CN117111201A - Single-side entrance pupil binocular waveguide and AR glasses - Google Patents
Single-side entrance pupil binocular waveguide and AR glasses Download PDFInfo
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- CN117111201A CN117111201A CN202311368813.1A CN202311368813A CN117111201A CN 117111201 A CN117111201 A CN 117111201A CN 202311368813 A CN202311368813 A CN 202311368813A CN 117111201 A CN117111201 A CN 117111201A
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- 210000001747 pupil Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 252
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000001061 forehead Anatomy 0.000 description 15
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
- G02B6/0015—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
- G02B6/0016—Grooves, prisms, gratings, scattering particles or rough surfaces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
- G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
- G02B6/0026—Wavelength selective element, sheet or layer, e.g. filter or grating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B2027/0178—Eyeglass type
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
The application provides a single-side entrance pupil binocular waveguide and AR glasses, which relate to the technical field of AR, and comprise at least one layer of substrate, wherein the substrate is divided into a first substrate and a second substrate along two sides of a central axis, the first substrate is provided with a first turning region and a first exit pupil, and the second substrate is provided with a second turning region and/or a third turning region and a second exit pupil; the incident light is incident from the entrance pupil area, and is emitted from the first exit pupil area after passing through the first turning area, and is emitted from the second exit pupil area after passing through at least the second turning area and/or the third turning area. And the single-side entrance pupil is used for respectively turning the light rays from the entrance pupil to two different exit pupils through the turning regions. The second turning region can recycle the transmitted light of the first turning region, thereby improving the light utilization rate. The single input light source is arranged on one side of the AR glasses and can be added with other optical devices, so that the size and the weight are not increased, and the AR glasses are convenient to use.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of AR (augmented reality), in particular to a single-side entrance pupil binocular waveguide and AR glasses.
Background
Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology that merges real world and virtual information, and AR display systems typically include a micro projector and an optical display screen through which pixels on the micro display are projected into the human eye, while the user can see the real world through the optical display screen. The micro projector provides virtual content to the device and the optical display screen is typically a transparent optical component. An optical waveguide is an implementation optical path for an optical display. When the refractive index of the transmission medium is greater than that of the surrounding medium and the incident angle in the waveguide is greater than the critical angle for total reflection, light can be transmitted without leakage in the waveguide, and total reflection occurs. After the light from the projector is coupled into the waveguide, the light continues to propagate the image within the waveguide without loss until it is coupled out by a subsequent structure. At present, optical waveguides on the market are generally classified into geometric array waveguides and diffraction optical waveguides, wherein the diffraction optical waveguides are further classified into volume holographic waveguides and surface relief grating waveguides, the essence of the diffraction optical waveguides is that incident light is coupled into the waveguides through grating diffraction, and the surface relief grating waveguides have obvious advantages in a plurality of schemes due to extremely high design freedom and mass productivity brought by nano imprinting processing.
The existing diffraction optical waveguide structure is a single-input single-output waveguide structure, namely a grating structure with one input pupil area corresponding to one output pupil area, one input pupil area needs one input light source, and one output pupil area outputs an image to a single human eye. To see the same output image simultaneously for both eyes, two corresponding monocular waveguide structures are required to output the images into both eyes, respectively, which requires the provision of two input light sources. In AR glasses, the binocular display architecture combined by two single-input single-output waveguide structures requires two input light sources to be placed at the positions of the two side glasses legs, and when a sensor, a camera or other devices are required to be added, other areas on the AR glasses are required to be set, and such setting can increase the volume and the weight of the AR glasses, so that the wearing experience of the AR architecture is affected.
The other existing diffraction optical waveguide structure is a single-input double-output waveguide structure, namely a grating structure with one input pupil area corresponding to two output pupil areas, and output images of the two output pupil areas can reach two eyes simultaneously only by one input light source. However, in the existing single-input double-output waveguide structure, a single entrance pupil area is designed to be positioned at the horizontal center of the whole waveguide and is positioned at an upper position in the vertical direction. In AR glasses apparatus, the binocular display formed by using the single-input dual-output waveguide structure needs to set the input light source in the middle of the structure, so that the forehead is provided with a structure bulge, and the whole AR structure wraps the forehead to interfere with the wearing experience of the AR structure.
The existing two diffraction optical waveguide structures are used for AR glasses equipment, a sensor, a camera or other devices cannot be added, the size and the weight are increased, and meanwhile, the whole machine mechanism wraps the forehead of a person to interfere.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application aims to provide the unilateral entrance pupil binocular waveguide and the AR glasses, which have the advantages of small volume, high light utilization rate and convenience in user experience.
In one aspect of the embodiment of the application, a single-side entrance pupil binocular waveguide is provided, which comprises at least one layer of substrate, wherein the substrate is divided into a first substrate and a second substrate along two sides of a central axis, the first substrate is provided with a first turning region and a first exit pupil, and the second substrate is provided with a second turning region and/or a third turning region and a second exit pupil;
the optical fiber optical system comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, an entrance pupil area, a first turning area, a second turning area, a first exit pupil area, a second exit pupil area, a third exit pupil area, a first exit pupil area, a second exit pupil area, a third exit pupil area and a third exit pupil area, and a third exit pupil area.
Optionally, a perpendicular distance between the center of the entrance pupil and the central axis is greater than a perpendicular distance between the center of either region and the central axis.
Optionally, the vector directions of the light rays of the entrance pupil received by the second turning region and the first turning region are the same, and the center distance between the second turning region and the entrance pupil is greater than the center distance between the first turning region and the entrance pupil.
Optionally, the first exit pupil area and the second exit pupil area are symmetrically arranged along the central axis, and the center distance between the first exit pupil area and the second exit pupil area is equal to the pupil distance between two eyes of a human body.
Optionally, the entrance pupil, the first turning region, the second turning region, the third turning region, the first exit pupil, and the second exit pupil all form diffraction gratings.
Optionally, when the diffraction grating parameters of the first turning region and the second turning region are consistent, the light rays exiting from the entrance pupil region exit from the second exit pupil region after passing through the first turning region, the second turning region and/or the third turning region.
Optionally, when the diffraction grating parameters of the first turning region and the second turning region are inconsistent, the light rays exiting from the entrance pupil region exit from the second exit pupil region after passing through the second turning region and/or the third turning region.
Optionally, the diffraction grating direction of the entrance pupil is parallel to the central axis;
and/or, the diffraction grating directions of the first turning region, the second turning region and the third turning region form included angles with the central axis;
and/or, the diffraction grating of the first exit pupil area is perpendicular to the central axis, and/or, the diffraction grating of the second exit pupil area is parallel to the central axis.
Optionally, in a direction from the entrance pupil area to the central axis, the dimensions of the first turning area and the second turning area completely cover a propagation range of light passing through the entrance pupil area;
the size of the third turning region corresponds to the size of the second turning region in a direction parallel to the central axis.
In another aspect of the embodiment of the present application, an AR glasses includes an AR glasses frame and the above-mentioned single-side entrance pupil binocular waveguide disposed on the AR glasses frame, where an input light source is disposed on one side of a glasses leg of the AR glasses frame, and an optical device is disposed on the other side of the glasses leg.
According to the single-side entrance pupil binocular waveguide and the AR glasses provided by the embodiment of the application, a first substrate and a second substrate are formed on two sides of a central axis, the first substrate is provided with a first turning region and a first exit pupil, and the second substrate is provided with a second turning region and/or a third turning region and a second exit pupil; the first substrate is provided with a first turning area, a second turning area and a first exit pupil area, and the first substrate is provided with a first exit pupil area, a second exit pupil area and a third exit pupil area. The entrance pupil area is positioned at one side of the waveguide and can be used for unilateral entrance pupil; light from the entrance pupil is respectively turned to two different exit pupils through the turning regions. The second turning region is positioned behind the light path of the first turning region, and can recycle the transmitted light of the first turning region, thereby improving the light utilization rate. The single-side entrance pupil binocular waveguide is applied to AR (augmented reality) glasses equipment, a corresponding single input light source is arranged on one side of the glasses legs, the problem that sensors, cameras or other devices cannot be added to the AR glasses equipment due to the fact that two existing diffraction optical waveguide structures are used for the AR glasses equipment is solved, the size and the weight are not increased, the whole machine mechanism is not wrapped to interfere the forehead of a person, and the use is convenient for users.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a single-sided entrance pupil binocular waveguide provided in the present embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a single-sided entrance pupil binocular waveguide according to the second embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a third schematic view of a single-sided entrance pupil binocular waveguide provided in the present embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a single-side entrance pupil binocular waveguide structure according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a single-sided entrance pupil binocular waveguide structure provided in the present embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an AR glasses according to the present embodiment;
fig. 7 is a wave vector diagram of a first optical path of the single-side entrance pupil binocular waveguide provided in the present embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a second optical path wave vector diagram of the single-sided entrance pupil binocular waveguide provided by the present embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an AR glasses made of a conventional single-input single-output waveguide structure;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an AR glasses made of a conventional single-input dual-output waveguide structure;
fig. 11 is a second schematic view of AR glasses according to the present embodiment.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, the azimuth or positional relationship indicated by the terms "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the azimuth or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the azimuth or positional relationship that is commonly put in use of the product of this application, are merely for convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element to be referred to must have a specific azimuth, be configured and operated in a specific azimuth, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
It should also be noted that the terms "disposed," "coupled," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly coupled, detachably coupled, or integrally coupled, unless otherwise specifically defined and limited; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The embodiment of the application provides a single-side entrance pupil binocular waveguide, which is a binocular waveguide grating structure with an entrance pupil area arranged on the side edge of a whole piece of waveguide, so that in AR (AR) glasses equipment, a corresponding single input light source is arranged on the glasses legs of one side of the glasses, and a sensor, a camera or other devices can be arranged on the positions of the glasses legs on the other side of the glasses, so that extra space is not increased, and the volume and the weight of the equipment are reduced; the input light source and other devices can be arranged on the glasses leg, other devices are not arranged at the forehead position, interference to the forehead is avoided, and the wearing experience of the AR architecture is improved.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a single-side entrance pupil binocular waveguide, including: at least one layer of substrate 100, the substrate 100 forms a first substrate 110 and a second substrate 120 along two sides of a central axis S0, the first substrate 110 is provided with a first turning region 21 and a first exit pupil region 31, and the second substrate 120 is provided with a second turning region 22 and/or a third turning region 23 and a second exit pupil region 32;
the optical lens further comprises an entrance pupil area 11 arranged on the first substrate 110, the entrance pupil area 11 is located at one side of the first turning area 21 far away from the second turning area, incident light is incident from the entrance pupil area 11, respectively passes through the first turning area 21 and then exits from the first exit pupil area 31, and at least passes through the second turning area 22 and/or the third turning area 23 and then exits from the second exit pupil area 32.
The entrance pupil 11 is located on one side of the first substrate 110, i.e. by a single-sided entrance pupil; and the entrance pupil 11 is on the side of the first turning region 21 remote from the second turning region, the entrance pupil 11 is avoided from being arranged in the center of the substrate 100.
Each zone is provided with a diffraction grating, i.e. an entrance pupil 11, a first turning zone 21, a second turning zone, a third turning zone 23, a first exit pupil 31, a second exit pupil 32.
The entrance pupil 11 is configured to couple an input light source into the waveguide, and is disposed on the first substrate 110 of the monolithic waveguide substrate 100, and is located at a position far away from the outermost side of the monolithic waveguide in the horizontal direction, and above in the vertical direction;
a first turning region 21, configured to turn the first order light diffracted by the entrance pupil 11 into a first exit pupil 31, and disposed on an optical path in which the first order light diffracted by the entrance pupil 11 propagates in the waveguide, and horizontally approaches the entrance pupil 11;
a first exit pupil 31 for coupling the light from the first turning region 21 out of the waveguide, and disposed on a path of the primary light of the first turning region 21 propagating in the waveguide, and approaching the first turning region 21 vertically;
when the second turning region 22 and the third turning region 23 are separately disposed, the second turning region 22 is configured to turn the first order light diffracted by the entrance pupil region 11 to the third turning region 23, or turn the first order light diffracted by the entrance pupil region 11 after passing through the first turning region 21 to the third turning region 23, and is disposed on a light path of the first order light diffracted by the entrance pupil region 11 propagating in the waveguide, at a position horizontally backward from the first turning region 21 and far away from the entrance pupil region 11;
a third turning region 23 for turning the light from the second turning region 22 to the second exit pupil region 32, where the first-order light disposed in the second turning region 22 propagates in the waveguide, and is vertically close to the second turning region 22;
the second exit pupil 32 is configured to couple the light from the third turning area 23 out of the waveguide, and is disposed on a path of the first-order light of the third turning area 23 propagating in the waveguide, and horizontally approaches the third turning area 23.
Further, when the diffraction grating parameters of the first turning region 21 and the second turning region 22 are consistent, the second turning region 22 receives the light from the first turning region 21, that is, the light exiting from the entrance pupil 11 sequentially passes through the first turning region 21, the second turning region 22 and/or the third turning region 23 and exits from the second exit pupil 32.
At this time, part of the light passing through the first turning region 21 sequentially passes through the second turning region 22 and/or the third turning region 23 and then exits from the second exit pupil 32.
When the diffraction grating parameters of the first turning region 21 and the second turning region 22 are inconsistent, the second turning region 22 receives the light directly from the entrance pupil 11, and the light emitted from the entrance pupil 11 passes through the second turning region 22 and/or the third turning region 23 and then exits from the second exit pupil 32.
As can be seen from the above, after the incident light is incident from the entrance pupil 11, two optical paths are respectively formed, the first optical path passes through the first turning region 21 and exits from the first exit pupil 31, and the second optical path passes through (or the first turning region 21), the second turning region 22 and/or the third turning region 23 and exits from the second exit pupil 32.
The first optical path includes an entrance pupil 11, a first turning region 21, a first exit pupil 31; the second optical path comprises an entrance pupil 11, (or a first turning region 21), a second turning region 22 and/or a third turning region 23, a second exit pupil 32; the waveguide substrate 100 is divided into a left part and a right part by a horizontal central axis S0, and is respectively a first substrate 110 and a second substrate 120, all grating areas of the first optical path are located on the first substrate 110, and the grating areas of the second optical path except the entrance pupil 11 are located on the second substrate 120.
In the single-side entrance pupil binocular waveguide provided by the embodiment of the application, a first substrate 110 and a second substrate 120 are formed on two sides of a central axis S0 of a substrate 100, the first substrate 110 is provided with a first turning region 21 and a first exit pupil region 31, and the second substrate 120 is provided with a second turning region 22 and/or a third turning region 23 and a second exit pupil region 32; the optical lens further comprises an entrance pupil area 11 arranged on the first substrate 110, the entrance pupil area 11 is located at one side of the first turning area 21 far away from the second turning area, incident light is incident from the entrance pupil area 11, respectively passes through the first turning area 21 and then exits from the first exit pupil area 31, and at least passes through the second turning area 22 and/or the third turning area 23 and then exits from the second exit pupil area 32.
The entrance pupil area 11 is positioned at one side of the waveguide and can be used for unilateral entrance pupil; light from the entrance pupil 11 is respectively turned over to two different exit pupils by the turning areas. The second turning region 22 is located after the optical path of the first turning region 21, and can recycle the recovered transmitted light of the first turning region 21, so as to improve the light utilization rate. The single-side entrance pupil binocular waveguide is applied to AR (augmented reality) glasses equipment, a corresponding single input light source is arranged on one side of the glasses legs, the problem that sensors, cameras or other devices cannot be added to the AR glasses equipment due to the fact that two existing diffraction optical waveguide structures are used for the AR glasses equipment is solved, the size and the weight are not increased, the whole machine mechanism is not wrapped to interfere the forehead of a person, and the use is convenient for users.
Further, the vertical distance D2 between the center of the entrance pupil 11 and the central axis S0 is larger than the vertical distance between the center of either area and the central axis.
The single-side entrance pupil binocular waveguide provided by the embodiment of the application is divided into the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120 by taking the horizontal central axis S0 as a boundary, the lengths of the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120 are respectively D1, and the length of the whole waveguide substrate 100 is 2×D1.
The outermost grating region of the first substrate 110 is an entrance pupil 11, and the vertical distance D2 from the center of the entrance pupil 11 to the central axis S0 is the maximum value of the vertical distances from the centers of all grating regions to the central axis S0, (D1/2) < D2< D1, i.e., the entrance pupil 11 is the region farthest from the central axis S0 and is located vertically upward.
The positions of the other areas are set with the entrance pupil 11 as a starting point. In the waveguide first substrate 110, the grating direction of the entrance pupil 11 is set to be parallel to the central axis S0, and the dimensions of the first turning region 21 and the second turning region 22 completely cover the propagation range of the light passing through the entrance pupil 11 in the direction from the entrance pupil 11 to the central axis;
the size of the third turning region 23 corresponds to the size of the second turning region 22 in a direction parallel to the central axis.
The propagation range of diffracted light after an input light source with a certain field angle enters the entrance pupil 11 within the waveguide is defined by an upper boundary K1 and a lower boundary K2. The first turning region 21 is disposed on a path along which the first order light diffracted by the entrance pupil 11 propagates in the waveguide, horizontally toward the entrance pupil 11, and the outline of the first turning region 21 needs to completely cover the upper boundary K1 and the lower boundary K2 so that all the light from the entrance pupil 11 in a specific propagation direction can be received. The first exit pupil 31 is disposed vertically downward of the first turning region 21, and is close to the first turning region 21, and is capable of receiving the turning light from the first turning region 21.
The second turning region 22 is disposed behind the first turning region 21 along the upper boundary K1 and the lower boundary K2 on the second waveguide substrate 120, where the second turning region 22 is a portion of the light beam after the first order light beam diffracted from the entrance pupil region 11 passes through the first turning region 21, and the distance from the second turning region 22 to the center of the entrance pupil region 11 is greater than the distance from the first turning region 21 to the center of the entrance pupil region 11, and the distance from the second turning region 22 to the entrance pupil region 11 is longer than the distance from the far light beam, so that the vertical dimension of the second turning region 22 is greater than that of the first turning region 21.
The third turning region 23 is disposed vertically adjacent to the second turning region 22 and receives light from the area of the second turning region 22. The first exit pupil 32 is disposed horizontally near the third turning region 23, and receives light from the third turning region 23.
The aforementioned, the grating direction of the entrance pupil 11 is parallel to the central axis S0;
and/or, the diffraction grating directions of the first turning region 21, the second turning region 22 and the third turning region 23 form included angles with the central axis;
and/or the diffraction grating of the first exit pupil 31 is perpendicular to the central axis and/or the diffraction grating of the second exit pupil 32 is parallel to the central axis; the grating directions of the areas are specifically matched and set according to the emergent requirements.
In addition, the first exit pupil area 31 and the first exit pupil area 32 are symmetrical about the central axis S0, and the output image light needs to enter the left eye and the right eye of the person respectively, so that the center distance D3 between them needs to be adapted to the interpupillary distance of the two eyes of the person, and the value D3 takes 60mm to 70mm.
The reason why the third turning region 23 is disposed longitudinally instead of laterally is that the lateral disposition is farther from the entrance pupil 11 along the directions of the upper and lower boundaries K1 and K2, so that the grating area of the lateral disposition is larger and the grating arrangement is not compact and reasonable enough.
The position of the blank circular arc of axis S0 is the blank that makes AR glasses equipment more fit for wearing in order to cooperate the nose position of face to leave, vertically sets up third turning district 23 in axis S0 one side, can be according to different waveguide appearances, sets up on the waveguide in the blank circular arc department for grating area is littleer distributed compacter, improves AR glasses equipment' S use experience sense.
The single-side entrance pupil binocular waveguide is provided with a single entrance pupil region 11 arranged on the side of the whole waveguide furthest from the horizontal central axis of the waveguide, 3 turning regions are arranged, and a second turning region 22 is arranged behind the first turning region 21, so that light rays from the same entrance pupil region 11 are respectively turned into two different exit pupil regions.
The second turning region 22 disposed behind the first turning region 21 can recycle the transmitted light of the first turning region 21, thereby improving the light utilization rate. The single-side entrance pupil binocular waveguide grating structure is applied to AR (augmented reality) glasses equipment, a corresponding single input light source is arranged on one side of the glasses legs, and the problem that the whole machine mechanism wraps the forehead of a person to cause interference when a sensor, a camera or other devices are added to the AR glasses equipment is solved.
As shown in fig. 3, the embodiment of the present application provides a single-side entrance pupil binocular waveguide, which combines the area positions of the second turning region 22 and the third turning region 23 in fig. 1 into a second turning region 22; comprising the following steps: at least one layer of substrate 100, the substrate 100 forms a first substrate 110 and a second substrate 120 along two sides of a central axis S0, the first substrate 110 is provided with an entrance pupil 11, a first turning area 21 and a first exit pupil 31, and the second substrate 120 is provided with a second turning area 22 and a second exit pupil 32; the same effect is achieved for a single-sided entrance pupil binocular waveguide of fig. 3 as for a single-sided entrance pupil binocular waveguide of fig. 1.
Alternatively, it may be also considered that the second turning region 22 and the third turning region 23 in fig. 1 are combined into a third turning region 23, and the combination of the third turning region 23 has the same effect as the combination of the second turning region 22, and specifically, refer to fig. 3, which is not repeated herein.
Therefore, when the second turning region 22 and the third turning region 23 are separately arranged, the second optical path sequentially passes through the second turning region 22 and the third turning region 23 and then exits from the second exit pupil region 32; when the second turning region 22 and the third turning region 23 are integrally combined, the second optical path sequentially passes through the combined second turning region 22 or the combined third turning region 23 and exits from the second exit pupil region 32.
As shown in fig. 4, the embodiment of the present application provides a single-side entrance pupil binocular waveguide, in which the area of the first turning region 21 in fig. 1 is extended to a position vertically above the second exit pupil region 32 of the waveguide, and the first exit pupil region 31 and the second exit pupil region 32 share one first turning region 21, in other words, the first turning region 21 and the second turning region 22 are integrally disposed; comprising the following steps: at least one layer of substrate 100, the substrate 100 forms a first substrate 110 and a second substrate 120 along two sides of the central axis S0, the first substrate 110 is provided with an entrance pupil 11, a first turning area 21 and a first exit pupil 31, and the second substrate 120 is provided with a first turning area 21 and a second exit pupil 32.
As shown in fig. 5, the embodiment of the present application provides a single-side entrance pupil binocular waveguide, where the first turning region 21 in fig. 4 is divided into two first turning regions 21 and second turning regions 22 distributed horizontally in the area without the exit pupil; comprising the following steps: at least one layer of substrate 100, the substrate 100 forms a first substrate 110 and a second substrate 120 along two sides of the central axis S0, the first substrate 110 is provided with an entrance pupil 11, a first turning area 21 and a first exit pupil 31, and the second substrate 120 is provided with a second turning area 22 and a second exit pupil 32.
The single-side entrance pupil binocular waveguide is applied to AR display, the AR glasses equipment manufactured by the single-side entrance pupil binocular waveguide is used, the light utilization rate is improved through a plurality of turning areas, a single input light source corresponding to a single entrance pupil area 11 is arranged on one side of the glasses legs, a sensor, a camera or other devices can be arranged at the position of the glasses leg on the other side, additional space is not increased, the size and the weight of the equipment are reduced, and the wearing experience of an AR architecture is improved.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, an embodiment of the present application provides AR glasses, including an AR glasses structure and a single-side entrance pupil binocular waveguide 100 disposed on the AR glasses structure, where one input light source 41 is disposed on one side of the glasses leg of the AR glasses structure, and an optical device (a sensor or a camera or other devices) is disposed on the other side of the glasses leg.
An input light source 41 on one side of the glasses leg enters the entrance pupil area 11, the grating on the entrance pupil area 11 diffracts light and totally reflects the light in the V11 direction in the waveguide, the diffracted light reaches the first turning area 21 and then reaches the second turning area 22 after the light transmitted along the V11 reaches the first turning area 21, and the second turning area 22 can reuse the light transmitted through the first turning area 21, so that the light utilization rate is improved; the grating on the first turning region 21 diffracts the light propagating along the V11, the diffracted light totally reflects along the V12 direction to reach the first exit pupil 31, the grating on the first exit pupil 31 diffracts the light propagating along the V12 direction out of the waveguide, and image light T1 is formed at infinity;
the grating on the second turning region 22 diffracts the light propagating along the V11, the diffracted light totally reflects along the V22 direction to reach the third turning region 23, the grating on the third turning region 23 diffracts the light propagating along the V22 direction, the diffracted light totally reflects along the V23 direction to reach the first exit pupil region 32, and the grating on the first exit pupil region 32 diffracts the light propagating along the V23 direction out of the waveguide to form image light T2 at infinity; the image lights T1 and T2 coincide at infinity or at a distance.
Illustratively, when the grating parameters of the three turning regions are the same, the wave vector paths of the regions on the first optical path form a closed loop, in other words, the wave vector paths of the entrance pupil 11, the first turning region 21, and the first exit pupil 31 form a closed loop;
the wave vector paths of the respective areas on the second optical path form a closed loop, that is, the wave vector paths of the entrance pupil area 11, the second turning area 22, the third turning area 23, and the second exit pupil area 32 form a closed loop.
FIG. 7 is a first optical path wavevector diagram of the single-sided entrance pupil binocular waveguide of FIG. 1; fig. 8 is a second optical path wave vector diagram.
The input light source IN0 of fig. 7 and 8 is shifted from the wave vector center point o into the waveguide IN the ky positive direction, and the input light IN0 of a certain color generated by the input light source contains all propagation light rays within a certain angle range, namely, the field of view (FOV) of the light source, and D1 represents a first boundary for satisfying the Total Internal Reflection (TIR) standard IN the waveguide plate. D2 represents the second boundary of the largest wave vector in the waveguide plate. The maximum wave vector may be determined by the refractive index of the waveguide plate.
Only when the wave vector of the light is in the ZONE1 between the first boundary D1 and the second boundary D2, the light can be waveguided in the slab. If the wave vector of the light is outside the region C1, the light may leak out of the waveguide plate or not propagate at all.
The first optical path of the waveguide of fig. 7, the input light source IN0 enters the waveguide from the region B00, and is directed IN the right ky positive direction of the grating vector direction V11, wherein the wave vector of the right directed light a11 is IN the region Ba 11; the transmission light a11 is transmitted in the V12 direction, and its wave vector is in the region Ba 12; the transmission light A12 is transmitted towards the V13 direction, the wave vector of the transmission light is in the region B31, and the image T1 is finally output; according to the waveguide theory, the optical paths of three wave vectors V11, V12 and V13 in the waveguide are closed loops, so that the symmetrical relation between the input and output of the waveguide can be ensured. Wherein the areas B00, ba11, ba12 correspond to the entrance pupil 11, the first turning-over area 21, the first exit pupil 31, respectively.
The second optical path of the waveguide of fig. 8, the same input light source IN0 enters the waveguide from the region B00, and is conducted IN the positive direction of ky to the right side of the grating direction V21, wherein the wave vector of the right conducted light a21 is IN the region Ba 21; the transmission light a21 is transmitted in the V22 direction, and the wave vector thereof is in the region Ba 22; the transmission light a22 is transmitted in the V23 direction, and its wave vector is in the region Ba 23; the transmission light A23 is transmitted towards the V24 direction, the wave vector of the transmission light A is in the region B32, and the image T2 is finally output; the optical paths of the four wave vectors V21, V22, V23 and V24 in the waveguide are also required to be closed loops. Wherein the areas B00, ba21, ba22, ba23 correspond to the entrance pupil 11, the second turning area 22, the third turning area 23, the second exit pupil 32, respectively. The output images T1 and T2 eventually coincide at infinity.
As shown in fig. 9, the AR glasses made of the conventional single-input single-output waveguide structure are provided with a single-input single-output waveguide structure on each of the left and right sides of the glasses, an input light source is required for one entrance pupil, two input light sources 41 and 42 are required to be arranged on the two sides of the glasses legs for two entrance pupils, and thus when a sensor, a camera or other devices are required to be added, other areas on the AR glasses are required to be arranged, and such arrangement increases the volume and weight of the device, and affects the wearing experience of the AR architecture.
Fig. 10 shows AR glasses made of the existing single-input dual-output waveguide structure, where a single entrance pupil 11 is located in the horizontal center of the whole waveguide and is located at an upper position in the vertical direction, and an exit pupil of a single input light source 41 is required to be set to face the entrance pupil 11, when the AR glasses are worn, there is a structural bulge on the forehead, and the whole AR framework wraps and interferes with the forehead, so that the wearing experience of the AR framework is affected.
The sensor, the camera or other devices can not be added in the AR glasses equipment, so that the whole machine mechanism wraps the forehead of a person to interfere while the volume and the weight are increased.
As shown in fig. 11, for the AR glasses with the single-side entrance pupil binocular waveguide of the present application, the entrance pupil area 11 is disposed at the side of the whole piece of waveguide, the corresponding single input light source 41 is disposed on the glasses leg of one side, and the sensor, the camera or other devices may be disposed on the glasses leg of the other side, compared with fig. 9, the AR glasses of the present application only need the single input light source 41, so as to reduce the power consumption of the device; and when setting up sensor, camera or other devices, do not increase extra space, reduce volume and weight of equipment, improve AR framework and wear experience. Compared with fig. 10, the input light source 41 and other devices of the AR glasses of the present application can be disposed on the glasses legs, and the forehead position is not provided with other devices, which does not interfere with the forehead, thereby improving the wearing experience of the AR architecture.
On the other hand, the light propagating to the turning region in the entrance pupil 11 of fig. 9 and 10 is partly turned by the turning region to the exit pupil, and partly totally reflected to the waveguide edge through the turning region, which is not utilized by the light to the waveguide edge.
The single-sided entrance pupil binocular waveguide of the present application used in fig. 11 includes three turning regions, where the first turning region 21 and the second turning region 22 are both on the propagation path of the total reflection of the diffracted light in the entrance pupil 11, and the second turning region 22 is disposed behind the first turning region 21, so that the light transmitted through the first turning region 21 can be reused, and the light utilization rate is improved.
According to the AR glasses with the single-side entrance pupil binocular waveguide, only a single input light source 41 is arranged on one side of the glasses leg, and extra space is not increased when a sensor, a camera or other devices are arranged, so that the size and the weight of the equipment are reduced; other devices can be arranged on the other side of the glasses leg, other devices are not arranged at the forehead position, interference is not caused to the forehead, and wearing experience of the AR framework is improved; the single light source 41 is input, and a plurality of turning areas, one turning area can utilize the transmitted light of the other turning area, so that the light utilization rate is improved.
The AR glasses contain the same structure and benefits as the single-sided entrance pupil binocular waveguide in the previous embodiments. The structure and advantageous effects of the single-sided entrance pupil binocular waveguide have been described in detail in the foregoing embodiments, and are not described in detail herein.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and various modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A single-sided entrance pupil binocular waveguide, comprising: the device comprises at least one layer of substrate, wherein the substrate is divided into a first substrate and a second substrate along two sides of a central axis, the first substrate is provided with a first turning region and a first exit pupil, and the second substrate is provided with a second turning region and/or a third turning region and a second exit pupil;
the optical fiber optical system comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, an entrance pupil area, a first turning area, a second turning area, a first exit pupil area, a second exit pupil area, a third exit pupil area, a first exit pupil area, a second exit pupil area, a third exit pupil area and a third exit pupil area, and a third exit pupil area.
2. The single-sided entrance pupil binocular waveguide of claim 1, wherein the perpendicular distance between the center of the entrance pupil region and the central axis is greater than the perpendicular distance between the center of either region and the central axis.
3. The single-sided entrance pupil binocular waveguide of claim 1, wherein the second turning region and the first turning region receive the same vector direction of light rays of the entrance pupil, and a center-to-center distance between the second turning region and the entrance pupil is greater than a center-to-center distance between the first turning region and the entrance pupil.
4. The single-sided entrance pupil binocular waveguide of claim 1, wherein the first and second exit pupils are symmetrically disposed along the central axis, the center-to-center distances of the first and second exit pupils being equal to the interpupillary distances of both eyes of a human body.
5. The single-sided entrance pupil binocular waveguide of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the entrance pupil area, the first turning area, the second turning area, the third turning area, the first exit pupil area, the second exit pupil area all form diffraction gratings.
6. The single-sided entrance pupil binocular waveguide of claim 5, wherein when the diffraction grating parameters of the first turning region and the second turning region are identical, light rays exiting the entrance pupil region exit from the second exit pupil region after passing through the first turning region, the second turning region and/or the third turning region.
7. The single-sided entrance pupil binocular waveguide of claim 5, wherein when the diffraction grating parameters of the first turning region and the second turning region are not identical, light rays exiting the entrance pupil region exit from the second exit pupil region after passing through the second turning region and/or the third turning region.
8. The single-sided entrance pupil binocular waveguide of claim 5, wherein the diffraction grating direction of the entrance pupil area is parallel to the central axis;
and/or, the diffraction grating directions of the first turning region, the second turning region and the third turning region form included angles with the central axis;
and/or, the diffraction grating of the first exit pupil area is perpendicular to the central axis, and/or, the diffraction grating of the second exit pupil area is parallel to the central axis.
9. The single-sided entrance pupil binocular waveguide of claim 8, wherein the dimensions of the first turning region, the second turning region completely cover the propagation range of light rays passing through the entrance pupil region in the direction from the entrance pupil region to the central axis;
the size of the third turning region corresponds to the size of the second turning region in a direction parallel to the central axis.
10. An AR glasses, comprising an AR glasses framework and the single-side entrance pupil binocular waveguide according to any of claims 1-9 arranged on the AR glasses framework, wherein an input light source is arranged on one side of the glasses framework, and an optical device is arranged on the other side of the glasses framework.
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