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CN117564818A - High-precision grinding method for inner end face and standard block for grinding and method for preparing standard block - Google Patents

High-precision grinding method for inner end face and standard block for grinding and method for preparing standard block Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117564818A
CN117564818A CN202311672829.1A CN202311672829A CN117564818A CN 117564818 A CN117564818 A CN 117564818A CN 202311672829 A CN202311672829 A CN 202311672829A CN 117564818 A CN117564818 A CN 117564818A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
grinding
inner end
standard block
ground
face
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Pending
Application number
CN202311672829.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
镇咸生
黄春云
周腾
靳磊
黑格
杨宇
曾鲸力
谢廷勋
田孟良
付勇
杨浩
杨新建
李东
刘宇
宋文治
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AECC Guizhou Liyang Aviation Power Co Ltd
Original Assignee
AECC Guizhou Liyang Aviation Power Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AECC Guizhou Liyang Aviation Power Co Ltd filed Critical AECC Guizhou Liyang Aviation Power Co Ltd
Priority to CN202311672829.1A priority Critical patent/CN117564818A/en
Publication of CN117564818A publication Critical patent/CN117564818A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
    • B24B27/0076—Other grinding machines or devices grinding machines comprising two or more grinding tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B7/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B7/10—Single-purpose machines or devices
    • B24B7/16—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding end-faces, e.g. of gauges, rollers, nuts, piston rings
    • B24B7/17—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding end-faces, e.g. of gauges, rollers, nuts, piston rings for simultaneously grinding opposite and parallel end faces, e.g. double disc grinders

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-precision grinding method for an inner end surface and a standard block for grinding and a standard block preparation method, wherein a part to be ground is placed between an upper grinding disc and a lower grinding disc of a double-sided grinder, a standard block for grinding with two parallel plane end surfaces is additionally placed in a closed space formed between the inner end surface of the part to be ground and the lower grinding disc, and then the double-sided, short-time, high-rotating-speed and flat grinding without participation of grinding fluid is carried out on the part to be ground through the upper grinding disc and the lower grinding disc, so that one plane end surface of the standard block for grinding is in contact grinding with the inner end surface of the part to be ground. The standard block for grinding is prepared by adopting silicon carbide ceramics and a diamond film after double-sided grinding. The invention solves the problem of high-precision grinding of the inner end surface of the part.

Description

High-precision grinding method for inner end face, standard block for grinding and preparation method of standard block
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of machining, and particularly relates to a high-precision grinding method for an inner end surface and a matched standard grinding block and a preparation method for the standard grinding block.
Background
A part as shown in fig. 1 needs to be ground on its inner end surface (the inner end surface is opposite to the outer end surface, when the end surface of the part is not a complete plane but a part of the end surface is recessed toward the inner side of the part, the bottom surface of the recess is the inner end surface, and the end surface of the non-recess is called the outer end surface), and in the grinding process of the inner end surface with high precision (flatness of 0.0012), high heat (energy) is generated when the grinding motion removes metal, and almost all the energy is concentrated in the grinding area. Such generated high temperatures may cause various forms of thermal damage to the surface of the part, such as burns, detrimental surface tensile stresses, tissue (metallographic) transformations, modification of the surface layer that may occur (formation of a secondary quench layer, or surface annealing softening, etc.), surface cracking and reduction of fatigue strength, surface deformation due to thermal expansion. Under the condition of grinding the outer end face, effective measures can be taken to reduce harm, and for the inner end face, how to grind the inner end face with high quality becomes a difficult problem because heat is not easy to dissipate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-precision grinding method for an inner end surface, a standard block for grinding and a standard block preparation method, which can effectively solve the problems existing in the existing inner end surface grinding, and achieve the purposes of short grinding time, high speed, good grinding effect and extremely low heat productivity.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the high-precision grinding method for the inner end surface comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of placing a part to be ground between an upper grinding disc and a lower grinding disc of a double-sided grinder, additionally placing a standard grinding block with two parallel plane end faces in a closed space formed between the inner end face of the part to be ground and the lower grinding disc, and then carrying out double-sided, short-time, high-rotating-speed and flat grinding without the participation of grinding fluid on the part to be ground through the upper grinding disc and the lower grinding disc, so that one plane end face of the standard grinding block is contacted with the inner end face of the part to be ground and is ground.
Further, the parallelism and the flatness of the two parallel plane end faces of the standard grinding block are smaller than those of the inner end face of the part to be ground, namely the precision is higher.
Further, the surfaces of the upper grinding disc and the lower grinding disc are flannelette without abrasive particles.
Further, the diamond coating is arranged on the plane end face of the standard grinding block, which is contacted with the inner end face of the part to be ground.
The material density of the standard block for grinding is smaller than that of the part to be ground.
The standard block for grinding the inner end face comprises a base body, wherein the maximum outer diameter of the base body is smaller than the minimum inner diameter of a closed space formed between the inner end face and the outer end face of a part to be ground, and the base body comprises two parallel plane end faces.
Further, the base body is annular.
Further, the matrix is made of silicon carbide ceramic.
The preparation method of the standard block for grinding the inner end face comprises the following steps:
selecting the material of a standard block for grinding, and determining the maximum outer diameter of the standard block for grinding according to the minimum inner diameter of a closed space formed between the inner end surface and the outer end surface of a part to be ground;
step two, placing the substrate on a double-sided grinder, and carrying out double-sided flat grinding on two parallel plane end surfaces of the substrate by using an upper grinding disc and a lower grinding disc with abrasive particles;
step three, cleaning the substrate subjected to double-sided flat grinding;
and step four, optionally carrying out diamond coating treatment on one of two parallel plane end surfaces on the substrate.
Further, in the second step, the parallelism and the flatness of the two parallel plane end surfaces after double-sided flat grinding are smaller than the parallelism and the flatness requirements of the inner end surfaces of the parts to be ground.
The invention adopts the standard block coated with the diamond ultra-thin film layer for grinding to realize the high-precision grinding of the inner end surface of the part, and solves the difficult problem of grinding the inner end surface.
The invention skillfully adopts the double-sided grinding machine for grinding the outer end surface, and realizes the grinding of the inner end surface with high precision by preparing the diamond film grinding standard block which is higher than the requirement of the workpiece flatness, has good cutting effect and can be ground in a dry way (without the participation of grinding fluid).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics:
(1) Because the short-time and high-rotation-speed dry grinding is adopted, heat generated by grinding is not accumulated to the extent that the performance of the part is affected (the generated heat quantity is extremely small and is insufficient for quickly heating the part), the inner end surface reaches the required flatness, and therefore the high-temperature damage caused by overlarge accumulated heat and concentrated heat during the traditional long-time grinding is well solved;
(2) The standard block for grinding is provided with two parallel plane end surfaces, the material density is lower than that of the part (the standard block for grinding is light), the standard block for grinding is in a floating state under the driving of the grinding disc of the double-sided grinder, only the diamond coating layer is in contact with the inner end surface of the part to be ground during grinding, and the surface of the lower grinding disc is not in contact with the plane end surface of the standard block for grinding;
(3) Because the maximum outer diameter of the standard block for grinding is smaller than the minimum inner diameter of a closed space formed between the inner end surface and the outer end surface of the part to be ground, the standard block for grinding rotates at high speed to grind the inner end surface and translates along the plane of the inner end surface, so that all the inner end surface is ground randomly and uniformly (because the standard block for grinding is light, the grinding time is extremely short, and the final planeness is not affected by collision in the translation process);
(4) The thickness of the diamond film layer is very thin, and the planeness and parallelism of the standard block for grinding are not affected;
(5) The diamond film layer is generated in situ on the standard block matrix material (silicon carbide) for grinding, and has good binding force and even distribution;
(6) The standard block for grinding is an integral grinding surface which rotates in parallel with the inner end surface, so that the grinding is more uniform, the heat cannot be concentrated, and the flatness and parallelism are ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a detail drawing of a part requiring grinding of an inner end surface;
FIG. 2 is a graph of a standard block for grinding (silicon carbide ring) after sintering, left side is in an unground state, right side is in a ground state (flatness of 0.0009 after plain crystal inspection);
FIG. 3 is a drawing of a standard block for grinding (silicon carbide ring) after cleaning the coating film, the left side is in a cleaning state, and the right side is in a coating film state;
FIG. 4 is a microscopic topography of a diamond film plated on a standard block for grinding;
fig. 5 is a view showing a state of processing the double-sided grinder.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments, but it should not be construed that the scope of the subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following embodiments, and various modifications, substitutions and alterations made according to the ordinary skill and familiar means of the art to which this invention pertains are included within the scope of the present invention without departing from the above technical idea of the invention.
In order to solve the problem of precise grinding of the inner end face of the part shown in fig. 1, the invention firstly prepares a standard block for grinding, and the preparation method is as follows:
(1) according to the inner diameter of the part required to be ground on the inner end face, an annular silicon carbide ceramic block with an outer diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the part is custom-made and sintered as a base body (if the inner end face is completely circular, the plane end face of the standard block for grinding is also selected to be circular), as shown in the left graph (not ground) of fig. 2. For example, a silicon carbide ring body having an outer diameter of 212mm and an inner diameter of 188mm (an inner diameter of 215mm and an inner diameter of 192mm on an inner end surface of a part in FIG. 1) is sintered at a temperature of 2300 to 2400 ℃, and the density of the silicon carbide ring body is not less than 115g/cm 3 ；
(2) Placing the annular silicon carbide ceramic blocks into a double-sided grinder, and carrying out double-sided precise flat grinding by using an upper grinding disc and a lower grinding disc with abrasive particles, wherein the parallelism of the upper plane and the lower plane of a substrate is less than or equal to 0.01, and the flatness is less than or equal to 0.001, as shown in the right graph of fig. 2 (the flatness is 0.0009 after grinding and flat crystal inspection);
(3) cleaning and purifying the matrix (including degreasing with cleaning agent, drying, etc.);
(4) preparing an ultrathin diamond film on one of the two surfaces of the substrate after flat grinding, for example, depositing a diamond film with the thickness of 1 um-5 um on one plane end surface of the substrate by adopting a chemical vapor deposition method (the thickness of the film is uniform, the flatness and parallelism of the substrate are not affected), the macroscopic morphology of the film is shown in the right graph of fig. 3, and the microscopic morphology is shown in fig. 4.
As shown in fig. 5, the part to be ground on the inner end surface is buckled on the prepared standard block for grinding, the inner end surface to be ground is contacted with the plane end surface of the diamond coated standard block for grinding, and then the parts are put on a double-sided grinding machine together, and double-sided precise flat grinding is carried out by using a flannelette pad (i.e. an upper grinding disc and a lower grinding disc without abrasive particles).
What is not described in detail in the description of the invention belongs to the prior art known to those skilled in the art. While the foregoing describes illustrative embodiments of the present invention to facilitate an understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, but is to be construed as protected by the accompanying claims insofar as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1.内端面高精密度磨削方法，其特征在于，包括：1. High-precision grinding method of inner end face, which is characterized by including: 在双面研磨机的上磨盘和下磨盘之间放置待磨削零件，并在待磨削零件的内端面与下磨盘之间形成的封闭空间内额外放置一块具有两个平行平面端面的磨削用标准块，然后通过上磨盘和下磨盘对待磨削零件实施双面、短时间、高转速、可无磨削液参与的平磨，使得磨削用标准块的一个平面端面与待磨削零件的内端面接触并磨削。Place the part to be ground between the upper grinding disc and the lower grinding disc of the double-sided grinder, and place an additional grinding piece with two parallel plane end surfaces in the closed space formed between the inner end surface of the part to be ground and the lower grinding disc. Use a standard block, and then use the upper grinding disc and the lower grinding disc to perform double-sided, short-time, high-speed, flat grinding without the participation of grinding fluid, so that a flat end face of the standard block for grinding is in contact with the part to be ground. The inner end surface is contacted and ground. 2.根据权利要求1所述的内端面高精密度磨削方法，其特征在于：所述磨削用标准块的两个平行平面端面的平行度和平面度均小于待磨削零件内端面的平行度和平面度。2. The method for high-precision grinding of inner end faces according to claim 1, characterized in that: the parallelism and flatness of the two parallel plane end faces of the grinding standard block are both smaller than that of the inner end face of the part to be ground. Parallelism and flatness. 3.根据权利要求1所述的内端面高精密度磨削方法，其特征在于：所述上磨盘和下磨盘的表面为无磨粒的绒布。3. The high-precision grinding method of the inner end surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: the surfaces of the upper grinding disc and the lower grinding disc are made of flannel without abrasive particles. 4.根据权利要求1所述的内端面高精密度磨削方法，其特征在于：所述磨削用标准块与待磨削零件的内端面接触的平面端面上设置有金刚石涂层。4. The method for high-precision grinding of inner end surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that a diamond coating is provided on the flat end surface of the grinding standard block in contact with the inner end surface of the part to be ground. 5.根据权利要求1所述的内端面高精密度磨削方法，其特征在于：所述磨削用标准块的材料密度小于待磨削零件的材料密度。5. The method for high-precision grinding of inner end faces according to claim 1, characterized in that: the material density of the grinding standard block is smaller than the material density of the parts to be ground. 6.内端面磨削用标准块，其特征在于：包括基体，所述基体的最大外径小于待磨削零件的内端面与外端面之间形成的封闭空间的最小内径，基体上包含两个平行平面端面。6. Standard block for inner end face grinding, characterized in that: it includes a base body, the maximum outer diameter of the base body is smaller than the minimum inner diameter of the closed space formed between the inner end face and the outer end face of the part to be ground, and the base body contains two Parallel plane end faces. 7.根据权利要求6所述的内端面磨削用标准块，其特征在于：所述基体为环形。7. The standard block for inner end surface grinding according to claim 6, characterized in that: the base body is annular. 8.根据权利要求6所述的内端面磨削用标准块，其特征在于：所述基体为碳化硅陶瓷材质。8. The standard block for inner end surface grinding according to claim 6, characterized in that: the base body is made of silicon carbide ceramic material. 9.如权利要求6所述的内端面磨削用标准块的制备方法，其特征在于，包括：9. The method for preparing a standard block for internal end surface grinding according to claim 6, characterized in that it includes: 步骤一，选择磨削用标准块的材质，并根据待磨削零件的内端面与外端面之间形成的封闭空间的最小内径确定磨削用标准块的最大外径；Step 1: Select the material of the standard block for grinding, and determine the maximum outer diameter of the standard block for grinding based on the minimum inner diameter of the closed space formed between the inner end face and the outer end face of the part to be ground; 步骤二，将基体放置在双面研磨机上，使用带磨粒的上磨盘和下磨盘对基体的两个平行平面端面进行双面平磨；Step 2: Place the base body on a double-sided grinder, and use the upper and lower grinding discs with abrasive grains to perform double-sided flat grinding on the two parallel plane end surfaces of the base body; 步骤三，对双面平磨后的基体进行洁净化处理；Step 3: Clean the substrate after double-sided flat grinding; 步骤四，任选基体上两个平行平面端面中的一个进行金刚石镀膜处理。Step 4: Select one of the two parallel plane end surfaces on the substrate for diamond coating treatment. 10.根据权利要求9所述的内端面磨削用标准块的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤二中，两个平行平面端面在双面平磨后的平行度和平面度均小于待磨削零件的内端面的平行度和平面度要求。10. The method for preparing a standard block for internal end face grinding according to claim 9, characterized in that: in the second step, the parallelism and flatness of the two parallel plane end faces after double-sided flat grinding are both smaller than that of the standard block to be ground. Parallelism and flatness requirements for the inner end face of ground parts.
CN202311672829.1A 2023-12-07 2023-12-07 High-precision grinding method for inner end face and standard block for grinding and method for preparing standard block Pending CN117564818A (en)

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