CN117004851A - A high conductivity aluminum alloy casting and its preparation method - Google Patents
A high conductivity aluminum alloy casting and its preparation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高导电率铝合金铸件及其制备方法，按照质量百分比组分计，包括：Si:2.0‑4.3％，Mg:0.2‑1.0％，Cu:0.1‑0.5％，其余为铝，其中，杂质元素含量整体综合≤0.1％，其中，Fe≤0.2％，其余杂质元素单个≤0.01％；通过调整合金元素的成分及热处理工艺制备的铝合金铸件，具有导电性好的优点，该高导电率铝合金铸件在室温下的导电率不小于50％IACS，抗拉强度不低于275Mpa，解决了铸造铝合金铸件导电率低的问题。The invention discloses a high conductivity aluminum alloy casting and a preparation method thereof. In terms of mass percentage components, it includes: Si: 2.0-4.3%, Mg: 0.2-1.0%, Cu: 0.1-0.5%, and the rest is aluminum. , among which, the overall impurity element content is ≤0.1%, of which Fe is ≤0.2%, and the remaining impurity elements are individually ≤0.01%; aluminum alloy castings prepared by adjusting the composition of alloy elements and heat treatment process have the advantage of good electrical conductivity. The electrical conductivity of high-conductivity aluminum alloy castings at room temperature is not less than 50% IACS, and the tensile strength is not less than 275Mpa, which solves the problem of low electrical conductivity of cast aluminum alloy castings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy casting, and relates to a high-conductivity aluminum alloy casting and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the continuous development of the power transmission and distribution industry, higher requirements are put forward on the conductivity of aluminum alloy castings while the requirements on the material strength are met. At present, the conductivity of cast aluminum alloy used in the high-voltage electric industry is generally 38-41% IACS, the tensile strength is 275-315 MPa, such as ZL101A-T6, and the conductivity is difficult to meet the improvement requirement of products in the power transmission and distribution industry.
In recent years, the conductivity of aluminum alloys has been studied, and it has been found that the conductivity of aluminum alloys is mainly determined by their heat treatment process, alloying elements and structure morphology, wherein the influence of the heat treatment process on the conductivity is particularly remarkable. The heat treatment of the aluminum alloy includes solution treatment and time-lapse treatment. The conductivity gradually increases with increasing artificial aging temperature. This is because, when the aging temperature increases, the supersaturated solid solution obtained by quenching gradually precipitates solute atoms, so that the degree of distortion of the alloy is reduced, the internal stress is reduced, and the electron movement is facilitated, and the conductivity is gradually increased. As the temperature increases, the conductivity increases. However, as the temperature further increases, the density of the precipitated transition phase decreases, and thus the change in strength and conductivity becomes gentle. Thus, properly raising the temperature of the artificial aging is one of the approaches for developing high conductivity aluminum alloys.
The application number is 201710125313.3, the content of the added Si element is 4.5-6.5 percent, and trace special elements boron and lanthanum are added, the solution treatment temperature is 540+/-5 ℃, and the solution time is 2-8 hours; the aging treatment temperature is 223+/-5 ℃, the aging time is 3-7 hours, and the conductivity of the alloy at normal temperature is 46.5-50.7% IACS. The technology can obtain conductivity and reduce economic benefit of production and application due to the addition of high-cost boron and lanthanum elements. The title is a high conductivity cast aluminum alloy and its preparation method, comprising preparing materials, melting, refining molten aluminum to remove slag and gas, modifying, boronizing and rare earth treatment, standing, online degassing with double rotors, introducing filtered molten aluminum into a distributor for casting, and controlling the temperature of molten aluminum entering the distributor at 660-680 deg.C to obtain aluminum-silicon alloy. According to the technology, alloy with good conductivity is obtained by adjusting the components of alloy elements and combining the boronizing treatment and the LaCe rare earth treatment, but the boron element and the rare earth element are added, so that the technology is complex and the cost is high.
In view of the foregoing, there is a need to solve the problems of low conductivity, complex process and high cost of cast aluminum alloy castings in the prior art,
disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the high-conductivity aluminum alloy casting and the preparation method thereof, and solves the problems of low conductivity, complex process and high cost of the cast aluminum alloy casting.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the high-conductivity aluminum alloy casting comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2.0 to 4.3 percent of Si, 0.2 to 1.0 percent of Mg, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of Cu and the balance of aluminum.
Preferably, the impurity elements in the high-conductivity aluminum alloy casting comprise Fe and other impurity elements, wherein Fe is less than or equal to 0.2%, the content of the other impurity elements is integrally and comprehensively less than or equal to 0.1%, and the content of the other impurity elements is singly less than or equal to 0.01%.
Preferably, the high conductivity aluminum alloy castings have a conductivity exceeding 50% IACS at room temperature and a tensile strength exceeding 275MPa.
A preparation method of a high-conductivity aluminum alloy casting comprises the following steps:
s1, melting aluminum-silicon alloy to obtain aluminum alloy melt A, and standing for heat preservation;
s2, adding the aluminum strontium alloy into the aluminum alloy melt A for stokehold modification, then adding a magnesium block and an Al-Cu alloy block, and obtaining an aluminum alloy melt B after the magnesium block and the Al-Cu alloy block are completely melted;
s3, uniformly scattering a layer of slag remover on the liquid surface of the aluminum alloy melt B, rubbing for 2-5min, and removing surface scum; uniformly spreading a layer of slag remover on the liquid surface, removing the slag remover at the middle part of the liquid surface to the periphery, and inserting a rotary blowing refining rotor for degassing refining; after refining, removing scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, and carrying out degassing, deslagging and refining treatment to obtain an aluminum alloy melt C;
s4, preparing the refined aluminum alloy melt C into an aluminum alloy casting, and performing heat treatment on the aluminum alloy casting to obtain the high-conductivity aluminum alloy casting.
Preferably, before use, the tool contacted with the aluminum liquid of the aluminum-silicon alloy is preheated to 150-250 ℃, then coated with zinc oxide paint, and then dried at 300-600 ℃.
Preferably, the specific process of the stokehold modification in S2 is:
transferring the aluminum alloy melt into a refining and modifying furnace, preheating the aluminum strontium alloy, then placing the aluminum strontium alloy into a crucible, pouring the aluminum alloy melt into an aluminum alloy melt A, placing the crucible into the refining and modifying furnace, keeping the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt at 690-720 ℃, and stirring for 3-5min by using a bell jar, so that the aluminum alloy melt A is subjected to stokehold modification treatment, wherein the tapping temperature of the refining and modifying furnace is 700-720 ℃.
Preferably, the addition amount of the slag remover in the step S3 is 0.15-0.2% of the weight of the aluminum alloy melt; the addition amount of the aluminum-strontium alloy in the S2 is 0.05-0.15% of the weight of the aluminum-silicon alloy.
Preferably, the treatment temperature of the degassing and deslagging refining treatment in the step S3 is 690-720 ℃, and the treatment time is 15-60min.
Preferably, a natural gas melting furnace is adopted for melting the aluminum-silicon alloy, the tapping temperature of the natural gas melting furnace is 720-740 ℃, and the heat preservation temperature of the aluminum alloy melt A is 690-720 ℃;
preferably, the heat treatment process is as follows:
placing the aluminum alloy casting into a solution furnace with the temperature of 525-545 ℃, preserving the heat for 4-10h, and then carrying out water quenching; transferring the aluminum alloy casting into an aging furnace with the temperature of 200-250 ℃ after water quenching, preserving heat for 1-4h, and then performing air cooling to obtain a high-conductivity aluminum alloy casting; wherein the time for transferring the aluminum alloy casting from the solution furnace to the aging furnace is not more than 24 hours, and the time from the solution furnace to the water quenching is not more than 1min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention aims to provide a high-conductivity aluminum alloy casting and a preparation method thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy casting prepared by adjusting the components of alloy elements and a heat treatment process has the advantage of good conductivity, the conductivity of the high-conductivity aluminum alloy casting at room temperature is not less than 50% IACS, the tensile strength is not less than 275Mpa, and the problem of low conductivity of the cast aluminum alloy casting is solved;
in addition, the preparation method of the invention carries out the modification treatment before the aluminum alloy melt is in the furnace, and the refining treatment of degassing and deslagging and the heat treatment are carried out; in the smelting process of the aluminum-silicon alloy, a proper amount of modifier aluminum-strontium alloy is added through stokehold modification treatment to adjust the structure of the aluminum alloy and improve the performance of the aluminum alloy, and the addition of the modifier of the aluminum-strontium alloy can change the solidification behavior of the aluminum-silicon alloy and promote the precipitation of fine silicon phases so as to refine the crystal grains of the alloy; the aluminum-silicon alloy can obtain higher strength, hardness and wear resistance, and the tensile strength of the aluminum-silicon alloy is improved. The metal smelting process is subjected to degassing, deslagging and refining treatment to remove impurities and impurities in the metal smelting process; after further heat treatment is carried out on the aluminum alloy, solute atoms are gradually separated out from the supersaturated solid solution obtained by quenching, so that the degree of lattice distortion of the alloy is reduced, the internal stress is reduced, and the movement of electrons is easy, and the conductivity is gradually increased. As the aging temperature is increased, the more fully the strengthening phase is separated out, the conductivity of the aluminum alloy casting alloy is improved, the material performance requirement of the power industry is met, the process flow is simple, the period is short, the production efficiency is high, the cost is low, and the large-scale industrial preparation difficulty is low, so that the mass production is easy.
Furthermore, the preparation operation of the alloy system related by the invention is simple and easy, the cost of the used alloy system elements is low, the addition amount is easy to control, no pollutant is discharged, the production efficiency is high, the cost is low, and the method is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
Furthermore, the aluminum alloy casting prepared by adjusting the components of the alloy elements and the heat treatment process has the advantage of good conductivity, and meets the improvement requirement of products in the power transmission and distribution industry.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to illustrate, but not to limit, the invention.
The material used in the invention comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2.0 to 4.3 percent of Si, 0.2 to 1.0 percent of Mg, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of Cu and the balance of aluminum, wherein the content of Fe element impurity is controlled, fe is less than or equal to 0.2 percent, the single content of the rest impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.01 percent, and the total content is less than or equal to 0.1 percent.
The furnace burden is required to be dried and cleaned, the part of the tool contacted with the aluminum liquid is required to be cleaned to remove iron rust on the surface, residual flux and other adherent substances, the furnace burden is preheated to 150-250 ℃, zinc oxide coating with a certain thickness is coated, and then the furnace burden is fully dried at the temperature of more than 300 ℃. And adding the weighed 356Z.2 alloy into a natural gas melting furnace for melting, wherein the melting temperature is 720-740 ℃. After the alloy is completely melted, the alloy is transferred into a refining and modification furnace according to production requirements, and the tapping temperature of the refining and modification furnace is 700-720 ℃. Weighing the aluminum-strontium alloy (the adding amount of the aluminum-strontium alloy is 0.05% -0.15%, the Sr content is 0.003% -0.006% through chemical component detection) before transferring, preheating, then placing into an empty crucible, placing aluminum liquid into the crucible by a natural gas melting furnace, placing the crucible into a hearth, keeping the temperature of the aluminum liquid at 690-720 ℃, and stirring for 3-5min by using a bell jar. Pressing the weighed and prepared magnesium blocks and Al-Cu alloy blocks into aluminum liquid by using a bell jar, stirring uniformly after the magnesium blocks and the Al-Cu alloy blocks are completely melted, standing and preserving heat, and keeping the temperature at 690-720 ℃. Uniformly spreading a layer of slag removing agent on the liquid surface, wherein the adding amount of the slag removing agent is 0.15% -0.2% of that of the aluminum liquid, and rubbing for 2-5min to remove surface scum. And uniformly spreading a layer of slag remover (the adding amount is the same as that above) on the liquid surface, pushing the slag remover at the middle part of the liquid surface away to the periphery, and inserting a rotary blowing refining rotor for degassing refining. Maintaining the aluminum temperature at 690-720 ℃, standing for 5-10min, checking the gas content of the aluminum liquid, and if the gas content meets the requirement, transferring the aluminum liquid into a low-pressure casting holding furnace by using a crucible to prepare the aluminum alloy casting. Placing the prepared aluminum alloy casting into a solution furnace with the temperature of 525-545 ℃, preserving the heat for 4-10h, and then quenching the aluminum alloy casting with water; and transferring the casting into an aging furnace with the temperature of 200-250 ℃, preserving heat for 1-4 hours, then air-cooling, and transferring the aluminum alloy casting from the first-stage heat treatment furnace to the second-stage heat treatment furnace for not more than 24 hours, wherein the time from the solid solution furnace to the water quenching is not more than 1 minute.
Example 1:
before use, the used furnace burden must be dried and cleaned, the contact part of the used tool and the aluminum liquid must be cleaned to remove iron rust on the surface, residual flux and other adherent substances, preheated to 150 ℃, coated with zinc oxide coating with a certain thickness, and then fully dried at 300 ℃;
melting aluminum alloy: and adding the weighed 356Z.2 aluminum-silicon alloy into a natural gas melting furnace for melting, wherein the melting temperature is 720 ℃, and obtaining an aluminum-silicon alloy melt A after the aluminum-silicon alloy is completely melted.
Modification treatment in front of the furnace: according to the production requirement, the material is transferred into a refining and modification furnace, and the tapping temperature of the refining and modification furnace is 700 ℃.
Weighing aluminum-strontium alloy (the addition amount of the aluminum-strontium alloy is 0.05 percent of the weight of the aluminum-silicon alloy, and the Sr content is 0.003 percent through chemical component detection) before transferring, preheating, then placing the aluminum-strontium alloy into an empty crucible, placing an aluminum alloy melt A in a natural gas melting furnace into the crucible, placing the crucible into a hearth of a refining modification furnace, keeping the aluminum liquid temperature of the aluminum alloy melt at 690 ℃, and stirring for 3min by using a bell jar;
pressing the weighed and prepared magnesium blocks and Al-Cu alloy blocks into the aluminum alloy melt by using a bell jar, wherein the addition amount of magnesium accounts for 0.2% of the total addition amount, the addition amount of copper accounts for 0.1% of the total addition amount, and after the magnesium blocks and the Al-Cu alloy blocks are completely melted, stirring uniformly, standing and preserving heat, and keeping the temperature at 690 ℃ to obtain an aluminum alloy melt B;
degassing and deslagging refining of the melt: uniformly spreading a layer of slag remover on the liquid surface of the aluminum alloy melt B after standing and preserving heat for 10min, kneading for 2min, and removing surface scum; uniformly spreading a layer of slag remover (the adding amount is the same as that above) on the liquid surface, wherein the total adding amount of the slag remover is 0.15% of the weight of the aluminum-silicon alloy; removing slag agent at the middle part of the liquid surface to the periphery, and inserting a rotary blowing refining rotor to carry out degassing refining; maintaining the temperature of the aluminum liquid at 690 ℃, standing and preserving heat for 5min to obtain an aluminum alloy melt C;
and (3) checking the air content of the aluminum liquid, and if the air content meets the requirements, transferring the aluminum liquid into a low-pressure casting holding furnace by using a crucible to prepare an aluminum alloy casting.
And (3) heat treatment: placing the prepared aluminum alloy casting into a solid solution furnace with the temperature of 535 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, and then quenching with water; and transferring the aluminum alloy casting into an aging furnace at 215 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, and then air-cooling, wherein the time for transferring the aluminum alloy casting into the aging furnace from the solution furnace is 0.5h, and the time from the solution furnace to the water quenching is 1min.
After machining, the aluminum alloy castings of this example were sampled and inspected for electrical conductivity at room temperature of 51% IACS and tensile strength of 295MPa.
The high-conductivity aluminum alloy casting comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3.5% of Si, 0.2% of Mg, 0.1% of Cu and the balance of aluminum, wherein the content of Fe element impurity is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.2%, the single content of Fe element impurity and the total content of other impurity element are less than or equal to 0.01%.
Example 2:
before use, the used furnace burden must be dried and cleaned, the contact part of the used tool and the aluminum liquid must be cleaned to remove iron rust on the surface, residual flux and other adherent substances, preheated to 250 ℃, coated with zinc oxide coating with a certain thickness, and then fully dried at 600 ℃;
melting aluminum alloy: adding the weighed 356Z.2 aluminum-silicon alloy into a natural gas melting furnace for melting, and obtaining an aluminum-silicon alloy melt A after the aluminum-silicon alloy is completely melted at 740 ℃;
modification treatment in front of the furnace: according to the production requirement, the material is transferred into a refining and modification furnace, and the tapping temperature of the refining and modification furnace is 720 ℃.
Weighing the aluminum-strontium alloy (the addition amount of the aluminum-strontium alloy is 0.08 percent of the weight of the aluminum-silicon alloy, and the Sr content is 0.006 percent through chemical component detection) before transferring, preheating, then placing the aluminum-strontium alloy into an empty crucible, placing the crucible into a hearth of a refining modification furnace from an aluminum alloy melt A in a natural gas melting furnace, keeping the aluminum liquid temperature of the aluminum alloy melt at 720 ℃, and stirring for 5 minutes by using a bell jar;
pressing the weighed and prepared magnesium blocks and Al-Cu alloy blocks into the aluminum alloy melt by using a bell jar, wherein the addition amount of magnesium accounts for 1.0% of the total addition amount, the addition amount of copper accounts for 0.5% of the total addition amount, and after the magnesium blocks and the Al-Cu alloy blocks are completely melted, stirring uniformly, standing and preserving heat, and keeping the temperature at 720 ℃ to obtain an aluminum alloy melt B;
degassing and deslagging refining of the melt: uniformly spreading a layer of slag remover on the liquid surface of the aluminum alloy melt B after standing and preserving heat for 10min, kneading for 2min, and removing surface scum; uniformly spreading a layer of slag remover (the adding amount is the same as that above) on the liquid surface, wherein the total adding amount of the slag remover is 0.2% of the weight of the aluminum-silicon alloy; removing slag agent at the middle part of the liquid surface to the periphery, and inserting a rotary blowing refining rotor to carry out degassing refining; maintaining the temperature of the aluminum liquid at 720 ℃, standing and preserving heat for 10min to obtain an aluminum alloy melt C;
and (3) checking the air content of the aluminum liquid, and if the air content meets the requirements, transferring the aluminum liquid into a low-pressure casting holding furnace by using a crucible to prepare an aluminum alloy casting.
And (3) heat treatment: placing the prepared aluminum alloy casting into a solid solution furnace with the temperature of 537 ℃, preserving heat for 10 hours, and then quenching with water; and transferring the aluminum alloy casting into an aging furnace at 220 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, and then cooling in air, wherein the time for transferring the aluminum alloy casting into the aging furnace from the solution furnace is 0.5 hour, and the time from the solution furnace to the water quenching is 50 seconds.
After machining, the aluminum alloy castings of this example were sampled and inspected for electrical conductivity at room temperature of 52% IACS and tensile strength of 298MPa.
The high-conductivity aluminum alloy casting comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4.3% of Si, 1.0% of Mg, 0.5% of Cu and the balance of aluminum, wherein the content of Fe element impurity is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.2%, the single content of Fe element impurity and the total content of other impurity element are less than or equal to 0.01%.
Example 3:
before use, the used furnace burden must be dried and cleaned, the contact part of the used tool and the aluminum liquid must be cleaned to remove iron rust on the surface, residual flux and other adherent substances, the furnace burden is preheated to 200 ℃, and zinc oxide coating with a certain thickness is coated and then fully dried at 400 ℃;
melting aluminum alloy: adding the weighed 356Z.2 aluminum-silicon alloy into a natural gas melting furnace for melting, wherein the melting temperature is 730 ℃, and obtaining an aluminum-silicon alloy melt A after the aluminum-silicon alloy is completely melted;
modification treatment in front of the furnace: according to the production requirement, the material is transferred into a refining and modification furnace, and the tapping temperature of the refining and modification furnace is 710 ℃.
Weighing the aluminum-strontium alloy (the addition amount of the aluminum-strontium alloy is 0.06 percent of the weight of the aluminum-silicon alloy, and the Sr content is 0.004 percent through chemical component detection) before transferring, preheating, then placing the aluminum-strontium alloy into an empty crucible, placing the crucible into a hearth of a refining modification furnace from an aluminum alloy melt A in a natural gas melting furnace, keeping the aluminum liquid temperature of the aluminum alloy melt at 700 ℃, and stirring for 4 minutes by using a bell jar;
pressing the weighed and prepared magnesium blocks and Al-Cu alloy blocks into the aluminum alloy melt by using a bell jar, wherein the addition amount of magnesium accounts for 0.8% of the total addition amount, the addition amount of copper accounts for 0.35% of the total addition amount, and after the magnesium blocks and the Al-Cu alloy blocks are completely melted, stirring uniformly, standing and preserving heat, and keeping the temperature at 710 ℃ to obtain an aluminum alloy melt B;
degassing and deslagging refining of the melt: uniformly spreading a layer of slag remover on the liquid surface of the aluminum alloy melt B after standing and preserving heat for 10min, kneading for 3min, and removing surface scum; uniformly spreading a layer of slag remover (the adding amount is the same as that above) on the liquid surface, wherein the total adding amount of the slag remover is 0.18% of the weight of the aluminum-silicon alloy; removing slag agent at the middle part of the liquid surface to the periphery, and inserting a rotary blowing refining rotor to carry out degassing refining; maintaining the temperature of the aluminum liquid at 710 ℃, standing and preserving heat for 8min to obtain an aluminum alloy melt C;
and (3) checking the air content of the aluminum liquid, and if the air content meets the requirements, transferring the aluminum liquid into a low-pressure casting holding furnace by using a crucible to prepare an aluminum alloy casting.
And (3) heat treatment: placing the prepared aluminum alloy casting into a solid solution furnace with the temperature of 525 ℃, preserving heat for 8 hours, and then quenching with water; and transferring the aluminum alloy casting into an aging furnace at 200 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, and then cooling by air, wherein the time for transferring the aluminum alloy casting into the aging furnace from the solution furnace is 0.5 hour, and the time from the solution furnace to the water quenching is 55 seconds.
After machining, the aluminum alloy castings of this example were sampled and inspected for conductivity at room temperature of 52% IACS and tensile strength of 301MPa.
The high-conductivity aluminum alloy casting comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4.2% of Si, 0.8% of Mg, 0.35% of Cu and the balance of aluminum, wherein the content of Fe element impurity is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.2%, the single content of Fe element impurity and the total content of other impurity element are less than or equal to 0.01%.
Example 4:
before use, the used furnace burden must be dried and cleaned, the contact part of the used tool and the aluminum liquid must be cleaned to remove iron rust on the surface, residual flux and other adherent substances, the furnace burden is preheated to 220 ℃, and zinc oxide coating with a certain thickness is coated and then fully dried at 500 ℃;
melting aluminum alloy: adding the weighed 356Z.2 aluminum-silicon alloy into a natural gas melting furnace for melting, wherein the melting temperature is 730 ℃, and obtaining an aluminum-silicon alloy melt A after the aluminum-silicon alloy is completely melted;
modification treatment in front of the furnace: according to the production requirement, the material is transferred into a refining and modification furnace, and the tapping temperature of the refining and modification furnace is 710 ℃.
Weighing aluminum-strontium alloy (the addition amount of the aluminum-strontium alloy is 0.05 percent of the weight of the aluminum-silicon alloy, and the Sr content is 0.003 percent through chemical component detection) before transferring, preheating, then placing the aluminum-strontium alloy into an empty crucible, placing an aluminum alloy melt A in a natural gas melting furnace into the crucible, placing the crucible into a hearth of a refining modification furnace, keeping the aluminum liquid temperature of the aluminum alloy melt at 710 ℃, and stirring for 5min by using a bell jar;
pressing the weighed and prepared magnesium blocks and Al-Cu alloy blocks into the aluminum alloy melt by using a bell jar, wherein the addition amount of magnesium accounts for 0.6% of the total addition amount, the addition amount of copper accounts for 0.25% of the total addition amount, and after the magnesium blocks and the Al-Cu alloy blocks are completely melted, stirring uniformly, standing and preserving heat, and keeping the temperature at 710 ℃ to obtain an aluminum alloy melt B;
degassing and deslagging refining of the melt: uniformly spreading a layer of slag remover on the liquid surface of the aluminum alloy melt B after standing and preserving heat for 10min, kneading for 5min, and removing surface scum; uniformly spreading a layer of slag remover (the adding amount is the same as that above) on the liquid surface, wherein the total adding amount of the slag remover is 0.16% of the weight of the aluminum-silicon alloy; removing slag agent at the middle part of the liquid surface to the periphery, and inserting a rotary blowing refining rotor to carry out degassing refining; maintaining the temperature of the aluminum liquid at 710 ℃, standing and preserving heat for 6min to obtain an aluminum alloy melt C;
and (3) checking the air content of the aluminum liquid, and if the air content meets the requirements, transferring the aluminum liquid into a low-pressure casting holding furnace by using a crucible to prepare an aluminum alloy casting.
And (3) heat treatment: placing the prepared aluminum alloy casting into a solid solution furnace with the temperature of 545 ℃, preserving heat for 6 hours, and then quenching with water; and transferring the aluminum alloy casting into an aging furnace at 250 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and then cooling in air, wherein the time for transferring the aluminum alloy casting into the aging furnace from the solution furnace is 0.5 hour, and the time from the solution furnace to the water quenching is 30 seconds.
After machining, the aluminum alloy castings of this example were sampled and inspected for conductivity at room temperature of 52.5% IACS and tensile strength of 300MPa.
The high-conductivity aluminum alloy casting comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2.0% of Si, 0.6% of Mg, 0.25% of Cu and the balance of aluminum, wherein the content of Fe element impurity is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.2%, the single content of Fe element impurity and the total content of other impurity element are less than or equal to 0.01%.
The refining and modification furnace of the present invention refers to an apparatus for refining and modification of metals, which is commonly used in the metallurgical and metal processing fields, for heating, melting and treating raw metals to remove impurities and improve the quality and performance of the metals. This can increase the hardness, strength, and other properties of the metal by refining and modification. It should be noted that the specific design and method of operation of the refining and modification furnace may vary from metal to metal and process to process. Different types of metals and alloys may require different types of furnaces and processes. In addition, safe handling and environmental protection are also very important considerations in metal smelting and processing.
Degassing and deslagging refining is a metal smelting process that improves metal purity and quality by removing oxygen, dross, and other impurities from an aluminum alloy melt. These steps play an important role in different metal smelting processes to ensure that a satisfactory high quality metal product is produced.
The stokehold modification treatment of the aluminum-silicon alloy means that in the melting process of the aluminum-silicon alloy, a proper amount of modifier is added to adjust the structure of the alloy and improve the performance of the alloy, and the addition of the modifier for the aluminum-strontium alloy can change the solidification behavior of the aluminum-silicon alloy and promote the precipitation of fine silicon phases so as to refine the crystal grains of the alloy; the aluminum-silicon alloy can obtain higher strength, hardness and wear resistance.
Aging ovens are commonly used to age aluminum alloys because the aluminum alloys need to be aged after solution treatment (solutionizing) to achieve optimal material properties. Solution treatment is achieved by dissolving solute elements in a metallic material into a matrix by heating, followed by rapid cooling; after the solution treatment, the mechanical properties of the material are not fully optimized, and therefore, an aging treatment is required. The heat treatment process of the invention increases the artificial aging temperature, and as the artificial aging temperature increases, the supersaturated solid solution obtained by quenching gradually separates out solute atoms, so that the degree of lattice distortion of the alloy is reduced, the internal stress is reduced, the electron movement is easy, the conductivity is gradually increased, and the more fully the strengthening phase is separated out due to the increase of the aging temperature, the conductivity of the alloy is increased.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way; those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is well adapted to carry out the ends of the same out as described herein; however, those skilled in the art will appreciate that many modifications, adaptations, and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings without departing from the scope of the invention; meanwhile, any equivalent changes, modifications and evolution of the above embodiments according to the essential technology of the present invention still fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The high-conductivity aluminum alloy casting is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 2.0 to 4.3 percent of Si, 0.2 to 1.0 percent of Mg, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of Cu and the balance of aluminum.
2. The high-conductivity aluminum alloy casting according to claim 1, wherein the impurity elements in the high-conductivity aluminum alloy casting contain Fe and the remaining impurity elements, wherein Fe is not more than 0.2%, the remaining impurity element content is not more than 0.1% in total, and the remaining impurity elements are not more than 0.01% individually.
3. The high conductivity aluminum alloy casting of claim 1, wherein the high conductivity aluminum alloy casting has a conductivity exceeding 50% iacs at room temperature and a tensile strength exceeding 275MPa.
4. The method for preparing a high-conductivity aluminum alloy casting according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, melting aluminum-silicon alloy to obtain aluminum alloy melt A, and standing for heat preservation;
s2, adding the aluminum strontium alloy into the aluminum alloy melt A for stokehold modification, then adding a magnesium block and an Al-Cu alloy block, and obtaining an aluminum alloy melt B after the magnesium block and the Al-Cu alloy block are completely melted;
s3, uniformly scattering a layer of slag remover on the liquid surface of the aluminum alloy melt B, rubbing for 2-5min, and removing surface scum; uniformly spreading a layer of slag remover on the liquid surface, removing the slag remover at the middle part of the liquid surface to the periphery, and inserting a rotary blowing refining rotor for degassing refining; after refining, removing scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, and carrying out degassing, deslagging and refining treatment to obtain an aluminum alloy melt C;
s4, preparing the refined aluminum alloy melt C into an aluminum alloy casting, and performing heat treatment on the aluminum alloy casting to obtain the high-conductivity aluminum alloy casting.
5. The method for producing a high-conductivity aluminum alloy casting according to claim 4, wherein a tool to be brought into contact with an aluminum liquid of an aluminum-silicon alloy is preheated to 150 to 250 ℃ before use, then zinc oxide paint is applied, and then drying treatment is performed at a temperature of 300 to 600 ℃.
6. The method for preparing a high-conductivity aluminum alloy casting according to claim 4, wherein the specific process of the stokehold modification treatment in S2 is as follows:
transferring the aluminum alloy melt into a refining and modifying furnace, preheating the aluminum strontium alloy, then placing the aluminum strontium alloy into a crucible, pouring the aluminum alloy melt A into the refining and modifying furnace, placing the crucible into the refining and modifying furnace, keeping the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt at 690-720 ℃, and stirring for 3-5min by using a bell jar, so that the aluminum alloy melt A is subjected to stokehold modification treatment, wherein the tapping temperature of the refining and modifying furnace is 700-720 ℃.
7. The method for preparing high-conductivity aluminum alloy castings according to claim 4, wherein the addition amount of the slag removing agent in the step S3 is 0.15% -0.2% of the weight of the aluminum alloy melt; the addition amount of the aluminum-strontium alloy in the S2 is 0.05-0.15% of the weight of the aluminum-silicon alloy.
8. The method for producing a high-conductivity aluminum alloy casting according to claim 4, wherein the treatment temperature for the degassing and deslagging refining treatment in S3 is 690-720 ℃, and the treatment time is 15-60min.
9. The method for preparing the high-conductivity aluminum alloy casting according to claim 4, wherein a natural gas melting furnace is adopted for melting the aluminum-silicon alloy, the tapping temperature of the natural gas melting furnace is 720-740 ℃, and the heat preservation temperature of the aluminum alloy melt A is 690-720 ℃.
10. The method for preparing a high-conductivity aluminum alloy casting according to claim 4, wherein the heat treatment comprises the following steps:
placing the aluminum alloy casting into a solution furnace with the temperature of 525-545 ℃, preserving the heat for 4-10h, and then carrying out water quenching; transferring the aluminum alloy casting into an aging furnace with the temperature of 200-250 ℃ after water quenching, preserving heat for 1-4h, and then performing air cooling to obtain a high-conductivity aluminum alloy casting; wherein the time for transferring the aluminum alloy casting from the solution furnace to the aging furnace is not more than 24 hours, and the time from the solution furnace to the water quenching is not more than 1min.
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Effective date of registration: 20260120 Address after: 712046 Shaanxi Province Xi'an City Qindu District Century Avenue East Section 013.NO Patentee after: Xi'an Xikai Precision Casting Co.,Ltd. Country or region after: China Patentee after: XI'AN XD SWITCHGEAR ELECTIC Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: CHINA XD ELECTRIC Co.,Ltd. Address before: No.013, east section of Shiji Avenue, Qindu District, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province Patentee before: Xi'an Xikai Precision Casting Co.,Ltd. Country or region before: China Patentee before: CHINA XD ELECTRIC Co.,Ltd. |