CN117178817A - Planting method for sesame in Huang-Huai region with high and stable yield - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting sesame with high and stable yield in the Huanghuai region, which includes the following steps: step one, cultivating sesame seedlings; step two, land preparation; step three, transplanting seedlings; step four, applying pesticides to control insects; step five, field Management; step six, mechanical harvesting; in the above step one, use 5% nutrient soil, dry the seeds for 1-2 days, mix an appropriate amount of dry soil with 40% carbendazim 10.75Kg/ ^hm2 , cultivate seedlings in plugs, and put the seeds into Plug trays, the depth is controlled at 2-3 cm, which is conducive to rapid germination of seeds. There are 105 plants in each tray. Spray water once in the morning and evening. If the temperature and soil moisture are suitable, seedlings can emerge in 3 to 6 days. The weight of 1,000 sesame seeds is about 2.5 to 3 grams. , about 160,000 to 200,000 seeds per kilogram. Under normal circumstances, 120,000 to 160,000 seedlings can emerge per kilogram of seeds; in this invention, a planting method invented based on the growth period of sesame in the Huanghuai region adopts mechanized planting, production and harvesting throughout the process. , Reasonably arrange field management and protection operations to achieve high and stable yields.

Description

A method for planting sesame with high and stable yield in Huanghuai region

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of biotechnology, specifically a method for planting sesame with high and stable yield in Huanghuai region.

Background technique

Sesame is an ancient oil crop in my country. It originates from India and was called flax in ancient times. It is commonly known as "sesame" or "sesame". It was introduced in China during the Han Dynasty and was first produced in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of China. It is a thermophilic plant and is mainly grown in the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. There are many downstream provinces, as well as Henan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hebei and other provinces. Among them, Henan has the largest output, accounting for about 30% of the country's total.

Most of the sesame planting methods in the Huanghuai area are extensive planting by broadcasting (or columbine planting). In order to increase and stabilize the yield of sesame in this area, new planting models and methods are used, namely "ridge raising, seedling raising, and transplanting". With scientific management, this planting model does not occupy arable land for summer crops. During the planting process, it can be irrigated during droughts and drained during floods. The sesame yields are high and stable, and the oil yield rate is higher. It is suitable for large-scale planting in the Huanghuai region.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for planting sesame with high and stable yield in the Huanghuai region, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for planting sesame with high and stable yield in Huanghuai region, including the following steps: step one, sesame seedling cultivation; step two, land preparation; step three, seedling transplanting; step four, Apply pesticides to control insects; step five, field management; step six, mechanical harvesting;

In the above step one, use 5% nutrient soil, dry the seeds for 1-2 days, mix an appropriate amount of dry soil with 40% carbendazim 10.75Kg/hm ² , cultivate seedlings in plugs, put the seeds into the plugs, and control the depth at 2- 3 cm, which is conducive to rapid germination of seeds. There are 105 plants in each tray. Spray water once in the morning and evening. If the temperature and soil moisture are suitable, seedlings can emerge in 3 to 6 days. The weight of 1,000 sesame seeds is about 2.5 to 3 grams, and about 16 to 20 grams per kilogram. 10,000 seeds. Under normal circumstances, 120,000 to 160,000 seedlings can emerge per kilogram of seeds;

Among them, in the above step two, sesame prefers neutral soil with loose soil, good texture, and easy drainage and irrigation. It is not suitable to plant sesame in low-lying land. After wheat harvest, use a rotary tiller to make ridges with a row spacing of 70cm. The soil particles on site are 0-≤2.5cm. , it is appropriate to fertilize with 100 pounds of potassium chloride per mu;

In the above step three, the seedlings are cultivated in the field between 25 and 30 days, and transplanted with a seedling transplanter;

Among them, in the above-mentioned step 4, the steps for applying pesticides to control insects are as follows:

1) At the seedling stage, 90 g/mu of sesame-blocked semenpyridin, 10 ml of brassinoids, 30 g of hypium sulfonate, 50 g of cyfuramide, 25 g of pyromycin, and 20 g of paraben are used in the seedling stage;

2) In the early stage of budding, use 10 ml of brassinoids, 30 grams of Haipu or 1 bag of Fengcuilu + 40 grams of methylpenium + 50 grams of insecticide Yijianxiao per acre;

3) During the blooming period, use 1 bag of Fengcui Lu or 10 ml of brassinoids, 30 grams of Haipu, and 1 bag of Taiwan 1+1 sesame essence per acre;

4) During the sizing period, use 1 bag of Fengcui Lu or 10 grams of brassinoids, 100 grams of potassium dihydrogen, and 1 bag of Taiwan 1+1 sesame essence per acre;

Among them, in the above step five, the field management steps are as follows:

1) Weeding, field weeding is carried out using mechanized weeding, evenly sprayed on the border surface to reduce the growth of weeds, and timely cultivating and weeding to cultivate strong seedlings. This is the experience of high yield of sesame. In the seedling stage of sesame, cultivating and weeding three times makes the plant taller and leafier than those without cultivating. Increased root system;

2) Irrigation. Sesame root system is underdeveloped and distributed shallowly. It is sensitive to soil moisture. It is afraid of waterlogging and cannot tolerate long-term drought. Long-term drought will inhibit the growth and development of sesame and cause yield reduction;

3) Fertilization. The principle of fertilizing sesame during the entire growth period is "apply enough base fertilizer, timely top dressing, and spray fertilizer on the leaves";

In the above-mentioned step six, after the sesame flowers finally bloom, they will mature in 15 to 20 days. The sesame fruits will be harvested with yellow and black grains. Use a special sesame harvester to go through it directly, and the sesame harvesting, threshing, separation, and cleaning can be completed in one go. The work of selecting and collecting grains can save about 40% of labor costs.

Preferably, in the second step, there are no construction waste, white garbage and other garbage on site; there are no obvious unevenness on the site after leveling, and there is no large area of water accumulation after watering or natural rain; the site is naturally drained from the inside out to ensure The center is slightly higher than the perimeter.

Preferably, in the second step, before using the rotary tiller, it is necessary to check the wear of the blades in the rotary tiller and replace the blades in a timely manner.

Preferably, in the third step, during the transplanting process, the distance between each plant is 17-20cm, and there are about 4200 plants per acre. After transplanting, watering is done in a timely manner 1-2 times.

Preferably, in the third step, the seedling stage needs to be well drained, especially in the rainy season, the water in the plot needs to be drained in time to avoid water accumulation and keep the soil in a slightly moist state.

Preferably, among the three steps, before using the seedling transplanting machine, the seedling transplanting machine needs to be adjusted accordingly according to the spacing between planted sesame seeds.

Preferably, in the fifth step, drip irrigation technology can be used for watering sesame seeds, preferably after 5 p.m., firstly, to save water, and secondly, to avoid the adverse effects of high-temperature irrigation on the growth of sesame seeds.

Preferably, in the fifth step, the flowering and pod-bearing stage is the most vigorous growth period of sesame, and it is also the peak period of fertilizer demand. Fertilizer is sprayed with 20 kilograms of potassium chloride per mu.

Preferably, in step six, the sesame harvester needs to be maintained before use.

Preferably, in step six, the sesame harvester used has a threshing function, and the sesame harvester has a storage box.

Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: this method of planting sesame with high and stable yield in the Huanghuai region. The technical problem to be solved is to overcome the defects in the existing traditional planting technology in the Huanghuai region and use appropriate sowing methods. The scientific sowing technology and planting technology can be used to extend the growth period of sesame in the Huanghuai region, increase the lighting time and higher accumulated temperature, thereby increasing the time for sesame to absorb nutrients, which is conducive to crop photosynthesis and the accumulation of organic matter, thereby achieving The purpose of increasing and stabilizing production is to greatly improve the quality and yield of sesame seeds; secondly, we can take the initiative to strengthen field management, strive for full seedling growth and reduce natural disasters, so as to give full play to the production-increasing effects of water and fertilizer.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Please refer to Figure 1. An embodiment provided by the present invention: a method for planting sesame with high and stable yield in the Huanghuai region, including the following steps: Step 1, sesame seedling cultivation; Step 2, land preparation; Step 3, transplanting seedlings; Fourth, apply pesticides to control insects; Step five, field management; Step six, mechanical harvesting;

In the above step one, taking Yuzhi ND837 anti-shattering seeds as an example, seedlings are raised on May 5th every year, and the seedling raising method is as follows: use 5% nutrient soil, dry the seeds for 1-2 days, and use more than 40% Bendazim 10.75Kg/hm ² is mixed with an appropriate amount of dry soil, seedlings are grown in plug trays, and the seeds are placed in the plug trays. The depth is controlled at 2-3 cm, which is conducive to rapid germination of seeds. There are 105 plants in each tray. Spray water once in the morning and evening, such as temperature and soil. With suitable moisture, seedlings can emerge in 3 to 6 days. The weight of 1,000 sesame seeds is about 2.5 to 3 grams, and there are about 160,000 to 200,000 seeds per kilogram. Under normal circumstances, 120,000 to 160,000 seedlings can emerge per kilogram of seeds;

Among them, in the above step two, sesame prefers neutral soil with loose soil, good texture, and easy drainage and irrigation. It is not suitable to plant sesame in low-lying land. After wheat harvest, use a rotary tiller to make ridges with a row spacing of 70cm. The soil particles on site are 0-≤2.5cm. , 100 kilograms of potassium chloride per acre is appropriate for fertilization; there is no construction waste, white garbage, or other garbage on the site; there are no obvious unevenness on the site after leveling, and there is no large area of water accumulation after watering or natural rain; the site is naturally drained From the inside to the outside, ensure that the middle is slightly higher than the periphery. Before using the rotary tiller, check the wear of the blades in the rotary tiller and replace the blades in time;

In the above step three, on June 3-5 of the Gregorian calendar, the seedlings are transplanted to the field with a seedling transplanter. During the transplanting process, the distance between each plant is 17-20cm, and there are about 4,200 plants per mu. Water 1-2 times in time after transplanting. Drainage work needs to be done well in the seedling stage, especially in the rainy season. The water in the plot needs to be drained in time to avoid water accumulation and keep the soil in a slightly moist state before transplanting the seedlings. Before using the machine, the seedling transplanter needs to be adjusted accordingly according to the spacing between planted sesame seeds;

In the above-mentioned step 4, the steps for applying pesticides to control insects are as follows: Spray on June 20th to control overpopulation and control pests, and spray once on July 15th and August 20th;

Among them, in the above step five, the field management steps are as follows:

1) Weeding, field weeding is carried out using mechanized weeding, evenly sprayed on the border surface to reduce the growth of weeds, and timely cultivating and weeding to cultivate strong seedlings. This is the experience of high yield of sesame. In the seedling stage of sesame, cultivating and weeding three times makes the plant taller and leafier than those without cultivating. Increased root system;

2) Irrigation. Sesame has underdeveloped root system and shallow distribution. It is sensitive to soil moisture. It is afraid of waterlogging and cannot tolerate long-term drought. Long-term drought will inhibit the growth and development of sesame and cause yield reduction. Drip irrigation technology can be used to water sesame. 5 p.m. In the future, it is advisable, firstly, to save water, and secondly, to avoid the adverse effects of high-temperature irrigation on sesame growth;

3) Fertilization. The principle of fertilizing sesame during the entire growth period is to "apply enough base fertilizer, timely top dressing, and spray fertilizer on the leaves." The flowering and pod-bearing period is the most vigorous growth period of sesame, and it is also the peak period of fertilizer demand. Fertilization should be done every day. Spray 20 pounds of potassium chloride per mu;

Among them, in the above step six, from October 5th to 10th in the Gregorian calendar, mechanized harvesting of sesame harvesters will begin. Before using the sesame harvester, the sesame harvester needs to be maintained; the sesame harvester used has a threshing function. And the sesame harvester comes with a storage box.

Based on the above, the advantage of the present invention is that according to the usage method, the yield per mu can reach 200Kg-220Kg (traditional planting method is 100Kg), and the oil yield can reach 46 kilograms per 100 kilograms (traditional planting method is 43 kilograms). According to the average sesame market The price is 7 yuan, and the added benefit per mu is more than 1,400 yuan, thereby achieving the goal of increasing and stabilizing production, and greatly improving the quality and yield of sesame seeds.

It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be regarded as illustrative and non-restrictive from any point of view, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is therefore intended that all claims falling within the claims All changes within the meaning and scope of equivalent elements are included in the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims shall not be construed as limiting the claim in question.

Claims (9)

1. A method for planting sesame with high and stable yield in the Huanghuai region, including the following steps: step 1, sesame seedling cultivation; step 2, land preparation; step 3, transplanting seedlings; step 4, applying pesticides to control insects; step 5, field management; Step six, mechanical harvesting; characterized by: In the above step one, use 5% nutrient soil, dry the seeds for 1-2 days, mix an appropriate amount of dry soil with 40% carbendazim 10.75Kg/hm ² , cultivate seedlings in plugs, put the seeds into the plugs, and control the depth at 2- 3 cm, which is conducive to rapid germination of seeds. There are 105 plants in each tray. Spray water once in the morning and evening. If the temperature and soil moisture are suitable, seedlings can emerge in 3 to 6 days. The weight of 1,000 sesame seeds is about 2.5 to 3 grams, and about 16 to 20 grams per kilogram. 10,000 seeds. Under normal circumstances, 120,000 to 160,000 seedlings can emerge per kilogram of seeds; Among them, in the above step two, sesame prefers neutral soil with loose soil, good texture, and easy drainage and irrigation. It is not suitable to plant sesame in low-lying land. After wheat harvest, use a rotary tiller to make ridges with a row spacing of 70cm. The soil particles on site are 0-≤2.5cm. , it is appropriate to fertilize with 100 pounds of potassium chloride per mu; In the above step three, the seedlings are cultivated in the field between 25 and 30 days, and transplanted with a seedling transplanter; Among them, in the above-mentioned step 4, the steps for applying pesticides to control insects are as follows: 1) At the seedling stage, 90 g/mu of sesame-blocked semenpyridin, 10 ml of brassinoids, 30 g of hypium sulfonate, 50 g of cyfuramide, 25 g of pyromycin, and 20 g of paraben are used in the seedling stage; 2) In the early stage of budding, use 10 ml of brassinoids, 30 grams of Haipu or 1 bag of Fengcuilu + 40 grams of methylpenium + 50 grams of insecticide Yijianxiao per acre; 3) During the blooming period, use 1 bag of Fengcui Lu or 10 ml of brassinoids, 30 grams of Haipu, and 1 bag of Taiwan 1+1 sesame essence per acre; 4) During the sizing period, use 1 bag of Fengcui Lu or 10 grams of brassinoids, 100 grams of potassium dihydrogen, and 1 bag of Taiwan 1+1 sesame essence per acre; Among them, in the above step five, the field management steps are as follows: 1) Weeding, field weeding is carried out using mechanized weeding, evenly sprayed on the border surface to reduce the growth of weeds, and timely cultivating and weeding to cultivate strong seedlings. This is the experience of high yield of sesame. In the seedling stage of sesame, cultivating and weeding three times makes the plant taller and leafier than those without cultivating. Increased root system; 2) Irrigation. Sesame root system is underdeveloped and distributed shallowly. It is sensitive to soil moisture. It is afraid of waterlogging and cannot tolerate long-term drought. Long-term drought will inhibit the growth and development of sesame and cause yield reduction; 3) Fertilization. The principle of fertilizing sesame during the entire growth period is "apply enough base fertilizer, timely top dressing, and spray fertilizer on the leaves"; In the above-mentioned step six, after the sesame flowers finally bloom, they will mature in 15 to 20 days. The sesame fruits will be harvested with yellow and black grains. Use a special sesame harvester to go through it directly, and the sesame harvesting, threshing, separation, and cleaning can be completed in one go. The labor cost can be saved by 40% in the work of selecting and collecting grains. 2. A method for planting sesame with high and stable yield in the Huanghuai region according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step two, there are no construction waste, white waste and other garbage on the site; there are no obvious unevenness in the site after leveling. It is uneven and there is no large area of water accumulation after watering or natural rain; the site naturally drains from the inside to the outside, ensuring that the center is slightly higher than the surrounding area. 3. A method for planting sesame with high and stable yield in Huanghuai region according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, before using the rotary tiller, it is necessary to check the wear condition of the blades in the rotary tiller, and Replace the blade promptly. 4. A planting method for high and stable sesame yield in the Huanghuai region according to claim 1, characterized in that in step three, during the transplanting process, the distance between each plant is 17-20cm, and there are about 4200 plants per mu. , water in time 1-2 times after transplanting. 5. A method for planting sesame with high and stable yield in the Huanghuai region according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the third step, the seedling stage needs to be well drained, especially in the rainy season, the ground needs to be drained in time. Absorb moisture, avoid water accumulation, and keep the soil in a slightly moist state. 6. A planting method for high and stable sesame yield in the Huanghuai region according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the third step, before using the seedling transplanting machine, the seedling transplanting machine needs to be adjusted according to the spacing between the sesame seeds. Make relative adjustments. 7. A method for planting sesame with high and stable yield in the Huanghuai region according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step five, drip irrigation technology can be used for watering the sesame, preferably after 5 pm. One is to save water. , The second is to avoid the adverse effects of high-temperature irrigation on sesame growth. 8. A method for planting sesame with high and stable yield in the Huanghuai region according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step five, the flowering and pod-bearing period is the most vigorous growth period of sesame and is also the peak period in which fertilizer is needed. , fertilize with 20 pounds of potassium chloride per acre. 9. A planting method for high and stable sesame yield in the Huanghuai region according to claim 1, characterized in that in step six, the sesame harvester needs to be maintained before use. A planting method for high and stable sesame yield in the Huanghuai region according to claim 1, characterized in that in step six, the sesame harvester used has a threshing function, and the sesame harvester has a storage box.