CN117102815A - Displacement processing method and fixture for special-shaped piece with elliptical inner cavity - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a displacement processing method of special-shaped parts with an elliptical inner cavity, which includes turning the elliptical inner cavity of the workpiece into a rotary body according to the minor axis size of the ellipse; rotating the axis of the workpiece to be in line with the main axis of the machine tool The direction is at a set angle, and the milling cutter is used to follow a predetermined trajectory to remove the amount of the side wall of the elliptical inner cavity of the workpiece in the long axis direction; an arc cutter is used to perform profiling processing according to the shape of the elliptical inner cavity of the workpiece; Process the process hole on the end face, install the displacement tooling through the process hole; align the shape of the displacement tooling, and process the shape of the workpiece along the axial direction of the workpiece. The process is simple and reasonable, easy to operate, and can be processed in one step. It can realize the shape processing of special-shaped parts and produce products that usually require five-axis machine tools. The processing method of matching the shape and the inner cavity can reduce the cost while ensuring the same coordinate system inside and outside. Tool loss and improve processing efficiency.

Description

A displacement processing method and tooling for elliptical inner cavity special-shaped parts

Technical field

The present invention relates to the field of mechanical processing technology, and in particular to a displacement processing method and tooling for special-shaped parts in an elliptical cavity.

Background technique

The processing threshold for special-shaped elliptical inner cavity parts is high, especially those with elliptical inner and outer cavities and high surface quality requirements, which are usually processed using five-axis machine tools or turning-milling compound machining centers. Using five-axis machine tool processing, the rough and fine machining of the parts can be completed in one clamping, which reduces the number of clampings and ensures the quality of the product. If special-shaped parts need to be processed quickly and accurately, there is no doubt that using a five-axis machine tool is reliable and convenient. However, considering the high purchase cost of this type of machine tools, purchasing such high-precision machine tools for a special-shaped part is extremely cost-effective for enterprises, and such options are generally not considered. However, it is difficult to process the workpiece using general-purpose fixtures on ordinary boring and milling machines because it is very difficult to position and tighten the workpiece, and clamping can easily cause deformation of the workpiece, causing the surface quality and size of the workpiece to be unable to be guaranteed.

Contents of the invention

(1) Technical problems to be solved

In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a displacement processing method and tooling for special-shaped elliptical inner cavity parts, which solves the technical problem that it is difficult for ordinary boring and milling machines to process special-shaped elliptical inner cavity parts.

(2) Technical solutions

In order to achieve the above objectives, the displacement processing method of the oval inner cavity special-shaped parts of the present invention includes:

S1. The elliptical inner cavity of the workpiece is turned into a rotary body according to the minor axis size of the ellipse;

S2. Rotate the axis of the workpiece to a set angle with the direction of the machine tool spindle, and use the milling cutter to follow a predetermined trajectory to remove the amount of the elliptical inner cavity side wall of the workpiece in the long axis direction;

S3. Use an arc cutter to perform profiling processing according to the shape of the elliptical inner cavity of the workpiece;

S4. Process the process hole on the end face of the workpiece, and install the displacement tooling through the process hole;

S5. Correct the shape of the displacement tooling and process the shape of the workpiece along the axial direction of the workpiece.

Optionally, the elliptical inner cavity of the workpiece is turned according to the size of the short axis, and the outer shape of the workpiece is turned according to the size of the long axis. After processing, it becomes a rotary body, leaving a machining allowance of 1-3mm on one side;

Use a T-shaped cutter to turn the end of the workpiece in place according to the contour of the elliptical cavity, and the processing distance is S;

According to the eccentricity of the elliptical inner cavity of the workpiece, the angle between the workpiece and the main axis of the machine tool is adjusted, and a milling cutter is used to remove the machining allowance in the long axis direction of the elliptical inner cavity.

Optionally, use a spiral feed method to rough-machin the elliptical inner cavity of the workpiece into place according to the profiling trajectory.

Optionally, determine the angle between the machine tool spindle and the axis of the workpiece based on the tool size, machining allowance, hole size, and the depth of the elliptical cavity of the same elliptical trajectory, and the included angle is α;

The workpiece translates simultaneously in the X and Z directions, and the tool rotates with the machine spindle and mills a circle on the cross section perpendicular to the machine spindle, α satisfies:

Among them, L is the depth of the elliptical inner cavity, d is the diameter of the tool, M is the opening width of the elliptical inner cavity at the end face of the workpiece, and e is the eccentricity of the elliptical inner cavity;

H=S+L; where H is the depth of the workpiece cavity;

The diameter of the circle milled by the tool is R, and R satisfies:

Among them, a is half of the long axis of the elliptical cavity.

Optionally, the process holes include two positioning holes and multiple threaded holes;

Among them, the long axis of the cross axis of the elliptical cavity is the 0-180° line, and the central axis of the two pin holes intersects perpendicularly with the 0-180° line.

Optionally, install displacement tooling on both ends of the workpiece, install the workpiece on the machine tool in such a way that the length of the workpiece is perpendicular to the machine tool spindle, and the machine tool spindle moves the tool in the axial direction of the workpiece, within the set angle range. After processing the workpiece shape, rotate the workpiece to a set angle, correct the axial direction of the workpiece and continue processing, and repeat the rough machining of the workpiece shape in sequence;

Among them, the displacement tooling includes two positioning blocks respectively used to connect the two ends of the elliptical special-shaped piece. The positioning blocks are both regular polygons or circles. The positioning blocks are provided with multiple relief holes, multiple through holes and multiple pin holes. Multiple relief holes, multiple through holes and multiple pin holes are evenly arranged at the symmetrical center of the positioning block; two of the multiple pin holes correspond to the two positioning holes and are connected by pins, and the multiple threaded holes are Multiple through holes correspond to each other and are connected by screws.

Optionally, step S5 also includes: performing heat treatment on the processed workpiece.

Optionally, after the heat treatment of the workpiece is completed, measure the deformation of the workpiece, correct the cross axis of the elliptical inner cavity of the workpiece with reference to the process hole left on the end face by rough machining, use the method of step S2 to face mill the inner cavity of the workpiece, and convert the heat treatment The amount of machining in the deformed area is removed, and the elliptical inner cavity is finished in place by multiple passes according to the shape of the elliptical inner cavity.

Optionally, after the elliptical inner cavity is processed, trim the process holes on the end face, install conversion tooling on both ends, and use the method of step S5 to finish one half of the shape in place. After processing is completed, turn the tooling 180° and continue with the steps. The S5 method finishes the other half of the shape in place.

Optionally, after the shape of the workpiece is finished, a profiling tooling is used to cushion the workpiece from the middle, and the process heads at both ends are milled.

(3) Beneficial effects

The process is simple and reasonable, easy to operate, and can be processed in one step. It can realize the shape processing of special-shaped parts and produce products that usually require a five-axis machine tool. The processing method of matching the shape and the inner cavity can reduce the cost while ensuring the same coordinate system inside and outside. Tool wear and improve processing efficiency.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a flow chart of the displacement processing method of elliptical cavity special-shaped parts of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of step two of the displacement processing method of the oval inner cavity special-shaped part of the present invention;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the tool circle milling method of the displacement processing method of the oval inner cavity special-shaped parts of the present invention;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of step three of the displacement processing method of the elliptical inner cavity special-shaped part of the present invention;

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the workpiece appearance finishing according to the displacement processing method of the oval inner cavity special-shaped parts of the present invention;

Figure 6 is a front view of the displacement tooling of the displacement processing method of elliptical inner cavity special-shaped parts of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a side view of the displacement tooling used in the displacement processing method of elliptical inner cavity special-shaped parts according to the present invention.

[Explanation of reference symbols]

1: workpiece;

2: Machine tool spindle;

3: Displacement tooling; 31: Lightening hole; 32: Through hole; 33: Pin hole.

Detailed ways

In order to better explain the present invention and facilitate understanding, the present invention will be described in detail below through specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Although exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a clearer and thorough understanding of the invention, and to fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

As shown in Figures 1-7, the present invention provides a displacement processing method for elliptical inner cavity special-shaped parts, which includes the following steps:

Step 1. Turn the elliptical inner cavity of workpiece 1 into a rotary body according to the length of the minor axis of the ellipse. The elliptical inner cavity of workpiece 1 means that the shape of the inner cavity in the cross section of workpiece 1 is an ellipse. shape.

Step 2: Rotate the axis of the workpiece 1 to a set angle with the direction of the machine tool spindle 2. Use the milling cutter to follow a predetermined trajectory to remove the side wall of the elliptical inner cavity of the workpiece 1 in the long axis direction. The predetermined trajectory is based on Shape setting of elliptical cavity;

Step 3: After removing the side wall of the elliptical cavity in the long axis direction, use an arc cutter to further profile the elliptical cavity according to the shape of the workpiece 1 to improve the accuracy of the elliptical cavity;

Step 4: After the elliptical inner cavity is processed, the outer shape of the workpiece 1 is processed. Before processing, multiple process holes are processed on the end surfaces of both ends of the workpiece 1, and displacement tooling 3 is installed on both ends of the workpiece 1 through the process holes;

Step 5: Install the workpiece 1 on the machine tool through the displacement tooling 3, align the shape of the displacement tooling 3 so that the axial direction of the workpiece 1 coincides with the axial direction of the machine tool, and process the workpiece 1 along the axial direction of the workpiece 1 shape.

The process is simple and reasonable, easy to operate, and can be processed in one step. It can realize the shape processing of special-shaped parts and produce products that usually require a five-axis machine tool. The processing method of matching the shape and the inner cavity can reduce the cost while ensuring the same coordinate system inside and outside. Tool wear and improve processing efficiency.

Furthermore, in step one, first use deep hole drilling to process a blind hole that is much smaller than the short axis of the inner cavity for quick measurement; then the inner cavity and outer shape are turned and formed on the machine tool, and the inner cavity is cut according to the short axis section. , the shape is cut according to the long axis section; after the processing is completed, the workpiece 1 is a rotary body, and a machining allowance of 1-3mm is reserved on one side of the workpiece 1 to ensure the machining allowance for subsequent milling.

Use a T-shaped cutter to turn the end of the workpiece 1 in place according to the contour of the elliptical cavity. The processing distance is S. A section of the bottom is processed in advance to ensure that it does not interfere with the end when the subsequent tool enters at an angle.

As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the angle between the workpiece 1 and the machine tool spindle 2 is adjusted according to the eccentricity of the ellipse of the elliptical inner cavity of the workpiece 1, and a milling cutter is used to cut the machining allowance in the long axis direction of the elliptical inner cavity. Remove. Among them, the elliptical inner cavity of the workpiece 1 is rough-machined in place according to the profiling trajectory using a spiral feed method.

Specifically, when selecting a milling cutter for processing, the axis of the machine tool spindle 2 and the workpiece 1 is determined based on the size of the tool, the machining allowance, the hole size of the elliptical cavity on the end face of the workpiece 1, and the depth of the elliptical cavity of the same elliptical trajectory. The included angle is α. During processing, the workpiece 1 translates simultaneously in the X and Z directions, and the tool rotates with the machine spindle 2 and mills a circle on the cross section perpendicular to the machine spindle 2. α satisfies:

Among them, L is the depth of the elliptical inner cavity, d is the diameter of the tool, M is the opening width of the elliptical inner cavity at the end face of workpiece 1, and e is the eccentricity of the elliptical inner cavity;

H=S+L; where H is the depth of the workpiece 1 cavity;

The diameter of the circle milled by the tool is R, and R satisfies:

Among them, a is half of the long axis of the elliptical cavity.

Further, the process holes opened on the end surfaces of both ends of the workpiece 1 include two positioning holes and a plurality of threaded holes. Among them, the long axis of the cross axis of the ellipse represented by the cross section of the elliptical inner cavity is the 0-180° line, the central axis of the two pin holes 33 perpendicularly intersects with the 0-180° line, and the two pin holes 33 are respectively located at Both ends of the 0-180° line. Install the corresponding displacement tooling 3 on both ends of the workpiece 1. Install the workpiece 1 on the machine tool in a position where the length of the workpiece 1 is perpendicular to the machine tool spindle 2. The machine tool spindle 2 moves in the axial direction of the workpiece 1. , process the shape of the workpiece 1 within the set angle range. After the processing is completed, the workpiece 1 is rotated by the set angle, the axial direction of the workpiece 1 is corrected and then processing is continued, and the shape of the workpiece 1 is rough-machined in sequence repeatedly; in one embodiment , the machine tool spindle 2 moves in the axial direction of the workpiece 1, and the processing angle is the shape within the 60° area. After the processing is completed, the workpiece 1 is rotated 60°, and the axial direction of the workpiece 1 is corrected before continuing to process. Repeat 6 This time, the shape is roughly machined in place.

As shown in Figures 6 and 7, the displacement tooling 3 includes two positioning blocks respectively used to connect the two ends of the elliptical special-shaped piece. The positioning blocks are all regular polygons or circles. The positioning blocks are provided with a plurality of relief holes 31 and multiple A plurality of through holes 32 and a plurality of pin holes 33, a plurality of relief holes 31, a plurality of through holes 32 and a plurality of pin holes 33 are evenly arranged with the symmetrical center of the positioning block; two of the plurality of pin holes 33 and two The positioning holes correspond to one-to-one and are connected by pins, and the plurality of threaded holes correspond to the plurality of through holes 32 and are connected by screws. In one embodiment, the displacement tooling 3 is mainly composed of positioning blocks, pins and screws. The positioning block is in the shape of a regular polygon or a circle, preferably a regular hexagon, and is provided with three different types of holes, specifically including: on the positioning block. Distribute 6 equal relief holes 31; distribute 4 through holes 32 smaller than the size of the relief holes 31 on the same axis of the positioning block for connecting screws; and distribute 8 smaller holes 32 on the other two oblique symmetry axes of the positioning block. The pin hole 33 of the through hole 32 is used for pin connection. Since the hexagonal positioning block and the pin hole 33 play the main positioning role, there are very high requirements for the surface profile, surface roughness of the positioning block and the position and verticality of the pin hole 33, which is conducive to the connection of the tooling. and positioning, and the positioning degree of the through hole 32 is not high. The present invention processes oval-shaped products by using the displacement tooling 3, which has a reasonable structure and accurate positioning. The special-shaped parts can be processed by just turning the processing displacement tooling 3 several times, and products that usually require a five-axis machine tool are produced. , the use of displacement tooling 3 can save companies huge hardware equipment investment costs.

After step five, include the following steps:

Step 6: Heat treat the completed workpiece 1 to reduce the strength of the workpiece 1;

Step 7. After the heat treatment of workpiece 1 is completed, measure the deformation of workpiece 1. Refer to the process hole left on the end face by rough machining to correct the cross axis of the elliptical inner cavity of workpiece 1. If there is deformation in the elliptical inner cavity, install workpiece 1 On the machine tool, after the workpiece 1 is aligned, the length direction of the workpiece 1 is set at a set angle with the spindle, and the inner cavity of the workpiece 1 is face milled using the method of step S2 to remove the machining amount in the heat treatment deformation area. , reduce the loss of tool processing, and divide the tool into 3-4 passes according to the shape of the elliptical inner cavity to finish the elliptical inner cavity in place;

Step 8. After the elliptical inner cavity is processed, trim the process hole on the end face, enlarge the pin hole 33, install conventional small conversion tooling on both ends, and finish one half of the shape in place as shown in Figure 5. After the processing is completed, Turn the tooling 180°, and continue to use the method of step S5 to finish the other half of the shape in place;

Step 9: After finishing the appearance of the workpiece 1, use the profiling tooling to lift the workpiece 1 from the middle, and finish milling the process heads at both ends.

The process of the present invention is simple and reasonable, easy to operate, and can be processed and formed in one time. It can realize the shape processing of special-shaped parts and produce products that usually require a five-axis machine tool. The processing method of matching the shape and the inner cavity ensures the same coordinate system inside and outside. This can reduce tool wear and improve processing efficiency.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more than two, unless otherwise explicitly and specifically limited.

In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly stated and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", "connection", "fixing" and other terms should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. , or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two elements or an interaction between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated and limited, a first feature is "on" or "below" a second feature, which may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in direct contact through an intermediary. indirect contact. Furthermore, the terms "above", "above" and "above" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. . The first feature being "below", "below" and "under" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "embodiments", "examples", "specific examples" or "some examples", etc., refer to the description in conjunction with the embodiment or example. A specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, those skilled in the art may combine and combine different embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification unless they are inconsistent with each other.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are illustrative and should not be construed as limitations of the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make modifications to the above-mentioned embodiments within the scope of the present invention. The embodiments are subject to alterations, modifications, substitutions and variations.

Claims (10)

1. The displacement processing method of the elliptical cavity special-shaped piece is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

s1, turning an elliptical inner cavity of a workpiece into a revolving body according to the minor axis size of the ellipse;

s2, rotating the axis of the workpiece to form a set included angle with the direction of a main shaft of the machine tool, and removing the side wall of the elliptical cavity of the workpiece in the direction of the long shaft by a milling cutter along a preset track;

s3, performing profiling processing according to the shape of the elliptical cavity of the workpiece by using an arc cutter;

s4, processing a process hole on the end face of the workpiece, and installing a deflection tool through the process hole;

s5, aligning the appearance of the deflection tool, and processing the appearance of the workpiece along the axial direction of the workpiece.

2. The method for processing the abnormal-shaped piece with the elliptical inner cavity according to claim 1, wherein the elliptical inner cavity of the workpiece is turned according to the dimension of a short axis, the appearance of the workpiece is turned according to the dimension of a long axis, and after the processing is finished, a revolving body is formed, and a machining allowance of 1-3mm is reserved on one side;

turning the end part of the workpiece in place by using a T-shaped cutter according to the outline of the elliptical cavity, wherein the machining distance is S;

and adjusting an included angle between the workpiece and the machine tool in the main shaft direction according to the eccentricity of the ellipse of the elliptical cavity of the workpiece, and removing machining allowance in the long shaft direction of the elliptical cavity by adopting a milling cutter.

3. The method for indexing the oval cavity shaped piece according to claim 2, wherein the oval cavity of the workpiece is roughly machined in place according to a profiling track in a spiral feeding mode.

4. The method for processing the abnormal-shaped piece with the elliptical inner cavity according to claim 3, wherein the included angle between the main shaft of the machine tool and the axis of the workpiece is determined according to the size of a cutter, the machining allowance, the size of an orifice and the depth of the elliptical inner cavity of the same elliptical track, and the included angle is alpha;

the workpiece translates in the X and Z directions simultaneously, the cutter rotates along the main shaft of the machine tool randomly and mills circles on the section vertical to the main shaft of the machine tool, and alpha meets the following conditions:

wherein L is the depth of the elliptical cavity, d is the diameter of the cutter, M is the opening width of the elliptical cavity on the end face of the workpiece, and e is the eccentricity of the elliptical cavity;

h=s+l; wherein H is the depth of the workpiece cavity;

the diameter of the circle milled by the cutter is R, and R satisfies the following conditions:

where a is half of the major axis of the elliptical lumen.

5. The method for processing the elliptical cavity special-shaped piece according to claim 1, wherein the process holes comprise two positioning holes and a plurality of threaded holes;

wherein, the long axis of the cross shaft of the elliptical inner cavity is a line of 0-180 degrees, and the central axes of the two pin holes are perpendicularly intersected with the line of 0-180 degrees.

6. The method for processing the abnormal-shaped piece with the elliptical inner cavity according to claim 5, wherein the two ends of the workpiece are provided with the deflection tool, the workpiece is arranged on a machine tool in a way that the length direction of the workpiece is vertical to a main shaft of the machine tool, the main shaft of the machine tool feeds the workpiece in the axial direction, the appearance of the workpiece within a set angle range is processed, the workpiece is rotated for a set angle after the processing is finished, the processing is continued after the axial direction of the workpiece is corrected, and the appearance of the workpiece is sequentially and repeatedly rough processed in place;

the positioning fixture comprises two positioning blocks respectively used for connecting two ends of an elliptical special-shaped piece, wherein each positioning block is in a regular polygon or a round shape, a plurality of lightening holes, a plurality of through holes and a plurality of pin holes are formed in the positioning block, and the lightening holes, the through holes and the pin holes are uniformly distributed in the symmetry center of the positioning block; two of the plurality of pin holes are in one-to-one correspondence with the two positioning holes and are connected through pins, and the plurality of threaded holes are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of through holes and are connected through screws.

7. The method for processing the oval inner cavity special-shaped piece according to claim 1, wherein the step S5 further comprises: and carrying out heat treatment on the processed workpiece.

8. The method for processing the abnormal-shaped piece with the elliptical cavity according to claim 7, wherein the deformation condition of the workpiece is measured after the heat treatment of the workpiece is finished, the cross shaft of the elliptical cavity of the workpiece is corrected by referring to the process hole left by the rough machining on the end surface, the surface milling is carried out on the cavity of the workpiece by adopting the method of the step S2, the machining amount of the heat treatment deformation area is removed, the cutting is carried out for a plurality of times according to the shape of the elliptical cavity, and the elliptical cavity is finished in place.

9. The method for processing the abnormal-shaped piece with the elliptical cavity according to claim 8, wherein after the elliptical cavity is processed, the process holes on the end face are trimmed, conversion tools are arranged at the two ends, the appearance of one half side is finished in place by adopting the method of the step S5, after the processing is finished, the tools are turned over for 180 degrees, and the appearance of the other half side is finished in place by adopting the method of the step S5.

10. The method for processing the elliptical cavity special-shaped piece according to claim 9, wherein after finishing the appearance of the workpiece, the workpiece is padded from the middle by using a profiling tool, and the process heads of the two ends are milled.