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CN1169214A - Speed Control Device for Series Excited Motor - Google Patents

Speed Control Device for Series Excited Motor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1169214A
CN1169214A CN96191587A CN96191587A CN1169214A CN 1169214 A CN1169214 A CN 1169214A CN 96191587 A CN96191587 A CN 96191587A CN 96191587 A CN96191587 A CN 96191587A CN 1169214 A CN1169214 A CN 1169214A
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China
Prior art keywords
potentiometer
trigger pulse
power supply
trigger
motor
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Pending
Application number
CN96191587A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
马格努斯·卡尔·威尔海姆·林德马克
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Electrolux AB
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Electrolux AB
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Publication of CN1169214A publication Critical patent/CN1169214A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
    • H02P25/10—Commutator motors, e.g. repulsion motors
    • H02P25/14—Universal motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
    • H02P25/18—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

In a speed control apparatus for a series motor (10) powered by an AC power source (16, 17), the free ends of the rotor coils (13) are connected to one end (16) of the power source, the free ends of the stator coils (L1, L2) are connected to the other end (17) of the power source via a first bidirectional thyristor (19), and the stator coils (L1, L2) have a center tap (U) connected to the other end (17) of the power source via a second bidirectional thyristor (20). Means (P1, 22, 23; P2, 24, 25) are provided for generating and supplying a first trigger pulse to the first triac (19) and a second trigger pulse to the second triac (20). The trigger pulse generating means (P1, 22, 23; P2, 24, 25) provide the second trigger pulse only when the first triac (19) is fully on.

Description

串激电机的速度控制装置Speed Control Device for Series Excited Motor

本发明涉及一种串激电机的速度控制装置，所述电机的动力来自交流电源，转子线圈的自由端接到电源的一端，定子线圈的自由端经过一个第一双向可控硅整流器接到电源的另一端，定子线圈有一个中间抽头，经过一个第二双向可控硅整流器接到电源的另一端。这种装置在后面的权利要求1的序言中被定义。The invention relates to a speed control device for a series-excited motor, the power of the motor comes from an AC power supply, the free end of the rotor coil is connected to one end of the power supply, and the free end of the stator coil is connected to the power supply through a first bidirectional silicon controlled rectifier The other end of the stator coil has a center tap, which is connected to the other end of the power supply through a second bidirectional thyristor rectifier. Such means are defined in the preamble of claim 1 below.

在DE-A-3200753中描述了所表示的该类装置。在这种装置中，为了产生触发脉冲加到各个双向可控硅整流器的控制极上，提供了一个控制电路。藉助于定子线圈提供的中间抽头，当电机工作在低速范围时可利用全部定子线圈，反之，当电机工作在高速范围时可利用减少了的线圈，电机的磁化强度相应地较低。A device of the type represented is described in DE-A-3200753. In this arrangement, a control circuit is provided for generating trigger pulses to be applied to the gate electrodes of the respective triacs. With the help of the middle tap provided by the stator coil, all the stator coils can be used when the motor works in the low speed range. Conversely, when the motor works in the high speed range, the reduced coils can be used, and the magnetization of the motor is correspondingly low.

试验证明，当驱动参照上述的该类串激电机而功率范围超过约1000W时，所述装置对避免在从交流主电网来的电流中谐波度增加的问题是很有用的。Tests have shown that said device is useful for avoiding the problem of increased harmonics in the current coming from the AC mains when driving series motors of the type referred to above in a power range exceeding about 1000W.

利用该类型闸流晶体管或三端双向可控硅的整流器的相位控制可能是依次产生正弦谐波瞬变的原因。如果一个所参照的该类电机在超过约1000W的功率范围内工作，那么谐波度将不允许太高，否则，引起的干扰会影响连接在电网中的其他设备。着手解决这个问题的一种方法是利用包括电感或电容装置的滤波器，或者利用PWM(脉冲宽度调制)调节器。这些解决方法的公共特点是电机(例如，最大功率约1500W)要接在真空清洁器中，但免不了增加成本，增加了产品的总成本，这是不希望的。Phase control of rectifiers utilizing thyristors or triacs of this type may be responsible for the sequential generation of sinusoidal harmonic transients. If a referenced motor of this type operates in a power range exceeding about 1000W, the degree of harmonics must not be too high, otherwise, the disturbances caused will affect other equipment connected to the grid. One way to approach this problem is to use filters comprising inductive or capacitive devices, or to use PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) regulators. The common feature of these solutions is that the motor (for example, with a maximum power of about 1500W) will be connected in the vacuum cleaner, but it will inevitably increase the cost and increase the total cost of the product, which is not desirable.

本发明的目的是提供一个上述的该类串激电机的控制装置，允许功率负荷在上述预定的可接受值上直至1500W而没有任何谐波度的增加。达到这个目的是藉结合权利要求1的特性的控制装置。The object of the present invention is to provide a control device for series motors of the type described above, which allows power loads up to 1500W above the predetermined acceptable values without any increase in harmonics. This object is achieved by a control device incorporating the features of claim 1 .

现在，参照如下附图，结合两个实施例来详细地描述本发明，其中：Now, with reference to following accompanying drawing, describe the present invention in detail in conjunction with two embodiments, wherein:

图1表示按照本发明第一个实施例的控制装置的电路图；Fig. 1 shows the circuit diagram according to the control device of the first embodiment of the present invention;

图2表示按照本发明第二个实施例的控制装置的电路图；Fig. 2 represents the circuit diagram according to the control device of the second embodiment of the present invention;

图3分别表示在按照图1的装置中电机电流的波形图和中间抽头电压的波形图。图中表示了三个分图a，b和c。FIG. 3 shows the waveform diagram of the motor current and the waveform diagram of the center tap voltage in the arrangement according to FIG. 1, respectively. Three subgraphs a, b and c are shown in the figure.

在图1中，串激电机10以普通的方式接有电刷11、12和转子线圈  (即图上的标记13)，转子线圈的两端经过一个换向器14分别连到电刷11、12。电刷11经导体15连到交流电源(例如交流电压是230v，频率是50Hz)的一端16。交流电源的另一端标为17，经过导体18连到电路的公共结点P。In Fig. 1, the series excitation motor 10 is connected with brushes 11, 12 and rotor coils (namely 13 on the figure) in a common way, and the two ends of the rotor coils are respectively connected to brushes 11, 12 through a commutator 14. 12. The brush 11 is connected to one end 16 of an AC power supply (such as an AC voltage of 230v and a frequency of 50Hz) via a conductor 15. The other end of the AC source is marked 17 and is connected via conductor 18 to a common node P of the circuit.

电机中的电刷12连到定子线圈的一端，定子线圈由线圈L1和L2组成，其之间有一中间抽头U。线圈L2的自由端经过一个第一双向可控硅整流器(例如三端双向可控硅)19连到结点P。中间抽头U经过一个第二双向可控硅整流器(三端双向可控硅类型)20连到结点P。没有任何的功能改变，电机就能被提供一个分开的定子线圈，与线圈L1，L2相对应的线圈的一半接在电刷11和导体15之间。这半个线圈没有中间抽头。The brushes 12 in the motor are connected to one end of the stator coil consisting of coils L1 and L2 with a center tap U between them. The free end of coil L2 is connected to node P via a first bidirectional thyristor (for example a triac) 19 . The center tap U is connected to node P via a second triac (triac type) 20 . Without any functional change, the motor can be provided with a separate stator coil, the half of the coil corresponding to the coils L1, L2 being connected between the brush 11 and the conductor 15. This half of the coil has no center tap.

双向可控硅19的第一触发电路包括一个电位器P1，经电容22连到结点P。电位器P1和电容22之间的结点经DIAC型触发部件23连到可控硅19的控制板。The first trigger circuit of triac 19 comprises a potentiometer P1 connected to node P via capacitor 22 . The junction between potentiometer P1 and capacitor 22 is connected to the control board of thyristor 19 via DIAC type trigger element 23 .

双向可控硅20的第二触发电路由一个电位器P2经电容24连到结点P所组成。电位器P2的另一端经导体25和导体15连到交流电源的一端16。电位器P2和电容24之间的结点经DIAC型触发部件25连到可控硅20的控制板。电位器P1和P2机械互连(理由下述)。互连用虚线26表示。The second trigger circuit of the bidirectional thyristor 20 is composed of a potentiometer P2 connected to the node P via a capacitor 24 . The other end of the potentiometer P2 is connected to one end 16 of the AC power supply via the conductor 25 and the conductor 15. The junction between potentiometer P2 and capacitor 24 is connected to the control board of thyristor 20 via DIAC type trigger element 25 . Potentiometers P1 and P2 are mechanically interconnected (for reasons described below). Interconnects are indicated by dashed lines 26 .

现在参照图3描述按照图1装置的功能。在较低的功率范围内，例如最高为1000W时，可控硅19用来控制电机10的速度至所需的量级。由于采用了相位控制，直至在与所采用的相应电流的功率量级上也不会引起速率超过所用值的谐波。The function of the device according to FIG. 1 will now be described with reference to FIG. 3 . In a lower power range, for example up to 1000W, the thyristor 19 is used to control the speed of the motor 10 to a desired level. Due to the phase control, no harmonics are induced at a rate exceeding the value used up to a power level corresponding to the current used.

触发电路中的可控硅19与电位器P1，电容22和DIAC23构成的触发电路一起，其功能与常规方式相同，如图3a所示，触发电路在所需时间t1-由电位器P1的设置来确定-发出触发信号，可控硅19开始导通。然后，可控硅在静上的半周期内继续导通。在下半个负周期内，情况一样。The thyristor 19 in the trigger circuit is together with the trigger circuit formed by the potentiometer P1, the capacitor 22 and DIAC23, and its function is the same as the conventional method, as shown in Figure 3a, the trigger circuit is set at the required time t1- by To determine-send a trigger signal, and the thyristor 19 starts conducting. The SCR then continues to conduct during the rest half cycle. During the second half of the negative cycle, the situation is the same.

当电机在较高的、与直至最大功率的功率量级相对应的速度范围内被驱动时，可利用电机中较低磁化强度的现象使之能够令电机工作在较高的速度上。然后，电机的驱动经中间抽头U受可控硅20所控制并且线圈L2不接。发生这种情况而不致于有问题的先决条件是可控硅20能够开始导通之前，可控硅19是完全导通的，即从半周开始一直是导通的。为此，两电位器的端底是同轴联接的，即它们可以配置成在同一根轴上，并且在这种方法中，在P2允许留下零位或最大阻抗位之前，电位器P1是最小阻抗位置。这种情况表示在图3b中，图中表示了可控硅19怎样从半周开始导通到点t2的，其中P2的工作是触发脉冲被发出到可控硅20引起滞后导通。正如所表明的那样，中间抽头的电流从I1值增加到较高的I2值，并且然后跟随较高的曲线I′直至半周结束。在图3c中，中间抽头电压U表示它也是可控硅19两端的导通电压。当可控硅20开始导通时，时间t2上的电压变负，从而关闭可控硅19。这对于获得所需要的功能是重要的。如果可控硅19还继续导通，那么可能在线圈L1中产生发热的问题。The phenomenon of lower magnetization in the motor can be used to make it possible to operate the motor at higher speeds when the motor is driven in a higher speed range corresponding to the power level up to the maximum power. Then, the driving of the motor is controlled by the thyristor 20 through the center tap U and the coil L2 is not connected. A prerequisite for this to occur without problems is that the thyristor 19 is fully conducting, ie has been conducting from half a cycle onwards, before the thyristor 20 can start conducting. For this reason, the end bottoms of the two potentiometers are coaxially connected, that is, they can be configured on the same axis, and in this method, before P2 is allowed to leave zero or maximum impedance, the potentiometer P1 is Minimum impedance position. This situation is shown in Figure 3b, which shows how SCR 19 conducts from half a cycle to point t2, where the operation of P2 is that a trigger pulse is sent to SCR 20 causing a hysteresis to conduct. As indicated, the current in the center tap increases from the I1 value to the higher I2 value, and then follows the higher curve I' until the end of the half cycle. In FIG. 3 c , the center tap voltage U indicates that it is also the turn-on voltage across the thyristor 19 . When the thyristor 20 starts to conduct, the voltage at time t2 goes negative, turning off the thyristor 19 . This is important to obtain the desired functionality. If the thyristor 19 continues to conduct, then there may be a problem of heat generation in the coil L1.

图2表示了本发明的另一个实施例，在该装置中，通用型集成电子控制电路27代替了图1中的简单触发电路。正如图1中的那样，电机由可控硅19、20控制，其他的同一部件的参考标记数字与图1中的一样。控制电路有一个输出TR1经导体28连到可控硅19的控制板。此外，控制电路还有一个输出TR2经导体29连到可控硅20的控制板。控制电路27的输入IN有一个藉助于电位器P3而可改变的电压或电流，目的是在电机的整个速度范围内设置所需的速度。电位器P3能够用别的设定装置来代替，例如压敏装置(真空盒)用来自动设置和控制所需的速度。另一方面，设置装置能在输入端IN上利用一个数字信号来包容所需速度上的信号。在控制电路27上端子A连到结点P。FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the present invention in which a general-purpose integrated electronic control circuit 27 replaces the simple trigger circuit of FIG. 1 . As in Fig. 1, the motor is controlled by thyristors 19, 20, and other identical parts have the same reference numerals as in Fig. 1 . The control circuit has an output TR1 connected via conductor 28 to the control board of the thyristor 19 . In addition, the control circuit has an output TR2 connected to the control board of the thyristor 20 via a conductor 29 . The input IN of the control circuit 27 has a variable voltage or current by means of a potentiometer P3 in order to set the desired speed over the entire speed range of the motor. Potentiometer P3 can be replaced by another setting device, such as a pressure sensitive device (vacuum box) to automatically set and control the desired speed. On the other hand, the setting means can use a digital signal at the input IN to accommodate the signal at the required speed. Terminal A is connected to node P on the control circuit 27 .

按照图2所示本发明的实施例的功能与图1实施例的功能相似。不过，条件的使用与以前的相同，即在可控硅20能够开始导通之前可控硅19必须完全导通。于是，这个条件能够加入到控制电路27中，例如，在输出TR2上发出触发脉冲仅仅是在当设置装置P3被设置的速度比在第一输出(TR1)上触发脉冲使第一双向可控硅整流器(19)完全导通时的速度还要高的时候。控制电路可以是一台微型计算机，控制参数可以用已知的方法编程。The function of the embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 2 is similar to that of the embodiment of FIG. 1 . However, the same condition applies as before, namely that the thyristor 19 must be fully conductive before the thyristor 20 can start conducting. This condition can then be added to the control circuit 27, for example, sending a trigger pulse on output TR2 only when setting means P3 is set faster than trigger pulses on the first output (TR1) make the first triac The speed when the rectifier (19) is fully turned on is even higher. The control circuit can be a microcomputer, and the control parameters can be programmed by known methods.

Claims (5)

1.一种串激电机(10)的速度控制装置，电机动力来自交流电源(16，17)，转子线圈(13)的自由端接在电源的一端(16)上，定子线圈(L1，L2)的自由端经第一双向可控硅整流器(19)接在电源的另一端(17)，定子线圈(L1，L2)有一个中间抽头(U)，经第二双向可控硅整流器(20)连接到电源的另一端(17)，其特征在于：设有用来产生第一触发脉冲并将其加到第一可控硅整流器(19)的装置(P1，22，23；P2，24，25)，还产生第二触发脉冲并将其加到第二可控硅整流器(20)；所采用的触发脉冲产生装置(P1，22，23，P2，24，25)仅在第一可控硅整流器(19)完全导通时才提供第二触发脉冲。1. A speed control device for a series-excited motor (10), the motor power comes from an AC power supply (16, 17), the free end of the rotor coil (13) is connected to one end (16) of the power supply, and the stator coil (L1, L2 ) is connected to the other end (17) of the power supply through the first bidirectional thyristor rectifier (19). ) is connected to the other end (17) of the power supply, characterized in that: there are means (P1, 22, 23; P2, 24, 25), also generate the second trigger pulse and add it to the second thyristor rectifier (20); the trigger pulse generating device (P1, 22, 23, P2, 24, 25) adopted is only in the first controllable The second trigger pulse is only provided when the silicon rectifier (19) is fully turned on. 2.按照权利要求1的装置，其特征在于：触发脉冲产生装置(P1，22，23；P2，24，25)包括带有一个为第一可控硅整流器(19)的第一电位器P1的一个第一触发电路和带有一个为第二可控硅整流器(20)的第二电位器P2的一个第二触发电路，第一电位器(P1)的交流电压从定子线圈(L1，L2)的中间抽头(U)加进来，第二电位器(P2)的交流电压从交流电源的第一端(16)加进来，两个电位器(P1，P2)机械互连(26)，或者，否则的话，互相受控，即第二电位器(P2)的阻抗朝向这样的值改变：此值使电机的速度增加，且仅当第一电位器(P1)处于使第一双向可控硅整流器(19)完全导通时的位置时起作用。2. according to the device of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the trigger pulse generating device (P1,22,23; P2,24,25) comprises a first potentiometer P1 with a first silicon controlled rectifier (19) A first trigger circuit and a second trigger circuit with a second potentiometer P2 of the second silicon controlled rectifier (20), the AC voltage of the first potentiometer (P1) is from the stator coil (L1, L2 ), the AC voltage of the second potentiometer (P2) is added from the first terminal (16) of the AC power supply, and the two potentiometers (P1, P2) are mechanically interconnected (26), or , otherwise, mutually controlled, i.e. the impedance of the second potentiometer (P2) changes towards a value that increases the speed of the motor, and only when the first potentiometer (P1) is at the first triac It works when the rectifier (19) is fully on. 3.按照权利要求2的装置，其特征在于：第一和第二触发电路每一个都有一个串联电路，该串联电路包括各个电位器(P1，P2)和一个电容(22，24)，后者的另一端接到交流电源的第二端(17)，电位器(P1；P2)和电容(22；24)之间的结点经DIAC(23；25)接到各自的可控硅整流器(19，20)的控制板。3. according to the device of claim 2, it is characterized in that: each of first and second trigger circuit has a series circuit, and this series circuit comprises each potentiometer (P1, P2) and a capacitance (22, 24), after The other end of the one is connected to the second end (17) of the AC power supply, and the node between the potentiometer (P1; P2) and the capacitor (22; 24) is connected to the respective thyristor rectifiers via the DIAC (23; 25) (19, 20) of the control panel. 4.按照权利要求1的装置，其特征在于：触发脉冲产生装置包括一个集成控制电路(27)，该集成控制电路(27)包括一个设置部件(P3)，通过给输入端(IN)提供一个合适的电压、电流、数字信号或类似的信号在整个速度范围内设置电机的速度；所述的控制电路有一个第一输出端(TR1)用于发出触发脉冲给第一双向可控硅整流器(19)，还有一个第二输出端(TR2)用于发出触发脉冲给第二双向可控硅整流器(20)，仅当设置部件(P3)被设置来在第一输出端(TR1)上提供的触发脉冲使第一双向可控硅整流器(19)完全导通的时候，在第二输出端(TR2)上才发出触发脉冲。4. According to the device of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the trigger pulse generating device comprises an integrated control circuit (27), and the integrated control circuit (27) comprises a setting part (P3), by providing a A suitable voltage, current, digital signal or similar signal sets the speed of the motor over the entire speed range; said control circuit has a first output (TR1) for sending a trigger pulse to the first triac ( 19), there is also a second output terminal (TR2) for sending a trigger pulse to the second triac (20), only when the setting part (P3) is set to provide on the first output terminal (TR1) When the trigger pulse of the first bidirectional silicon controlled rectifier (19) is fully turned on, the trigger pulse is sent out on the second output terminal (TR2). 5.按照权利要求4的装置，其特征在于：设置部件(P3)是一个电位器，用来给控制电路(27)的输入端(IN)提供一个与所需速度相对应的电流或电压。5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the setting part (P3) is a potentiometer for supplying the input (IN) of the control circuit (27) with a current or voltage corresponding to the required speed.
CN96191587A 1995-01-24 1996-01-19 Speed Control Device for Series Excited Motor Pending CN1169214A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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SE9500244-0 1995-01-24
SE9500244A SE505506C2 (en) 1995-01-24 1995-01-24 Device for speed control of a series winding universal motor

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CN1169214A true CN1169214A (en) 1997-12-31

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KR (1) KR19980701559A (en)
CN (1) CN1169214A (en)
CA (1) CA2208071A1 (en)
SE (1) SE505506C2 (en)
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CN103828204A (en) * 2011-09-19 2014-05-28 Arm有限公司 An electronically controlled universal motor

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WO1999065140A1 (en) * 1998-06-05 1999-12-16 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Appliance having an a.c. series motor and having switching means for switching this motor to different speeds
JP4103229B2 (en) * 1999-02-22 2008-06-18 松下電器産業株式会社 Electric vacuum cleaner
AU2001293244B2 (en) 2000-09-12 2003-08-21 Filligent Limited Tobacco smoke filter
CN103546079B (en) * 2012-07-10 2017-02-08 北京友信宏科电子科技有限公司 Novel method and novel device for controlling series excited motor

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DE2365898A1 (en) * 1973-11-26 1976-12-16 Siemens Ag DEVICE FOR DETERMINING IMBALANCE VIBRATIONS IN THE SPIN DRUM OF A CENTRIFUGE
DE3200753A1 (en) * 1982-01-13 1983-07-21 AKO-Werke GmbH & Co KG, 7988 Wangen Circuit arrangement for setting the speed of a universal motor
DE3728609C2 (en) * 1987-08-27 1993-12-16 Licentia Gmbh Device for limiting the centrifugal starting current and for preventing uncontrolled operating states after power failures in washing machines
GB2270428B (en) * 1992-09-03 1996-11-20 Yang Tai Her Shunt type motor speed control circuit

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103828204A (en) * 2011-09-19 2014-05-28 Arm有限公司 An electronically controlled universal motor
CN103828204B (en) * 2011-09-19 2016-08-24 Arm有限公司 Electronically controlled general purpose motor

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CA2208071A1 (en) 1996-08-01
SE9500244D0 (en) 1995-01-24
SE505506C2 (en) 1997-09-08
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WO1996023349A1 (en) 1996-08-01
JPH10513036A (en) 1998-12-08
EP0872012A1 (en) 1998-10-21

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