CN117136962A - 一种含臭椿酮的杀线虫剂 - Google Patents
一种含臭椿酮的杀线虫剂 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种含臭椿酮的杀线虫剂，所述的杀线虫剂有效成分由臭椿酮和阿维菌素组成，所述臭椿酮和阿维菌素的重量百分含量分别为臭椿酮0.1～10％、阿维菌素0.1～20％，其余为助剂和填料。本发明提供的一种防治植物根结线虫的农药组合物，通过臭椿酮和阿维菌素的复配，增效显著，不仅提高了杀线虫活性，而且有效地延缓了根结线虫的抗药性，本发明提供的农药组合物防治植物根结线虫的效果优，对植物生长无不利影响，经济和社会效益显著。
Description
技术领域：
本发明涉及农药技术领域，具体的说是涉及一种含臭椿酮的杀线虫剂。
背景技术：
臭椿酮(Ailanthone)，又名臭椿苦酮，分子式：C20H2407，分子量：376.405， CAS登录号：981-15-7，主要存在于苦木科植物臭椿Ailanthus altissima的种子、根皮、树皮中。其分子式如下：
目前，臭椿酮主要用于医药领域，用于抗阿米巴痢、抗疟、抗溃疡、抑制胃酸分泌等，同时其也作为合成其它活性衍生物的原料，但有关臭椿酮的活性物质在农用抑菌活性方面的研究较少。
南方根结线虫(Meloidogyneincognita)是在我国寄生植物的主要线虫之一，该线虫在分类学上属线虫门、垫刃目、垫刃亚目、异皮总科、异皮科、根结亚科。其幼虫为线形，雌雄成虫异形，吻针短而细，中食道球发达，后食道球发达并具有分枝，覆盖在肠的前端腹侧、根结线虫体形微小，肉眼看不到，在土壤中或植物幼根中生活，主要靠土、苗、灌水等途径传播。其寄主主要为番茄、芹菜、莴笋、菜豆、茄子、苦瓜多种蔬菜，还可危害哈密瓜、葡萄、柑橘等多种果树作物。随着我国农业生产和农村经济的发展，保护地蔬菜、果树的播种面积和复种指数不断提高，而由于种植品种单一，耕地面积有限，造成轮作和倒茬困难，根结线虫病危害日趋严重，每年造成的危害轻者可减产10％～20％，重者60％以上甚至绝产，严重影响了农产品的产量和质量。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种含臭椿酮的杀线虫剂，以对植物根结线虫进行有效防治，延缓根结线虫对单一药剂的抗性，降低防治成本。
本发明提供的技术方案为：
一种含臭椿酮的杀线虫剂，杀线虫剂的有效成分包括臭椿酮和阿维菌素，所述的臭椿酮的重量百分含量为0.1～20％，所述的阿维菌素重量百分含量为0.1～10％，所述的臭椿酮和阿维菌素的重量比为1～5∶5～1。
优选的臭椿酮重量百分含量为0.1～10％，优选的阿维菌素重量百分含量为1～5％，优选的臭椿酮和阿维菌素的重量比为1∶3。
本发明的含臭椿酮杀线虫剂可制成悬浮剂、颗粒剂剂型，制剂配方中还含有农药常规使用的溶剂、润湿分散剂、防冻剂、增稠剂、消泡剂、防腐剂及填料。
所述的溶剂为乙醇、环己酮及甲醇中的一种或多种。
所述的助剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钙、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、润湿剂1004#、分散剂2020#i、2500#、4894#、2288#、SP-SC29、SP-2700、DS-569、DS-567、DS-505、602# 及500#中的一种或多种。
所述的防冻剂为乙二醇、尿素及丙三醇中的一种或多种。
所述的增稠剂为黄原胶、硅酸镁铝、白炭黑及膨润土中的一种或多种。
所述的消泡剂为有机硅酮。
所述防腐剂为卡松、苯甲酸钠及山梨酸钾中的一种或多种。
所述的填料葡萄糖、玉米淀粉、玉米淀粉聚合物、高岭土、轻钙、磷酸氢二钾、磷酸一铵、硫酸钾、磷酸氢二钾和硫酸镁中的一种或多种。
本发明还提供杀线虫剂的用途，所述的杀线虫剂用于防治植物根结线虫。
所述的植物根结线虫为哈密瓜根结线虫、黄瓜根结线虫。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
1.本发明使用的臭椿酮是从臭椿种子、根皮、树皮中提取、分离得到的，为将臭椿酮开发成一种植物源杀线虫剂奠定了基础。
2.发明人将臭椿酮与阿维菌素混配，不仅提高了杀线虫毒力，因臭椿酮具有一定得内吸作用，有利于植物吸收，提高了根部对线虫的防御能力，而且混用后可延缓根结线虫对单一药剂的抗性，增效更为显著，明显提高经济和社会效益。
3、本发明把含臭椿酮的杀线虫剂制成悬浮剂、颗粒剂剂型，不但便于使用且对环境安全环保。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，以下结合具体实施例，对本发明进一步详细说明。
实施例1 0.2％臭椿酮.阿维菌素颗粒剂
制备方法：先用环己酮、乙醇溶解臭椿酮及阿维菌素原药；然后加入602#搅拌混匀至清制成混合液；接着将玉米淀粉聚合物加入到混合搅拌器中，开启混合搅拌器，在搅拌器匀速转动过程中打开喷淋装置，将喷头对准玉米淀粉聚合物均匀喷雾；药液喷完关闭喷淋装置，继续转动10分钟让颗粒把药液吸附完全，药液吸附完后转动同时用风扇对着颗粒吹20分钟，使颗粒表面溶剂加速挥发；将吸附完药液颗粒在40-50℃鼓风条件下干燥30分钟。得到臭椿酮.阿维菌素颗粒剂。
实施例2 3％臭椿酮.阿维菌素颗粒剂
制备方法：同实施例1
实施例3 8％臭椿酮.阿维菌素颗粒剂
制备方法：同实施例1
实施例4 6％臭椿酮.阿维菌素悬浮剂
制备方法：预先将上述组份按照质量百分比称取好备用；将90％配方量的水、2500#、4894#、2288#、乙二醇、黄原胶和50％配方量的有机硅酮加入到均质搅拌釜中，搅拌混匀；向均质搅拌釜中加入臭椿酮和阿维菌素，均质剪切30min，泵输送至砂磨机研磨至粒径DV95≤5.0um，得到研磨物。将剩余的水、有机硅酮和防腐剂卡松搅拌均匀，加到研磨物中，搅拌均匀，得到臭椿酮.阿维菌素悬浮剂。
实施例5 20％臭椿酮.阿维菌素悬浮剂
制备方法同实施例4
实施例6 24％臭椿酮.阿维菌素悬浮剂
制备方法同实施例4
实施例7臭椿酮与阿维菌素不同配比对哈密瓜根结线虫室内毒理试验
测定方法参考NY/T 1833.1-2009《农药室内生物测定试验准则杀线虫剂》
第1部分：抑制植物病原线虫试验浸虫法进行；结果如表1所示
表1：臭椿酮与阿维菌素不同配比对哈密瓜根结线虫的共毒系数
注：复配制剂的共毒系数CTC≥120表现增效作用，80＜CTC＜120表现相加作用，CTC≤80表现为拮抗作用。
从表1的结果可得，臭椿酮与阿维菌素复配的5个配比共毒系数均大于120，为增效作用，其中配比1∶3共毒系数为169.59，增效作用最明显。
实施例8实施例6防治黄瓜根结线虫田间药效试验
测定方法参考GB/T 17980.38-2000《田间药效试验准则(一)杀线虫剂防治根部线虫病》，选取根结线虫常年发生严重地块，在黄瓜定植前施药，将供试药剂采用灌根方式进行施药，药后30天、60天进行药效调查，结果如表2所示
表2：实施例6防治黄瓜根结线虫效果表
从表2的结果可得，实施例6对黄瓜根结线虫较好的防治效果，明显优于对照药剂①(6％臭椿酮悬浮剂)与对照药剂②(18％阿维菌素悬浮剂)，与对照药剂③(10％阿维.噻唑膦颗粒剂)的防效相当。
前述对本发明的具体示例性实施方案的描述是为了说明和例证的目的。这些描述并非想将本发明限定为所公开的精确形式，并且很显然，根据上述教导，可以进行很多改变和变化。对示例性实施例进行选择和描述的目的在于解释本发明的特定原理及其实际应用，从而使得本领域的技术人员能够实现并利用本发明的各种不同的示例性实施方案以及各种不同的选择和改变。本发明的范围意在由权利要求书及其等同形式所限定。
Claims (5)
1.一种含臭椿酮的杀线虫剂，其特征在于：所述的杀线虫剂的有效成分包括臭椿酮和阿维菌素，所述的臭椿酮的重量百分含量为0.1～20％，所述的阿维菌素重量百分含量为0.1～10％，所述的臭椿酮和阿维菌素的重量比为1～5∶5～1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种含臭椿酮的杀线虫剂，其特征在于：所述的臭椿酮的重量百分含量为0.1～10％，所述的阿维菌素重量百分含量为1～5％，所述的臭椿酮和阿维菌素的重量比为1∶3。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种含臭椿酮的杀线虫剂，其特征在于，所述的杀菌剂为悬浮剂、颗粒剂剂型。
4.根据权利要求1～3任一项所述的一种含臭椿酮的杀线虫剂，其特征在于，所述的杀线虫剂用于防治植物根结线虫。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种含臭椿酮的杀线虫剂，其特征在于，所述的植物根结线虫为哈密瓜根结线虫、黄瓜根结线虫。
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