CN117306903A - A composite roof tile - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite roof tile. The composite roof tile is composed of a phase change module and a water storage module. It can be laid directly on the roof, has a short construction period and does not require maintenance and management. It adopts phase change material latent heat storage to reduce the cost of the roof. temperature, thereby reducing the inner roof surface temperature and solving indoor radiation discomfort. It has good thermal insulation effect in winter and summer, reduces building energy consumption, and has certain economic and ecological benefits.

Description

A composite roof tile

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of building energy conservation, and in particular to a composite roof tile.

Background technique

The heat gain and heat dissipation of the roof accounts for about 40% of the indoor heat gain and heat dissipation of the top room. Winters are cold and summers are hot and even muggy. In order to improve the indoor thermal environment, it is often necessary to consume more energy than other floors. The indoor thermal environment affects thermal comfort. In summer, the temperature of the roof is high, and the people in the room feel uneven heat radiation, giving them a toasty feeling, and the thermal comfort is poor. In winter, the temperature of the roof is low, and the people in the room also feel the influence of cold radiation, making them uncomfortable. , Therefore, lowering the temperature of the inner roof of the roof in summer and increasing the temperature of the inner roof of the roof in winter will help improve the indoor thermal environment and improve indoor thermal comfort. To prevent the temperature on the inner roof of the roof from being too high in summer and too low in winter, improving the thermal insulation performance of the roof is a good solution.

At present, the main roof insulation measures for existing buildings include overhead ventilation, applying thermal insulation coatings, and installing awnings. Due to years of disrepair, many overhead ventilation roofs have been severely damaged and cannot function as ventilation and heat insulation. As its service life increases, the thermal insulation coating ages and loses its thermal insulation effect. Due to potential safety hazards, high-rise buildings are not allowed to install awnings; due to changing weather conditions, awnings are gradually banned in multi-story buildings. The improvement of the stable and thermal insulation performance of existing building roofs has encountered a bottleneck. During roof energy-saving renovation, the best effect is to add green planting roofs or water storage. However, green planting roofs require manual management and cultivation of plants, which is costly; water storage The roof has changed the original function of the roof for people, and needs to be waterproofed again. Considering the load-bearing problem, the roof can only store water in a shallow layer, and the heat insulation effect is limited. Both green planting and water storage roofs have problems such as long construction period, disturbing residents and high maintenance costs. It is currently difficult to promote them.

In order to get rid of the dilemma of roof renovation of existing buildings, some patents have appeared one after another for improving the thermal insulation performance of roofs, such as "A water-storage double-layer thermal insulation roof tile" (Patent No.: 2010105871072), which uses independent storage The water module solves the problem of long roof water storage renovation period. However, due to the influence of solar radiation, the water temperature in the water storage bricks is still very high in summer, and downward heat transfer still causes a large amount of cooling load; in winter, to prevent freezing, water is often not stored in the bricks, and the thermal insulation performance is also greatly reduced. Therefore, there are still outstanding problems with water storage alone. It is imperative to improve the thermal insulation performance of building roofs.

In order to solve the current bottleneck problem in improving the thermal insulation performance of roofs, a composite roof tile is proposed, which can be laid directly on the roof with a short construction period; it relies on rainwater storage and does not require maintenance and management; it uses phase change materials to reduce the temperature of the roof. Thereby reducing the inner roof surface temperature and solving indoor radiation discomfort. The main body of this composite roof tile is composed of two parts: a phase change material module and a water storage module. The water storage module is placed at the bottom and the phase change material module is placed at the top. The phase change material module is mainly composed of a cover and a phase change material pool; the water storage module is mainly composed of a water storage tank. The upper part of the phase change material module is provided with a cover to prevent rainwater or other pollutants from entering the phase change material pool. There is a slope on the cover, and the circular hole in the middle of the slope is conducive to collecting rainwater. The circular hole passes through the phase change material pool and leads to the reservoir. A certain height of rainwater can be stored in the reservoir. The phase change material absorbs a large amount of solar radiation heat during the phase change process but can maintain the temperature unchanged. This prevents the water temperature in the reservoir from rising too high in summer, and the maximum temperature does not exceed the temperature of the phase change material, which greatly weakens the temperature. transfer heat into the room. The direction of heat transfer in winter is just the opposite. The phase change material pool is like a thick "constant temperature quilt" covering the roof, and its thermal insulation performance is self-evident.

Currently commonly used non-toxic low-temperature phase change materials include: tetradecanol, with a phase change temperature of 38°C; decanoic acid, with a phase change temperature of 32°C. Literature on the preparation of phase change materials has shown that the phase change temperature will decrease after the two phase change materials are combined. Therefore, two phase change materials can be used alone, or tetradecanol and decanoic acid can be combined in different proportions to meet the needs of different phase change temperatures in different regions. In areas with hot summers and cold winters, the average outdoor temperature during the day in summer is around 35°C, and the average outdoor temperature at night in summer is also maintained at around 25°C. If the phase change temperature is within this range, phase change heat storage can be used during the day and the temperature will not change. Phase change materials dissipate heat at night through temperature differences; in mild areas, the average outdoor temperature during the day is around 40°C, and the average outdoor temperature at night is around 28°C, you need to prepare phase change materials with higher temperatures, or use a certain phase change material alone. ; In severely cold areas, where the temperatures in winter and summer are not too high, a lower temperature phase change material needs to be prepared.

Contents of the invention

The basic idea of the present invention is to invent a composite roof tile that can be manufactured in a factory and assembled on-site in order to solve the problems of long construction period, disturbance to residents, and high later maintenance costs in the energy-saving renovation of existing building roofs. The roof load-bearing capacity of existing buildings has gone through three changes since the regulations were promulgated in 1987. It can be found that the load-bearing range of roofs of existing buildings that can be accessed is 1.5-2kN/m ² , and that of roofs that are not accessible is 0.5 kN. /m ² . In composite roof tiles, the water storage depth and the depth of the phase change material layer cannot be too deep, and the materials of the water storage pool and phase change material pool themselves should also be lightweight materials. The water tank material can be made of lightweight concrete, the phase change material pool can be made of galvanized sheet steel, and the cover can be made of metal or anti-aging plastic. In order to facilitate transportation and construction, both the phase change module and the water storage module are made into a square shape. The four walls of the water storage tank are of equal height, and the phase change material pool above can be placed on it in any direction; four are installed at the bottom of the water tank. The feet are mainly used to drain the overflowing rainwater from the lower part of the reservoir. When the height of the feet is low enough, the air layer between the bottom plate of the reservoir and the roof can form an air layer to transfer heat in the form of thermal conduction. , large thermal resistance and small heat transfer. The upper part of the reservoir is a phase change material pool. There is a cylinder in the center of the phase change material pool, which serves as a channel for rainwater to flow into the reservoir. The four upper side walls of the bottom plate a of the phase change material pool have the same height. There are two left and right supporting plates under the bottom plate a. The thickness of the supporting plates is the same as the thickness of the four side walls. When the phase change material pool is placed on the upper part of the reservoir, there is a certain distance between the water surface and the bottom plate of the material pool. This distance is the height of the support plate of the phase change material pool. The channel formed by the reservoir and the phase change material pool Can be used as a ventilation corridor. To prevent rainwater or pollutants from entering the phase change material pool, cover the phase change material pool. The cover has a certain slope, which can divert rainwater and store it in the lower reservoir on rainy days, saving artificial water replenishment in the reservoir and regulating surface runoff.

The energy-saving principle of the present invention is: in summer, the cover of the phase change material pool has a shading effect, so that solar radiation does not directly act on the phase change material. The phase change material gains relatively less heat, which can reduce the depth of the phase change material; Selecting a phase change material with a lower phase change temperature within a reasonable range can reduce the temperature of the bottom plate of the phase change material pool, thereby reducing the heat transferred to the reservoir. Since there is a certain distance between the phase change material pool and the water surface, It can form a ventilation channel, the water surface has good ventilation conditions, the water evaporates and absorbs heat, and the water temperature decreases, the temperature of the bottom of the reservoir will not be too high, and then the surface temperature of the roof will not be too high. Therefore, there will not be too much heat transferred from the outside into the room, thereby reducing the indoor cooling load and reducing the energy consumed by the building in regulating the indoor thermal environment. At night in summer, when the outdoor temperature drops, the water in the reservoir takes away heat through evaporation and convection heat transfer. The water temperature drops, the roof dissipates heat outwards, the indoor temperature drops, the cooling load is reduced, and the energy consumption of the air conditioner is reduced. In winter, this composite roof tile is generally used in non-icing areas. If used in icing areas, the water in the reservoir can be drained to prevent the reservoir from freezing and cracking, and other structures remain unchanged. The water reservoir and phase change material pool are like a layer of quilt covering the roof, reducing the amount of indoor heat transferred through the roof to the outside, thus playing the role of thermal insulation. The selection of the phase change temperature of the phase change material is based on the phase change that can occur in summer. Then it will always be in a solid state in winter. The thermal conductivity of the solid state phase change material is smaller than the thermal conductivity of the liquid state. Therefore, the phase change material pool starts in winter. Good thermal insulation effect.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a composite roof tile, which is characterized in that the composite roof tile is composed of a phase change module and a water storage module; the phase change module is composed of a phase change material pool, a phase change material, and a cover, and the water storage module It is mainly composed of a reservoir; the reservoir, the phase change material pool, and the cover are all square. The phase change material pool has the same outer contour length as the reservoir, and the side length of the cover is slightly larger than the side length of the phase change material pool. ; From bottom to top, the composite roof tiles are: water reservoir, phase change material pool, and lid; there is a hole a in the center of the lid, and the lower part of hole a is connected to the cylinder a; there is a hole b in the center of the bottom plate a of the phase change material pool, and the hole The upper part of b is connected to cylinder b; the diameter of cylinder b is slightly larger than the diameter of cylinder a, cylinder a is inserted into cylinder b, and the lid completely covers the phase change material pool; the four upper side walls of the bottom plate a of the phase change material pool are of the same height , there are two left and right supporting plates under the bottom plate a, and the thickness of the supporting plates is the same as the thickness of the four side walls; there are four 2cm high square feet perpendicular to the bottom plate b at the lower part of the reservoir; the composite roof tiles The cover has a certain slope, and the slope is toward the hole a in the center of the cover; the phase change material can be tetradecanol, decanoic acid, or a mixture of tetradecanol and decanoic acid in any proportion.

The advantage of the invention is that this composite roof tile is mainly composed of two modules, a phase change material module and a water storage module. These two modules can be used alone or combined. When used alone, the phase change material module has a good thermal insulation effect in winter and summer. In summer, the reservoir can take away radiant heat through evaporation; in winter, it relies on the thermal inertia of water to achieve insulation, even if there is no storage in the reservoir in winter. Water, the material of the reservoir itself also has a certain thermal resistance, which can reduce the heat dissipation from the room to the outside. When these two modules are combined together, the thermal insulation effect is better. There is a slope on the cover, which can collect rainwater, reduce the frequency of manual water replenishment, and even eliminate the need for manual water replenishment. The composite roof tiles can be prefabricated in the factory. The square structure is easy to package and transport. They can be laid directly on the roof. The construction period is short, the cost is low, and almost no maintenance is required.

Description of drawings

This description contains 5 pictures: Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a composite roof tile, Figure 2 is a system diagram of a composite roof tile, Figure 3 is an axonometric view of a composite roof tile cover, Figure 4 is a composite roof tile Isometric view of a phase change material pool. Figure 5 is an isometric view of a composite roof tile reservoir. In the figure, 110. Phase change material pool, 111. Bottom plate a, 112. Cylinder b, 113. Hole b, 114. Support plate, 120. Phase change material, 130. Cover, 131. Cylinder a, 132. Hole a, 210, reservoir, 211, bottom plate, b, 212, feet, 220, water.

Implementation

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. As shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, from bottom to top, the composite roof tiles are a reservoir 210, a phase change material pool 110, and a cover 130; the cover 130 has a certain slope, and the slope direction Rainwater passes through the cylinder a131 in the center of the cover 130 and enters the reservoir 210 below the phase change material pool 110. The cylinder b112 completely covers the cylinder a131.

To assemble the composite roof tiles, first place the reservoir 210 on the roof, fill the reservoir 210 with water 220, then place the phase change material pool 110 on the reservoir 210, and then install the phase change material 120 on it. In the phase change material pool 110, the cover 130 is finally placed on the phase change material pool 110.

Further measures: When materials or funds are limited, water storage modules and phase change modules can be used on the roof alone. The phase change material module has good thermal insulation effect in winter and summer. In summer, the reservoir can take away radiant heat through evaporation; in winter, it relies on the thermal inertia of water to maintain heat. Even if there is no water in the reservoir in winter, it will The material of the pool itself also has a certain thermal resistance, which can reduce the heat dissipation outside the room.

Further measures: When there is a long-term drought, add water manually and add water directly to the cover. The slope of the cover facilitates the direct flow of water into the reservoir to ensure that there is a certain height of water in the reservoir.

Further measures: Prefab a concave and convex groove on the contact surface between the upper edge of the side wall of the reservoir and the lower edge of the side wall of the phase change material pool to prevent the phase change material pool from slipping when the composite roof tile is subjected to lateral shear.

Claims (3)

1. A composite roof brick is characterized in that the composite roof brick consists of a phase change module and a water storage module; the phase change module consists of a phase change material pool (110), phase change materials (120) and a cover (130), and the water storage module mainly consists of a water storage pool (210); the reservoir (210), the phase-change material pool (110) and the cover (130) are square, wherein the side length of the outer outline of the phase-change material pool (110) is the same as that of the reservoir (210), and the side length of the cover (130) is slightly larger than that of the phase-change material pool (110); the composite roof brick comprises the following components in sequence from bottom to top: a reservoir (210), a pool of phase change material (110), a lid (130); the center of the cover (130) is provided with a hole a (132), and the lower part of the hole a (132) is connected with the cylinder a (131); a hole b (113) is arranged in the center of a bottom plate a (111) of the phase change material pool (110), and the upper part of the hole b (113) is connected with a cylinder b (112); the diameter of the cylinder b (112) is slightly larger than that of the cylinder a (131), the cylinder a (131) is inserted into the cylinder b (112), and the cover (130) completely covers the phase change material pool (110); the heights of four side walls at the upper part of a bottom plate a (111) of the phase change material pool (110) are the same, a left support plate and a right support plate (114) are arranged below the bottom plate a (111), and the thickness of the support plates (114) is the same as the thickness of the four side walls; four square support legs (212) which are 2cm high and perpendicular to the bottom plate b (211) are arranged at the lower part of the reservoir (210).

2. A composite roofing tile according to claim 1, characterized in that the cover (130) of the composite roofing tile has a slope, sloping towards the hole a (132) in the centre of the cover (130).

3. A composite roofing tile according to claim 1, characterized in that the phase change material (120) is tetradecanol, decanoic acid, or a mixture of tetradecanol and decanoic acid mixed in any ratio.