, the sound pressure _P2 of the sound wave emitted from the sound wave emission port 23 is different from _P1 at the sound collection position, and it produces an appropriate time delay at a distance of d cosθ, and, due to the air vibration on the back of the vibrating piece, it is negative polarity, Available (4) formula. In the formula, d<r.

${P P}_{22} = = - - \frac{jωρA jωρA {V V}_{22}}{44 πr πr} {e e}^{- - j j \frac{ωr ωr}{c c}} \cdot \cdot {e e}^{- - j j \frac{ωd ωd}{c c} cos cos θ θ} \cdot &Center Dot; \cdot &Center Dot; \cdot &Center Dot; ((44))$

因此，由于合成声压P(θ)为P₁+P₂，所以可用(5)式表示。Therefore, since the composite sound pressure P(θ) is P ₁ +P ₂ , it can be expressed by (5) formula.

$P P ((θ θ)) = = \frac{jωρA jωρA}{44 πr πr} {e e}^{- - j j \frac{ωr ωr}{c c}} (({V V}_{11} - - {V V}_{22} {e e}^{- - j j \frac{ωd ωd}{c c} cos cos θ θ})) \cdot &Center Dot; \cdot &Center Dot; \cdot \cdot ((55))$

从图2中的等效电路可知，式中的振动速度V₂可用(6)式表示。It can be seen from the equivalent circuit in Fig. 2 that the vibration velocity V ₂ in the formula can be expressed by the formula (6).

${V V}_{22} = = \frac{{V V}_{11}}{11 + + jω jω \frac{{r r}_{11}}{{s the s}_{11}} + + {((jω jω))}^{22} \frac{{m m}_{11}}{{s the s}_{11}}} \cdot &Center Dot; \cdot &Center Dot; \cdot &Center Dot; ((66))$

(6)式表示二次低通滤波器特性，在通带内产生由s₁、r₁、m₁决定的一定值的群延迟时间。该时间延迟、以及在空间获得的d cosθ/c中的θ变化的时间延迟形成了将双向性和全方向性组合后的方向性。因此，将(6)式代入(5)式，整理后，且在ω/c＝k时，得如下(7)式。Equation (6) expresses the characteristics of the second-order low-pass filter, and generates a group delay time of a certain value determined by s ₁ , r ₁ , and m ₁ within the passband. This time delay, and the time delay of the change in θ in the spatially obtained d cos θ/c form the combined bidirectional and omnidirectional directionality. Therefore, formula (6) is substituted into formula (5), after arrangement, and when ω/c=k, the following formula (7) is obtained.

$P P ((θ θ)) = = \frac{jωρA jωρA {V V}_{11} {e e}^{- - jkr jkr} \cdot \cdot jkd jkd}{44 πr πr ((11 + + jω jω \frac{{r r}_{11}}{{s the s}_{11}} + + {((jω jω))}^{22} \frac{{m m}_{11}}{{s the s}_{11}}))}$

$\times \times {{\frac{11 - - {e e}^{- - jkd jkd cos cos θ θ}}{jkd jkd} + + \frac{{r r}_{11} c c}{{s the s}_{11} d d} + + jkd jkd \cdot &Center Dot; \frac{{m m}_{11}}{{s the s}_{11}} {((\frac{c c}{d d}))}^{22}}} \cdot &Center Dot; \cdot &Center Dot; \cdot &Center Dot; ((77))$

在(7)式中，如果将{}内的第一项展开成级数，则得如下(8)式。In formula (7), if the first item in {} is expanded into a series, the following formula (8) is obtained.

$\frac{11 - - {e e}^{- - jkd jkd cos cos θ θ}}{jkd jkd} = = cos cos θ θ - - \frac{jkdco jkdco {s the s}^{22} θ θ}{22!!}$

$+ + \frac{{((jkd jkd))}^{22} {cos cos}^{33} θ θ}{33!!} - - \frac{{((jkd jkd))}^{33} {cos cos}^{44} θ θ}{44!!} + + \cdot &Center Dot; \cdot &Center Dot; \cdot &Center Dot; \cdot &Center Dot; ((88))$

由(8)式可知，在kd＜＜1的频率中，如果将jkd的1次以上的高次项省略，则(8)式变成cosθ。因此，(7)式中的{}内的第一项表示双向性分量。与此不同，(7)式中的{}内的第二项和第三项与θ无关，所以表示全方向性分量。It can be seen from the formula (8) that at the frequency of kd<<1, if the high-order term of jkd above the first order is omitted, the formula (8) becomes cosθ. Therefore, the first term in {} in the formula (7) represents a bidirectional component. On the other hand, the second and third terms in {} in (7) have nothing to do with θ, so they represent omnidirectional components.

因此，如(9)式所示，用正面方向(θ＝0°)的声压P(θ＝0°)将P(θ)基准化，则在kd＜＜1的频率中，如(10)式所示。Therefore, as shown in formula (9), use the sound pressure P(θ=0°) in the front direction (θ=0°) to standardize P(θ), then in the frequency of kd<<1, such as (10 ) shown in the formula.

$\frac{{r r}_{11} c c}{{s the s}_{11} d d} = = α α \cdot &Center Dot; \cdot &Center Dot; \cdot \cdot ((99))$

$= = \frac{cos cos θ θ}{11 + + α α} + + \frac{α α}{11 + + α α} \cdot \cdot \cdot &Center Dot; \cdot \cdot ((1010))$

由(10)式可知，合成声压P(θ)具有将双向性分量和全方向性分量组合后的方向性。能利用表示全方向性分量的α值改变两分量的分配情况。由(9)式可知，该α表示r₁/s₁和d/c的比。在图2中，r₁/s₁表示由s₁、r₁、m₁构成的带通滤波器的通带内的群延迟时间。d/c是声波传播扬声器22的前面和声波发射口23这两个声源在主轴方向上的空间距离d所需要的时间。As can be seen from Equation (10), the composite sound pressure P(θ) has directivity obtained by combining a bidirectional component and an omnidirectional component. The distribution of the two components can be changed by using the alpha value representing the omnidirectional component. As can be seen from the formula (9), this α represents the ratio of r ₁ /s ₁ and d/c. In FIG. 2, r ₁ /s ₁ represents the group delay time in the passband of the bandpass filter composed of _s1 , _r1 , and _m1 . d/c is the time required for the sound wave to propagate the spatial distance d between the front of the speaker 22 and the sound wave emission port 23 in the direction of the main axis.

图4表示α值为0.5、1.0、2.0时，由(10)式求得的方向性图形。Fig. 4 shows the directivity pattern obtained from the formula (10) when the α value is 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0.

在(10)式中，α≤1时，在某角度下P(θ)变为零。可是，α＞1时，在任何角度下P(θ)都不为零。α≤1时，假定P(θ)变为零的角度θ为θ₁，则如图4所示，α＝1时，θ₁为180°，α＝0.5时，θ₁为120°和240°两个方向。这样，θ＝θ₁时之所以P(θ)变为零，是因为在用(8)式表示的双向性分量中存在的jkd的一次以上的高次项被省略之故。可是，由于实际上存在该高次项，所以随着频率变高，双向性分量的方向性图形不呈正圆的8字形。其结果，合成方向性图形也与(10)式所示的基本的方向性图形不同。即，方向性被劣化。In the formula (10), when α≦1, P(θ) becomes zero at a certain angle. However, when α>1, P(θ) is not zero at any angle. When α≤1, assume that the angle θ at which P(θ) becomes zero is θ ₁ , as shown in Figure 4, when α=1, θ ₁ is 180°, when α=0.5, θ ₁ is 120° and 240 ° both directions. Thus, the reason why P(θ) becomes zero when θ= _θ1 is that the first-order or higher-order terms of jkd present in the bidirectional component represented by the equation (8) are omitted. However, since this high-order term actually exists, the directivity pattern of the bidirectional component does not take the figure-eight shape of a perfect circle as the frequency increases. As a result, the synthetic directivity pattern is also different from the basic directivity pattern shown in the formula (10). That is, directivity is degraded.

为了将该方向性劣化程度减少到更高的频率，可在某角度下，用全方向性分量将用(8)式表示的双向性分量中存在的jkd的一次以上的高次项消除到更高的次数。拿(7)式和(8)式来说，利用(7)式中{}内的第三项，能在某角度下消去(8)式中的jkd的一次项。In order to reduce the degree of directional degradation to higher frequencies, at a certain angle, the omnidirectional component can be used to eliminate the higher order term of jkd existing in the bidirectional component expressed by (8) to a higher high frequency. Take formula (7) and formula (8) as an example, using the third item in {} in formula (7), the first-order term of jkd in formula (8) can be eliminated under a certain angle.

因此，关于(7)式中{}内的第三项，如(11)式所示，如果将抵消的角度θ代之以θ₂，则抵消条件可用(12)式表示。在(12)式中，在θ₂＝0°～360°的范围内，cos²θ₂≤1。因此，满足(12)式的β的值为β≤0.5。Therefore, regarding the third item in {} in (7), as shown in (11), if the offset angle θ is replaced by θ ₂ , the offset condition can be expressed in (12). In the formula (12), cos ² θ ₂ ≦1 in the range of θ ₂ =0° to 360°. Therefore, the value of β satisfying the expression (12) is β≦0.5.

$\frac{{m m}_{11}}{{s the s}_{11}} {((\frac{c c}{d d}))}^{22} = = β β \cdot &Center Dot; \cdot &Center Dot; \cdot &Center Dot; ((1111))$

$\frac{{cos cos}^{22} θ θ 22}{22} = = β β \cdot &Center Dot; \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot ((1212))$

图5表示在α＝1(单一方向性)的情况下，使β值在0～1的范围内分5个阶段变化，并根据(7)式求得θ在90°和180°的角度中由P(θ)/P(0°)的频率引起的变化的结果。这里，β＝0的条件意味着m₁＝0。可是，实际上m₁不能为零，所以β＝0的条件不可能实现。Figure 5 shows that in the case of α=1 (unidirectionality), the value of β is changed in 5 stages within the range of 0 to 1, and θ is obtained according to the formula (7) in the angles of 90° and 180° The result of the change caused by the frequency of P(θ)/P(0°). Here, the condition of β=0 means that m ₁ =0. However, actually m ₁ cannot be zero, so the condition of β=0 cannot be realized.

从图5可知，在kd≤0.4的低频情况下，扬声器22的背面方向(θ＝180°)的合成声压电平比正面方向(θ＝0°)低20dB以上，横向(θ＝90°)的合成声压电平比正面方向低6dB，呈单一方向性图形。可是，随着频率变高，方向性劣化，在kd≈π的频率时，几乎不具有方向性。该方向性的劣化程度随β值的不同而不同。As can be seen from Fig. 5, under the low-frequency situation of kd≤0.4, the synthetic sound pressure level of the rear direction (θ=180°) of the loudspeaker 22 is more than 20dB lower than the front direction (θ=0°), and the lateral direction (θ=90°) ) The composite sound pressure level is 6dB lower than that of the frontal direction, showing a single directional pattern. However, as the frequency becomes higher, the directivity deteriorates, and at a frequency of kd≈π, directivity hardly exists. The degree of deterioration of this directivity differs depending on the value of β.

图6表示kd＝1.5(d＝7cm时，f＝1.2KHz)的频率时的方向性图形随β值的变化而变化的情况。由图可知，虽然β值不能为零，但需要设定成尽可能小的值，直至更高的频率都能获得良好的方向性。将β值设定在0.5以下时，kd＝1.5的频率被看作实际上的方向性的高频极限。Fig. 6 shows how the directivity pattern at the frequency of kd = 1.5 (d = 7cm, f = 1.2KHz) changes with the change of the β value. It can be seen from the figure that although the value of β cannot be zero, it needs to be set to a value as small as possible to obtain good directivity up to higher frequencies. When the value of β is set to 0.5 or less, the frequency of kd=1.5 is regarded as the practical high-frequency limit of directivity.

以上的理论研究是关于扬声器22的前面和声波发射口23能看作理想的点声源的中·低频的情况。可是，实际上由于扬声器22的振动片及声波发射口23具有有限的面积，所以在中·高频时，各发射声波本身具有方向性。因此，如上所述，赋予利用群延迟时间的方向性，适用于扬声器本身发射的声波不具有方向性的中·低频，这样做是妥当的。The above theoretical research is about the case where the front of the speaker 22 and the sound wave emission port 23 can be regarded as ideal point sound sources at middle and low frequencies. However, since the vibrating piece of the speaker 22 and the sound wave emission port 23 have limited areas, each emitted sound wave itself has directionality at mid- and high-frequency. Therefore, as described above, it is appropriate to impart directivity using group delay time for middle and low frequencies in which sound waves emitted from the speaker itself do not have directivity.

这样形成的扬声器本身的方向性随安装扬声器的音箱的尺寸、形状及扬声器的口径等的不同而不同。可是，开始带方向性的极限频率与扬声器的口径成反比关系，如果研究一下已知的理论分析及实际测量结果等，情况如下。即，设扬声器振动片的有效直径为D，开始带方向性的极限频率可看作是满足(13)式的频率。The directivity of the speaker itself thus formed differs depending on the size and shape of the enclosure on which the speaker is installed, the diameter of the speaker, and the like. However, the limit frequency with directivity is inversely proportional to the caliber of the loudspeaker. If we study the known theoretical analysis and actual measurement results, the situation is as follows. That is, assuming that the effective diameter of the speaker diaphragm is D, the limit frequency at which directivity begins can be regarded as the frequency that satisfies the expression (13).

$\frac{ω ω}{c c} D D. = = \frac{π π}{22} \cdot &Center Dot; \cdot \cdot \cdot &Center Dot; ((1313))$

如果用发射声波的波长λ表示(13)式，则根据ω/c＝2π/λ的关系，有4D＝λ，发射声波的波长λ可以看作振动片的有效直径D的4倍的频率。因此，如上所述，为了将赋予利用群延迟时间的方向性应用于开始带方向性的极限频率以下的频率范围，以下所示的的设定条件是恰当的。If express (13) formula with the wavelength λ of emitting sound wave, then according to the relation of ω/c=2π/λ, have 4D=λ, the wavelength λ of emitting sound wave can be regarded as the frequency of 4 times of the effective diameter D of vibrating plate. Therefore, as described above, in order to apply the directivity given using the group delay time to the frequency range below the limit frequency at which the directivity starts, the following setting conditions are appropriate.

在图1所示的扬声装置20中，如前面所述，实际的方向性的高频极限可以看作满足(14)式的频率。In the speaker device 20 shown in FIG. 1 , as described above, the high-frequency limit of actual directivity can be regarded as a frequency that satisfies the expression (14).

$\frac{ω ω}{c c} d d = = \frac{π π}{22} \cdot &Center Dot; \cdot \cdot \cdot &Center Dot; ((1414))$

因此，将该频率设定为使扬声器22本身的发射声波开始带方向性的频率、即满足(13)式的频率，可以认为是合理的。因此，设定条件由(13)、(14)式，得(15)Therefore, it is considered reasonable to set this frequency to the frequency at which the emitted sound waves of the speaker 22 itself start to become directional, that is, to satisfy the expression (13). Therefore, setting the conditions from (13) and (14) formulas, we get (15)

d＝D ……(15)d = D ... (15)

就是说，将扬声器22的前面和声波发射口23这两个声源在主轴方向上的空间距离d设定为等于扬声器振动片的有效直径D是妥当的。另外，该设定条件对于以α＝1的单一方向性为中心、α＝0.5～2.0的范围内的方向性也成立。That is, it is appropriate to set the spatial distance d between the front of the speaker 22 and the sound wave emission port 23 in the axial direction of the two sound sources to be equal to the effective diameter D of the speaker diaphragm. In addition, this setting condition is also satisfied for the directivity within the range of α=0.5 to 2.0 centering on the unidirectionality of α=1.

其次，说明将单一方向性作为方向性时的实施例。Next, an example in which unidirectionality is used as directivity will be described.

使用动态扬声器作为扬声器22，口径为8cm，振动片的有效直径为7cm，有效面积为38.5cm²。音箱21呈长方提形状，扬声器安装面的尺寸为：高度、宽度各为8.6cm，长度为14cm，音箱内空气的体积为600cm³。声波发射口23呈圆形，设置在音箱21的上面，该声波发射口23的有效面积为26cm²。另外，根据(15)式的条件，扬声器22的前面和声波发射口23这两个声源在主轴方向上的空间距离d设定为7cm。A dynamic speaker is used as the speaker 22 with a diameter of 8 cm, an effective diameter of the vibrating piece of 7 cm, and an effective area of 38.5 cm ² . The speaker 21 is in the shape of a rectangle. The dimensions of the speaker mounting surface are: the height and width are 8.6 cm, the length is 14 cm, and the volume of the air in the speaker is 600 cm ³ . The sound wave emission port 23 is circular and is arranged on the top of the sound box 21 . The effective area of the sound wave emission port 23 is 26cm ² . In addition, according to the condition of (15), the spatial distance d in the main axis direction of the two sound sources, the front surface of the speaker 22 and the sound wave emission port 23, is set to 7 cm.

声波发射口23的声阻材料24的声阻，如果用根据(2)、(9)式换算成扬声器振动片的面积后的等效机械阻力来表示的话，则在MKS单位制中，为r₁＝0.745(kg/sec)。因此，如果设声波发射口23的有效面积为A₁，则用声波发射口23的有效面积表示的等效机械阻力r₁‘变成(16)式所示。因此，用A₁除(16)式，得声波发射口23的声阻材料24的声阻密度(每单位面积的等效机械阻力)为130.8(kg/sec·m²)。If the acoustic resistance of the acoustic resistance material 24 of the sound wave emission port 23 is expressed by the equivalent mechanical resistance converted into the area of the vibrating plate of the speaker according to equations (2) and (9), then in the MKS unit system, it is r ₁ = 0.745 (kg/sec). Therefore, if the effective area of the acoustic wave emitting port 23 is assumed to be A ₁ , the equivalent mechanical resistance r ₁ ′ represented by the effective area of the acoustic wave emitting port 23 becomes expressed in formula (16). Therefore, by dividing formula (16) by A ₁ , the acoustic resistance density (equivalent mechanical resistance per unit area) of the acoustic resistance material 24 of the acoustic wave emission port 23 is 130.8 (kg/sec·m ² ).

${{r r}_{11}^{' '} = = {r r}_{11} ((\frac{{A A}_{11}}{A A}))}^{22} = = 0.34 0.34 [[kg kg / / sec sec]] \cdot &Center Dot; \cdot &Center Dot; \cdot \cdot ((1616))$

图7中的实线a、点划线b、虚线c表示该实施例的扬声装置20的输出声压方向频率特性，可知中·低频具有单一方向性。在振动片的有效直径为7cm的情况下，根据(13)，扬声器本身开始带方向性的极限频率约为1.2KHz。因此，通过设定d＝D＝7cm，能获得频率约为1.5KHz以下、足够实用的单一方向性。图7中的实线a、点划线b、虚线c表示不设声波发射口23时的输出声压方向频率特性，在中·低频时不具有方向性。The solid line a, dotted line b, and dashed line c in FIG. 7 indicate the output sound pressure directional frequency characteristics of the speaker device 20 of this embodiment, and it can be seen that the middle and low frequencies have unidirectionality. In the case that the effective diameter of the vibrating piece is 7cm, according to (13), the limiting frequency at which the speaker itself begins to be directional is about 1.2KHz. Therefore, by setting d=D=7cm, it is possible to obtain practically sufficient unidirectionality at a frequency of approximately 1.5 KHz or less. The solid line a, dotted line b, and dashed line c in FIG. 7 indicate the output sound pressure directional frequency characteristics when the sound wave emitting port 23 is not provided, and there is no directivity at middle and low frequencies.

另外，不管上述如何，在图1所示的扬声装置20中，也可以设置改变声波发射口23的面积用的开口面积可变装置。作为该开口面积可变装置，可以考虑类似于例如照相机的可变光圈机构。如果改变声波发射口23的面积，则声波发射口23的声阻及声质量随之变化，通过由这些声阻、声质量、以及音箱内空气呈现的声容构成的低频滤波器，改变从声波发射口23发射的声波在通带内的群延迟时间。因此，通过设置开口面积可变装置，能任意调整群延迟时间，使用者能简单地进行方向特性的调整。In addition, regardless of the above, in the speaker device 20 shown in FIG. 1, an opening area variable device for changing the area of the sound wave emitting port 23 may be provided. As this opening area variable device, a variable aperture mechanism similar to, for example, a camera can be considered. If the area of the sound wave emission port 23 is changed, the acoustic resistance and the sound quality of the sound wave emission port 23 will change accordingly. The group delay time of the sound wave emitted by the emission port 23 within the passband. Therefore, by providing the opening area variable means, the group delay time can be adjusted arbitrarily, and the user can easily adjust the directional characteristic.

另外，不限定于以上说明的数值，可以适当地选择声波发射口23的口径和声阻材料24的声阻密度。In addition, it is not limited to the numerical values described above, and the aperture diameter of the acoustic wave emission port 23 and the acoustic resistance density of the acoustic resistance material 24 can be appropriately selected.

这样，图1所示的扬声装置20用声波发射口23的声阻及声质量、以及音箱21内空气呈现的声容构成低频滤波器，利用通过该低频滤波器从声波发射口23发射的声波在通带内的群延迟时间，获得方向性。因此，与音箱21的尺寸和形状无关，能设定任意的群延迟时间，直至超低频都能稳定地获得所希望的方向性。Like this, the loudspeaker device 20 shown in Figure 1 constitutes the low-frequency filter with the sound resistance and the sound quality of the sound wave emission port 23 and the sound capacity presented by the air in the sound box 21, and utilizes the sound emitted from the sound wave emission port 23 by the low-frequency filter. The group delay time of the sound wave in the passband, gaining directivity. Therefore, regardless of the size and shape of the speaker 21, an arbitrary group delay time can be set, and desired directivity can be stably obtained up to ultra-low frequencies.

例如，通过将群延迟时间设定为声波传播扬声器22的前面和声波发射口23这两个声源在主轴方向上的空间距离d所需要的时间的1/2～2倍，能赋予超心形方向性、心形方向性(单一方向性)等将全方向性和双向性组合起来的方向性。For example, by setting the group delay time as 1/2 to 2 times the time required for the spatial distance d in the main axis direction of the two sound sources, the front of the sound wave propagation speaker 22 and the sound wave emission port 23, the hypercentricity can be given. Directivity that combines omnidirectionality and bidirectionality, such as shape directionality and heart shape directionality (unidirectionality).

另外，通过将扬声器22的前面和声波发射口23这两个声源在主轴方向上的空间距离d设定为扬声器振动片的有效直径D的0.7～1.5倍的值，限定在扬声器本身开始带方向性的频率以下的频率范围内，能有效地赋予所希望的方向性。In addition, by setting the spatial distance d between the front of the speaker 22 and the sound wave emission port 23 in the axial direction of the two sound sources at a value of 0.7 to 1.5 times the effective diameter D of the speaker diaphragm, it is limited to the speaker itself. In the frequency range below the directivity frequency, desired directivity can be effectively imparted.

其次，图8表示另一个最佳形态的立体声扬声装置30。该扬声装置30由左声道用扬声装置31L和右声道用扬声装置31R构成。Next, FIG. 8 shows another stereo speaker device 30 of the best form. The speaker device 30 is composed of a speaker device 31L for the left channel and a speaker device 31R for the right channel.

在构成扬声装置31L的音箱32L中，在前面和右侧面之间形成扬声器安装面33L，声音信号再生用扬声器34L安装在该扬声器安装面33L上。这时，如图9所示，扬声器34L的主轴MA_L相对于音箱32L的正面方向F_L沿逆时针方向呈规定的角度r，例如倾斜40°～50°安装在音箱32L上。In the speaker box 32L constituting the speaker device 31L, a speaker mounting surface 33L is formed between the front side and the right side, and the speaker 34L for sound signal reproduction is mounted on the speaker mounting surface 33L. At this time, as shown in FIG. 9 , the main axis MA _L of the speaker 34L is installed on the speaker _32L at a predetermined angle r in the counterclockwise direction with respect to the front direction FL of the speaker 32L, for example, at an inclination of 40° to 50°.

在与音箱32L的扬声器安装面33L不同的端面(图中的上面)上设有用声阻材料35L覆盖的圆形的声波发射口(开口部分)36L。该声波发射口36L用来将从扬声器34L的振动片的背面产生的空气振动作为声波发射到外部，沿扬声器34L的主轴(基准轴)的方向形成贯穿其中心的轴。A circular sound wave emission port (opening portion) 36L covered with an acoustic resistance material 35L is provided on an end face (upper face in the figure) different from the speaker mounting face 33L of the sound box 32L. The sound wave emission port 36L is used to emit air vibration generated from the back surface of the vibrating piece of the speaker 34L to the outside as a sound wave, and forms an axis passing through the center of the speaker 34L along the direction of the main axis (reference axis).

在此情况下，用音箱32L内的空气呈现的声容、以及声波发射口36L的声阻及声质量构成音响的低频滤波器。而且，利用通过该低频滤波器从声波发射口36L发射的声波在通带内的群延迟时间，能赋予如下获得的方向性，即在扬声装置31L中，从扬声器34L的前面和声波发射口36L这两个声源发射的声波的合成声压在扬声器34L的前方主轴上，通过具有最大灵敏度的全方向性和双向性的组合获得的方向性。In this case, the sound volume presented by the air in the sound box 32L, and the sound resistance and sound quality of the sound wave emission port 36L constitute the low-frequency filter of the sound. And, by using the group delay time within the passband of the sound wave emitted from the sound wave emission port 36L through the low-frequency filter, it is possible to impart directivity obtained as follows, in the speaker device 31L, from the front of the speaker 34L and the sound wave emission port The combined sound pressure of the sound waves emitted by these two sound sources 36L is on the front axis of the speaker 34L, the directivity obtained by the combination of omnidirectionality and bidirectionality with maximum sensitivity.

在构成扬声装置31R的音箱32R的前面和左面之间形成扬声器安装面33R，在该扬声器安装面33R上安装着声音信号再生用扬声器34R。这种情况如图9所示，扬声器34R倾斜地安装在音箱32R上，使其主轴MA_R相对于音箱32R的正面方向F_R沿顺时针方向构成规定角度γ，例如40°～50°。A speaker installation surface 33R is formed between the front and left surfaces of the speaker 32R constituting the speaker device 31R, and a speaker 34R for reproducing an audio signal is attached to the speaker installation surface 33R. In this case, as shown in FIG. 9, the speaker 34R is obliquely installed on the sound box 32R such that its main axis MA _R forms a predetermined angle γ clockwise with respect to the front direction _FR of the sound box 32R, such as 40°-50°.

用声阻材料35R覆盖着的圆形的声波发射口(开口部分)36R被设置在与音箱32R的扬声器安装面33R不同的端面(图中的上面)上。该声波发射口36R用来将从扬声器34R的振动片的背面产生的空气振动作为声波发射到外部，贯穿其中心的轴沿着扬声器34R的主轴(基准轴)的方向延伸。因此，与上述的扬声装置31L一样，在扬声装置31R中，从扬声器34R的前面和声波发射口36R这两个声源发射的声波的合成声压具有方向性，该方向性是通过在扬声器34R的前方主轴上具有最大灵敏度的全方向性和双向性的组合获得的。A circular sound wave emitting port (opening portion) 36R covered with an acoustic resistance material 35R is provided on an end surface (upper side in the figure) different from the speaker mounting surface 33R of the sound box 32R. The sound wave emission port 36R is used to emit air vibration generated from the back surface of the diaphragm of the speaker 34R to the outside as sound waves, and the axis passing through the center extends in the direction of the main axis (reference axis) of the speaker 34R. Therefore, like the above-mentioned speaker device 31L, in the speaker device 31R, the composite sound pressure of the sound waves emitted from the two sound sources, the front of the speaker 34R and the sound wave emission port 36R, has directionality, which is determined by The combination of omnidirectionality and bidirectionality with maximum sensitivity is obtained on the front axis of loudspeaker 34R.

这里，如上所述，关于扬声装置31L、31R所具有的通过全方向性和双向性的组合获得的方向性的原理与图1所示的扬声装置20相同，所以其说明从略。Here, as described above, the principle of the directivity obtained by the combination of omnidirectionality and bidirectionality possessed by the speaker devices 31L and 31R is the same as that of the speaker device 20 shown in FIG. 1 , so its description is omitted.

在图8所示的立体声扬声装置30中，声音信号再生用扬声器34L、34R的主轴MA_L、MA_R分别相对于音箱32L、32R的正面方向F_L、F_R沿逆时针方向、顺时针方向倾斜规定的角度γ，从扬声装置31L、31R的中心线M上的收听位置(参照图9)看，扬声器34L、34R的主轴MA_L、MA_R朝向内侧。另外，扬声装置31L、31R分别在扬声器34L、34R的前方主轴上有通过具有最大灵敏度的全方向性和双向性的组合获得的方向性。In the stereo speaker device 30 shown in FIG. 8 , the main shafts MA _L and MA _R of the sound signal reproduction speakers 34L and 34R are oriented counterclockwise and clockwise with respect to the front directions FL and _FR of the sound boxes _32L and 32R, respectively. The directions are inclined at a predetermined angle γ, and the main axes _MAL , MAR of the speakers 34L, 34R are directed inwardly when viewed from the listening position (see FIG. 9 ) on the center line M of the speaker devices 31L, _31R . In addition, the speaker devices 31L, 31R have directivity obtained by a combination of omnidirectionality and bidirectionality with maximum sensitivity on the front axes of the speakers 34L, 34R, respectively.

因此，在扬声装置31L、31R的中心线M上以外的收听位置、例如在b点(参照图28)，右声道的声压电平下降，同时左声道的声压电平有若干上升，基于左右两声道随距离衰减的不同，修正声压电平差。因此如果采用图8所示的立体声扬声装置30，能扩大获得良好的立体声感的收听范围。Therefore, at a listening position other than the center line M of the speaker devices 31L, 31R, for example, at point b (see FIG. 28), the sound pressure level of the right channel drops, while the sound pressure level of the left channel decreases slightly. Up, based on the attenuation of the left and right channels with distance, the sound pressure level difference is corrected. Therefore, if the stereo speaker device 30 shown in FIG. 8 is used, the listening range for obtaining a good sense of stereo can be enlarged.

本申请人在图8所示的立体声扬声装置30中，如上所述，为了确认是否扩大了获得良好的立体声感的收听范围，进行了听感试验。图10表示在该听感试验中，作为左声道用扬声装置及右声道用扬声装置使用的扬声装置41。该扬声装置41具有单向性。In the stereo speaker device 30 shown in FIG. 8 , the present applicant conducted a hearing test in order to confirm whether or not the listening range for obtaining a good stereo feeling is enlarged as described above. FIG. 10 shows speaker devices 41 used as the speaker device for the left channel and the speaker device for the right channel in this hearing test. The speaker device 41 is unidirectional.

音箱42呈长方体形，扬声器安装面的尺寸为纵、横各8.6cm，长14cm，音箱内空气的体积为600cm³。作为声音信号再生用扬声器43使用动态扬声器，口径为8cm，振动片的有效直径为7cm，有效面积为38.5cm²。声波发射口44呈圆形，设置在音箱42的上面，其有效面积为26cm²。另外，根据(15)式，扬声器43的前面和声波发射口44这两个声源的主轴方向的空间距离d设定为7cm。The speaker 42 is in the shape of a cuboid. The size of the speaker installation surface is 8.6 cm in length and 8.6 cm in width, and 14 cm in length. The volume of air in the speaker is 600 cm ³ . A dynamic speaker was used as the speaker 43 for reproducing the sound signal, with an aperture of 8 cm, an effective diameter of the diaphragm of 7 cm, and an effective area of 38.5 cm ² . The sound wave emission port 44 is circular and is arranged on the top of the sound box 42, and its effective area is 26cm ² . In addition, according to the formula (15), the spatial distance d between the front surface of the speaker 43 and the sound wave emission port 44 in the axial direction of the two sound sources is set to 7 cm.

声波发射口44的声阻材料45的声阻如果表示为用(2)、(9)式换算成扬声器振动片的面积的等效机械阻力，则在MKS单位制中，表示为r₁＝0.745(kg/sec)。因此，如果设声波发射口44的有效面积为A₁，则如上所述，用声波发射口44的有效面积表示的等效机械阻力r₁’由(16)式表示。另外，用A₁除(16)式，则声波发射口44的声阻材料45的声阻密度(每单位面积的等效机械阻力)为130.8(kg/sec·m²)。If the acoustic resistance of the acoustic resistance material 45 of the sound wave emission port 44 is expressed as the equivalent mechanical resistance converted into the area of the loudspeaker vibrating piece by the formulas (2) and (9), then in the MKS unit system, it is expressed as r ₁ =0.745 (kg/sec). Therefore, assuming that the effective area of the acoustic wave emission port 44 is A ₁ , the equivalent mechanical resistance r ₁ ′ represented by the effective area of the sound wave emission port 44 is expressed by Equation (16) as described above. In addition, by dividing the formula (16) by A ₁ , the acoustic resistance density (equivalent mechanical resistance per unit area) of the acoustic resistance material 45 of the acoustic wave emission port 44 is 130.8 (kg/sec·m ² ).

上述的图7中的实线a、点划线b、虚线c表示扬声装置41的输出声压方向频率特性，可知在中·低频具有单一的方向性。另外，正方向(0°方向)的再生频带(3dB以下)为300Hz～20KHz。在振动片的有效直径为7cm的情况下，根据(13)式，扬声器本身开始带有方向性的极限频率约为1.2KHz。因此，通过设定d＝D＝7cm，在频率为1.5KHz以下时，与0°方向的声压电平不同，90°方向的声压电平约下降6dB，180°方向的声压电平下降15dB～20dB，能获得在实用上足够的单一方向性。图7中的实线d、点划线e、虚线f表示设置了声波发射口44时的输出声压方向频率特性，在中·低频呈全方向性。The solid line a, dashed-dotted line b, and dashed line c in FIG. 7 above show the output sound pressure directional frequency characteristics of the speaker device 41, and it can be seen that there is a single directivity at middle and low frequencies. In addition, the reproduction frequency band (3 dB or less) in the positive direction (0° direction) is 300 Hz to 20 KHz. In the case that the effective diameter of the vibrating piece is 7cm, according to (13), the limiting frequency at which the speaker itself starts to have directivity is about 1.2KHz. Therefore, by setting d=D=7cm, when the frequency is below 1.5KHz, the sound pressure level in the 90° direction is about 6dB lower than the sound pressure level in the 0° direction, and the sound pressure level in the 180° direction With a drop of 15dB to 20dB, practically sufficient unidirectionality can be obtained. The solid line d, dotted line e, and dotted line f in FIG. 7 represent output sound pressure directional frequency characteristics when the sound wave emitting port 44 is provided, and are omnidirectional at middle and low frequencies.

使用图10所示的扬声装置41作为左声道用扬声装置及右声道用扬声装置，在图11所示的状态下，将其配置在混响时间约为0.2秒的试听室100内进行了听感试验。在听感试验中，用以下方法求得了能获得良好的立体声感的收听范围。Using the speaker device 41 shown in FIG. 10 as the speaker device for the left channel and the speaker device for the right channel, in the state shown in FIG. 11 , it is placed in a listening room with a reverberation time of about 0.2 seconds. Hearing test was carried out within 100 minutes. In the listening test, the listening range in which a good stereo feeling can be obtained was obtained by the following method.

即，在两个扬声装置41、41的中心线M上的收听位置、例如在a点定位于中央前方的信号音(例如元音等)，即使在中心线M以外的收听位置，如果定位于从该收听位置看到的两个扬声装置41、41的中间位置(c点)的方向，则在该收听位置能再现两个扬声装置41、41之间连续的立体声舞台，能获得良好的立体声感。因此，在听感试验中，在两个扬声装置41、41的中心线M上的收听位置、例如在a点着眼于定位于中央前方的信号音，求得了在中心线M以外的收听位置，该信号音定位于两个扬声装置41、41的中间位置的方向的范围。That is, at the listening position on the center line M of the two speaker devices 41, 41, for example, the signal tone (such as a vowel) positioned in front of the center at point a, even if it is at a listening position other than the center line M, if the positioning In the direction of the middle position (point c) of the two loudspeaker devices 41, 41 seen from the listening position, the continuous stereo stage between the two loudspeaker devices 41, 41 can be reproduced at the listening position, and can obtain Good stereo sense. Therefore, in the hearing test, at the listening position on the center line M of the two speaker devices 41, 41, for example, at point a, focus on the signal sound positioned in front of the center, and find the listening position outside the center line M. , the signal tone is located in the direction range of the middle position of the two speaker devices 41 , 41 .

在图11中，假定将扬声装置41的声波发射口44关闭而成密闭式的，同时使扬声器43的主轴朝向正面方向(平行于试听室100的侧壁的方向)，将此作为条件①，虚线L_-1表示在该条件①的情况下，能获得良好的立体声感的收听范围的界限，在从该虚线L_-1至中心线M一侧的范围内获得了良好的立体声感。能获得良好的立体声感的收听范围由该条件①限定在狭窄的范围内。In FIG. 11 , it is assumed that the sound wave emission port 44 of the speaker device 41 is closed to form a closed type, and the main axis of the speaker 43 faces the front direction (a direction parallel to the side wall of the listening room 100) at the same time. This is taken as the condition ① , the dotted line L _-1 indicates the limit of the listening range where a good stereo sense can be obtained under the condition ①, and a good stereo sense is obtained in the range from the dotted line L _-1 to the center line M side. The listening range in which a good stereo feeling can be obtained is limited to a narrow range by the condition ①.

另外，假定将扬声装置41的声波发射口44关闭而成密闭式的，同时使扬声器43的主轴朝向45°以内，将此作为条件②，点划线L_-2表示在该条件②的情况下，能获得良好的立体声感的收听范围的界限，在从该点划线L_-2至中心线M一侧的范围内获得了良好的立体声感。在该条件②的情况下，与条件①的情况相比，能获得良好的立体声感的收听范围被扩大了许多。In addition, assuming that the sound wave emission port 44 of the speaker device 41 is closed to form an airtight type, and at the same time, the main axis of the speaker 43 is directed within 45°, this is taken as condition ②, and the dotted line L _-2 indicates the situation in the condition ② Below, the boundary of the listening range where a good stereo sense can be obtained, a good stereo sense is obtained in the range from the dashed-dotted line L _-2 to the center line M side. In the case of the condition ②, compared with the case of the condition ①, the listening range in which a good stereo feeling can be obtained is greatly expanded.

与此不同，假定将扬声装置41的声波发射口44打开，使约1.5KHz以下的频率范围呈单向性，同时使扬声器43的主轴朝向45°以内，将此作为条件③，实线L_-3表示在该条件③的情况下，能获得良好的立体声感的收听范围的界限，在从该实线L_-3至中心线M一侧的范围内获得了良好的立体声感。在该条件③的情况下，与条件②的情况相比，能获得良好的立体声感的收听范围进一步被扩大。这表示低频的方向性对两个扬声装置21、21的中心线M以外的收听位置的音像定位的影响大。Different from this, it is assumed that the sound wave emission port 44 of the speaker device 41 is opened, so that the frequency range below about 1.5 KHz is unidirectional, and at the same time, the main axis of the speaker 43 is directed within 45°, taking this as the condition ③, the solid line L _-3 indicates the limit of the listening range where a good stereo sense can be obtained under the condition ③, and a good stereo sense is obtained in the range from the solid line L _-3 to the center line M side. In the case of the condition ③, compared with the case of the condition ②, the listening range in which a good stereo feeling can be obtained is further expanded. This indicates that the low-frequency directivity has a large influence on the sound image localization at listening positions other than the center line M of the two speaker devices 21 , 21 .

能获得由这样的单向性产生的良好的立体声感的收听范围的扩大效果可以如下考虑。例如，在图11中，在远离两个扬声装置41、41的中心线M的收听位置、例如在d点，左声道用的扬声装置41的d点的方向偏离扬声器43的主轴约10°(θ≈10°)，但偏离这种程度时，可以看作几乎是扬声装置41的最大灵敏度的方向。The effect of expanding the listening range to obtain a good stereo feeling due to such unidirectionality can be considered as follows. For example, in FIG. 11 , at a listening position away from the center line M of the two speaker devices 41, 41, for example, at point d, the direction of point d of the speaker device 41 for the left channel deviates from the main axis of the speaker 43 by about 10° (θ≈10°), but when it deviates from this degree, it can be regarded as the direction of the maximum sensitivity of the speaker device 41 .

与此不同，右声道用的扬声装置41的d点的方向偏离扬声器43的主轴约85°(θ≈85°)。因此，从图4中的单向性(心形方向性)的方向性图形看，右声道用的扬声装置41的灵敏度比最大灵敏度(＝1)低5.2dB，变为0.55。可以认为即使在d点，由该方向性引起的声压电平的下降也具有良好的音像定位的作用。On the other hand, the direction of point d of the speaker device 41 for the right channel deviates from the main axis of the speaker 43 by about 85° (θ≈85°). Therefore, from the directivity graph of unidirectionality (cardioid directivity) in FIG. 4 , the sensitivity of the speaker device 41 for the right channel is 5.2 dB lower than the maximum sensitivity (=1), and becomes 0.55. It can be considered that even at the point d, the drop in the sound pressure level due to this directivity contributes to good sound image localization.

如果这样认为，在超心形方向性的情况下，θ＝85°时的灵敏度比最大灵敏度低8.4dB，变为0.38(参照图4)，可以认为超心形方向性在扩大收听范围方面比单向性(心形方向性)更有效。In this way, in the case of supercardioid directivity, the sensitivity at θ = 85° is 8.4dB lower than the maximum sensitivity, and becomes 0.38 (refer to Fig. 4). Unidirectionality (cardioid directionality) is more effective.

单向性(心形方向性)中的双向性和全方向性的分量比为1∶1，超心形方向性的上述分量比为1∶0.5，双向性分量是全方向性分量的2倍。可是，如果双向性分量的分量比率变为更高的方向性，则由于再生频带的低频极限变窄，所以从实用方面来看，具有从单向性(心形方向性)至超心形方向性的范围的方向性图形的方向性是适宜的。The ratio of bidirectional and omnidirectional components in unidirectional (cardioid directivity) is 1:1, the ratio of the above-mentioned components of supercardioid directivity is 1:0.5, and the bidirectional component is twice that of the omnidirectional component . However, if the component ratio of the bidirectional component becomes higher directivity, the low-frequency limit of the reproduction frequency band becomes narrower, so from a practical point of view, there is a range from unidirectional (cardioid directivity) to supercardioid direction The directionality of the directional pattern is suitable for the range of directional characteristics.

另外，关于使扬声器43的主轴朝向两个扬声装置41、41的内侧方向的角度，如果过于朝向内侧，例如在图11中的d点收听的情况下，由于与扬声器振动片的直径有关的方向性的原因，右声道用扬声装置41的声压电平在高音区显著地下降，所以音质变得高音不足。因此，从收听范围的扩大效果和音质两方面来看，上述朝向内侧方向的角度在40°～50°是适宜的。In addition, regarding the angle at which the main axis of the speaker 43 is oriented toward the inner side of the two speaker devices 41, 41, if it is too oriented inward, for example, in the case of listening at point d in FIG. Due to the directivity, the sound pressure level of the speaker device 41 for the right channel significantly drops in the high-pitched range, so the sound quality becomes insufficient high-pitched. Therefore, in view of both the effect of expanding the listening range and the sound quality, the above-mentioned angle toward the inside is preferably 40° to 50°.

其次，图12表示另一个作为优选例的立体声扬声装置50。该扬声装置50由左声道用扬声装置51L和右声道用扬声装置51R构成。Next, FIG. 12 shows another stereo speaker device 50 as a preferred example. The speaker device 50 is composed of a speaker device 51L for the left channel and a speaker device 51R for the right channel.

扬声装置51L是一种双路方式的扬声装置，构成声音信号再生用扬声器的低音喇叭53L及高音喇叭54L安装在大致呈长方体状的音箱52L的前面。低音喇叭53L及高音喇叭54L这样安装在音箱52L的前面一侧，即，使其主轴朝向音箱52L的正面方向。另外，在音箱52L上，将由其前面和右侧面构成的角的上侧部分切掉，形成扬声器安装面55L，声音信号再生用扬声器56L被安装在该安装面55L上。这时，如图13所示，扬声器56L这样安装在音箱52L上，即其主轴MA_L相对于音箱52L的正面方向F_L沿逆时针方向倾斜规定的角度γ、例如40°～50°。The speaker device 51L is a two-way speaker device, and a woofer 53L and a tweeter 54L constituting a speaker for sound signal reproduction are installed in front of a substantially rectangular parallelepiped speaker 52L. The woofer 53L and the tweeter 54L are installed on the front side of the speaker 52L such that their main axes face the front direction of the speaker 52L. In addition, the speaker mounting surface 55L is formed by cutting off the upper part of the corner formed by the front and right sides of the speaker 52L, and the audio signal reproduction speaker 56L is mounted on the mounting surface 55L. At this time, as shown in FIG. 13 , the speaker 56L is mounted on the speaker 52L such that its main axis M _L is inclined counterclockwise by a predetermined angle γ, for example, 40° to 50°, with respect to the front direction _FL of the speaker 52L.

另外，在与音箱52L的扬声器安装面55L不同的端面(图中的上面)上设有用声阻材料57L覆盖的圆形的声波发射口(开口部分)58L。该声波发射口58L用来将从扬声器56L的振动片的背面产生的空气振动作为声波发射到外部，沿扬声器56L的主轴方向形成贯穿其中心的轴。上面虽然没有说明，但在音箱52L的内部，安装扬声器56L的箱体部分与另一箱体部分互相被隔开。In addition, a circular sound wave emission port (opening portion) 58L covered with an acoustic resistance material 57L is provided on an end face (upper face in the figure) different from the speaker mounting face 55L of the sound box 52L. The sound wave emission port 58L is used to emit air vibration generated from the back surface of the vibrating piece of the speaker 56L to the outside as sound waves, and is formed along the axis of the main axis of the speaker 56L through its center. Although not described above, inside the speaker box 52L, a box portion where the speaker 56L is mounted and another box portion are separated from each other.

在此情况下，用音箱52L的安装着扬声器56L的箱体部分内的空气呈现的声容、以及声波发射口58L的声阻及声质量构成音响的低频滤波器。而且，利用通过该低频滤波器从声波发射口58L发射的声波在通带内的群延迟时间，能赋予如下获得的方向性，即在由扬声装置51L的扬声器56L构成的扬声器部分中，从扬声器56L的前面和声波发射口58L这两个声源发射的声波的合成声压在扬声器56L的前方主轴上，通过具有最大灵敏度的全方向性和双向性的组合获得的方向性。In this case, the acoustic low-frequency filter is constituted by the sound volume presented by the air in the box portion of the speaker 52L where the speaker 56L is installed, and the acoustic resistance and sound quality of the sound wave emission port 58L. And, by using the group delay time within the passband of the sound wave emitted from the sound wave emission port 58L through the low-frequency filter, it is possible to impart directivity obtained by, in the speaker portion constituted by the speaker 56L of the speaker device 51L, from The combined sound pressure of the sound waves emitted from the two sound sources, the front of the speaker 56L and the sound wave emitting port 58L, is on the front axis of the speaker 56L, directivity obtained by a combination of omnidirectionality and bidirectionality with maximum sensitivity.

扬声装置51R是一种双路方式的扬声装置，构成声音信号再生用扬声器的低音喇叭53R及高音喇叭54R安装在大致呈长方体状的音箱52R的前面。低音喇叭53R及高音喇叭54R这样安装在音箱52R的前面一侧，即，使其主轴朝向音箱52R的正面方向。另外，在音箱52R上，将由其前面和左侧面构成的角的上侧部分切掉，形成扬声器安装面55R，声音信号再生用扬声器56R被安装在该安装面55R上。这时，如图13所示，扬声器56R这样安装在音箱52R上，即其主轴MA_R相对于音箱52R的正面方向F_R沿顺时针方向倾斜规定的角度γ、例如40°～50°。The speaker device 51R is a two-way speaker device, and a woofer 53R and a tweeter 54R constituting a speaker for sound signal reproduction are installed in front of a substantially rectangular parallelepiped speaker 52R. The woofer 53R and the tweeter 54R are installed on the front side of the speaker 52R such that their main axes face the front direction of the speaker 52R. In addition, the speaker mounting surface 55R is formed by cutting off the upper part of the corner formed by the front and left side of the speaker 52R, and the audio signal reproduction speaker 56R is mounted on the mounting surface 55R. At this time, as shown in FIG. 13, the speaker 56R is mounted on the speaker 52R such that its main axis MA _R is inclined clockwise by a predetermined angle γ, for example, 40° to 50°, with respect to the front direction _FR of the speaker 52R.

另外，用声阻材料57R覆盖着的圆形的声波发射口(开口部分)58R被设置在与音箱52R的扬声器安装面55R不同的端面(图中的上面)上。该声波发射口58R用来将从扬声器56R的振动片的背面产生的空气振动作为声波发射到外部，贯穿其中心的轴沿着扬声器56R的主轴方向延伸。上面虽然没有说明，但在音箱52R的内部，安装扬声器56R的箱体部分与另一箱体部分互相被隔开。In addition, a circular sound wave emission port (opening portion) 58R covered with an acoustic resistance material 57R is provided on an end surface (upper side in the figure) different from the speaker mounting surface 55R of the sound box 52R. The sound wave emission port 58R is used to emit air vibration generated from the back surface of the vibrating piece of the speaker 56R to the outside as sound waves, and the axis passing through the center extends along the main axis direction of the speaker 56R. Although not described above, inside the sound box 52R, the box portion where the speaker 56R is mounted and the other box portion are separated from each other.

在此情况下，用音箱52R的安装着扬声器56R的箱体部分内的空气呈现的声容、以及声波发射口58R的声阻及声质量构成音响的低频滤波器。而且，利用通过该低频滤波器从声波发射口58R发射的声波在通带内的群延迟时间，能赋予如下获得的方向性，即在由扬声装置51R的扬声器56R构成的扬声器部分中，从扬声器56R的前面和声波发射口58R这两个声源发射的声波的合成声压在扬声器56R的前方主轴上，通过具有最大灵敏度的全方向性和双向性的组合获得的方向性。In this case, the acoustic low-frequency filter is constituted by the sound capacity presented by the air in the box portion of the sound box 52R where the speaker 56R is installed, and the sound resistance and sound quality of the sound wave emission port 58R. And, by using the group delay time of the sound wave emitted from the sound wave emission port 58R through the low-frequency filter within the passband, directivity obtained as follows can be imparted, that is, in the speaker portion constituted by the speaker 56R of the speaker device 51R, from The combined sound pressure of sound waves emitted from two sound sources, the front of the speaker 56R and the sound wave emitting port 58R, is on the front axis of the speaker 56R, directivity obtained by a combination of omnidirectionality and bidirectionality with maximum sensitivity.

在图12所示的立体声扬声装置50中，声音信号再生用扬声器56L、56R的主轴MA_L、MA_R分别相对于音箱52L、52R的正面方向F_L、F_R沿逆时针方向、顺时针方向倾斜规定的角度γ，从扬声装置51L、51R的中心线M上的收听位置(参照图13)看，扬声器56L、56R的主轴MA_L、MA_R朝向内侧。另外，由扬声装置51L、51R的扬声器56L、56R构成的扬声器部分分别在扬声器56L、56R的前方主轴上有通过具有最大灵敏度的双向性和全方向性的组合获得的方向性。In the stereo speaker device 50 shown in FIG. 12, the main shafts MA _L and MA _R of the sound signal reproduction speakers 56L and 56R are oriented counterclockwise and clockwise with respect to the front directions FL and _FR of the sound boxes _52L and 52R, respectively. The directions are inclined at a predetermined angle γ, and the main axes _MAL , MAR of the speakers 56L, 56R face inward when viewed from the listening position (see FIG. 13 ) on the center line M of the speaker devices 51L, _51R . In addition, the speaker section constituted by the speakers 56L, 56R of the speaker devices 51L, 51R has directivity obtained by a combination of bidirectionality and omnidirectionality with maximum sensitivity on the front axes of the speakers 56L, 56R, respectively.

因此，在扬声装置51L、51R的中心线M上以外的收听位置、例如在b点(参照图28)，右声道的声压电平下降，同时左声道的声压电平有若干上升，基于左右两声道随距离衰减的不同，修正声压电平差。因此，如果采用图12所示的立体声扬声装置50，则与图8所示的立体声扬声装置30一样，能扩大获得良好的立体声感的收听范围。Therefore, at a listening position other than the center line M of the speaker devices 51L, 51R, for example, at point b (see FIG. 28), the sound pressure level of the right channel drops, while the sound pressure level of the left channel decreases slightly. Up, based on the attenuation of the left and right channels with distance, the sound pressure level difference is corrected. Therefore, if the stereo speaker device 50 shown in FIG. 12 is used, similarly to the stereo speaker device 30 shown in FIG. 8 , the listening range for obtaining a good sense of stereo can be enlarged.

本申请人在图12所示的立体声扬声装置50中，如上所述，为了确认是否扩大了获得良好的立体声感的收听范围，进行了听感试验。图14表示在该听感试验中，作为左声道用扬声装置及右声道用扬声装置使用的扬声装置60。该扬声装置60是在扬声装置61的上部配置了图10所示的扬声装置41。扬声装置61是一种双路方式的扬声装置，它在宽＝20cm、长＝22cm、高＝30cm的音箱62中，安装了声音信号再生用的口径为14cm的低音喇叭63及口径为8cm的高音喇叭64。In the stereo speaker device 50 shown in FIG. 12 , the present applicant conducted a hearing test in order to confirm whether or not the listening range for obtaining a good stereo feeling is enlarged as described above. FIG. 14 shows speaker devices 60 used as the speaker device for the left channel and the speaker device for the right channel in this hearing test. In this speaker device 60 , the speaker device 41 shown in FIG. 10 is arranged on the upper part of the speaker device 61 . Loudspeaker device 61 is a kind of loudspeaker device of two-way mode, and it is in the sound box 62 of wide=20cm, long=22cm, high=30cm, and the caliber that sound signal reproduction is used is that 14cm woofer 63 and caliber are installed 8cm tweeter 64.

使用图14所示的扬声装置60作为左声道用扬声装置及右声道用扬声装置，在图15所示的状态下，将其配置在混响时间约为0.2秒的试听室100内进行了听感试验。这时，采用了与图11的情况相同的方法，求得了能获得良好的立体声感的收听范围。另外，双路方式的扬声装置61的低音喇叭63及高音喇叭64的主轴朝向正面方向(平行于试听室100的侧壁)配置。另外，在使扬声装置41的扬声器43的主轴朝向正面方向的状态下，在该扬声装置41的两个扬声装置60、60的中心线M上的收听位置、例如在a点的声压电平设定得与双路方式的扬声装置61的声压电平相比，低3dB。Using the speaker device 60 shown in FIG. 14 as the speaker device for the left channel and the speaker device for the right channel, in the state shown in FIG. 15 , it is placed in a listening room with a reverberation time of about 0.2 seconds. Hearing test was carried out within 100 minutes. In this case, the same method as in the case of FIG. 11 was used to find the listening range in which a good stereo feeling can be obtained. In addition, the main axes of the woofer 63 and the tweeter 64 of the two-way speaker device 61 are arranged facing the front direction (parallel to the side wall of the listening room 100 ). In addition, in the state where the main axis of the speaker 43 of the speaker device 41 faces the front direction, at the listening position on the center line M of the two speaker devices 60, 60 of the speaker device 41, for example, the sound at point a The voltage level is set to be 3 dB lower than the sound pressure level of the speaker device 61 of the two-way system.

在图15中，假定将扬声装置41的声波发射口44关闭而成密闭式的，同时使扬声器43的主轴朝向正面方向，将此作为条件④，虚线L_-4表示在该条件④的情况下，能获得良好的立体声感的收听范围的界限，在从该虚线L_-4至中心线M一侧的范围内获得了良好的立体声感。与图11中的条件①的情况一样，能获得良好的立体声感的收听范围由该条件④限定在狭窄的范围内。In Fig. 15, it is assumed that the sound wave emission port 44 of the speaker device 41 is closed to form an airtight type, and the main axis of the speaker 43 is made to face the front direction at the same time, this is taken as condition ④, and the dotted line L _-4 represents the situation in this condition ④ Below, the limit of the listening range where a good stereo sense can be obtained, a good stereo sense is obtained in the range from the dotted line L _-4 to the center line M side. As in the case of condition ① in FIG. 11 , the listening range in which a good stereo sense can be obtained is limited to a narrow range by this condition ④.

另外，假定将扬声装置41的声波发射口44关闭而成密闭式的，同时使扬声器43的主轴朝向45°以内，将此作为条件⑤，点划线L_-5表示在该条件⑤的情况下，能获得良好的立体声感的收听范围的界限，在从该点划线L_-5至中心线M一侧的范围内获得了良好的立体声感。在该条件⑤的情况下，与条件④的情况相比，能获得良好的立体声感的收听范围被扩大了许多，但与图11中的条件②的情况相比，变得狭窄了一些。In addition, assuming that the sound wave emission port 44 of the speaker device 41 is closed to form a sealed type, and the main axis of the speaker 43 is directed within 45°, this is taken as the condition ⑤, and the dotted line L _-5 indicates the situation in the condition ⑤ Below, the boundary of the listening range where a good stereo sense can be obtained, a good stereo sense is obtained in the range from the dashed-dotted line L _-5 to the center line M side. In the case of the condition ⑤, compared with the case of the condition ④, the listening range in which a good stereo feeling can be obtained is greatly expanded, but it is somewhat narrowed compared with the case of the condition ② in FIG. 11 .

与此不同，假定将扬声装置41的声波发射口44打开，使约1.5KHz以下的频率范围呈单向性，同时使扬声器43的主轴朝向45°以内，将此作为条件⑥，实线L_-6表示在该条件⑥的情况下，能获得良好的立体声感的收听范围的界限，在从该实线L_-6至中心线M一侧的范围内获得了良好的立体声感。Different from this, it is assumed that the sound wave emission port 44 of the speaker device 41 is opened, so that the frequency range below about 1.5 KHz is unidirectional, and at the same time, the main axis of the speaker 43 is directed within 45°, using this as the condition ⑥, the solid line L _-6 indicates the limit of the listening range where a good stereo sense can be obtained under the condition ⑥, and a good stereo sense is obtained in the range from the solid line L _-6 to the center line M side.

在该条件⑥的情况下，与条件⑤的情况相比，能获得良好的立体声感的收听范围被进一步扩大，但与图11中的条件③的情况相比，变窄了一些，但在上述的声压电平条件下，通过将来自小型单向性的扬声装置41的发射声波附加在朝向正面方向的双路方式的扬声装置61产生的发射声波上，可以说具有能获得良好的立体声感的收听范围显著扩大的效果。In the case of this condition ⑥, compared with the case of the condition ⑤, the listening range in which a good stereo sense can be obtained is further expanded, but compared with the case of the condition ③ in Fig. 11, it is somewhat narrowed, but in the above Under the condition of the sound pressure level, by adding the emission sound wave from the small unidirectional speaker device 41 to the emission sound wave generated by the two-way speaker device 61 facing the front direction, it can be said that a good sound can be obtained. The effect of significantly expanding the listening range of the stereo sense.

这时，关于附加的扬声装置41的方向性，如上所述具有从心形方向性至超心形方向性的范围的方向性图形的方向性是适宜的。另外，关于方向性扬声器的主轴的设定角度，使其在40°～50°的范围内朝向内侧是适宜的。In this case, as for the directivity of the additional speaker device 41, it is suitable to have a directivity pattern having a directivity pattern ranging from cardioid directivity to supercardioid directivity as described above. In addition, it is preferable to set the angle of the main axis of the directional speaker so that it faces inward within a range of 40° to 50°.

这样，图8、图12所示的立体声扬声装置30、50由于从两个扬声装置的中心线上的收听位置看，左声道用及右声道用扬声装置的声音信号再生用扬声器的主轴朝向内侧，同时该两个扬声装置的由声音信号再生用扬声器构成的扬声器部分具有通过双向性和全方向性的组合获得的方向性，所以在两个扬声装置的中心线上以外的收听位置，基于左右两声道随距离衰减的不同，修正声压电平差，能扩大能获得良好的立体声感的收听范围。另外，两个扬声装置的由声音信号再生用扬声器构成的扬声器部分是具有通过双向性和全方向性的组合获得的方向性的部分，例如利用从声波发射口发射的声波的群延迟时间，能获得方向性，与以往那样利用扬声器本身具有的方向性、或利用双向性扬声器的部分相比较，有利于使系统结构小型化。Like this, the stereophonic loudspeaker device 30,50 shown in Fig. 8, Fig. 12 is owing to see from the listening position on the center line of two loudspeaker devices, left channel is used and right channel is used for the sound signal reproduction of loudspeaker device. The main axis of the speaker faces inward, and the speaker portion of the two speaker devices composed of speakers for sound signal reproduction has directivity obtained by a combination of bidirectionality and omnidirectionality, so that on the center line of the two speaker devices At other listening positions, based on the difference in the attenuation of the left and right channels with distance, the difference in sound pressure level is corrected to expand the listening range for obtaining a good stereo feeling. In addition, the loudspeaker part that is made of the sound signal reproduction loudspeaker of two sound-speaking devices is the part that has the directivity that obtains by the combination of bidirectionality and omnidirectionality, for example utilizes the group delay time of the sound wave that emits from the sound wave emission port, Directivity can be obtained, and it is advantageous to reduce the size of the system structure compared with the conventional directivity of the speaker itself or the use of the part of the two-way speaker.

其次，图16表示另一个作为优选例的立体声扬声装置70。该扬声装置70由左声道用扬声装置71L和右声道用扬声装置71R构成。Next, FIG. 16 shows another stereo speaker device 70 as a preferred example. The speaker device 70 is composed of a speaker device 71L for the left channel and a speaker device 71R for the right channel.

扬声装置71L是一种双路方式的扬声装置，构成声音信号再生用扬声器的低音喇叭73L及高音喇叭74L安装在大致呈长方体状的音箱72L的前面。低音喇叭73L及高音喇叭74L这样安装在音箱72L的前面一侧，即，使其主轴朝向音箱72L的正面方向。另外，在音箱72L上，将由其前面和右侧面构成的角的上侧部分切掉，形成扬声器安装面75L，声音信号再生用扬声器76L及环绕立体声信号再生用扬声器77L被安装在该安装面75L上。这时，如图17所示，扬声器76L、77L这样安装在音箱72L上，即其主轴MA_L、SA_L相对于音箱72L的正面方向F_L沿逆时针方向倾斜规定的角度γ、例如40°～50°。The speaker device 71L is a two-way speaker device, and a woofer 73L and a tweeter 74L constituting a speaker for reproducing audio signals are installed in front of a substantially rectangular parallelepiped speaker 72L. The woofer 73L and the tweeter 74L are installed on the front side of the speaker 72L such that their main axes face the front direction of the speaker 72L. In addition, in the speaker box 72L, the upper part of the corner formed by the front surface and the right side is cut off to form a speaker installation surface 75L, and the audio signal reproduction speaker 76L and the surround sound signal reproduction speaker 77L are mounted on the installation surface. 75L on. At this time, as shown in FIG. 17, the speakers 76L, 77L are mounted on the speaker 72L such that their main axes _MAL , SA _L are inclined counterclockwise by a predetermined angle γ, for example, 40°, with respect to the front direction _FL of the speaker 72L. ~50°.

另外，在与音箱72L的扬声器安装面75L不同的端面(图中的上面)上设有用声阻材料78L覆盖的圆形的声波发射口(开口部分)79L。该声波发射口79L用来将从扬声器76L的振动片的背面产生的空气振动作为声波发射到外部，沿扬声器76L的主轴方向形成贯穿其中心的轴。上面虽然没有说明，但在音箱72L的内部，安装扬声器76L的箱体部分与另一箱体部分互相被隔开。In addition, a circular sound wave emission port (opening portion) 79L covered with an acoustic resistance material 78L is provided on an end face (upper face in the figure) different from the speaker mounting face 75L of the sound box 72L. The sound wave emission port 79L is used to emit air vibration generated from the back surface of the vibrating piece of the speaker 76L to the outside as sound waves, and forms an axis penetrating the center of the speaker 76L in the direction of the main axis of the speaker 76L. Although not described above, inside the sound box 72L, a box portion where the speaker 76L is mounted and another box portion are separated from each other.

在此情况下，用音箱72L的安装着扬声器76L的箱体部分内的空气呈现的声容、以及声波发射口79L的声阻及声质量构成音响的低频滤波器。而且，利用通过该低频滤波器从声波发射口79L发射的声波在通带内的群延迟时间，能赋予如下获得的方向性，即在由扬声装置71L的扬声器76L构成的扬声器部分中，从扬声器76L的前面和声波发射口79L这两个声源发射的声波的合成声压在扬声器76L的前方主轴上，通过具有最大灵敏度的全方向性和双向性的组合获得的方向性。In this case, the sound capacity of the air present in the box portion of the sound box 72L where the speaker 76L is installed, and the sound resistance and sound quality of the sound wave emission port 79L constitute a low-frequency filter of the sound. And, by using the group delay time within the passband of the sound wave emitted from the sound wave emission port 79L through the low-frequency filter, it is possible to impart directivity obtained by, in the speaker portion constituted by the speaker 76L of the speaker device 71L, from The combined sound pressure of sound waves emitted from two sound sources, the front of the speaker 76L and the sound wave emission port 79L, is on the front axis of the speaker 76L, directivity obtained by a combination of omnidirectionality and bidirectionality with maximum sensitivity.

扬声装置71R是一种双路方式的扬声装置，构成声音信号再生用扬声器的低音喇叭73R及高音喇叭74R安装在大致呈长方体状的音箱72R的前面。低音喇叭73R及高音喇叭74R这样安装在音箱72R的前面一侧，即，使其主轴朝向音箱72R的正面方向。另外，在音箱72R上，将由其前面和左侧面构成的角的上侧部分切掉，形成扬声器安装面75R，声音信号再生用扬声器76R及环绕立体声信号再生用扬声器77R被安装在该安装面75R上。这时，如图17所示，扬声器76R、77R这样安装在音箱72R上，即其主轴MA_R、SA_R相对于音箱72R的正面方向F_R沿顺时针方向倾斜规定的角度γ、例如40°～50°。The speaker device 71R is a two-way speaker device, and a woofer 73R and a tweeter 74R constituting a speaker for reproducing audio signals are installed in front of a substantially rectangular parallelepiped speaker 72R. The woofer 73R and the tweeter 74R are installed on the front side of the speaker 72R such that their main axes face the front direction of the speaker 72R. In addition, the speaker mounting surface 75R is formed by cutting off the upper part of the corner formed by the front surface and the left side of the speaker box 72R, and the audio signal reproduction speaker 76R and the surround sound signal reproduction speaker 77R are mounted on the mounting surface. 75R on. At this time, as _shown in FIG. 17 , the speakers 76R, 77R are installed on the sound box 72R such that the main axes MA _R , SA _R are inclined clockwise by a predetermined angle γ, for example, 40°, with respect to the front direction FR of the sound box 72R. ~50°.

另外，用声阻材料78R覆盖着的圆形的声波发射口(开口部分)79R被设置在与音箱72R的扬声器安装面75R不同的端面(图中的上面)上。该声波发射口79R用来将从扬声器76R的振动片的背面产生的空气振动作为声波发射到外部，贯穿其中心的轴沿着扬声器76R的主轴方向延伸。上面虽然没有说明，但在音箱72R的内部，安装扬声器76R的箱体部分与另一箱体部分互相被隔开。In addition, a circular sound wave emission port (opening portion) 79R covered with an acoustic resistance material 78R is provided on an end surface (upper side in the drawing) different from the speaker mounting surface 75R of the sound box 72R. The sound wave emission port 79R is used to emit air vibration generated from the back surface of the vibrating piece of the speaker 76R to the outside as a sound wave, and the axis passing through the center extends along the main axis direction of the speaker 76R. Although not described above, inside the sound box 72R, the box portion where the speaker 76R is mounted and the other box portion are separated from each other.

在此情况下，用音箱72R的安装着扬声器76R的箱体部分内的空气呈现的声容、以及声波发射口79R的声阻及声质量构成音响的低频滤波器。而且，利用通过该低频滤波器从声波发射口79R发射的声波在通带内的群延迟时间，能赋予如下获得的方向性，即在由扬声装置71R的扬声器76R构成的扬声器部分中，从扬声器76R的前面和声波发射口79R这两个声源发射的声波的合成声压在扬声器76R的前方主轴上，通过具有最大灵敏度的全方向性和双向性的组合获得的方向性。In this case, the acoustic low-frequency filter is constituted by the sound capacity presented by the air in the box portion of the sound box 72R where the speaker 76R is installed, and the sound resistance and sound quality of the sound wave emission port 79R. And, by using the group delay time of the sound wave emitted from the sound wave emitting port 79R through the low-frequency filter within the passband, directivity obtained as follows can be imparted, that is, in the speaker portion constituted by the speaker 76R of the speaker device 71R, from The combined sound pressure of sound waves emitted from two sound sources, the front of the speaker 76R and the sound wave emitting port 79R, is on the front axis of the speaker 76R, directivity obtained by a combination of omnidirectionality and bidirectionality with maximum sensitivity.

这里，如上所述，关于扬声装置71L、71R的用扬声器76L、76R分别构成的扬声器部分带有通过全方向性和双向性的组合获得的方向性的原理与图1所示的扬声装置20相同，所以其说明从略。Here, as described above, the principle that the speaker portions constituted by the speakers 76L, 76R of the speaker devices 71L, 71R respectively have directivity obtained by combining omnidirectionality and bidirectionality is the same as that of the speaker device shown in FIG. 1 . 20 is the same, so its explanation is omitted.

在图16所示的立体声扬声装置70中，声音信号再生用扬声器76L、76R的主轴MA_L、MA_R分别相对于音箱72L、72R的正面方向F_L、F_R沿逆时针方向、顺时针方向倾斜规定的角度γ，从扬声装置71L、71R的中心线M上的收听位置(参照图17)看，扬声器76L、76R的主轴MA_L、MA_R朝向内侧。另外，由扬声装置71L、71R的扬声器76L、76R构成的扬声器部分分别在扬声器76L、76R的前方主轴上有通过具有最大灵敏度的双向性和全方向性的组合获得的方向性。In the stereo speaker device 70 shown in FIG. 16, the main shafts MA _L and MA _R of the audio signal reproduction speakers 76L and 76R are oriented counterclockwise and clockwise with respect to the front directions FL and _FR of the sound boxes _72L and 72R, respectively. The directions are inclined at a predetermined angle γ, and the main axes MAL _and _MAR of the speakers 76L and 76R are directed inward when viewed from the listening position (see FIG. 17 ) on the center line M of the speaker devices 71L and 71R. In addition, the speaker section constituted by the speakers 76L, 76R of the speaker devices 71L, 71R has directivity obtained by a combination of bidirectionality and omnidirectionality with maximum sensitivity on the front axes of the speakers 76L, 76R, respectively.

因此，在扬声装置71L、71R的中心线M上以外的收听位置、例如在b点(参照图28)，右声道的声压电平下降，同时左声道的声压电平有若干上升，基于左右两声道随距离衰减的不同，修正声压电平差。因此，如果采用图16所示的立体声扬声装置70，则能扩大获得良好的立体声感的收听范围。Therefore, at a listening position other than the center line M of the speaker devices 71L, 71R, for example, at point b (refer to FIG. 28 ), the sound pressure level of the right channel drops, while the sound pressure level of the left channel decreases slightly. Up, based on the attenuation of the left and right channels with distance, the sound pressure level difference is corrected. Therefore, if the stereo speaker device 70 shown in FIG. 16 is used, the listening range in which a good stereo feeling can be obtained can be enlarged.

另外，在图16所示的立体声扬声装置70中，环绕立体声信号再生用扬声器77L、77R的主轴SA_L、SA_R分别相对于音箱72L、72R的正面方向F_L、F_R沿逆时针方向、顺时针方向倾斜规定的角度γ。因此，从扬声装置71L、71R的中心线M上的收听位置(参照图17)看，扬声器77L、77R的主轴SA_L、SA_R朝向内侧。In addition, in the stereo speaker device 70 shown in FIG. 16, the main axes SA _L and SA _R of the surround sound signal reproduction speakers 77L and 77R are counterclockwise with respect to the front directions FL and _{FR of the sound boxes 72L and 72R} _, respectively. , clockwise tilt the specified angle γ. Therefore, when viewed from the listening position (see FIG. 17 ) on the center line M of the speaker devices 71L, 71R, the main axes SA _L , SA _R of the speakers 77L, 77R face inward.

一般来说，作为环绕立体声信号的主要分量的S信号分量是中·高频中具有主要分量的信号。而且，扬声器77L、77R的振动片具有有限的面积，所以如图34所示，在中·高频中发射声波本身就具有方向性。In general, the S signal component, which is the main component of the surround sound signal, is a signal having main components in the middle and high frequencies. Furthermore, since the vibrating pieces of the speakers 77L and 77R have a limited area, as shown in FIG. 34 , the emission of sound waves in the middle and high frequencies has directivity itself.

因此，如上所述，由于扬声器77L、77R的主轴SA_L、SA_R朝向内侧，所以在中心线M上以外的收听位置、例如在f点(参照图31)，右声道的声压电平下降，同时左声道的声压电平有若干上升，基于左右两声道的环绕立体声信号音随距离衰减的不同，而向修正声压电平差的方向作用。因此，如果采用图16所示的立体声扬声装置70，则能扩大获得良好的立体声感的收听范围。Therefore, as described above, since the main axes SA _L and SA _R of the speakers 77L and 77R are oriented inwardly, the sound pressure level of the right channel at a listening position other than the center line M, for example, at point f (refer to FIG. 31 ), is lower. At the same time, the sound pressure level of the left channel has a certain increase, based on the difference in attenuation of the surround sound signal sound of the left and right channels with the distance, and acts in the direction of correcting the sound pressure level difference. Therefore, if the stereo speaker device 70 shown in FIG. 16 is used, the listening range in which a good stereo feeling can be obtained can be enlarged.

与图12所示的立体声扬声装置50一样，本申请人使用图14所示的扬声装置60作为左声道用扬声装置及右声道用扬声装置，通过听觉试验，确认了在图16所示的立体声扬声装置70中，如上所述，扩大了获得良好的立体声感的收听范围(参照图15)。Like the stereo speaker device 50 shown in FIG. 12, the applicant used the speaker device 60 shown in FIG. 14 as the speaker device for the left channel and the speaker device for the right channel. In the stereo speaker device 70 shown in FIG. 16 , as described above, the listening range for obtaining a good stereo feeling is enlarged (see FIG. 15 ).

这样除了扩大了收听范围的声音信号(LR信号)再生装置(扬声装置)以外，本申请人还在使用图16所示的环绕立体声扬声装置77L、77R使环绕立体声信号再生的情况下，为了确认是否能扩大获得良好的立体声感的收听范围，进行了听感试验。图18表示在该听感试验中，作为左声道用扬声装置及右声道用扬声装置使用的扬声装置80。该扬声装置80是在图14所示的扬声装置61、41之间配置了扬声装置81而成的。扬声装置81在宽＝9cm、长＝7cm、高＝9cm的密闭的音箱82中，安装了口径为8cm的环绕立体声信号再生用的扬声器83，其再生频带为300Hz～20kHz。In addition to the sound signal (LR signal) reproduction device (speaker device) that has expanded the listening range, the applicant also uses the surround sound speaker devices 77L, 77R shown in FIG. 16 to reproduce the surround sound signal. In order to confirm whether the listening range for obtaining a good stereo sense can be expanded, a hearing test was conducted. FIG. 18 shows speaker devices 80 used as the speaker device for the left channel and the speaker device for the right channel in this hearing test. This speaker device 80 is formed by disposing a speaker device 81 between the speaker devices 61 and 41 shown in FIG. 14 . The loudspeaker device 81 is installed in the airtight sound box 82 of width=9cm, length=7cm, height=9cm, the loudspeaker 83 that the caliber is 8cm surround sound signal reproduction is installed, and its reproduction frequency band is 300Hz～20kHz.

使用图18所示的扬声装置80作为左声道用扬声装置及右声道用扬声装置，在图19所示的状态下，将其配置在混响时间约为0.2秒的试听室100内进行了听感试验。试验条件如下。图19中的⑦是这样一种情况：作为现有的系统不使用扬声装置41，在使左右两声道的扬声装置61的低音喇叭63及高音喇叭64的主轴朝向正面方向(平行于试听室100的侧壁)的状态下，使环绕立体声再生用扬声装置81的扬声器83的主轴向外侧倾斜30°。图19中的⑧是这样一种情况：作为现有的系统不使用扬声装置41，在使左右两声道的扬声装置61的低音喇叭63及高音喇叭64的主轴朝向正面方向的状态下，使环绕立体声再生用扬声装置81的扬声器83的主轴朝向正面方向。图19中的⑨是这样一种情况：作为本发明的系统使用扬声装置41，在使左右两声道的扬声装置61的低音喇叭63及高音喇叭64的主轴朝向正面方向、同时使扬声装置41的扬声器43的主轴向内侧倾斜45°的状态下，使环绕立体声再生用扬声装置81的扬声器83的主轴向内侧倾斜45°。Using the speaker device 80 shown in FIG. 18 as the speaker device for the left channel and the speaker device for the right channel, in the state shown in FIG. 19 , it is placed in a listening room with a reverberation time of about 0.2 seconds. Hearing test was carried out within 100 minutes. The test conditions are as follows. ⑦ among Fig. 19 is a kind of situation: do not use loudspeaker device 41 as existing system, when making the main axis of woofer 63 and tweeter 64 of the loudspeaker device 61 of left and right two channels toward frontal direction (parallel to In the state of the side wall of the listening room 100), the main axis of the speaker 83 of the speaker device 81 for surround sound reproduction is inclined 30° outward. ⑧ among Fig. 19 is such a situation: do not use loudspeaker device 41 as existing system, under the state that makes the woofer 63 of left and right two-channel loudspeaker device 61 and the main axis of tweeter 64 face the front direction , so that the main axis of the speaker 83 of the speaker device 81 for surround sound reproduction faces the front direction. ⑨ among Fig. 19 is such a kind of situation: use speaker device 41 as the system of the present invention, make the main axis of woofer 63 and tweeter 64 of the speaker device 61 of left and right two channels face the front direction, make speaker While the main axis of the speaker 43 of the acoustic device 41 is inclined 45° inward, the main axis of the speaker 83 of the speaker device 81 for surround sound reproduction is inclined 45° inward.

另外，在使扬声装置41的扬声器43的主轴朝向正面方向的状态下，在该扬声装置41的两个扬声装置80、80的中心线M上的收听位置、例如在e点的声压电平设定得与双路方式的扬声装置61的声压电平相比，低3dB。In addition, in the state where the main axis of the speaker 43 of the speaker device 41 faces the front direction, at the listening position on the center line M of the two speaker devices 80, 80 of the speaker device 41, for example, the sound at point e The voltage level is set to be 3 dB lower than the sound pressure level of the speaker device 61 of the two-way system.

在图19中，虚线L_-7表示在上述试验条件⑦的情况下，能获得良好的立体声效果的收听范围的界限，在从该虚线L_-7至中心线M一侧的范围内获得了良好的立体声效果。另外，点划线L_-8表示在上述试验条件⑧的情况下，能获得良好的立体声效果的收听范围的界限，在从该点划线L_-8至中心线M一侧的范围内获得了良好的立体声效果。在该情况下与⑦的情况相比，能获得良好的立体声效果的收听范围有所扩大，但被限定在狭窄的范围内。In Fig. 19, the dotted line L _-7 indicates the limit of the listening range in which a good stereo effect can be obtained under the above-mentioned test condition ⑦, and good stereophonic effects are obtained in the range from the dotted line L _-7 to the center line M side. stereo effect. In addition, the dotted line L _-8 represents the limit of the listening range in which a good stereo effect can be obtained under the above-mentioned test condition ⑧, and the range from the dotted line L _-8 to the center line M side is obtained. Good stereo effect. In this case, compared with the case of (7), the listening range in which a good stereo effect can be obtained is expanded, but it is limited to a narrow range.

与此不同，实线L_-9表示在本发明的上述试验条件⑨的情况下，能获得良好的环绕立体声效果的收听范围的界限，在从该实线L_-9至中心线M一侧的范围内获得了良好的环绕立体声效果。在该情况下与⑧的情况相比，能获得良好的立体声效果的收听范围显著地扩大。因此，确认了在图16所示的立体声扬声装置70中，更能扩大能获得良好的立体声效果的收听范围。Different from this, the solid line L _-9 represents the limit of the listening range that can obtain a good surround sound effect under the above-mentioned test condition ⑨ of the present invention. From the solid line L _-9 to the central line M side A good surround sound effect is obtained in the range. In this case, compared with the case of (8), the listening range in which a good stereo effect can be obtained is significantly expanded. Therefore, it was confirmed that in the stereo speaker device 70 shown in FIG. 16 , the listening range in which a good stereo effect can be obtained can be further expanded.

另外，图16所示的立体声扬声装置70虽然是将声音信号再生用扬声器76L(76R)及环绕立体声信号再生用扬声器77L(77R)分别安装在扬声器安装面75L(75R)上，但也可以用一个扬声器兼作两个扬声器用。在此情况下，变成在声音信号中增加环绕立体声信号，用增加了环绕立体声信号的信号驱动一个扬声器。In addition, although the stereo speaker apparatus 70 shown in FIG. Use one speaker as two speakers. In this case, the surround sound signal is added to the sound signal, and a speaker is driven with the signal to which the surround sound signal is added.

其次，图20表示另一个作为优选例的立体声扬声装置90。该扬声装置90由左声道用扬声装置91L和右声道用扬声装置91R构成。Next, FIG. 20 shows another stereo speaker device 90 as a preferred example. The speaker device 90 is composed of a speaker device 91L for the left channel and a speaker device 91R for the right channel.

在构成扬声装置91L的音箱92L中，在前面和右侧面之间形成扬声器安装面93L，声音信号再生用扬声器94L及环绕立体声信号再生用扬声器95L被安装在该扬声器安装面93L上。这时，如图21所示，扬声器94L、95L这样安装在音箱92L上，即其主轴MA_L、SA_L相对于音箱92L的正面方向F_L沿逆时针方向倾斜规定的角度γ、例如40°～50°。A speaker mounting surface 93L is formed between the front and right sides of the speaker box 92L constituting the speaker device 91L, and the speaker mounting surface 93L is mounted on the speaker mounting surface 93L for an audio signal reproduction speaker 94L and a surround sound signal reproduction speaker 95L. At this time, as shown in FIG. 21, the speakers 94L, 95L are mounted on the sound box 92L such that the main axes MA _L , SA _{L thereof} _are inclined counterclockwise by a predetermined angle γ, for example, 40°, with respect to the front direction FL of the sound box 92L. ~50°.

另外，在与音箱92L的扬声器安装面93L不同的端面(图中的上面)上设有用声阻材料96L覆盖的圆形的声波发射口(开口部分)97L。该声波发射口97L用来将从扬声器94L的振动片的背面产生的空气振动作为声波发射到外部，沿扬声器94L的主轴方向形成贯穿其中心的轴。上面虽然没有说明，但在音箱92L的内部，安装扬声器94L的箱体部分与另一箱体部分互相被隔开。In addition, a circular sound wave emission port (opening portion) 97L covered with an acoustic resistance material 96L is provided on an end face (upper face in the drawing) different from the speaker mounting face 93L of the sound box 92L. The sound wave emission port 97L is used to emit air vibration generated from the back surface of the vibrating piece of the speaker 94L to the outside as a sound wave, and forms an axis penetrating the center of the speaker 94L in the direction of the main axis of the speaker 94L. Although not described above, inside the speaker box 92L, a box portion where the speaker 94L is mounted and another box portion are separated from each other.

在此情况下，用音箱92L的安装着扬声器94L的箱体部分内的空气呈现的声容、以及声波发射口97L的声阻及声质量构成音响的低频滤波器。而且，利用通过该低频滤波器从声波发射口97L发射的声波在通带内的群延迟时间，能赋予如下获得的方向性，即在由扬声装置91L的扬声器94L构成的扬声器部分中，从扬声器94L的前面和声波发射口97L这两个声源发射的声波的合成声压在扬声器94L的前方主轴上，通过具有最大灵敏度的全方向性和双向性的组合获得的方向性。In this case, the acoustic low-frequency filter is constituted by the sound capacity presented by the air in the box portion of the sound box 92L where the speaker 94L is installed, and the sound resistance and sound quality of the sound wave emission port 97L. And, by using the group delay time of the sound wave emitted from the sound wave emission port 97L through the low-frequency filter within the pass band, it is possible to impart directivity obtained by, in the speaker portion constituted by the speaker 94L of the speaker device 91L, from The combined sound pressure of sound waves emitted from two sound sources, the front of the speaker 94L and the sound wave emission port 97L, is on the front axis of the speaker 94L, directivity obtained by a combination of omnidirectionality and bidirectionality with maximum sensitivity.

在构成扬声装置91R的音箱92R中，在前面和左侧面之间形成扬声器安装面93R，声音信号再生用扬声器94R及环绕立体声信号再生用扬声器95R被安装在该扬声器安装面93R上。这时，如图21所示，扬声器94R、95R这样安装在音箱92R上，即其主轴MA_L、SA_L相对于音箱92R的正面方向F_L沿顺时针方向倾斜规定的角度γ、例如40°～50°。A speaker mounting surface 93R is formed between the front and left sides of the speaker box 92R constituting the speaker device 91R, and the audio signal reproduction speaker 94R and the surround sound signal reproduction speaker 95R are mounted on the speaker mounting surface 93R. At this time, as shown in FIG. 21, the speakers 94R, 95R are installed on the sound box 92R such that the main axes _MAL , SA _L thereof are inclined clockwise by a predetermined angle γ, for example, 40°, with respect to the front direction _FL of the sound box 92R. ~50°.

另外，在与音箱92R的扬声器安装面93R不同的端面(图中的上面)上设有用声阻材料96R覆盖的圆形的声波发射口(开口部分)97R。该声波发射口97R用来将从扬声器94R的振动片的背面产生的空气振动作为声波发射到外部，沿扬声器94R的主轴方向形成贯穿其中心的轴。上面虽然没有说明，但在音箱92R的内部，安装扬声器94R的箱体部分与另一箱体部分互相被隔开。In addition, a circular sound wave emission port (opening portion) 97R covered with an acoustic resistance material 96R is provided on an end face (upper face in the figure) different from the speaker mounting face 93R of the sound box 92R. The sound wave emission port 97R is used to emit the air vibration generated from the back surface of the vibrating piece of the speaker 94R to the outside as a sound wave, and forms an axis passing through the center of the speaker 94R in the direction of the main axis of the speaker 94R. Although not described above, inside the speaker box 92R, the box portion on which the speaker 94R is mounted and the other box portion are separated from each other.

在此情况下，用音箱92R的安装着扬声器94R的箱体部分内的空气呈现的声容、以及声波发射口97R的声阻及声质量构成音响的低频滤波器。而且，利用通过该低频滤波器从声波发射口97R发射的声波在通带内的群延迟时间，能赋予如下获得的方向性，即在由扬声装置91R的扬声器94R构成的扬声器部分中，从扬声器94R的前面和声波发射口97R这两个声源发射的声波的合成声压在扬声器94R的前方主轴上，通过具有最大灵敏度的全方向性和双向性的组合获得的方向性。In this case, the acoustic low frequency filter is constituted by the sound capacity presented by the air in the box portion of the sound box 92R where the speaker 94R is installed, and the sound resistance and sound quality of the sound wave emission port 97R. And, by utilizing the group delay time of the sound wave emitted from the sound wave emission port 97R through the low-frequency filter within the passband, directivity obtained as follows can be imparted, that is, in the speaker portion constituted by the speaker 94R of the speaker device 91R, from The combined sound pressure of the sound waves emitted from the two sound sources, the front of the speaker 94R and the sound wave emitting port 97R, is on the front axis of the speaker 94R, directivity obtained by a combination of omnidirectionality and bidirectionality with maximum sensitivity.

在图20所示的立体声扬声装置90中，声音信号再生用扬声器94L、94R的主轴MA_L、MA_R分别相对于音箱92L、92R的正面方向F_L、F_R沿逆时针方向、顺时针方向倾斜规定的角度γ，从扬声装置91L、91R的中心线M上的收听位置(参照图21)看，扬声器94L、94R的主轴MA_L、MA_R朝向内侧。另外，由扬声装置91L、91R的扬声器94L、94R构成的扬声器部分分别在扬声器94L、94R的前方主轴上有通过具有最大灵敏度的双向性和全方向性的组合获得的方向性。In the stereo speaker device 90 shown in FIG. 20, the main shafts MA _L and MA _R of the audio signal reproduction speakers 94L and 94R are oriented counterclockwise and clockwise with respect to the front directions FL and _FR of the sound boxes _92L and 92R, respectively. The directions are inclined at a predetermined angle γ, and the main axes _MAL , MAR of the speakers 94L, 94R are directed inward when viewed from the listening position (see FIG. 21 ) on the center line M of the speaker devices 91L, _91R . In addition, the speaker section constituted by the speakers 94L, 94R of the speaker devices 91L, 91R has directivity obtained by a combination of bidirectionality and omnidirectionality with maximum sensitivity on the front axes of the speakers 94L, 94R, respectively.

因此，在扬声装置91L、91R的中心线M上以外的收听位置、例如在b点(参照图28)，右声道的声压电平下降，同时左声道的声压电平有若干上升，基于左右两声道随距离衰减的不同，修正声压电平差。因此，如果采用图20所示的立体声扬声装置90，则与图16所示的立体声扬声装置70一样，能扩大获得良好的立体声感的收听范围。Therefore, at a listening position other than the center line M of the speaker devices 91L, 91R, for example, at point b (refer to FIG. 28 ), the sound pressure level of the right channel drops, while the sound pressure level of the left channel decreases slightly. Up, based on the attenuation of the left and right channels with distance, the sound pressure level difference is corrected. Therefore, if the stereo speaker device 90 shown in FIG. 20 is used, similarly to the stereo speaker device 70 shown in FIG. 16 , the listening range for obtaining a good sense of stereo can be enlarged.

另外，在图20所示的立体声扬声装置90中，环绕立体声信号再生用扬声器95L、95R的主轴SA_L、SA_R分别相对于音箱92L、92R的正面方向F_L、F_R沿逆时针方向、顺时针方向倾斜规定的角度γ。因此，从扬声装置91L、91R的中心线M上的收听位置(参照图21)看，扬声器95L、95R的主轴SA_L、SA_R朝向内侧。因此，与图16所示的立体声扬声装置70一样，在扬声装置91L、91R的中心线M上以外的收听位置，基于来自扬声器95L、95R的左右声道的环绕立体声信号音随距离衰减的不同，修正电平差，因此能扩大获得良好的环绕立体声效果的收听范围。In addition, in the stereo speaker device 90 shown in FIG. 20, the main axes SA _L and SA _R of the surround sound signal reproduction speakers 95L and 95R are counterclockwise with respect to the front directions FL and FR of the sound boxes _92L and _92R , respectively. , clockwise tilt the specified angle γ. Therefore, when viewed from the listening position (see FIG. 21 ) on the center line M of the speaker devices 91L, 91R, the main axes SA _L , SA _R of the speakers 95L, 95R face inward. Therefore, like the stereo speaker device 70 shown in FIG. 16 , at a listening position other than on the center line M of the speaker devices 91L, 91R, the surround sound signals from the left and right channels of the speakers 95L, 95R attenuate with distance. The difference in the level is corrected, so that the listening range for a good surround sound effect can be expanded.

另外，图20所示的立体声扬声装置90虽然是将声音信号再生用扬声器94L(94R)及环绕立体声信号再生用扬声器95L(95R)分别安装在扬声器安装面93L(93R)上，但也可以用一个扬声器兼作两个扬声器用。在此情况下，变成在声音信号中增加环绕立体声信号，用增加了环绕立体声信号的信号驱动一个扬声器。In addition, although the stereo speaker apparatus 90 shown in FIG. Use one speaker as two speakers. In this case, the surround sound signal is added to the sound signal, and a speaker is driven with the signal to which the surround sound signal is added.

这样，图16、图20所示的立体声扬声装置70、90由于从两个扬声装置的中心线上的收听位置看，左声道用及右声道用扬声装置的声音信号再生用扬声器的主轴朝向内侧，同时该两个扬声装置的由声音信号再生用扬声器构成的扬声器部分具有通过双向性和全方向性的组合获得的方向性，所以在两个扬声装置的中心线上以外的收听位置，基于左右两声道随距离衰减的不同，修正声压电平差，能扩大能获得良好的立体声感的收听范围。Like this, the stereophonic loudspeaker device 70,90 shown in Fig. 16, Figure 20 is owing to see from the listening position on the center line of two loudspeaker devices, left channel is used and right channel is used for the sound signal reproduction of loudspeaker device. The main axis of the speaker faces inward, and the speaker portion of the two speaker devices composed of speakers for sound signal reproduction has directivity obtained by a combination of bidirectionality and omnidirectionality, so that on the center line of the two speaker devices At other listening positions, based on the difference in the attenuation of the left and right channels with distance, the difference in sound pressure level is corrected to expand the listening range for obtaining a good stereo feeling.

另外，两个扬声装置的由声音信号再生用扬声器构成的扬声器部分是具有通过双向性和全方向性的组合获得的方向性的部分，例如利用从声波发射口发射的声波的群延迟时间，能获得方向性，与以往那样利用扬声器本身具有的方向性、或利用双向性扬声器的部分相比较，有利于使系统结构小型化。In addition, the loudspeaker part that is made of the sound signal reproduction loudspeaker of two sound-speaking devices is the part that has the directivity that obtains by the combination of bidirectionality and omnidirectionality, for example utilizes the group delay time of the sound wave that emits from the sound wave emission port, Directivity can be obtained, and it is advantageous to reduce the size of the system structure compared with the conventional directivity of the speaker itself or the use of the part of the two-way speaker.

另外，由于从两个扬声装置的中心线上的收听位置看，使左声道用及右声道用的扬声装置的环绕立体声信号再生的扬声器的主轴朝向内侧，所以在两个扬声装置的中心线上以外的收听位置，利用使环绕立体声信号再生的扬声器的中·高频的方向性，基于左右两声道随距离衰减的不同，能进行电平差的修正，同时还有上述的声音信号(LR信号)再生音的收听范围扩大的效果，此外还能显著地扩大能获得良好的立体声效果的收听范围。In addition, since the main axes of the speakers that reproduce the surround sound signals of the speaker devices for the left channel and the right channel are directed inward when viewed from the listening position on the center line of the two speaker devices, the two speaker devices For listening positions other than the center line of the device, the level difference can be corrected based on the difference in attenuation of the left and right channels with distance by using the mid-high frequency directivity of the speaker that reproduces the surround sound signal, and the above-mentioned The effect of expanding the listening range of the reproduced sound of the sound signal (LR signal), and can also significantly expand the listening range for obtaining a good stereo effect.

另外，由声波发射口的声阻及声质量和音箱内的空气呈现的声容构成低频滤波器，利用通过该低频滤波器从声波发射口发射的声波在通带内的群延迟时间，获得方向性，与音箱的尺寸和形状无关地设定任意的群延迟时间，制止超低频都能稳定地获得所希望的方向性。In addition, the low-frequency filter is composed of the sound resistance and sound quality of the sound wave emission port and the sound capacity presented by the air in the speaker box, and the direction Regardless of the size and shape of the speaker, any group delay time can be set, and the desired directivity can be stably obtained even at ultra-low frequencies.

其次，图22表示另一个作为优选例的正面立体声扬声装置110。该扬声装置110由左声道用扬声装置111L和右声道用扬声装置111R构成。Next, FIG. 22 shows another front stereo speaker device 110 as a preferred example. The speaker device 110 is composed of a speaker device 111L for the left channel and a speaker device 111R for the right channel.

扬声装置111L是一种双路方式的扬声装置，构成声音信号再生用扬声器的低音喇叭113L及高音喇叭114L安装在大致呈长方体状的音箱112L的前面。低音喇叭113L及高音喇叭114L这样安装在音箱112L的前面一侧，即，使其主轴朝向音箱112L的正面方向。另外，在音箱112L上，将由其前面和右侧面构成的角的上侧部分切掉，形成扬声器安装面115L，环绕立体声信号再生用扬声器116L安装在该安装面115L上。这时，如图23所示，扬声器116L这样安装在音箱112L上，即其主轴MA_L相对于音箱112L的正面方向F_L沿逆时针方向倾斜规定的角度α、例如40°～50°。The speaker device 111L is a two-way speaker device, and a woofer 113L and a tweeter 114L constituting a speaker for reproducing audio signals are installed in front of a substantially rectangular parallelepiped speaker 112L. The woofer 113L and the tweeter 114L are installed on the front side of the speaker 112L such that their main axes face the front direction of the speaker 112L. In addition, speaker mounting surface 115L is formed by cutting off the upper part of the corner formed by the front and right sides of speaker 112L, and surround sound signal reproduction speaker 116L is mounted on this mounting surface 115L. At this time, as shown in FIG. 23 , the speaker 116L is mounted on the speaker 112L such that its main axis M _L is inclined counterclockwise by a predetermined angle α, for example, 40° to 50°, with respect to the front direction _FL of the speaker 112L.

扬声装置111R是一种双路方式的扬声装置，构成声音信号再生用扬声器的低音喇叭113R及高音喇叭114R安装在大致呈长方体状的音箱112R的前面。低音喇叭113R及高音喇叭114R这样安装在音箱112R的前面一侧，即，使其主轴朝向音箱112R的正面方向。另外，在音箱112R上，将由其前面和左侧面构成的角的上侧部分切掉，形成扬声器安装面115R，环绕立体声信号再生用扬声器116R安装在该安装面115R上。这时，如图23所示，扬声器116R这样安装在音箱112R上，即其主轴MA_R相对于音箱112R的正面方向F_R沿顺时针方向倾斜规定的角度α、例如40°～50°。The speaker device 111R is a two-way speaker device, and a woofer 113R and a tweeter 114R constituting a speaker for reproducing audio signals are installed in front of a substantially rectangular parallelepiped speaker 112R. The woofer 113R and the tweeter 114R are mounted on the front side of the speaker 112R such that their main axes face the front direction of the speaker 112R. In addition, speaker mounting surface 115R is formed by cutting off the upper part of the corner formed by the front and left sides of speaker 112R, and speaker 116R for surround sound signal reproduction is mounted on mounting surface 115R. At this time, as shown in FIG. 23, the speaker 116R is installed on the speaker 112R such that its main axis MA _R is inclined clockwise by a predetermined angle α, for example, 40° to 50°, with respect to the front direction _FR of the speaker 112R.

在图22所示的正面立体声扬声装置110中，扬声器116L、116R的主轴MA_L、MA_R分别相对于音箱112L、112R的正面方向F_L、F_R沿逆时针方向、顺时针方向倾斜规定的角度α。因此，从扬声装置111L、111R的中心线M上的收听位置(参照图23)看，扬声器116L、116R的主轴MA_L、MA_R朝向内侧。In the front stereo speaker device 110 shown in FIG. 22, the main axes MA _L and MA _R of the speakers 116L _and 116R are inclined counterclockwise and clockwise with respect to the front directions FL and _FR of the speakers 112L and 112R, respectively. The angle α. Therefore, when viewed from the listening position (see FIG. 23 ) on the centerline M of the speaker devices 111L, 111R, the main axes _MAL , MAR of the speakers 116L, _116R face inward.

一般来说，作为环绕立体声信号的主要分量的S信号分量是中·高频中具有主要分量的信号。而且，扬声器116L、116R的振动片具有有限的面积，所以如图34所示，在中·高频中发射声波本身就具有方向性。In general, the S signal component, which is the main component of the surround sound signal, is a signal having main components in the middle and high frequencies. Furthermore, since the diaphragms of the speakers 116L and 116R have a limited area, as shown in FIG. 34 , the emission of sound waves in the middle and high frequencies has directivity itself.

因此，如上所述，由于扬声器116L、116R的主轴MA_L、MA_R朝向内侧，所以在中心线M上以外的收听位置、例如在f点(参照图31)，右声道的声压电平下降，同时左声道的声压电平有若干上升，基于左右两声道的环绕立体声信号音随距离衰减的不同，修正电平差。因此，如果采用图22所示的正面立体声扬声装置110，则能扩大获得良好的环绕立体声效果的收听范围。Therefore, as described above, since the main axes M _L and M _R of the speakers 116L and 116R are oriented inwardly, the sound pressure level of the right channel at a listening position other than the centerline M, for example, at point f (refer to FIG. 31 ), will At the same time, the sound pressure level of the left channel has a certain increase. Based on the difference in the attenuation of the surround sound signal sound of the left and right channels with the distance, the level difference is corrected. Therefore, if the front stereo speaker device 110 shown in FIG. 22 is used, the listening range for obtaining a good surround sound effect can be enlarged.

本申请人在图22所示的正面立体声扬声装置110中，如上所述，为了确认是否扩大了获得良好的环绕立体声效果的收听范围，进行了听感试验。图24表示在该听感试验中，作为左声道用扬声装置及右声道用扬声装置使用的扬声装置120。该扬声装置120是在扬声装置121的上部配置了扬声装置125。扬声装置121是一种双路方式的扬声装置，在宽＝20cm、长＝22cm、高＝30cm的音箱122中，安装了声音信号再生用的口径为14cm的低音喇叭123及口径为8cm的高音喇叭124，再生频带为50Hz～20kHz。另外，扬声装置125是在宽＝9cm、长＝7cm、高＝9cm的密闭的音箱126中，安装了口径为8cm环绕立体声信号再生用扬声器127，再生频带为300Hz～20kHz。In the front stereo speaker device 110 shown in FIG. 22 , the present applicant conducted a hearing test in order to confirm whether or not the listening range for obtaining a good surround sound effect was expanded as described above. FIG. 24 shows the speaker devices 120 used as the speaker device for the left channel and the speaker device for the right channel in this hearing test. In the speaker device 120 , a speaker device 125 is arranged on the upper part of the speaker device 121 . Loudspeaker device 121 is a kind of loudspeaker device of two-way mode, and in the sound box 122 of wide=20cm, long=22cm, height=30cm, the woofer 123 and the caliber of 14cm that sound signal regeneration usefulness are installed are 8cm The tweeter 124 has a reproduction frequency band of 50 Hz to 20 kHz. In addition, the loudspeaker device 125 is in the airtight sound box 126 of width=9cm, length=7cm, height=9cm, and the aperture is installed the loudspeaker 127 of 8cm surround sound signal reproduction, and the reproduction frequency band is 300Hz～20kHz.

使用图24所示的扬声装置120作为左声道用扬声装置及右声道用扬声装置，在图25所示的状态下，将其配置在混响时间约为0.2秒的试听室100内进行了听感试验。而且，在该听感试验中，使构成左声道用及右声道用的扬声装置120的扬声装置121的低音喇叭123及高音喇叭124的主轴(基准轴)朝向正面方向(平行于试听室100的侧壁的方向)，在此状态下，测得了以下三种情况下的能获得良好的环绕立体声效果的收听范围，这三种情况是：①使扬声装置125的扬声器127的主轴向外侧倾斜30°的情况；②使扬声装置125的扬声器127的主轴朝向正面方向的情况；③使扬声装置125的扬声器127的主轴向内侧倾斜45°的情况。Using the speaker device 120 shown in FIG. 24 as the speaker device for the left channel and the speaker device for the right channel, in the state shown in FIG. 25 , it is placed in a listening room with a reverberation time of about 0.2 seconds. Hearing test was carried out within 100 minutes. And in this hearing test, the main axis (reference axis) of the woofer 123 and the tweeter 124 of the speaker device 121 constituting the speaker device 120 for the left channel and the right channel are oriented in the front direction (parallel to The direction of the side wall of the listening room 100), in this state, the listening range that can obtain a good surround sound effect in the following three situations has been measured, these three situations are: 1. make the speaker 127 of the speaker device 125 The case where the main axis is inclined 30° to the outside; (2) the case where the main axis of the speaker 127 of the speaker device 125 is directed in the front direction; (3) the case where the main axis of the speaker 127 of the speaker device 125 is inclined 45° inward.

在图25中，虚线L_-11表示在使环绕立体声信号再生用扬声器127的主轴向外侧倾斜30°的情况下，能获得良好的环绕立体声效果的收听范围的界限，在从该虚线L_-11至中心线M一侧的范围内，获得了良好的环绕立体声效果。另外，点划线L_-12表示在使扬声器127的主轴朝向正面方向的情况下，能获得良好的环绕立体声效果的收听范围的界限，在从该点划线L_-12至中心线M一侧的范围内，获得了良好的环绕立体声效果。在此情况下，与使扬声器127的主轴向外侧倾斜30°的情况相比，能获得良好的环绕立体声效果的收听范围扩大了若干。In FIG. 25, the dotted line L _-11 represents the limit of the listening range where a good surround sound effect can be obtained when the main axis of the surround sound signal reproduction speaker 127 is inclined 30° to the outside. From this dotted line _{L- 11} to one side of the centerline M, a good surround sound effect is obtained. In addition, the dotted line L _-12 represents the limit of the listening range where a good surround sound effect can be obtained when the main axis of the loudspeaker ₁₂₇ is directed toward the front direction. Within the range, a good surround sound effect is obtained. In this case, compared with the case where the main axis of the speaker 127 is inclined 30° outward, the listening range in which a good surround sound effect can be obtained is slightly enlarged.

与此不同，实线L_-13表示在使扬声器127的主轴向内侧倾斜45°的情况下，能获得良好的环绕立体声效果的收听范围的界限，在从该实线L_-13至中心线M一侧的范围内，获得了良好的环绕立体声效果。在此情况下，与使扬声器127的主轴朝向正面方向的情况相比，进一步扩大了能获得良好的环绕立体声效果的收听范围。因此，在图22所示的正面环绕立体声扬声装置110中，确认了能扩大能获得良好的环绕立体声效果的收听范围。In contrast to this, the solid line L _-13 represents the limit of the listening range where a good surround sound effect can be obtained when the main axis of the loudspeaker ₁₂₇ is inclined 45° inwardly. In the range of the M side, a good surround sound effect is obtained. In this case, compared with the case where the main axis of the speaker 127 is directed in the front direction, the listening range in which a good surround sound effect can be obtained is further expanded. Therefore, in the front surround sound speaker device 110 shown in FIG. 22 , it was confirmed that the listening range in which a good surround sound effect can be obtained can be expanded.

其次，图26表示另一个作为优选例的正面立体声扬声装置130。该扬声装置130由左声道用扬声装置131L和右声道用扬声装置131R构成。Next, FIG. 26 shows another frontal stereo speaker device 130 as a preferred example. The speaker device 130 is composed of a speaker device 131L for the left channel and a speaker device 131R for the right channel.

在构成扬声装置131L的音箱132L中，在前面和右侧面之间形成扬声器安装面133L。而且，扬声装置131L是一种双路方式的扬声装置，低音喇叭134L及高音喇叭135L安装在该扬声器安装面133L上。低音喇叭134L及高音喇叭135L除了具有作为声音信号再生用扬声器的功能以外，还具有作为环绕立体声信号再生用扬声器的功能。这时，如图27所示，低音喇叭134L及高音喇叭135L这样安装在音箱132L上，即其主轴MA_L相对于音箱132L的正面方向F_L沿逆时针方向倾斜规定的角度β、例如40°～50°。In the speaker box 132L constituting the speaker device 131L, a speaker mounting surface 133L is formed between the front side and the right side. Furthermore, the speaker device 131L is a two-way speaker device, and the woofer 134L and the tweeter 135L are mounted on the speaker mounting surface 133L. The woofer 134L and the tweeter 135L have a function as a speaker for reproducing a surround sound signal in addition to a function as a speaker for reproducing an audio signal. At this time, as shown in FIG. 27, the woofer 134L and the tweeter 135L are installed on the speaker 132L such that the main axis M _L is inclined counterclockwise by a predetermined angle β, for example, 40°, with respect to the front direction _FL of the speaker 132L. ~50°.

另外，在构成扬声装置131R的音箱132R中，在前面和左侧面之间形成扬声器安装面133R。而且，扬声装置131R是一种双路方式的扬声装置，低音喇叭134R及高音喇叭135R安装在该扬声器安装面133R上。低音喇叭134R及高音喇叭135R除了具有作为声音信号再生用扬声器的功能以外，还具有作为环绕立体声信号再生用扬声器的功能。这时，如图27所示，低音喇叭134R及高音喇叭135R这样安装在音箱132R上，即其主轴MA_R相对于音箱132R的正面方向F_R沿顺时针方向倾斜规定的角度β、例如40°～50°。In addition, a speaker mounting surface 133R is formed between the front surface and the left side of the speaker unit 132R constituting the speaker device 131R. Furthermore, the speaker device 131R is a two-way speaker device, and the woofer 134R and the tweeter 135R are mounted on the speaker mounting surface 133R. The woofer 134R and the tweeter 135R have a function as a speaker for reproducing a surround sound signal in addition to a function as a speaker for reproducing an audio signal. At this time, as shown in FIG. 27, the woofer 134R and the tweeter 135R are mounted on the speaker 132R such that the main axis MA _R is inclined clockwise by a predetermined angle β, for example, 40°, with respect to the front direction _FR of the speaker 132R. ~50°.

在图26所示的正面环绕立体声扬声装置130中，使环绕立体声信号再生的扬声器(134L、135L)、(134R、135R)的主轴MA_L、MA_R分别相对于音箱132L、132R的正面方向F_L、F_R沿逆时针方向、顺时针方向倾斜规定的角度β。因此，从扬声装置131L、131R的中心线M上的收听位置(参照图27)看，扬声器(134L、135L)、(134R、135R)的主轴MA_L、MA_R朝向内侧。因此，与图22所示的正面环绕立体声扬声装置110一样，在扬声装置131L、131R的中心线M上以外的收听位置，基于来自扬声器(134L、135L)、(134R、135R)左右两声道的环绕立体声信号音随距离衰减的不同，修正电平差，能扩大获得良好的环绕立体声效果的收听范围。In the front surround sound speaker device 130 shown in FIG. 26, the main axes M _L and M _R of the speakers (134L, 135L), (134R, 135R) for regenerating the surround sound signal are respectively relative to the front direction of the sound box 132L, 132R. F _L and F _R are inclined at a predetermined angle β in the counterclockwise direction and clockwise direction. Therefore, the main axes MAL, _MAR of the speakers (134L, 135L), (134R, 135R) face inward when viewed from the listening position (see FIG. 27 ) on the center line M of the speaker devices 131L, _131R . Therefore, similar to the front surround sound speaker device 110 shown in FIG. 22 , at listening positions other than on the center line M of the speaker devices 131L, 131R, based on the sound from the left and right speakers ( 134L, 135L ), ( 134R, 135R ), The surround sound signal tone of the channel is attenuated differently with the distance, the level difference is corrected, and the listening range for obtaining a good surround sound effect can be expanded.

另外，扬声装置110、130虽然是以双路方式的扬声装置为例示出的，但当然不限定于这种方式。要点在于使左声道用及右声道用的扬声装置的环绕立体声信号再生的扬声器这样安装在音箱上，即，使扬声器各自的主轴相对于音箱的正面方向沿逆时针方向及顺时针方向倾斜规定的角度。In addition, although the speaker devices 110 and 130 are illustrated as an example of a speaker device of a two-way system, it is needless to say that they are not limited to this system. The main point is that the speakers for reproducing the surround sound signals of the speaker devices for the left channel and the right channel are installed on the sound box in such a way that the respective main axes of the speakers are oriented counterclockwise and clockwise with respect to the front direction of the sound box. Tilt at the specified angle.

这样图22、图26所示的正面环绕立体声扬声装置110、130由于从两个扬声装置的中心线上的收听位置看，使左声道用及右声道用的扬声装置的环绕立体声信号再生的扬声器的主轴朝向内侧，因此，利用使环绕立体声信号再生的扬声器的中·高频的方向性，能修正由左右两声道的环绕立体声信号音随距离衰减的不同引起的电平差，因此能扩大获得良好的环绕立体声效果的收听范围。The frontal surround sound speaker devices 110,130 shown in Fig. 22 and Fig. 26 are viewed from the listening position on the center line of the two speaker devices, so that the surround sound of the speaker devices for the left channel and the right channel is The main axis of the speaker that reproduces the stereo signal is directed inward. Therefore, the level caused by the difference in attenuation of the surround sound signal sound of the left and right channels with distance can be corrected by using the directivity of the middle and high frequencies of the speaker that reproduces the surround sound signal. poor, thus expanding the listening range for good surround sound effects.

工业上利用的可能性Possibility of industrial use

如上所述，本发明的扬声装置由于能扩大获得良好的立体声感的收听范围和获得良好的环绕立体声效果的收听范围，所以适用于例如电视接收机和音频系统等。As described above, the speaker device of the present invention is suitable for use in television receivers and audio systems, for example, because it can expand the listening range for obtaining a good stereo sense and the listening range for obtaining a good surround sound effect.

Claims

1. stereo loudspeaker arrangement, it is made of with loudspeaker arrangement with loudspeaker arrangement and R channel L channel, above-mentioned L channel has first loud speaker that makes the regeneration of L channel voice signal with loudspeaker arrangement, above-mentioned R channel has second loud speaker that makes the right channel sound signal regeneration with loudspeaker arrangement, and this stereo loudspeaker arrangement is characterised in that:

First the raise one's voice part and second raise one's voice directivity is partly all arranged with what above-mentioned second loud speaker of loudspeaker arrangement constituted that constitutes with above-mentioned first loud speaker of loudspeaker arrangement by above-mentioned L channel by above-mentioned R channel, this directivity is that the combination of the amphicheirality by having peak response on the main shaft of the place ahead of loud speaker and isotropic directivity respectively obtains

Above-mentioned L channel is installed in the audio amplifier respectively with first loud speaker of loudspeaker arrangement and above-mentioned R channel second loud speaker with loudspeaker arrangement, and makes main shaft separately reach clockwise direction first angle that tilts respectively in the counterclockwise direction with respect to the frontal of audio amplifier;

Above-mentioned L channel is raised one's voice part and above-mentioned R channel with above-mentioned second of the loudspeaker arrangement part of raising one's voice with first of loudspeaker arrangement,

Respectively loud speaker is installed on the end face of audio amplifier, on the end face different, is provided with the sound wave emission port that utilizes sound-resistance material to cover simultaneously with an above-mentioned end face of above-mentioned audio amplifier,

The acoustic capacitance, the acoustic resistance of above-mentioned sound wave emission port and the low-frequency filter that acoustic mass constitutes sound equipment that present by the air in the above-mentioned audio amplifier,

Utilize by above-mentioned low-frequency filter from the above-mentioned group delay time of sound wave emission port emitting sound wave in passband, making from the front of above-mentioned loud speaker and the synthetic sound pressing element of these two sound source emitting sound wave of sound wave emission port has directivity, and this directivity is to obtain by isotropic directivity that has peak response on the main shaft of the place ahead of above-mentioned loud speaker and amphitropic combination.

2. stereo loudspeaker arrangement according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

Above-mentioned first angle is 40 °～50 °.

3. stereo loudspeaker arrangement, it is made of with loudspeaker arrangement with loudspeaker arrangement and R channel L channel, above-mentioned L channel has first and second loud speaker that makes the regeneration of L channel voice signal with loudspeaker arrangement, above-mentioned R channel has the 3rd and the 4th loud speaker that makes the right channel sound signal regeneration with loudspeaker arrangement, and this stereo loudspeaker arrangement is characterised in that:

First the raise one's voice part and second raise one's voice directivity is partly all arranged with what above-mentioned the 4th loud speaker of loudspeaker arrangement constituted that constitutes with above-mentioned second loud speaker of loudspeaker arrangement by above-mentioned L channel by above-mentioned R channel, this directivity is that the combination of the amphicheirality by having peak response on the main shaft of the place ahead of loud speaker and isotropic directivity respectively obtains

Above-mentioned L channel is installed in the audio amplifier respectively with above-mentioned first loud speaker of loudspeaker arrangement and above-mentioned R channel above-mentioned the 3rd loud speaker with loudspeaker arrangement, and makes main shaft separately consistent with the frontal of audio amplifier,

Above-mentioned L channel is installed in the audio amplifier respectively with above-mentioned second loud speaker of loudspeaker arrangement and above-mentioned R channel above-mentioned the 4th loud speaker with loudspeaker arrangement, and makes main shaft separately reach clockwise direction first angle that tilts respectively in the counterclockwise direction with respect to the frontal of audio amplifier.

4. stereo loudspeaker arrangement according to claim 3 is characterized in that:

Above-mentioned L channel is raised one's voice part and above-mentioned R channel with above-mentioned second of the loudspeaker arrangement part of raising one's voice with first of loudspeaker arrangement

5. stereo loudspeaker arrangement according to claim 3 is characterized in that:

Above-mentioned first angle is 40 °～50 °.

6. stereo loudspeaker arrangement, it is made of with loudspeaker arrangement with loudspeaker arrangement and R channel L channel, above-mentioned L channel has first loud speaker that makes the regeneration of L channel voice signal and second loud speaker that makes the surround sound signal regeneration with loudspeaker arrangement, above-mentioned R channel has the 3rd loud speaker that makes the right channel sound signal regeneration and the 4th loud speaker that makes the surround sound signal regeneration with loudspeaker arrangement, and this stereo loudspeaker arrangement is characterised in that:

Above-mentioned L channel is installed in the audio amplifier with above-mentioned first loud speaker of loudspeaker arrangement and above-mentioned R channel above-mentioned the 3rd loud speaker with loudspeaker arrangement, and make main shaft separately reach clockwise direction first angle that tilts respectively in the counterclockwise direction with respect to the frontal of audio amplifier

Above-mentioned L channel is installed in the audio amplifier with above-mentioned second loud speaker of loudspeaker arrangement and above-mentioned R channel above-mentioned the 4th loud speaker with loudspeaker arrangement, and making separately main shaft reach clockwise direction respectively in the counterclockwise direction with respect to the frontal of audio amplifier tilts and the second identical or different angle of above-mentioned first angle

First the raise one's voice part and second raise one's voice that directivity, this directivity are all arranged is the combination acquisition of the amphicheirality by having peak response on the main shaft of the place ahead of loud speaker and isotropic directivity respectively to part with what above-mentioned the 3rd loud speaker of loudspeaker arrangement constituted that constitutes with above-mentioned first loud speaker of loudspeaker arrangement by above-mentioned L channel by above-mentioned R channel.

7. stereo loudspeaker arrangement according to claim 6 is characterized in that:

8. stereo loudspeaker arrangement according to claim 6 is characterized in that:

Above-mentioned first and second angle is 40 °～50 °.

9. stereo loudspeaker arrangement according to claim 6 is characterized in that:

Use in the loudspeaker arrangement at above-mentioned L channel, above-mentioned first loud speaker and above-mentioned second loud speaker that makes the surround sound signal regeneration that makes the regeneration of L channel voice signal of dual-purpose,

Use in the loudspeaker arrangement above-mentioned the 3rd loud speaker and above-mentioned the 4th loud speaker that makes the surround sound signal regeneration that makes the right channel sound signal regeneration of dual-purpose at above-mentioned R channel.

10. stereo loudspeaker arrangement, it is made of with loudspeaker arrangement with loudspeaker arrangement and R channel L channel, above-mentioned L channel has first and second loud speaker that makes the regeneration of L channel voice signal and the 3rd loud speaker that makes the surround sound signal regeneration with loudspeaker arrangement, above-mentioned R channel has the 4th and the 5th loud speaker that makes the right channel sound signal regeneration and the 6th loud speaker that makes the surround sound signal regeneration with loudspeaker arrangement, and this stereo loudspeaker arrangement is characterised in that:

Above-mentioned L channel is installed in the audio amplifier with above-mentioned first loud speaker of loudspeaker arrangement and above-mentioned R channel above-mentioned the 4th loud speaker with loudspeaker arrangement, and makes main shaft separately consistent with the frontal of audio amplifier,

Above-mentioned L channel is installed in the audio amplifier with above-mentioned second loud speaker of loudspeaker arrangement and above-mentioned R channel above-mentioned the 5th loud speaker with loudspeaker arrangement, and make main shaft separately reach clockwise direction first angle that tilts respectively in the counterclockwise direction with respect to the frontal of audio amplifier

Above-mentioned L channel is installed in the audio amplifier with above-mentioned the 3rd loud speaker of loudspeaker arrangement and above-mentioned R channel above-mentioned the 6th loud speaker with loudspeaker arrangement, and making separately main shaft reach clockwise direction respectively in the counterclockwise direction with respect to the frontal of audio amplifier tilts and the second identical or different angle of above-mentioned first angle

First the raise one's voice part and second raise one's voice that directivity, this directivity are all arranged is the combination acquisition of the amphicheirality by having peak response on the main shaft of the place ahead of loud speaker and isotropic directivity respectively to part with what above-mentioned the 5th loud speaker of loudspeaker arrangement constituted that constitutes with above-mentioned second loud speaker of loudspeaker arrangement by above-mentioned L channel by above-mentioned R channel.

11. stereo loudspeaker arrangement according to claim 10 is characterized in that:

Utilize by above-mentioned low-frequency filter from the above-mentioned group delay time of sound wave emission port emitting sound wave in passband, making from the front of above-mentioned second loud speaker and the synthetic sound pressing element of these two sound source emitting sound wave of sound wave emission port has directivity, and this directivity is to obtain by isotropic directivity that has peak response on the main shaft of the place ahead of above-mentioned second loud speaker and amphitropic combination.

12. stereo loudspeaker arrangement according to claim 10 is characterized in that:

Above-mentioned first and second angle is 40 °～50 °.

13. stereo loudspeaker arrangement according to claim 10 is characterized in that:

Use in the loudspeaker arrangement at above-mentioned L channel, above-mentioned second loud speaker and above-mentioned the 3rd loud speaker that makes the surround sound signal regeneration that makes the regeneration of L channel voice signal of dual-purpose,

Use in the loudspeaker arrangement above-mentioned the 5th loud speaker and above-mentioned the 6th loud speaker that makes the surround sound signal regeneration that makes the right channel sound signal regeneration of dual-purpose at above-mentioned R channel.