CN1172983C - 以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料，其制备方法是：按一定的重量百分比，将淀粉和聚丙烯、聚乙烯加入高速混合机进行混合，再将成核剂、增塑剂、抗氧剂、稳定剂、防水剂、吸湿剂、润滑剂和脱模剂等组分加入高速混合机进行高速混合，放料进入冷却混合机进行冷却运行，出料，得到所需粉料，将粉料送入全降解仿纸片材挤出成型设备，制成所需全降解仿纸片材。本全降解仿纸材料组分新颖，制备简单，特别是无毒、无公害，可完全生物降解，焚烧后无熔滴物，可用于制作各种一次性包装容器或其它制品，还可作为各种一次性图文信息的印制载体。
Description
技术领域 本发明涉及淀粉、直链淀粉或支链淀粉或它们的衍生物或降解产物的组合物，以及含有高分子物质的薄膜或片材的制造，尤其涉及一种以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料及其制备方法。
背景技术 现有广泛用于包装业的塑料，不能自降解，其废弃物严重污染人类和动植物的生存环境。在石油化学塑料中掺入淀粉一类的天然可降解大分子，可以缩短塑料降解的周期，其实只是在外形上破碎。目前，尚未见有真正的全降解塑料。另一种以完全可降解的天然纤维素材料制成的纸容器，存在耐水性、耐油性差，成本高，强度低的缺陷，应用范围有限，而且，纸制品的生产对水和大气的污染，比塑料制品的生产要严重几倍或几十倍。
发明内容 为弥补现有技术存在的缺陷，本发明提出一种以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料及其制备方法。采用的技术方案如下：
这种以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料，成品厚度为0.25～2.50毫米，其特征是各组分和重量百分比含量分别是：
淀粉52.08～76.92％；
聚丙烯10.07～24.60％；
聚乙烯2.42～10.17％；
碳酰胺或ε-己内酰胺0.63～3.54％；
取代二(苯亚甲基)山梨醇0.08～0.60％；
聚酯增塑剂0.23～1.79％；
环氧大豆油、甘油或复合甘油1.55～4.17％；
2，2-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、三(2，4-二叔丁基苯)亚磷酸脂或四[β-(3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基)苯丙酸]季戊四醇酯0.38～1.80％；
硬脂酸锌、硬脂酸钙分别是0.39～2.38％和0.77～2.40％，或分别是0.77～2.40％和0.39～2.38％；
微晶蜡或石蜡0.78～2.63％；
滑石粉0.78～2.98％；
硬脂酸0.23～1.79％。
上述淀粉可以是玉米淀粉，也可以是马铃薯淀粉，还可以是稻麦淀粉；
上述碳酰胺和ε-己内酰胺是成核剂；
上述取代二(苯亚甲基)山梨醇是能改善制品透明度的成核剂；
上述聚酯增塑剂是耐久性增塑剂；
上述环氧大豆油、甘油和复合甘油是耐候性增塑剂，即抗冻剂；
上述2，2-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、三(2，4-二叔丁基苯)亚磷酸脂和四[β-(3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基)苯丙酸]季戊四醇酯是抗氧剂；
上述硬脂酸锌、硬脂酸钙可分别作为稳定剂、吸湿剂，或分别作为吸湿剂、稳定剂；
上述微晶蜡和石蜡是防水剂；
上述滑石粉是润滑剂；
上述硬脂酸是脱模剂。
上述以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料的制备方法，其特征是依次有以下工序：
步骤一：将重量百分比为52.08～76.92％的淀粉和10.07～24.60％聚丙烯、2.42～10.17％的聚乙烯加入高速混合机进行混合，运行时间为1～2分钟，高速混合机转速为80～120转/分钟，机内温度为95～120℃；
步骤二：再将0.63～3.54％的碳酰胺或ε-己内酰胺0.08～0.60％的取代二(苯亚甲基)山梨醇，0.23～1.79％的聚酯增塑剂，1.55～4.17％的环氧大豆油、甘油或复合甘油，0.38～1.80％的2，2-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、三(2，4-二叔丁基苯)亚磷酸脂或四[β-(3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基)苯丙酸]季戊四醇酯，分别是0.39～2.38％和0.77～2.40％或分别是0.77～2.40％和0.39～2.38％的硬脂酸锌、硬脂酸钙，0.78～2.63％的微晶蜡或石蜡，0.78～2.98％的滑石粉，以及0.23～1.79％的硬脂酸，加入高速混合机进行高速混合，运行时间为25～35分钟，高速混合机转速为700～860转/分钟；
步骤三：放料进入冷却混合机进行冷却，运行时间为5～10分钟，冷却混合机转速为50～100转/分钟；
步骤四：出料，即得到所需粉料；
步骤五：将粉料计量送入由双螺杆挤出机、带有与机筒相连接的增压连接组件的衣架式机头模具、三辊压光机、切边组件、冷却组件、牵引机和收卷机组成的全降解仿纸片材挤出成型设备，双螺杆挤出机的螺杆转速为300～400转/分钟，机内各职能段的温度分别为140～185℃，整个过程依序为输送混炼、剪切塑化、脱水排气、增压挤出、压光切边、冷却牵引和收卷成品。
本发明以具有良好生物降解性能的高分子化合物——淀粉为主要成分，加入可生物降解的聚合物，在特定的温度、压力下混炼，并在混合体中添加成核剂、增塑剂、抗氧剂、稳定剂、防水剂、吸湿剂、润滑剂和脱模剂，通过物理与化学改性，进行分子结构修饰与自组复合，从耐高温、耐水、耐油、耐渗漏、抗冲击强度、不变形、柔韧性等方面，提高其适用性能，并使其在生物环境中被腐蚀、吸收、降解、磨损和失效，从而达到全降解的目的。
本发明对照现有技术的有益效果是，组分新颖，配料科学，制备简单，成本较低，特别是无毒、无公害，可完全生物降解，废弃后可用作堆肥，也可作为蘑菇类食用菌或其它无土栽培物的培养基组分，焚烧后为白色灰烬，无熔滴物。本发明的仿纸材料耐热性、耐水性、耐油性好，可热压成型，可广泛应用于制作各种一次性包装容器尤其是食品容器，或其它制品，本发明的仿纸材料耐候性、适印性佳，还可广泛作为各种一次性图文信息尤其是广告的印制载体。
具体实施方式
一种以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料及其制备方法
该全降解仿纸材料的制备方法，依次有以下工序：
步骤一：将重量百分比为62％的玉米淀粉和20％的聚丙烯、7％的聚乙烯加入高速混合机进行混合，运行时间为2分钟，高速混合机转速为100转/分钟，机内温度为110℃；
步骤二：再将1.8％的碳酰胺，0.2％的取代二(苯亚甲基)山梨醇，2.5％的环氧大豆油，0.65％的聚酯增塑剂，0.5％的2，2-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)，0.7％的硬脂酸锌，1.5％的微晶蜡，1.3％的硬脂酸钙，1.0％的滑石粉和0.85％的硬脂酸，加入高速混合机进行高速混合，运行时间为30分钟，高速混合机转速为800转/分钟；
步骤三：放料进入冷却混合机进行冷却，运行时间为8分钟，冷却混合机转速为80转/分钟；
步骤四：出料，即得到所需粉料；
步骤五：将粉料计量送入由双螺杆挤出机、带有与机筒相连接的增压连接组件的衣架式机头模具、三辊压光机、切边组件、冷却组件、牵引机和收卷机组成的全降解仿纸片材挤出成型设备，双螺杆挤出机的螺杆转速为360转/分钟，机内各职能段的温度分别为140～185℃，整个过程依序为输送混炼、剪切塑化、脱水排气、增压挤出、压光切边、冷却牵引和收卷成品。
经上述工序后得到一种全降解仿纸材料，它以玉米淀粉为基料，成品厚度为0.50毫米，各组分和百分比含量分别是，玉米淀粉62％，聚丙烯20％，聚乙烯，碳酰胺1.8％，取代二(苯亚甲基)山梨醇0.2％，环氧大豆油2.5％，聚酯增塑剂0.65％，2，2-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)0.5％，硬脂酸锌0.7％，微晶蜡1.5％，硬脂酸钙1.3％，滑石粉1.0％，硬脂酸0.85％。
该成卷仿纸片材用于制作一次性餐具，具有外在感观好，色泽鲜艳，耐高温可达到110℃、耐低温可达到零下18℃，其降解性能优于现有的纸餐盒和纤维餐盒，是快餐行业包装的优选替代材料。
Claims (3)
1、一种以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料，其特征是各组分和重量百分比含量分别是：淀粉52.08～76.92％；聚丙烯10.07～24.60％；聚乙烯2.42～10.17％；碳酰胺或ε-己内酰胺0.63～3.54％；取代二(苯亚甲基)山梨醇0.08～0.60％；聚酯增塑剂0.23～1.79％；环氧大豆油、甘油或复合甘油1.55～4.17％；2，2-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、三(2，4-二叔丁基苯)亚磷酸脂或四[β-(3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基)苯丙酸]季戊四醇酯0.38～1.80％；硬脂酸锌、硬脂酸钙各0.39～2.38％和0.77～2.40％或各0.77～2.40％和0.39～2.38％；微晶蜡或石蜡0.78～2.63％；滑石粉0.78～2.98％；硬脂酸0.23～1.79％。
2、根据权利要求1所述的以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料，其特征是所述淀粉是玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉或稻麦淀粉。
3、根据权利要求1所述的以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料的制备方法，其特征是依次有以下工序：
步骤一：将重量百分比为52.08～76.92％的淀粉和10.07～24.60％聚丙烯、2.42～10.17％的聚乙烯加入高速混合机进行混合，运行时间为1～2分钟，高速混合机转速为80～120转/分钟，机内温度为95～120℃；
步骤二：再将0.63～3.54％的碳酰胺或ε-己内酰胺，0.08～0.60％的取代二(苯亚甲基)山梨醇，0.2 3～1.79％的聚酯增塑剂，1.55～4.17％的环氧大豆油、甘油或复合甘油，0.38～1.80％的2，2-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、三(2，4-二叔丁基苯)亚磷酸脂或四[β-(3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基)苯丙酸]季戊四醇酯，分别是0.39～2.38％和0.77～2.40％或分别是0.77～2.40％和0.39～2.38％的硬脂酸锌、硬脂酸钙，0.78～2.63％的微晶蜡或石蜡，0.78～2.98％的滑石粉，以及0.23～1.79％的硬脂酸，加入高速混合机进行高速混合，运行时间为25～35分钟，高速混合机转速为700～860转/分钟；
步骤三：放料进入冷却混合机进行冷却，运行时间为5～10分钟，冷却混合机转速为50～100转/分钟；
步骤四：出料，即得到所需粉料；
步骤五：将粉料计量送入由双螺杆挤出机、带有与机筒相连接的增压连接组件的衣架式机头模具、三辊压光机、切边组件、冷却组件、牵引机和收卷机组成的全降解仿纸片材挤出成型设备，双螺杆挤出机的螺杆转速为300～400转/分钟，机内各职能段的温度分别为140～185℃，整个过程依序为输送混炼、剪切塑化、脱水排气、增压挤出、压光切边、冷却牵引和收卷成品。
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB021308985A CN1172983C (zh) | 2002-10-28 | 2002-10-28 | 以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料及其制备方法 |
| PCT/CN2003/000908 WO2004037914A1 (fr) | 2002-10-28 | 2003-10-28 | Materiau type papier entierement degradable a base d'amidon, et son procede de preparation |
| AU2003277471A AU2003277471A1 (en) | 2002-10-28 | 2003-10-28 | Completely degradable paper-like material with starch as basic material and its preparation |
| US11/118,226 US20050258567A1 (en) | 2002-10-28 | 2005-04-28 | Completely degradable paper-like material with starch as basic material and its preparation |
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| CNB021308985A CN1172983C (zh) | 2002-10-28 | 2002-10-28 | 以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料及其制备方法 |
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| CN (1) | CN1172983C (zh) |
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| WO (1) | WO2004037914A1 (zh) |
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| US20090104314A1 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2009-04-23 | Dellinger David A | Edible, biodegradable pet food container and packaging method |
| CN100383186C (zh) * | 2003-10-31 | 2008-04-23 | 丁少忠 | 用于塑料成型加工的消湿剂及其制备方法 |
| CN100335544C (zh) * | 2004-12-20 | 2007-09-05 | 陈明忠 | 可生物降解塑料片材及其制备方法 |
| CN102391555A (zh) * | 2011-09-29 | 2012-03-28 | 绿成包装集团有限公司 | 钙塑淀粉树脂片材 |
| US9718258B2 (en) | 2011-12-20 | 2017-08-01 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Multi-layered film containing a biopolymer |
| US9327438B2 (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2016-05-03 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method for forming a thermoplastic composition that contains a plasticized starch polymer |
| CN103724674B (zh) * | 2013-12-30 | 2015-09-09 | 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 | 一种淀粉透明填充母料及其制备方法 |
| JP7253331B2 (ja) * | 2018-06-05 | 2023-04-06 | 日泉ポリテック株式会社 | 熱可塑化デンプン／オレフィン系樹脂組成物の成形シートおよびその製造方法 |
| CN109467752A (zh) * | 2018-10-27 | 2019-03-15 | 林毅平 | 一种淀粉/木质素全降解仿纸材料及其制备方法 |
| CN111635563A (zh) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-09-08 | 东莞市创新新材料开发有限公司 | 一次性降解的纸材料及其制备方法 |
| CN112480533A (zh) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-12 | 浙江绿汐环保科技有限公司 | 淀粉基生物降解材料及其制备方法与应用 |
| CN113912891A (zh) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-01-11 | 衢州学院 | 一种可降解保鲜纸的制备工艺 |
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2002
- 2002-10-28 CN CNB021308985A patent/CN1172983C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2003
- 2003-10-28 AU AU2003277471A patent/AU2003277471A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-10-28 WO PCT/CN2003/000908 patent/WO2004037914A1/zh not_active Ceased
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2005
- 2005-04-28 US US11/118,226 patent/US20050258567A1/en not_active Abandoned
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| US20050258567A1 (en) | 2005-11-24 |
| WO2004037914A1 (fr) | 2004-05-06 |
| CN1403496A (zh) | 2003-03-19 |
| AU2003277471A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
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