CN117000924A - An online production process for forged steel balls with high hardness and high attack toughness - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an online production process for forging steel balls with high hardness and high attack toughness, and relates to the technical field of steel ball forging production. In order to solve the problem that the steel ball forging device in the prior art uses a mold when performing hot forging operations. To realize hot pressing shaping, because it is round, if only one side is hot pressed, it is easy for the surface of other end faces to be uneven and rounded, thus affecting the molding quality. The step one: first prepare the raw materials. The main raw materials of the steel ball are carbon steel, alloy steel, and stainless steel metal materials. The materials are processed and turned into steel rods that meet the requirements; step two: the steel rods are cut and processed. It is cut into small pieces of a certain length, and these small pieces are further processed to turn them into steel balls that meet the requirements; Step 3: The cut small pieces are heat treated, and the heat treatment improves the performance of the steel ball and increases its hardness and strength. and resilience.

Description

An online production process for forged steel balls with high hardness and high attack toughness

Technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of steel ball forging production, and is specifically an online production process for forging steel balls with high hardness and high attack toughness.

Background technique

Steel balls are divided into grinding steel balls, forged steel balls and cast steel balls according to the production and processing technology. According to the processing materials, they are divided into bearing steel balls, stainless steel balls, carbon steel balls, copper bearing steel balls, alloy balls, etc. Among them, bearing steel balls are important basic parts of the industry. Alloy steel balls are made of carbon, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, etc. It is a spherical iron alloy wear-resistant body that mainly adds metal elements and is produced by forging, spinning, rolling and casting;

For example, the Chinese authorized patent with announcement number CN108188316A (a manufacturing equipment system and production process for forging steel balls) includes a CNC die forging hammer; the CNC die forging hammer includes a hammer head, a body, a slider, an upper anvil, The lower anvil and the steel ball mold; the upper anvil and the lower anvil are respectively installed on the hammer head and the fuselage; the steel ball mold includes an upper tire clamp, a lower tire clamp, an upper mold core and a lower mold core; The upper tire clamp and the lower tire clamp are installed on the upper anvil and the lower anvil respectively; the upper mold core and the lower mold core are installed on the upper tire clamp and the lower tire clamp; the lower tire clamp and the lower mold core There is a through hole in the center, and the discharge rod and the ejector rod are installed in the through hole; the steel ball mold is a closed die forging steel ball mold, and the main equipment of the production line includes a heating furnace, bar shearing machine, transfer device, CNC die forging hammer, rolling machine and isothermal quenching machine. The forged steel balls produced by CNC die forging hammer and this production line equipment have the advantages of good steel ball roundness, high steel ball quality and high production efficiency.

However, when the steel ball forging device in the above-mentioned prior art performs hot forging operations, it uses a mold to achieve hot pressing shaping. Since it is round, only one side of the ball forging device is hot pressed, and the other end faces are prone to uneven and rounded surfaces. situation, thereby affecting its forming quality; therefore, it does not meet the existing needs. For this reason, we have proposed an online production process for forged steel balls with high hardness and high attack toughness.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide an online production process for forging steel balls with high hardness and high attack toughness, so as to solve the problem that the steel ball forging device in the prior art proposed in the above background technology uses a mold during the hot forging operation. To realize hot pressing shaping, because it is round, if only one side is hot pressed, it is easy for the surface of other end faces to be uneven and rounded, thus affecting the molding quality.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an online production process for forged steel balls with high hardness and high attack toughness, including the following steps:

Step 1: First prepare the raw materials. The main raw materials of the steel ball are carbon steel, alloy steel, and stainless steel metal materials. The materials are processed and turned into steel rods that meet the requirements;

Step 2: The steel rod is cut into small pieces of a certain length, and these small pieces are further processed to turn them into steel balls that meet the requirements;

Step 3: The small pieces after cutting are heat treated. The heat treatment improves the performance of the steel ball and increases its hardness, strength and toughness. The ball is put into a heat treatment furnace, carburized, quenched and then tempered to make the ball have a carburized layer and Hardness, toughness and crushing load;

Step 4: After heat treatment, the small pieces are processed into spherical shapes. In spherical processing, the small pieces are processed into steel balls that meet the requirements. The spherical shape is processed through hot forging. Hot forging heats the steel to a high temperature, and then uses hammering or pressure to crush it. Shaping and then grinding, the grinding wheel disc in the grinding machine presses and grinds the heat-treated ball embryo to remove the black oxide layer on the ball surface and correct the accuracy of the ball;

Step 5: The spherically processed steel ball is polished to improve the surface finish and precision of the steel ball. The ground ball embryo is finely ground in a precision grinding machine to make the ball reach the precision and finish required for the finished product. Pour the ball into the polishing drum, rotate it and clean it with polishing cleaning agent and water to make the surface of the ball clean and bright;

It also includes: a forging platform, with sliding seats provided on both sides of the bottom of the forging platform, a fixed platform provided on the upper surface of the forging platform, a fixed seat provided on the fixed platform, and a fixed seat provided on the upper surface of the fixed platform. There are connecting slots, and there are six connecting slots.

Preferably, a chute is provided inside the slide seat, and baffles are provided at the front and rear ends of the upper surface of the slide seat, and the forging table is slidably connected to the slide seat through the chute, and both sides of the slide seat are All are provided with bases.

Preferably, the front and rear ends of the upper surface of the base are provided with limit rods, the top of the limit rod is equipped with a top seat, the limit rod is equipped with a forged plate, and the upper surface of the base and the top seat are Limit sleeves are provided on the lower surface and the upper and lower end surfaces of the forged plate.

Preferably, top sleeves are provided around the upper surface of the top base, air cylinders are provided on the upper surface of the top base, and there are three cylinders, and a pneumatic telescopic rod is installed on the lower surface of the top base, and There are three pneumatic telescopic rods, a mold seat is provided on the lower surface of the forging plate, and a first forging die is installed on the bottom of the mold seat.

Preferably, the front and rear ends of the fixed base are provided with connecting blocks, and there are four connecting blocks. A first fixing plate is installed on the connecting block, and a second forging die is installed on the fixed base.

Preferably, the second forging die is provided with a first limiting block, and there are two first limiting blocks, and the two first limiting blocks are each provided with a second limiting block, The front and rear ends of the first limiting block are both provided with second fixing plates.

Preferably, motors are installed on both sides of the second forging die, and a first moving belt is provided on the inner wall of the second limiting block.

Preferably, the rear end of the forging table is provided with a cleaning mechanism, the top of the cleaning mechanism is provided with a purging machine, and the front end of the purging machine is provided with a purging port.

Preferably, the front end surface of the cleaning mechanism is provided with a second moving belt, the second moving belt is provided with an installation rod, and the installation rod is provided with a cleaning rod.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. In the present invention, a first moving belt is provided on the inner wall of the second limiting block of the second forging die, and a motor is used to drive the first moving belt to move left and right. When forging is performed, the cylinder drives the pneumatic telescopic rod to move the forging plate toward the forging plate. Forging is carried out while the first moving belt drives the ball to rotate, so that during forging, the surface of the ball can be evenly pressed, and the debris generated on the surface during forging will be cleaned by the cleaning rod on the mechanism. and blowing off the purge port to prevent residue from affecting the forging quality on the surface of the ball, and solve the problem that the steel ball forging device in the prior art uses the mold to achieve hot press shaping during the hot forging operation. Since it is round, a single When one side is hot-pressed, the surface of the other end face may easily become uneven and rounded, thus affecting its molding quality. After forging, the ball is loaded into a heat treatment furnace, carburized, quenched and then tempered to make the ball have a carburized layer and Hardness, toughness and crushing load.

2. By setting the sliding seat, the forging table can be displaced. After the forging is completed, it is convenient to unload the material. At the same time, there are multiple connecting grooves on the fixed table. The fixed seat can be installed and fixed on the forging table through the connecting grooves, which is convenient and convenient. The placement and installation of multiple forging molds also facilitates the positioning of the molds.

3. After forging and grinding, use the grinding wheel disc in the grinding machine to grind the heat-treated ball embryo under pressure to remove the black oxide layer on the ball surface and correct the accuracy of the ball. After that, the ground ball embryo is refined in the grinding machine. Grind the ball to the required precision and smoothness of the finished product, then pour the ball into a polishing barrel, rotate it, and use polishing detergent and water to clean the ball surface to make the ball surface clean and bright, thereby ensuring the quality of the finished steel ball.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the steel ball hot forging hydraulic device of the present invention;

Figure 2 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the partial structure of the steel ball hot forging hydraulic device of the present invention;

Figure 3 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the structure of the steel ball hot forging hydraulically fixed mold seat of the present invention;

Figure 4 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the structure of the hot forging cleaning mechanism of the present invention;

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the production steps of hot forging of steel balls according to the present invention;

In the picture: 1. Base; 2. Top seat; 3. Forged plate; 4. Cylinder; 5. Top sleeve; 6. Limit rod; 7. Limit sleeve; 8. Pneumatic telescopic rod; 9. Mold seat; 10 , the first forging die; 11. sliding seat; 12. chute; 13. baffle; 14. forging table; 15. fixed table; 16. connecting groove; 17. fixed seat; 18. second forging die; 19. Connecting block; 20. First fixed plate; 21. First limiting block; 22. Second limiting block; 23. Motor; 24. Second fixed plate; 25. First moving belt; 26. Cleaning mechanism; 27 , purge machine; 28, purge port; 29, second moving belt; 30, installation rod; 31, cleaning rod.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them.

Please refer to Figures 1-5, an embodiment provided by the present invention: an online production process for forged steel balls with high hardness and high attack toughness, including the following steps:

Step 1: First prepare the raw materials. The main raw materials of the steel ball are carbon steel, alloy steel, and stainless steel metal materials. The materials are processed and turned into steel rods that meet the requirements;

Step 2: The steel rod is cut into small pieces of a certain length, and these small pieces are further processed to turn them into steel balls that meet the requirements;

Step 3: The small pieces after cutting are heat treated. The heat treatment improves the performance of the steel ball and increases its hardness, strength and toughness. The ball is put into a heat treatment furnace, carburized, quenched and then tempered to make the ball have a carburized layer and Hardness, toughness and crushing load;

Step 4: After heat treatment, the small pieces are processed into spherical shapes. In spherical processing, the small pieces are processed into steel balls that meet the requirements. The spherical shape is processed through hot forging. Hot forging heats the steel to a high temperature, and then uses hammering or pressure to crush it. Shaping and then grinding, the grinding wheel disc in the grinding machine presses and grinds the heat-treated ball embryo to remove the black oxide layer on the ball surface and correct the accuracy of the ball;

Step 5: The spherically processed steel ball is polished to improve the surface finish and precision of the steel ball. The ground ball embryo is finely ground in a precision grinding machine to make the ball reach the precision and finish required for the finished product. Pour the ball into the polishing drum, rotate it and clean it with polishing cleaning agent and water to make the surface of the ball clean and bright;

It also includes: a forging table 14. Slide seats 11 are provided on both sides of the bottom of the forging table 14. A fixed table 15 is provided on the upper surface of the forging table 14. A fixed base 17 is provided on the fixed table 15. The upper surface of the fixed table 15 is The surface is provided with connecting grooves 16, and there are six connecting grooves 16. The motor 23 is used to drive the first moving belt 25 to move left and right. When forging is performed, the cylinder 4 drives the pneumatic telescopic rod 8 to cause the forging plate 3 to be forged downwards. At the same time, the first moving belt 25 drives the ball to rotate, so that during forging, uniform pressure can be applied to the surface of the ball, and the debris generated on the surface during forging will be removed by the cleaning rod 31 and 31 of the cleaning mechanism 26 The purge port 28 is blown off to prevent residue from affecting the forging quality on the surface of the ball. This solves the problem that the steel ball forging device in the prior art uses a mold to achieve hot press shaping during the hot forging operation. Since it is round and single, When one side is hot-pressed, it is easy for the surface of the other end face to be uneven and rounded, thus affecting its molding quality.

Please refer to Figures 1 and 2. A slide groove 12 is provided inside the slide seat 11. Baffles 13 are provided at the front and rear ends of the upper surface of the slide seat 11, and the forging table 14 is slidingly connected to the slide seat 11 through the slide groove 12. Bases 1 are provided on both sides of the base 11 so that the forging table 14 can be displaced. After the forging is completed, it is convenient to carry out the material removal operation. At the same time, multiple connecting grooves 16 on the fixed table 15 can be used to secure the fixed base 17 through the connecting grooves 16. It is installed and fixed on the forging table 14, and facilitates the placement and installation of multiple forging dies, and also facilitates the positioning of the dies.

Please refer to Figure 1. Limiting rods 6 are provided at the front and rear ends of the upper surface of the base 1. A top seat 2 is installed on the top of the limiting rod 6. A forged plate 3 is installed on the limiting rod 6. The upper surface of the base 1 and the top seat The lower surface of 2 and the upper and lower end surfaces of the forging plate 3 are provided with limit sleeves 7, which are ground after forging. The heat-treated ball blank is pressure-grinded using the grinding wheel disc in the grinding machine to remove the black oxide layer and Correct the accuracy of the ball, and then finely grind the ball embryo in a grinding machine to make the ball reach the accuracy and smoothness required for the finished product. Then pour the ball into a polishing drum and rotate it, and then use polishing detergent and water to clean the ball surface to make the ball surface clean and bright. Thereby ensuring the finished product quality of steel balls.

Please refer to Figure 1. Top sleeves 5 are provided around the upper surface of the top base 2. There are three cylinders 4 installed on the upper surface of the top base 2. A pneumatic telescopic rod 8 is installed on the lower surface of the top base 2. There are three pneumatic telescopic rods 8. A mold base 9 is provided on the lower surface of the forging plate 3. A first forging die 10 is installed at the bottom of the mold base 9. The motor 23 is used to drive the first moving belt 25 to move left and right. When forging is performed, When forging, the cylinder 4 drives the pneumatic telescopic rod 8 to make the forging plate 3 downward for forging, and at the same time, the first moving belt 25 drives the ball to rotate, so that during forging, it can ensure that the surface of the ball can be evenly pressed, and during forging The debris generated on the surface will be blown off by the cleaning rod 31 and the purge port 28 on the cleaning mechanism 26 to prevent the debris from affecting the forging quality on the surface of the ball, and solve the problem of the hot forging operation of the steel ball forging device in the prior art. When the mold is used to achieve hot pressing shaping, because it is round, hot pressing only one side, it is easy to have uneven and rounded surfaces on other end faces, which affects the molding quality. The spherical shape is processed through hot forging. Processing, hot forging heats the steel to a high temperature, then uses hammering or pressure to shape it, and then grinds it. The grinding wheel disc in the grinder presses and grinds the heat-treated ball blank to remove the black oxide layer on the ball surface and Correct ball accuracy.

Referring to Figures 1 and 2, connecting blocks 19 are provided at the front and rear ends of the fixed base 17, and there are four connecting blocks 19. A first fixing plate 20 is installed on the connecting block 19, and a second fixing plate 20 is installed on the connecting block 17. The forging die 18 uses the motor 23 to drive the first moving belt 25 to move left and right. When forging is performed, the cylinder 4 drives the pneumatic telescopic rod 8 to make the forging plate 3 downward for forging. At the same time, the first moving belt 25 drives the ball to rotate, so that During forging, it can be ensured that the surface of the sphere can be evenly pressed, and the debris generated on the surface of the sphere during forging will be blown off by the cleaning rod 31 and the purge port 28 on the cleaning mechanism 26 to prevent the residue from being left on the surface of the sphere. It affects the quality of forging and solves the problem that when the steel ball forging device in the prior art performs hot forging operations, the mold is used to achieve hot press shaping. Since it is round, only one side is hot pressed, and other end surfaces are prone to appear. The unevenness and roundness will affect the molding quality.

Referring to Figures 1 to 3, the second forging die 18 is provided with a first limiting block 21, and there are two first limiting blocks 21. The two first limiting blocks 21 are both provided with second limiting blocks. The front and rear ends of the position block 22 and the first limit block 21 are provided with second fixing plates 24. Before forging, the cut small pieces are heat treated. The heat treatment improves the performance of the steel ball and increases its hardness, strength and toughness. , put the ball into a heat treatment furnace, carburize, quench and then temper to make the ball have a carburized layer and hardness, toughness and crushing load.

Please refer to Figures 1 to 3. Motors 23 are installed on both sides of the second forging die 18. A first moving belt 25 is provided on the inner wall of the second limiting block 22. The motor 23 is used to drive the first moving belt 25. When forging, the cylinder 4 drives the pneumatic telescopic rod 8 to make the forging plate 3 move downward, and at the same time, the first moving belt 25 drives the ball to rotate, so that during forging, the surface of the ball can be evenly pressed. Apply pressure.

Please refer to Figure 4. The rear end of the forging table 14 is provided with a cleaning mechanism 26. The top of the cleaning mechanism 26 is provided with a purging machine 27. The front end of the purging machine 27 is provided with a purging port 28. The motor 23 is used to drive the first movement. The belt 25 moves left and right. When forging, the cylinder 4 drives the pneumatic telescopic rod 8 to make the forging plate 3 downward for forging. At the same time, the first moving belt 25 drives the ball to rotate, so that during forging, the surface of the ball can be ensured. The pressure is applied evenly, and the debris generated on the surface during forging will be blown off by the cleaning rod 31 and the purge port 28 on the cleaning mechanism 26 to prevent the debris from affecting the forging quality on the surface of the sphere and solve the problems in the prior art. When the steel ball forging device performs hot forging operations, it uses a mold to achieve hot press shaping. Since it is round, hot pressing only one side will easily cause uneven and rounded surfaces on other end faces, thus affecting its molding quality. The problem.

Please refer to Figure 4. The front end surface of the cleaning mechanism 26 is provided with a second moving belt 29. The second moving belt 29 is provided with a mounting rod 30. The mounting rod 30 is provided with a cleaning rod 31. The motor 23 is used to drive the first moving belt 25. When forging, the cylinder 4 drives the pneumatic telescopic rod 8 to cause the forging plate 3 to be forged downwards. At the same time, the first moving belt 25 drives the ball to rotate, so that during forging, the surface of the ball can be evenly pressed. Pressure is exerted, and the debris generated on the surface during forging will be blown off by the cleaning rod 31 and the purge port 28 on the cleaning mechanism 26 to prevent the debris from affecting the forging quality on the surface of the sphere and solve the problem of steel balls in the prior art. When the forging device performs hot forging operations, it uses a mold to achieve hot press shaping. Since it is round, hot pressing only one side will easily cause the other end surfaces to be uneven and rounded, thus affecting the molding quality. .

It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be regarded as illustrative and non-restrictive from any point of view, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is therefore intended that all claims falling within the claims All changes within the meaning and scope of equivalent elements are included in the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims shall not be construed as limiting the claim in question.

Claims (9)

1. A production process of an online forging steel ball with high hardness and high attack toughness comprises the following steps:

step one: firstly, preparing raw materials, wherein the main raw materials of the steel ball are carbon steel, alloy steel and stainless steel metal materials, and the materials are processed into steel bars meeting the requirements;

step two: cutting the steel bar into small blocks with a certain length, and further processing the small blocks to change the small blocks into steel balls meeting the requirements;

step three: the small blocks after cutting are subjected to heat treatment, the heat treatment improves the performance of the steel ball, the hardness, the strength and the toughness of the steel ball, the ball is placed into a heat treatment furnace for carburizing, quenching and tempering, so that the ball has a carburized layer, the hardness, the toughness and the crushing load;

step four: processing the small blocks after heat treatment into steel balls meeting requirements, processing the balls through hot forging, heating the steel materials to high temperature through hot forging, shaping the steel materials by hammering or pressure, grinding the steel materials, and pressurizing and grinding the heat-treated ball blanks through a grinding wheel circular plate in a grinder to remove black oxide layers on the surfaces of the balls and correct the accuracy of the balls;

step five: polishing the ball after ball processing, improving the surface finish and precision of the ball, finely grinding the grinding ball embryo in a lapping machine to ensure that the ball reaches the precision and finish required by a finished product, pouring the ball into a polishing roller for rotation, and adding water for cleaning by a polishing cleaning agent to ensure that the ball is clean and bright;

further comprises: the forging press bench (14), both sides of forging press bench (14) bottom all are provided with slide (11), the upper surface of forging press bench (14) of complaining is provided with fixed station (15), be provided with fixing base (17) on fixed station (15), the upper surface of fixed station (15) is provided with spread groove (16), just spread groove (16) are provided with six.

2. The production process of the online high-hardness high-attack-toughness forged steel ball, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the inside of slide (11) is provided with spout (12), the front and back end of slide (11) upper surface all is provided with baffle (13), just forging and pressing platform (14) are through spout (12) and slide (11) sliding connection, the both sides of slide (11) all are provided with base (1).

3. The production process of the online high-hardness high-attack-toughness forged steel ball, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the novel forging press is characterized in that limit rods (6) are arranged at the front end and the rear end of the upper surface of the base (1), an ejector seat (2) is arranged at the top of the limit rods (6), a forging press plate (3) is arranged on the limit rods (6), and limit sleeves (7) are arranged on the upper surface of the base (1), the lower surface of the ejector seat (2) and the upper end face and the lower end face of the forging press plate (3).

4. The production process of the online high-hardness and high-attack-toughness forged steel ball, which is characterized in that: the novel forging press is characterized in that the periphery of the upper surface of the top seat (2) is provided with a top sleeve (5), the upper surface of the top seat (2) is provided with an air cylinder (4), the air cylinder (4) is provided with three, the lower surface of the top seat (2) is provided with a pneumatic telescopic rod (8), the pneumatic telescopic rod (8) is provided with three, the lower surface of the forging press plate (3) is provided with a die seat (9), and the bottom of the die seat (9) is provided with a first forging press die (10).

5. The production process of the online high-hardness and high-attack-toughness forged steel ball, which is disclosed in claim 4, is characterized in that: the novel forging press is characterized in that connecting blocks (19) are arranged at the front end and the rear end of the fixing base (17), four connecting blocks (19) are arranged, a first fixing plate (20) is arranged on each connecting block (19), and a second forging press die (18) is arranged on the fixing base (17).

6. The production process of the online high-hardness and high-attack-toughness forged steel ball, which is disclosed in claim 5, is characterized in that: the forging and pressing die comprises a first forging and pressing die (18), wherein first limiting blocks (21) are arranged on the second forging and pressing die, two first limiting blocks (21) are arranged, second limiting blocks (22) are arranged on the first limiting blocks (21), and second fixing plates (24) are arranged at the front end and the rear end of the first limiting blocks (21).

7. The production process of the online high-hardness and high-attack-toughness forged steel ball, which is disclosed in claim 6, is characterized in that: the motor (23) is installed on the both sides terminal surface of second forging mould (18), be provided with first movable belt (25) on the inner wall of second stopper (22).

8. The production process of the online high-hardness and high-attack-toughness forged steel ball, which is disclosed in claim 7, is characterized in that: the rear end of forging and pressing platform (14) is provided with clearance mechanism (26), the top of clearance mechanism (26) is provided with sweeps machine (27), the preceding terminal surface of sweeping machine (27) is provided with sweeps mouth (28).

9. The production process of the online high-hardness and high-attack-toughness forged steel ball, which is disclosed in claim 8, is characterized in that: the cleaning mechanism is characterized in that a second movable belt (29) is arranged on the front end face of the cleaning mechanism (26), a mounting rod (30) is arranged on the second movable belt (29), and a cleaning rod (31) is arranged on the mounting rod (30).