CN117192598B - Method for suppressing negative pressure air gun focus wavelet sidelobes by utilizing combination of air gun capacity, excitation depth and ignition time - Google Patents
Method for suppressing negative pressure air gun focus wavelet sidelobes by utilizing combination of air gun capacity, excitation depth and ignition timeInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种利用气枪容量、激发深度和点火时间组合压制负压空气枪震源子波旁瓣的方法。基于负压气枪的内爆时间(正向主脉冲形成时间)受气枪激发舱容量影响的特点，本发明提出了采用负压气枪容量组合的方式，并通过调整气枪激发深度和点火时间，实现不同气枪的正向主脉冲在垂直方向上同相叠加，进而实现负向旁瓣的相对压制。该方法将有效提高负压气枪震源子波的分辨能力，改善震源子波频谱的平滑度。
This invention provides a method for suppressing the sidelobes of a negative pressure air gun source wavelet by combining air gun capacity, excitation depth, and ignition time. Based on the characteristic that the implosion time (positive main pulse formation time) of a negative pressure air gun is affected by the air gun excitation chamber capacity, this invention proposes a method of combining negative pressure air gun capacities. By adjusting the air gun excitation depth and ignition time, the positive main pulses of different air guns are superimposed in phase in the vertical direction, thereby achieving relative suppression of the negative sidelobes. This method will effectively improve the resolution of the negative pressure air gun source wavelet and improve the smoothness of the source wavelet spectrum.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of marine seismic exploration seismic sources, and particularly relates to a method for pressing negative pressure air gun seismic source wavelet sidelobes by utilizing air gun capacity, excitation depth and ignition time.
Background
The conventional high-pressure air gun seismic source can be excited to obtain a pulse seismic source wavelet by instantaneously releasing the pressurized high-pressure gas (such as 2000PSI about 13.8 Mpa) into the sea water. But is affected by the structural design of the body, the external excitation environment and other factors, and the performance of the device has a plurality of limitations. For example, 1) the bubbles formed after the gas is released into water generate periodic oscillation due to internal and external pressure changes in the expanding and shrinking process, so that residual bubble oscillation is generated, the resolution of wavelets is reduced, and low-frequency jitter of a frequency domain is caused, 2) the working pressure of the conventional air gun is generally below 3000PSI, the hydrostatic pressure becomes large along with the increase of the sinking depth of the air gun, the excited energy is rapidly reduced, the depth of the conventional air gun is more than 20m shallow, 3) the source ghost wave of a tail head wave is generated due to the existence of a sea surface-air reflection interface, so that the effective bandwidth of wavelets is greatly compressed, and 4) the consistency of the excited wavelets of the conventional air gun, particularly the ghost wave part, is lower due to factors such as sea surface fluctuation, ocean current impact, ignition delay, air supply pressure change and the like.
In view of this, researchers have proposed a negative pressure air gun source (CN 202310520514.9). The negative pressure air gun vibration source adopts negative pressure air supply, and the negative pressure refers to that the air pressure in the air gun is smaller than the surrounding water pressure of the excitation position during excitation, so that the negative pressure is formed. When the ocean negative pressure air gun is excited, seawater can enter the cabin to squeeze the gas and form implosion due to the fact that the cabin air pressure is lower than the surrounding water, and seismic source wavelets are generated. The negative pressure air gun seismic source can break through the conventional water depth limit and realize deepwater environment excitation, so that the interference of seismic source ghost waves can be weakened and delayed, and the imaging effect of a submarine structure (particularly a shallow structure) is improved. Through simulation comparison, the residual bubble oscillation of the negative pressure air gun focus is obviously weaker than that of a traditional high pressure air gun, so that the wavelet resolution capability is obviously improved.
However, in the process of extruding gas by surrounding seawater, the negative pressure air gun focus can generate a negative pressure wave field, become side lobes of an implosion impact pulse, reduce the resolution of the air gun focus wavelet, cause fluctuation oscillation of different frequency components on a spectrum curve, reduce the flatness of the spectrum, and further influence the effect of subsequent processing means such as deconvolution based on the focus wavelet.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for pressing the sub-wave sidelobes of the source of the negative pressure air gun by utilizing the combination of the capacity, the excitation depth and the ignition time of the air gun.
According to the object of the present invention, the present invention proposes a method for suppressing negative pressure air gun source wavelet sidelobes by using air gun capacity, excitation depth and firing time combination, comprising the steps of:
1) The negative pressure air gun seismic source consists of a plurality of negative pressure air guns, the implosion time of different negative pressure air guns is calculated, and the relationship among the implosion time, the excitation depth and the ignition time of the negative pressure air guns is obtained according to the following formula (1):
Wherein T fire (i) is the ignition time of the negative pressure air gun i, namely, the negative pressure air gun i is excited at the time of T fire (i), H ave is the average value of the excitation depth of all the negative pressure air guns, H (i) is the excitation depth of the negative pressure air gun i, T implosion (i) is the implosion time of the negative pressure air gun i, C is the underwater sound velocity, and Constat is a given Constant;
2) And (3) determining the excitation depth and the ignition time of each negative pressure air gun under the condition that the formula (1) is satisfied, arranging each negative pressure air gun according to the excitation depth, exciting each negative pressure air gun according to the obtained ignition time of each negative pressure air gun, enabling main pulses of each negative pressure air gun to be overlapped in an in-phase manner along the vertical direction, and pressing a seismic source sidelobe of the negative pressure air gun.
Wherein the given Constant is a preset Constant smaller than the blasting interval.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the time for implosion of the negative pressure air gun is the length of time from when the air gun is activated to when the main pulse is formed. The implosion time can be obtained by solving a bubble oscillation equation after the excitation depth and the air gun capacity are set.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step 1), the adjustment of the implosion time of each negative pressure air gun can be achieved by changing the capacity of each negative pressure air gun.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the travel time difference corresponding to the excitation depth is adjusted by changing the excitation depth of each negative pressure air gun
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step 2), under the condition of a given negative pressure air gun capacity, the implosion time of each negative pressure air gun is obtained by simulation, under the condition that the formula (1) is satisfied according to the construction environment and the air gun interval arrangement requirement, the combination of the firing depth and the firing time of each negative pressure air gun is calculated, the negative pressure air gun is arranged according to the obtained firing depth, each negative pressure air gun is fired according to the obtained firing time of each negative pressure air gun, and the source wavelet sidelobes of the negative pressure air gun are pressed.
According to the preferred scheme of the invention, in the step 2), the negative pressure air guns are arranged in the horizontal plane at the same depth, namely the excitation depth is the same, the implosion time difference of the negative pressure air guns obtained through simulation is calculated according to the formula (1), the ignition time of the negative pressure air guns is obtained, the negative pressure air guns are excited according to the obtained ignition time of the negative pressure air guns, and the seismic source sidelobes of the negative pressure air guns are pressed.
In the step 2) according to the preferred scheme of the invention, the negative pressure air guns are set to be excited simultaneously, namely the ignition time T fire (i) is the same, the implosion time difference of the negative pressure air guns is obtained through simulation, the excitation depth of the negative pressure air guns is calculated according to the formula (1), the negative pressure air guns are distributed according to the excitation depth, and meanwhile, the negative pressure air guns are excited to suppress the seismic source side lobes of the negative pressure air guns.
According to the preferred scheme of the invention, a plurality of negative pressure air guns are selected, each negative pressure air gun is distributed along the vertical direction, the time delay caused by the implosion time difference and the excitation depth difference of each negative pressure air gun is calculated, the respective ignition time is calculated according to the formula (1), and each negative pressure air gun is excited to press the focus sidelobe of the negative pressure air gun according to the obtained ignition time of each negative pressure air gun.
The invention discovers through simulation analysis that the implosion time (main pulse forming time) of the negative pressure air gun is related to the excitation cabin capacity of the air gun. By utilizing the characteristics, the invention provides a mode of adopting air gun capacity combination, and main pulses of different air guns are controlled to be overlapped in an in-phase manner along the vertical direction by adjusting the excitation depth and the ignition time of the air guns, so that negative side lobes can be relatively pressed. The method can effectively improve the smoothness of the spectrum of the negative pressure air gun and improve the resolution capability of wavelets.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a wavelet (left) and spectrum (right) of a 100cu.in negative pressure single gun simulated at a water depth of 1000 m;
FIG. 2 is a simulation of different volumes of negative pressure air gun at 1000m depth to get wavelet (left) and its spectrum (right);
FIG. 3 shows the simulated wavelets (left) and spectra (right) of a 100cu.in capacity negative pressure air gun at different depths
Fig. 4 shows the variation law of implosion time T with capacity (left) and depth of excitation (right) after the negative pressure air gun is excited. In the calculation of the excitation depth change curve, the negative pressure air gun is 100cu.in.
FIG. 5 shows simulated wavelets and spectral results for four different capacity air guns using different firing times at 1000 m. The method comprises the steps of (a) simulating wavelet results in an original mode, (b) corresponding to the frequency spectrum in (a), (c) normalizing the wavelet, and (d) aligning the primary frequencies.
FIG. 6 shows wavelets and spectra of a four-bar air gun simulated at different depths using different firing times. The method comprises the steps of (a) simulating wavelet results in an original mode, (b) corresponding to the frequency spectrum in (a), (c) normalizing the wavelet, and (d) aligning the primary frequencies.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated and described below in connection with specific embodiments. The described embodiments are merely exemplary of the present disclosure and do not limit the scope. The technical features of the embodiments of the invention can be combined correspondingly on the premise of no mutual conflict.
The negative pressure air gun vibration source adopts a mode of being lower than the hydrostatic pressure around the gun body to supply air, and the air is extruded by means of natural hydrostatic confining pressure, so that a negative pressure wave field is generated. Negative pressure means that the gas pressure in the air gun is less than the ambient water pressure at the location of the firing. If necessary, the air gun may use a gas pressure lower than, equal to, or slightly higher than the atmospheric pressure as the air supply pressure of the present invention, but any gas pressure is selected so as to satisfy the ambient water pressure at the excitation position. Different pressure differences will give different wavelet characteristics and the magnitude of the air gun pressure can be determined according to the wavelet characteristics required.
The negative pressure air guns in the following embodiments all adopt implosion type ocean negative pressure air guns in CN202310520514.9, wherein the negative pressure air guns with different capacities are used for changing the size of an excitation cabin of the implosion type ocean negative pressure air gun in CN 202310520514.9. The present invention simulates the source wavelet excited by the negative pressure air gun at different depths, as shown in figures 1-3.
The simulation of the wavelet and its spectrum results when the 100cu.in negative pressure air gun was excited at a depth of 1000m under water is shown in fig. 1. In the figure, T corresponds to the time from the excitation to the implosion of the bubbles (main pulse formation), and a negative pressure field (negative side lobes indicated by the arrow in fig. 1 left) formed by squeezing air into the body of water before the main pulse can be seen. The negative pressure field causes the spectrum of the wavelet to exhibit a heave oscillation compared to the wavelet spectrum after removal of the side lobes.
FIG. 2 shows simulated wavelets and spectral curves for different volumes of negative pressure air gun at a depth of 1000 m. By comparison, as the capacity of the negative pressure air gun is increased, the arrival time of the main pulse is prolonged, and the corresponding frequency spectrum oscillation frequency is increased. The frequency spectrum of air guns of different capacities fluctuates differently at different frequencies. Similar conclusions can also be drawn from wavelets simulated at different depths and their spectral results (fig. 3). As can be seen by comparison, the main pulse arrival time and the corresponding frequency of spectral oscillation also change with different excitation depths.
Fig. 4 further compares implosion time with capacity and depth of excitation. It can be seen from the analysis that the variation of the volume of the negative pressure air gun to realize the diversification of the time of exciting implosion is easier to realize in the actual field operation than by adjusting the depth of excitation. The implosion time in the right of fig. 4 varies very little over a range of 10m depth, and it is difficult to effectively vary the implosion time by a combination of depths within a small range without varying the capacity of the air gun.
Based on the analysis, the invention provides a thought of adopting a plurality of air guns to perform combined excitation, and realizes the in-phase superposition of main pulses of air guns with different capacities in the vertical direction by combining the ignition time and the excitation depth. The scheme is as follows:
1) The negative pressure air gun seismic source consists of a plurality of negative pressure air guns, the implosion time of different negative pressure air guns is calculated, and the relationship among the implosion time, the excitation depth and the ignition time of the negative pressure air guns is obtained according to the following formula (1):
Wherein, T fire (i) is the ignition time of the negative pressure air gun i, namely, the negative pressure air gun i is excited at T fire (i), H ave is the average value of the depth of all the negative pressure air guns, H (i) is the excitation depth of the negative pressure air gun i, T implosion (i) is the implosion time of the negative pressure air gun i (obtained by solving a bubble oscillation equation after the excitation depth and the air gun capacity are given), C is the sound velocity in water, and Constant is a given Constant (less than a certain preset Constant of the blasting interval);
2) And (3) determining the excitation depth and the ignition time of each negative pressure air gun under the condition that the formula (1) is satisfied, arranging each negative pressure air gun according to the excitation depth, and exciting each negative pressure air gun according to the obtained ignition time of each negative pressure air gun, so that the main pulse forming time of each negative pressure air gun is consistent along the vertical direction, thereby realizing in-phase superposition and pressing the wavelet sidelobes of the seismic source of the negative pressure air gun.
Formula (1) shows that the difference between the main pulse and the time difference of air guns with different capacities caused by the internal explosion and the depth difference of the air guns can be eliminated by adjusting the ignition time, so that the in-phase superposition of the main pulse is realized.
The present invention provides two embodiments. Let us assume that there is a 4-bar negative pressure air gun with capacities of 50cu.in, 100cu.in, 150cu.in and 200cu.in, respectively. In the embodiment 1, all the negative pressure air guns are in the horizontal plane at the same depth, and the excitation depth difference does not exist at the moment, so that the ignition time only needs to consider the implosion time difference of air guns with different capacities. The four-bar gun implosion times were found to be 0.875ms, 1.102ms, 1.261ms and 1.388ms, respectively, by simulation. Assuming that the artificial given Constant is 10ms, the ignition times correspond to 9.125ms, 8.898ms, 8.739ms, and 8.612ms. That is, a large capacity air gun is first activated and a small capacity air gun is then activated.
FIG. 5 shows the results of source wavelet simulation using different firing times for a four-bar airgun at the same depth. By comparison, the ignition time of different air guns is adjusted, so that the main pulse forming time is consistent, in-phase superposition is realized, side lobes are relatively pressed, and corresponding frequency spectrums are smoother.
In example 2, four-bar air guns were arranged in the vertical direction with excitation depths of 1000m (50 cu.in), 1001m (100 cu.in), 1002m (150 cu.in) and 1003m (200 cu.in), respectively, and an average depth of 1001.5m. According to the simulation results, the implosion times of the four-bar gun were 0.875ms, 1.101ms, 1.260ms and 1.386ms, the time delays caused by the firing depth differences were 1.0345ms, 0.3448ms, -0.3448ms and-1.0345 ms, and given a 10ms constant, the firing times were 8.0905ms, 8.5542ms, 9.0848ms and 9.6485ms, respectively. FIG. 6 shows the results of the source wavelet simulation corresponding to the excitation patterns described above. Through comparison, the ignition time of different air guns is adjusted by calculating the implosion time and the travel time difference corresponding to the depth of the different air guns, and the main pulse forming time of the different air guns is consistent along the vertical direction, so that in-phase superposition is realized, side lobes are relatively pressed, and the corresponding frequency spectrum is smoother.
The aim of in-phase superposition of main pulses under simultaneous excitation of different capacities can be realized by utilizing the difference of the implosion time of air guns with different capacities and adjusting the depth relation among the air guns. In this case, the large-capacity air gun with the longest implosion time needs to be placed at the deepest part, and accordingly, the small-capacity air gun needs to be placed at a shallower part for excitation. Also exemplified are 50cu.in, 100cu.in, 150cu.in and 200 cu.in. Assuming that a 200cu.in air gun is positioned at a depth of 1000m, 150cu.in, 100cu.in and 50cu.in three-rod guns with excitation depths of 999.82m, 999.59m and 999.26m are obtained by simulating the implosion time of other air guns at different depths and combining travel time differences caused by depth differences.
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention and are described in detail herein without thereby limiting the scope of the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for suppressing negative pressure air gun focus wavelet sidelobes by utilizing air gun capacity, excitation depth and ignition time combination is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) The negative pressure air gun seismic source consists of a plurality of negative pressure air guns with different excitation cabin capacities, the implosion time of the different negative pressure air guns is calculated, and the relationship among the implosion time, the excitation depth and the ignition time of the negative pressure air guns is obtained according to the following formula (1):
Wherein T fire (i) is the ignition time of the negative pressure air gun i, namely, the negative pressure air gun i is excited at the time of T fire (i), H ave is the average value of the excitation depth of all the negative pressure air guns, H (i) is the excitation depth of the negative pressure air gun i, T implosion (i) is the implosion time of the negative pressure air gun i, C is the underwater sound velocity, and Constat is a given Constant;
2) Under the condition of given negative pressure air gun capacity, the implosion time of each negative pressure air gun is obtained through simulation, the excitation depth and the ignition time of each negative pressure air gun are determined under the condition that the formula (1) is met according to the construction environment and the air gun interval arrangement requirement, each negative pressure air gun is arranged according to the excitation depth, each negative pressure air gun is excited according to the obtained ignition time of each negative pressure air gun, main pulses of each negative pressure air gun are overlapped in an in-phase mode along the vertical direction, and the focus sidelobes of the negative pressure air gun are pressed.
2. The method of suppressing negative pressure air gun source wavelet sidelobes using air gun capacity, firing depth and firing time combinations of claim 1, wherein said given Constant is a preset Constant less than a firing interval.
3. The method for suppressing sub-wave sidelobes of a negative pressure air gun seismic source by utilizing the combination of the air gun capacity, the excitation depth and the ignition time as claimed in claim 1, wherein the implosion time of the negative pressure air gun is the time length from the start of air gun excitation to the formation of main pulse, and is obtained by solving a bubble oscillation equation after the implosion time passes through the given excitation depth and the air gun capacity.
4. The method for suppressing sub-wave side lobes of a source of a negative pressure air gun by using a combination of air gun capacity, firing depth and firing time according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the adjustment of the implosion time of each negative pressure air gun can be achieved by changing the capacity of each negative pressure air gun.
5. The method for suppressing sub-wave sidelobes of a source of a negative pressure air gun by using a combination of air gun capacity, depth of excitation and firing time as claimed in claim 1, wherein the difference in travel time corresponding to the depth of excitation is adjusted by changing the depth of excitation of each negative pressure air gun
6. The method for suppressing sub-wave sidelobes of a negative pressure air gun seismic source by utilizing the combination of air gun capacity, excitation depth and ignition time as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the negative pressure air guns are arranged in a horizontal plane at the same depth, namely the excitation depth is the same, the difference of the implosion time of each negative pressure air gun obtained through simulation is calculated according to a formula (1), the ignition time of each negative pressure air gun is obtained, each negative pressure air gun is excited according to the obtained ignition time of each negative pressure air gun, and the sub-wave sidelobes of the negative pressure air gun seismic source are suppressed.
7. The method for suppressing sub-wave side lobes of a negative pressure air gun seismic source by utilizing the combination of air gun capacity, excitation depth and ignition time as set forth in claim 1, wherein in the step 2), each negative pressure air gun is set to be excited simultaneously, namely, ignition time T fire (i) is the same, the implosion time difference of each negative pressure air gun is obtained through simulation, the excitation depth of each negative pressure air gun is calculated according to the formula (1), each negative pressure air gun is arranged according to the excitation depth, and each negative pressure air gun is excited to suppress sub-wave side lobes of the negative pressure air gun seismic source at the same time.
8. The method for suppressing sub-wave side lobes of a negative pressure air gun source by using a combination of air gun capacity, firing depth and firing time according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of negative pressure air guns are selected, each negative pressure air gun is arranged in a vertical direction, the time delay caused by the implosion time difference and the firing depth difference of each negative pressure air gun is calculated, the respective firing time is calculated according to formula (1), and each negative pressure air gun is excited to suppress sub-wave side lobes of the negative pressure air gun source according to the obtained firing time of each negative pressure air gun.
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| CN109239769A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-01-18 | 国家海洋局第二海洋研究所 | Utilize the air gun source design method of depth and combined capacity compacting residual bubble |
| CN115877440A (en) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-03-31 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司 | Method for widening wavelet band of air gun seismic source by three-dimensional arrangement and delayed excitation and application |
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| CN109633737B (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-10-18 | 国家海洋局第二海洋研究所 | Marine Broadband Airgun Vibration Source Based on Combination of Virtual and Real Depth |
| WO2020097844A1 (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2020-05-22 | 国家海洋局第二海洋研究所 | Combined virtual and real depths-based marine wideband air gun seismic sources |
| CN112180431B (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2024-10-18 | 中石化海洋石油工程有限公司上海物探分公司 | Air gun focus setting method, device and machine-readable storage medium |
| CN110579791B (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2020-08-14 | 自然资源部第二海洋研究所 | Method for reducing air gun seismic source wavelet directivity by optimizing air gun spatial distribution |
| CN115980829A (en) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-04-18 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司 | The method and application of widening the frequency band of airgun source by constructing wide pulse wavelet with delayed excitation |
| CN116559936B (en) * | 2023-05-10 | 2024-02-02 | 中国矿业大学 | An implosion type marine negative pressure air gun source and its excitation method |
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| CN109239769A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-01-18 | 国家海洋局第二海洋研究所 | Utilize the air gun source design method of depth and combined capacity compacting residual bubble |
| CN115877440A (en) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-03-31 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司 | Method for widening wavelet band of air gun seismic source by three-dimensional arrangement and delayed excitation and application |
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