CN1169910C - Method for producing syngas by plasma pyrolysis and gasification of biomass - Google Patents
Method for producing syngas by plasma pyrolysis and gasification of biomass Download PDFInfo
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- CN1169910C CN1169910C CNB011299312A CN01129931A CN1169910C CN 1169910 C CN1169910 C CN 1169910C CN B011299312 A CNB011299312 A CN B011299312A CN 01129931 A CN01129931 A CN 01129931A CN 1169910 C CN1169910 C CN 1169910C
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- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000009272 plasma gasification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000050510 Cunninghamia lanceolata Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007233 catalytic pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003265 pulping liquor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001149 thermolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Landscapes
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种用等离子体热解气化生物质制取合成气的方法，包括：工作气体(7)氢气、CH4或水蒸气在直流电弧等离子体发生器(4)中被电离成高温等离子体，并喷射入等离子体气化反应器(5)热解区形成3000-10000K高温环境；少量生物质原料经螺旋进料器(10)被载气(8)CH4或CO2携带喷入等离子体气化反应器(5)热解区，形成大量活性离子存在的高温反应环境；大量生物质原料经螺旋进料器(10-1)进入等离子体气化反应器(5)气化区与水蒸气发生器(2)产生并经过热的蒸汽(3)在反应器高温区进行快速热解气化反应生成粗的化学合成气；此法可提高气化效率和气体品位，彻底消除焦油。
The invention relates to a method for producing synthesis gas by plasma pyrolysis and gasification of biomass, comprising: working gas (7) hydrogen, CH4 or water vapor is ionized into a high temperature in a DC arc plasma generator (4) Plasma, and sprayed into the pyrolysis zone of the plasma gasification reactor (5) to form a high temperature environment of 3000-10000K; a small amount of biomass raw material is carried by the carrier gas ( 8 ) CH4 or CO2 through the screw feeder (10) and sprayed into the pyrolysis zone of the plasma gasification reactor (5), forming a high-temperature reaction environment in which a large number of active ions exist; a large amount of biomass raw materials enter the plasma gasification reactor (5) through the screw feeder (10-1) for gasification zone and the steam generator (2) and the hot steam (3) undergoes rapid pyrolysis and gasification reaction in the high temperature zone of the reactor to generate crude chemical synthesis gas; this method can improve the gasification efficiency and gas grade, and completely eliminate tar.
Description
Affiliated technical field:
The high effect cleaning that the present invention relates to biomass is produced a kind of novel method of synthetic gas, further relates to a kind of method of producing synthetic gas with the plasma pyrolysis gasified bio-matter.
Technical background:
Because the supply of petroleum resources reserves finite sum world market is unstable, comes into one's own day by day from synthetic gas manufacturing chemistry product.Synthetic gas mainly obtains by approach such as gasification, natural gas gasifying and heavy residual oil gasifications at present.Biomass are a kind of renewable energy sources, and reserves are very abundant, and energy utilization can realize CO as an alternative
2Zero release, and S wherein, N content are low, alleviate Greenhouse effect and environmental pollution greatly.The efficient utilization research of relevant biomass mainly concentrates on burning both at home and abroad, gasification utilizes the aspect, obtains combustible gas by gasification and comes combustion heat supplying or generating.Conventional biomass pyrogenation gasification efficient is low, and the inflammable gas calorific value is lower, and the tar that gasification produces is more, causes the gas-purification difficulty, waste energy and resource.External employing catalytic pyrolysis reduces the tar content in the gasifying gas, but the inflammable gas production cost is increased greatly, and tar still fails to eliminate fully.
Plasma technique studies show that aspect coal, natural gas pyrolysis system acetylene and the papermaking thick black liquid processing in recent years: plasma body is not only as thermal barrier, and can participate in pyrolysis, and product exists with solid phase and gas phase form.Chinese patent application (88101785.X) is come reactor heating with air plasma as outer thermal source, reclaim chemical by thermolysis spent pulping liquor, generating molten mass (alkali and sulphur in the waste liquid) and gas (the organic part in the waste liquid) discharges respectively, keep reaction zone spatial high temperature like this, energy expenditure is big, technological design simultaneously and system's control more complicated.Chinese patent application (90101614.4) then adopts nitrogen, nitrogen hydrogen mixeding gas as working gas, black liquor directly sprayed into carry out pyrolysis in the plasma flame district, obtain pressed powder and inflammable gas, a nitrogen content height in the one side working gas, the gaseous product separation difficulty, can't directly obtain synthetic gas, black liquor directly decomposes at high-temperature plasma on the other hand, and energy consumption is also bigger.Chinese patent application 96199884 discloses the method and apparatus of producing coal gas with the plasma pyrolysis gasification of coal, it is with coal and air preheating together, generation low-temperature plasma stream, send into reaction chamber later on, coal of sending in a large number afterwards and air carry out perfect combustion and gasification under this reaction chamber hot environment.Extensively and a large amount of solid biomass such as wood powder, husks etc. that exist, be a kind of fine potential energy, be not reported so far with the plasma pyrolysis method that wood powder, husk class solid biomass produce synthetic gas that gasifies.
The purpose of invention:
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of gasification efficiency and gas grade of improving, thoroughly eliminate tar, improve prepared using and be worth, eliminate environmental pollution and cut down the consumption of energy produce the method for synthetic gas with plasma pyrolysis gasified bio-matter-animals and plants powder.
The technical scheme of invention:
A kind ofly produce the method for synthetic gas, comprise successively with the plasma pyrolysis gasified bio-matter:
Working gas 7 is ionized to high-temperature plasma in dc arc plasma generator 4, and spurts into plasma gasification reactor 5 pyrolysis zone formation 3000-10000K hot environment;
A small amount of biomass material is carried by carrier gas 8 through feeding screw 10 and sprays into plasma gasification reactor 5 pyrolysis zone, forms the pyroreaction environment that a large amount of active ions exist;
The large number of biological raw material enters plasma gasification reactor 5 gasification zones and water vapour producer 2 through feeding screw 10-1 and produces and carry out the fast pyrogenation gasification reaction through superheated steam 3 in the reactor high temperature district, generates thick chemosynthesis gas;
To the aftertreatment of purifying of thick chemosynthesis gas.
Working gas of the present invention is selected from hydrogen, CH
4Or a kind of in the water vapour or two kinds.Carrier gas is CH
4Or/and CO
2CH
4Or CO
2Participate in the pyrolytic gasification reaction in plasma gasification reactor 5 gasification zones.Biomass of the present invention in the plasma gasification reactor under the anoxybiotic state without the direct pyrolytic gasification of burning, with Chinese patent application 96199884 described coals with air carries out perfect combustion under the reaction chamber hot environment and gasification has tangible difference.
Biomass material of the present invention comprises the animals and plants dried powder, and fineness is 60～100mesh (order).
Purification postprocessing working procedures of the present invention is included in grey chamber 6 and carries out sedimentation and preliminary cooling, and reaction residues further settles down by cyclone separation system 12, and gaseous product separates wherein impurity (as: CO by filtering system 13 more successively with chemical absorption system 14
2, H
2S etc.), finally obtain the higher chemosynthesis gas (CO+H of purity
2) 15.
The present invention produces the synthetic gas device with the plasma pyrolysis gasified bio-matter and mainly is made up of with purification system, feeding screw 10,10-1 and Controlling System, water vapour producer 2 etc. DC arc plasma Controlling System 1 and producer 4, plasma gasification reactor 5, cooling 9.Plasma generator and grey chamber all lower the temperature by water coolant 9, and reactor adopts thermal insulation layer 11 to reduce calorific loss.Flow by adjusting water vapour and biomass kind obtain the synthetic gas and the by product of different purposes in addition, and the recyclable utilization of the heat of cooling system provides the water vapor of reaction needed.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is for to produce the synthetic gas device with the plasma pyrolysis gasified bio-matter.Among the figure, 1. DC arc plasma Controlling System, 2. water vapour producer, 3. superheated vapo(u)r, 4. plasma generator, 5. plasma gasification reactor, 6. grey chamber, 7. working gas, 8. carrier gas, 9. water coolant, 10. feeding screw, 11. thermal insulation layers, 12 cyclone separation systems, 13. filtering system, 14. chemical absorption systems, 15. chemosynthesis gas.
In following examples, will further specify the present invention, but the present invention will not be construed as limiting.
Embodiment one:
Working gas H
2Be ionized the about 5000K high-temperature plasma of formation at dc arc plasma generator 4, spray into plasma gasification reactor 5 pyrolysis zone; Biomass 80mesh China fir powder through feeding screw 10 with the speed of 2kg/h by carrier gas CH
48 carry and enter reactor 5 taper reducing Φ 30 pyrolysis zone, produce a large amount of active particles and enter the gasification zone through reactor taper reducing, and temperature is higher than 3000K; This moment, biomass China fir powder entered in the reactor gasification zone with 8kg/h speed through feeding screw 10-1, process superheated steam 3 (150～200 ℃) of water vapour producer 2 generations simultaneously also enter the reactor gasification zone with the speed of 8～12kg/h, carry out fast pyrogenation gasification reaction 3～10ms, the existence of reactor lower part taper reducing Φ 30 has prolonged residence time of material, reaction is compared thoroughly, the residue that gaseous product carries is after the 6 preliminary sedimentations of grey chamber, entering cyclonic separator 12 further separates and cooling, subparticle is removed by system 13 after filtration again, enters chemical absorption system 14 and removes CO
2, H
2S, NH
3Deng, obtain chemosynthesis gas 15 at last, H
2Reach 95～99%, H with the content of CO
2With the ratio of CO be 1.8～2.2.
Embodiment two:
With CH
4Replace H
2As working gas, with CO
2Replaced C H
4Carry out the same with embodiment one reaction of producing synthetic gas, the not obviously difference of chemosynthesis gas that obtains at last and embodiment one, H as carrier gas with the plasma pyrolysis gasified bio-matter
2Reach 95～99%, H with the content of CO
2With the ratio of CO be 1.8～2.2.
The present invention has following outstanding advantages and good effect:
1, take full advantage of high temperature, the high-energy reaction environment that hot plasma provides, the gasification efficiency height, thoroughly crack biomass becomes Be micro-molecular gas, make gasification not have tar and form, eliminated environmental pollution.
2, utilize the solid biomass self-characteristic, the oxygen content usury is in forming CO gas, and sulphur, nitrogen content is low to reduce synthesis gas The refining load that purifies, moisture is higher, can participate in gasification reaction, can omit drying process.
3, sectional feeding can provide a large amount of active ions to participate in the plasma gasification reaction, greatly reduces the energy consumption of system.
4, whole processing procedure all is among the closed system; Working gas is hydrogen, CH4Or steam; CH is adopted in carrier gas4Or CO2, they have participated in the pyrolytic gasification reaction, do not affect gaseous product and form.
5, the gasification mist in H2With CO be main, CO2、H
2S、NH
3Very low Deng impurity content, the gas purification process is simple. The origin of heat of working gas steam is in the cooling heat release of gasifying gas.
6, working gas forms, the biomass material type by adjusting, and can obtain synthesis gas and the accessory substance of different purposes.
7, reactor taper reducing existence has prolonged residence time of material, and reaction is carried out fully.
Claims (3)
1. produce the method for synthetic gas with the plasma pyrolysis gasified bio-matter for one kind, comprise successively:
Working gas (7) is ionized to high-temperature plasma in dc arc plasma generator (4), and to spurt into plasma gasification reactor (5) pyrolysis zone formation temperature be the hot environment of 3000-10000K, and working gas is selected from hydrogen, CH
4Or a kind of in the water vapour or two kinds;
A small amount of biomass material through feeding screw (10) by CH
4Or/and CO
2Carrier gas (8) is carried and is sprayed into plasma gasification reactor (5) pyrolysis zone, forms the pyroreaction environment that a large amount of active ions exist;
The large number of biological raw material enters plasma gasification reactor (5) gasification zone and water vapour producer (2) through feeding screw (10-1) and produces and carry out the fast pyrogenation gasification reaction through superheated steam (3) in the reactor high temperature district, generates thick chemosynthesis gas;
To the aftertreatment of purifying of thick chemosynthesis gas.
2. according to claim 1ly a kind ofly produce the method for synthetic gas, it is characterized in that biomass material comprises the animals and plants dried powder with the plasma pyrolysis gasified bio-matter.
3. according to claim 1 and 2ly a kind ofly produce the method for synthetic gas, it is characterized in that biomass material dried powder fineness is the 60-100 order with the plasma pyrolysis gasified bio-matter.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB011299312A CN1169910C (en) | 2001-11-20 | 2001-11-20 | Method for producing syngas by plasma pyrolysis and gasification of biomass |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB011299312A CN1169910C (en) | 2001-11-20 | 2001-11-20 | Method for producing syngas by plasma pyrolysis and gasification of biomass |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1420155A CN1420155A (en) | 2003-05-28 |
| CN1169910C true CN1169910C (en) | 2004-10-06 |
Family
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB011299312A Expired - Fee Related CN1169910C (en) | 2001-11-20 | 2001-11-20 | Method for producing syngas by plasma pyrolysis and gasification of biomass |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1169910C (en) |
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| US8349046B2 (en) * | 2009-04-30 | 2013-01-08 | Enerjetik Llc | Method of making syngas and apparatus therefor |
| CN101638590B (en) * | 2009-08-24 | 2012-09-19 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | A method for producing synthesis gas by chemical looping gasification of combustible solid waste and serial fluidized bed reactor |
| CN101693845B (en) * | 2009-10-28 | 2012-09-05 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Method and device for preparing high-quality biological oil from biomass by selective pyrolysis |
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| CN102061196A (en) * | 2011-01-27 | 2011-05-18 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Power generation method and device adopting plasma gasification of household garbage and biomass |
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| US9376639B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-06-28 | Terrapower, Llc | Method and system for performing gasification of carbonaceous feedstock |
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| CN111088077B (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-11-24 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Large-scale biomass fixed-bed gasification system and method for determination of hot and cold gasification efficiency |
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2001
- 2001-11-20 CN CNB011299312A patent/CN1169910C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN1420155A (en) | 2003-05-28 |
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Assignee: Dongguan Baida New Energy Co., Ltd. Assignor: Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences Contract record no.: 2011440000728 Denomination of invention: Process for producing synthetic gas by pyrolysis of gasified bio-matter using plasma Granted publication date: 20041006 License type: Exclusive License Open date: 20030528 Record date: 20110713 |
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