CN116812132A - Ship fresh air pipeline type step precooling device and control method - Google Patents
Ship fresh air pipeline type step precooling device and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116812132A CN116812132A CN202310933798.4A CN202310933798A CN116812132A CN 116812132 A CN116812132 A CN 116812132A CN 202310933798 A CN202310933798 A CN 202310933798A CN 116812132 A CN116812132 A CN 116812132A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
- B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
- B63J2/02—Ventilation; Air-conditioning
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
- B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
- B63J2/02—Ventilation; Air-conditioning
- B63J2/10—Ventilating-shafts; Air-scoops
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
- B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
- B63J2/12—Heating; Cooling
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a ship fresh air pipeline type step precooling device and a control method, wherein the ship fresh air pipeline type step precooling device comprises a fresh air channel, an exhaust channel, a gravity type heat regeneration unit, a first coil pipe and a second coil pipe which are adjacent and are not communicated, and the fresh air channel is arranged close to the sea level; the air inlet side of the fresh air channel or the air outlet side of the air exhaust channel is communicated with the outside of the cabin, and the air outlet side of the fresh air channel or the air inlet side of the air exhaust channel is communicated with the inside of the cabin; the gravity type heat regeneration unit is arranged in the fresh air channel and is used for carrying out primary heat exchange on fresh air; the first coil pipe is arranged in the fresh air channel; the device is used for carrying out secondary heat exchange on fresh air; the second coil pipe is arranged in the fresh air channel; the device is used for carrying out three heat exchanges on fresh air; the gravity type heat regeneration unit also extends into the exhaust channel to recover the cold energy of exhaust air in the exhaust channel. This scheme carries out the step cooling of three times through retrieving the exhaust cold volume, utilizing the difference in temperature of sea water and new trend and the difference in temperature of air conditioner chilled water and new trend, is suitable for boats and ships hoist and mount or side dress moreover.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cold energy recovery and precooling of ship ventilation systems, in particular to a ship fresh air pipeline type step precooling device and a control method.
Background
The ship ventilation system is used for replacing polluted air in the ship cabin and keeping the air in the ship cabin fresh. When the ship ventilation system works, fresh air is extracted from the outside atmosphere and distributed through the air supply pipeline, and meanwhile, dirty air is extracted from the ship cabin through the air return pipeline and discharged out of the ship, so that the continuous replacement of the air in the ship cabin is kept. In summer, the temperature and humidity of the air at sea are very high. When fresh air is directly sent into the cabin, a large amount of heat load and wet load can be brought in, the air conditioning load is increased, the comfort of a crew is reduced, and the capacity requirement of the refrigerating unit is increased. The adoption of the exhaust air cooling capacity recovery is an effective method for solving the problem, but if the civil building exhaust air cooling capacity recovery scheme is simply used, the following disadvantages exist: 1) The heat recovery device has larger volume, occupies more space resources, has limited space for part of ships and is difficult to install; 2) The air return device has limited cooling and dehumidifying effects on fresh air due to the limitation of seasons and heat exchange efficiency of the heat recovery device; 3) Natural cold sources such as seawater cannot be utilized, and the efficiency is low; 4) After passing through the cold energy recovery device, the high-temperature fresh air in summer still needs to be circularly treated again through an air conditioning system.
The Chinese patent application with publication number of CN109018290A discloses an air conditioning system for cascade utilization of waste heat of a marine diesel engine, wherein the waste heat of the diesel engine is taken away in the form of exhaust gas, cooling water, lubricating oil and the like, and the cascade heating is realized by cascade recovery of the part of heat, so that the refrigeration energy consumption of the air conditioner is reduced. However, the equipment of the scheme is not compact enough and occupies a large area. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a fresh air pipeline type step precooling device and a control method for a ship, which are suitable for pipeline type installation and have good fitting property.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a ship fresh air pipeline type step precooling device and a control method, which have compact structures and can realize continuous precooling of fresh air steps.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
on one hand, the invention provides a ship fresh air pipeline type step precooling device, which comprises a fresh air channel (100) and an exhaust channel (200) which are adjacent and not communicated, wherein the fresh air channel (100) is arranged close to the sea level; the air inlet side of the fresh air channel (100) or the air outlet side of the air exhaust channel (200) is communicated with the outside of the cabin, and the air outlet side of the fresh air channel (100) or the air inlet side of the air exhaust channel (200) is communicated with the inside of the cabin; and also comprises
The gravity type heat regeneration unit (1) is arranged in the fresh air channel (100); the device is used for carrying out primary heat exchange on fresh air;
the first coil pipe (2) is arranged in the fresh air channel (100); the device is used for carrying out secondary heat exchange on fresh air;
the second coil pipe (3) is arranged in the fresh air channel (100); the device is used for carrying out three heat exchanges on fresh air;
the gravity type heat regeneration unit (1) also extends into the exhaust channel (200) to recover the cold energy of exhaust air in the exhaust channel (200).
On the basis of the technical scheme, preferably, the gravity type heat recovery unit (1) comprises at least one gravity type heat pipe (11), and the at least one gravity type heat pipe (11) extends along the preset direction and stretches into the exhaust channel (200); the gravity heat pipes (11) are hollow and filled with a first heat exchange medium (12), and the first heat exchange medium (12) exchanges heat with fresh air or exhaust air through the gravity heat pipes (11); the first heat exchange medium (12) performs gas-liquid phase change in at least one gravity assisted heat pipe (11), and the at least one gravity assisted heat pipe (11) stretches into the inner surface of the exhaust channel (200) to form a liquid film of the first heat exchange medium.
Preferably, the surface of the at least one gravity assisted heat pipe (11) is further provided with a plurality of heat exchange plates (13), and the plurality of heat exchange plates (13) are arranged around the surface of the at least one gravity assisted heat pipe (11); the heat exchange plates (13) are arranged at intervals along a preset direction and extend outwards from the surface of at least one gravity assisted heat pipe (11) along the air inlet direction or the air exhaust direction.
Preferably, a separation plate (300) is arranged between the fresh air channel (100) and the exhaust channel (200), at least one first through hole (400) is arranged on the separation plate (300), the at least one first through hole (400) is correspondingly arranged with at least one gravity assisted heat pipe (11), and the gravity assisted heat pipe (11) is in sealing connection with the first through hole (400).
Preferably, the first coil (2) is arranged at one end of the gravity type heat recovery unit (1) far away from the air inlet side of the fresh air channel (100), and the first coil (2) and the gravity type heat recovery unit (1) are arranged at intervals; a second heat exchange medium circularly flows in the first coil (2), and the flow direction of the second heat exchange medium in the fresh air channel (100) is different from the preset direction; the first coil pipe (2) is communicated with a seawater circulating pipeline.
Further preferably, the second coil (3) is arranged at one end of the first coil (2) close to the air outlet side of the fresh air channel (100), and the second coil (3) and the first coil (2) are arranged at intervals; a third heat exchange medium circularly flows in the second coil (3), and the flowing direction of the third heat exchange medium in the fresh air channel (100) is different from the preset direction; the second coil pipe (3) is communicated with a ship air conditioner chilled water circulation pipeline.
Preferably, the system further comprises a controller (4) and a plurality of temperature detection units T, wherein the temperature detection units T are respectively arranged in a seawater circulation pipeline, a ship air conditioner chilled water circulation pipeline or a fresh air channel (100), the temperature detection units T are electrically connected with the controller (4), and the controller (4) is used for adjusting the flow of the second heat exchange medium in the first coil (2) or the flow of the third heat exchange medium in the second coil (3); the second heat exchange medium is seawater, and the third heat exchange medium is air-conditioning chilled water.
Preferably, the preset direction is the radial direction of the fresh air channel (100) or the exhaust air channel (200).
Preferably, a plurality of water-bearing discs (5) are arranged on the end plate, far away from the discharge channel, of the fresh air channel (100), the water-bearing discs (5) are outwards protruded towards the direction far away from the discharge channel, and condensed water discharge openings are arranged on the water-bearing discs (5); the condensed water discharge port, the inside of the water-bearing disc (5) and the fresh air channel (100) are sequentially communicated.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a ship fresh air pipeline type step precooling control method, which comprises the following steps:
s1: the ship fresh air pipeline type step precooling device is arranged in a ship; the two ends of the fresh air channel (100) or the exhaust pipeline are respectively communicated with the inside or the outside of the cabin through a preset flange;
s2: a first two-way valve F2 is arranged between a water inlet of the first coil pipe (2) and a seawater circulating pipeline, and the first two-way valve F2 is respectively communicated with the first coil pipe (2) and the seawater circulating pipeline; a first three-way valve is arranged between the water outlet side of the first two-way valve F2 and the water outlet of the first coil pipe (2), the first end of the first three-way valve F1 is communicated with the water outlet of the first two-way valve F2, the second end of the first three-way valve F1 is communicated with the water outlet of the first coil pipe (2), and the third end of the first three-way valve F1 is communicated with a seawater circulating pipeline;
a second two-way valve F4 is arranged between a water inlet of the second coil pipe (3) and the ship air conditioner chilled water circulation pipeline, and the second two-way valve F4 is respectively communicated with the second coil pipe (3) and the ship air conditioner chilled water circulation pipeline; a second three-way valve F3 is arranged between the water outlet side of the second two-way valve F4 and the water outlet of the second coil pipe (3), the first end of the second three-way valve F3 is communicated with the water outlet of the second two-way valve, the second end of the second three-way valve F3 is communicated with the water outlet of the second coil pipe (3), and the third end of the second three-way valve F3 is communicated with a ship air conditioner chilled water circulation pipeline;
s3: a temperature detection unit T is respectively arranged at the water outlet of the first two-way valve and the water outlet of the second two-way valve; in addition, temperature detection units T are respectively arranged at a fresh air channel (100) between the gravity type heat recovery unit (1) and the first coil (2), at the fresh air channel (100) between the first coil (2) and the second coil (3) and at the air outlet side of the second coil (3) close to the fresh air channel (100), and each temperature detection unit T, the first two-way valve F2, the first three-way valve F1, the second two-way valve F4 and the second three-way valve F3 are electrically connected with the controller (4);
s4: fresh air is sent into the fresh air channel (100), and the temperature of exhaust air in the exhaust channel (200) is lower than that of the fresh air, so that the exhaust air is subjected to heat exchange by the gravity type heat recovery unit (1), the cold energy of the exhaust air is recovered, and the exhaust air is subjected to primary cooling by the gravity type heat recovery unit (1); then, fresh air passes through the first coil pipe (2), if the temperature of the fresh air is higher than a preset temperature, the controller (4) adjusts the opening of the first two-way valve F2, selectively opens the first end of the first three-way valve F1, adjusts the flow of seawater, and guides the seawater into the first coil pipe (2) so that the fresh air and the seawater are cooled for the second time at the first coil pipe (2); then the fresh air passes through the second coil (3), if the temperature of the fresh air is still higher than the preset temperature, the controller (4) adjusts the opening of the second two-way valve F4, selectively opens the first end of the second three-way valve F3, adjusts the flow of the air-conditioning chilled water, enables the air-conditioning chilled water to enter the second coil (3), enables the fresh air and the air-conditioning chilled water to be cooled for the third time at the second coil (3), and then sends the cooled fresh air into the cabin; the water generated by condensation is discharged out of the fresh air channel (100).
Compared with the prior art, the ship fresh air pipeline type step precooling device and the control method provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
(1) By arranging the gravity type heat regeneration unit communicated with the fresh air channel and the exhaust channel, and the first coil pipe and the second coil pipe in the fresh air channel, on one hand, a compact structure is realized, and the device is suitable for installation in a compact space of a ship; on the other hand, the cold energy carried in the exhaust air, the cold energy of the seawater and the cold energy of the chilled water of the air conditioner are utilized successively, and the heat and humidity load of fresh air is fully subjected to three continuous gradient treatments at the source, so that the heat and humidity load is prevented from directly entering the cabin to increase the load of the air conditioner;
(2) The gravity type heat recovery unit can internally realize gas-liquid phase change through a plurality of gravity heat pipes arranged at intervals, a liquid first heat exchange medium is vaporized after exchanging heat with fresh air, reaches the top of the gravity heat pipe, then exchanges heat with the exhaust in an exhaust channel, condenses into a liquid state after absorbing cold in the exhaust, and is hung on the inner surface of the gravity heat pipe and flows back to one side of the fresh air channel under the action of gravity, so that the circulating heat exchange process is automatically realized; (3) The flow of the cooling medium entering the first coil pipe or the second coil pipe can be adjusted by the further configured controller, valve and temperature controller according to the requirement, so that the accurate dehumidification and cooling functions are realized, fresh air is prevented from entering the air conditioner through the air conditioning pipe network again after entering the cabin, and the air quantity requirement of the air conditioning system in the cabin is effectively reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pipeline of a ship fresh air pipeline type step precooling device, namely a control method;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the combined state of a fresh air channel and an exhaust channel of the ship fresh air pipeline type step precooling device and the control method;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a gravity type regenerative unit of a ship fresh air pipeline type step precooling device and a control method;
FIG. 4 is a front view of a combined assembly of gravity assisted heat pipes and separator plates of a marine fresh air duct type cascade precooling apparatus and control method according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a first coil or a second coil of a marine fresh air duct type cascade precooling apparatus and control method of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a control state flow chart of a controller of the ship fresh air pipeline type step precooling device and the control method of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the content of a first PID algorithm of the ship fresh air pipeline type step precooling device and the control method of the invention;
fig. 8 is a content of a second PID algorithm of the ship fresh air pipeline type step precooling apparatus and the control method of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 100. a fresh air channel; 200. an exhaust passage; 1. a gravity type heat regeneration unit; 2. a first coil; 3. a second coil; 11. a gravity assisted heat pipe; 12. a first heat exchange medium; 13. a heat exchange plate; 300. a partition plate; 400. a first through hole; 5. a water-bearing plate; t, temperature detection unit; f2, a first two-way valve; f1, a first three-way valve; f4, a second two-way valve; f3 a second three-way valve.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will clearly and fully describe the technical aspects of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, in one aspect, the present invention provides a ship fresh air pipeline type step precooling apparatus, which comprises a fresh air channel 100 and an exhaust channel 200 that are adjacent and not communicated, wherein the fresh air channel 100 is arranged near the sea level; the air inlet side of the fresh air channel 100 or the air outlet side of the air exhaust channel 200 is communicated with the outside of the cabin, and the air outlet side of the fresh air channel 100 or the air inlet side of the air exhaust channel 200 is communicated with the inside of the cabin; the fresh air channel 100 is a channel for fresh air outside the cabin to enter the cabin, and the exhaust channel 200 is a channel for dirty air inside the cabin to be exhausted outside the cabin. In order to save space, as shown in fig. 2, the fresh air channel 100 and the exhaust channel 200 are arranged side by side in the vertical direction and have the same width, and the integrated structure is adopted, so that the structure is compact, the two ends of the fresh air channel 100 or the exhaust channel 200 are provided with flanges, and are communicated with an air flow path on a ship in a flange connection mode, and the fresh air channel 100 or the exhaust channel 200 can be integrally hoisted as required.
The gravity type heat regeneration unit 1 is arranged in the fresh air channel 100; the device is used for carrying out primary heat exchange on fresh air; the gravity type heat recovery unit 1 also extends into the exhaust passage 200 to recover the cold energy of the exhaust air in the exhaust passage 200. One part of the gravity type heat regeneration unit 1 is in contact with the fresh air in the fresh air channel 100, the other part of the gravity type heat regeneration unit extends into the exhaust channel 200 to be in contact with exhaust air, cold energy in the exhaust air after circulation of an air conditioning system is absorbed, and the characteristic that the exhaust air temperature is lower than that of the fresh air is utilized to realize a first heat exchange process of the fresh air and reduce the temperature and the humidity of the fresh air.
A first coil 2 disposed within the fresh air duct 100; and the device is used for carrying out secondary heat exchange on fresh air. The fresh air subjected to the first heat exchange passes through the first coil pipe 2, and the second heat exchange is performed at the first coil pipe 2, so that the temperature and the humidity of the fresh air are further reduced. Similarly, a second coil 3 is disposed within the fresh air channel 100; is used for carrying out three times of heat exchange on fresh air. The fresh air subjected to the second heat exchange passes through the second coil pipe 3, so that the third cooling and dehumidifying are realized. Fresh air after three-step continuous cooling and dehumidifying is sent into the cabin for being processed by the ship air conditioning system, and as the fresh air is subjected to continuous step processing, the heat and humidity load of the fresh air is fully reduced, the wet and heat load is prevented from directly entering the cabin, and the air volume requirement and the power requirement of the cabin air conditioning system can be effectively reduced.
As shown in fig. 3, the gravity heat recovery unit 1 includes at least one gravity heat pipe 11, and the at least one gravity heat pipe 11 extends along the preset direction and into the exhaust passage 200; the at least one gravity assisted heat pipe 11 is hollow and filled with a first heat exchange medium 12, and the first heat exchange medium 12 exchanges heat with fresh air or exhaust air through the at least one gravity assisted heat pipe 11; the first heat exchange medium 12 undergoes a gas-liquid phase change in at least one gravity assisted heat pipe 11, and the at least one gravity assisted heat pipe 11 extends into the inner surface of the exhaust passage 200 to form a liquid film of the first heat exchange medium. The gravity type heat recovery unit 1 utilizes the first heat exchange medium 12 to vaporize after absorbing heat, and then to rise to the top of the gravity type heat pipe 11, the gaseous first heat exchange medium 12 exchanges heat with the exhaust air carrying cold in the exhaust air channel 200, the gaseous first heat exchange medium 12 is changed into liquid state again after being cooled, and under the action of gravity, the liquid film directly falls from the top of the gravity type heat pipe 11 or is condensed from the inner surface of the gravity type heat pipe 11 to form a sliding liquid film, thereby realizing the process of indirectly transferring the heat of fresh air in the fresh air channel 100 to the exhaust air of the exhaust air channel 200 and realizing the recovery of the cold of the exhaust air. The preset direction is manually specified, and the preset direction is effectively the radial direction of the fresh air channel 100 or the exhaust air channel 200.
The first heat exchange medium 12 filled in the gravity assisted heat pipe 11 can be freon, ammonia or methanol. The evaporation temperature of these media is low.
As shown in fig. 4, in order to further improve the heat exchange effect of the gravity assisted heat pipe 11, the heat exchange area with fresh air or exhaust air is increased. The surface of each gravity assisted heat pipe 11 is also provided with a plurality of heat exchange plates 13, and the plurality of heat exchange plates 13 are arranged around the surface of the gravity assisted heat pipe 11; the heat exchange plates 13 are arranged at intervals along a preset direction and extend outwards from the surface of at least one gravity assisted heat pipe 11 along the air inlet direction or the air exhaust direction. I.e. the direction of extension of the heat exchanger plate 13 is the same as the air inlet direction or the air outlet direction.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, in order to better define the position of each gravity assisted heat pipe 11, a partition plate 300 is disposed between the fresh air channel 100 and the exhaust air channel 200, at least one first through hole 400 is disposed on the partition plate 300, at least one first through hole 400 is disposed corresponding to at least one gravity assisted heat pipe 11, and the gravity assisted heat pipes 11 are connected with the first through holes 400 in a sealing manner. The gravity assisted heat pipes 11 are shown to be arranged in an equidistant array, but may be alternatively arranged in a staggered manner. The partition plate 300 is not only an isolation mechanism between the fresh air channel 100 and the exhaust air channel 200, but also a limiting mechanism of each gravity assisted heat pipe 11. The gravity assisted heat pipes 11 shown in the drawing may be regarded as extending into the fresh air duct 100 or the exhaust duct 200, respectively, with reference to the partition plate 300.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 5, the first coil pipe 2 is arranged at one end of the gravity type heat recovery unit 1 away from the air inlet side of the fresh air channel 100, and the first coil pipe 2 is arranged at intervals from the gravity type heat recovery unit 1; the second heat exchange medium circularly flows in the first coil pipe 2, and the flow direction of the second heat exchange medium in the fresh air channel 100 is different from the preset direction; the first coil pipe 2 is communicated with a seawater circulating pipeline. The seawater circulating pipeline comprises a seawater supply pipe and a seawater return pipe, the water inlet of the first coil pipe 2 is communicated with the seawater supply pipe, and the water outlet of the first coil pipe 2 is communicated with the seawater return pipe. The second heat exchange medium in the first coil 2 is sea water.
As also shown in fig. 1 and fig. 5, the second coil 3 is disposed at one end of the first coil 2 near the air outlet side of the fresh air channel 100, and the second coil 3 is disposed at a distance from the first coil 2; a third heat exchange medium circularly flows in the second coil pipe 3, and the flowing direction of the third heat exchange medium in the fresh air channel 100 is different from the preset direction; the second coil pipe 3 is communicated with a ship air conditioner chilled water circulation pipeline. The ship air conditioner chilled water circulation pipeline comprises an air conditioner chilled water supply pipe and an air conditioner chilled water return pipe, a water inlet of the second coil pipe 3 is communicated with the air conditioner chilled water supply pipe, and a water outlet of the second coil pipe 3 is communicated with the air conditioner chilled water return pipe. The third heat exchange medium in the second coil 3 is air-conditioning chilled water of the ship air-conditioning system.
The first coil pipe 2 and the second coil pipe 3 are both fin-tube heat exchangers; as seawater is corrosive, the material of the first coil pipe can be iron-cupronickel alloy BFe 30-1-1. The second coil 3 may be a TP2 copper tube.
As shown in fig. 1, a plurality of water-bearing trays 5 are arranged on an end plate of the fresh air channel 100 far away from the discharge channel, the water-bearing trays 5 are outwards protruded towards the direction far away from the discharge channel, and condensed water discharge ports are arranged on the water-bearing trays 5; the condensed water drain port, the inside of the water receiving tray 5 and the fresh air passage 100 are sequentially communicated. The water-bearing disc 5 is used for collecting water drops condensed on the surfaces of the gravity type heat recovery unit 1, the first coil pipe 2 or the second coil pipe 3, and timely emptying the water drops, so that the water drops are prevented from entering the cabin along with fresh air.
As shown in fig. 1, the scheme further includes a controller 4 and a plurality of temperature detection units T, where the plurality of temperature detection units T are respectively disposed in the seawater circulation pipeline, the chilled water circulation pipeline of the ship air conditioner, or the fresh air channel 100, and the plurality of temperature detection units T are electrically connected to the controller 4, and the controller 4 is used to adjust the flow of the second heat exchange medium in the first coil 2 or the flow of the third heat exchange medium in the second coil 3. Corresponding valves are arranged between the seawater circulation pipeline and the first coil pipe 2 and between the ship air conditioner chilled water circulation pipeline and the second coil pipe 3, the opening of the valves is regulated by the controller 4, the flow regulation of seawater or air conditioner chilled water is realized, and the control of fresh air target temperature is accurately realized.
As can be seen from fig. 1, F1 is a first three-way valve, and F2 is a first two-way valve; f3 is a second three-way valve and F4 is a second two-way valve. Specifically, the first two-way valve F2 is arranged between the water inlet of the first coil pipe 2 and the water supply pipe between the seawater circulation pipeline, and the first two-way valve F2 is respectively communicated with the first coil pipe 2 and the water supply pipe of the seawater circulation pipeline; a first three-way valve is arranged between the water outlet side of the first two-way valve F2 and the water outlet of the first coil pipe 2, the first end of the first three-way valve F1 is communicated with the water outlet of the first two-way valve F2, the second end of the first three-way valve F1 is communicated with the water outlet of the first coil pipe 2, and the third end of the first three-way valve F1 is communicated with the water return pipe of the seawater circulating pipeline. When the first two-way valve F2 is opened, seawater flows to the first coil pipe 2, and when the opening degree of the first end of the first three-way valve F1 is adjusted, the first three-way valve F1 can play a role in dividing the seawater.
The second two-way valve F4 is arranged between the water inlet of the second coil pipe 3 and the water supply pipe of the ship air conditioner chilled water circulation pipeline, and the second two-way valve F4 is respectively communicated with the second coil pipe 3 and the water supply pipe of the ship air conditioner chilled water circulation pipeline; a second three-way valve F3 is arranged between the water outlet side of the second two-way valve F4 and the water outlet of the second coil pipe 3, the first end of the second three-way valve F3 is communicated with the water outlet of the second two-way valve, the second end of the second three-way valve F3 is communicated with the water outlet of the second coil pipe 3, and the third end of the second three-way valve F3 is communicated with the return pipe of the chilled water circulation pipeline of the ship air conditioner. When the second two-way valve F4 is opened, the chilled water of the air conditioner flows to the second coil pipe 3, and when the opening degree of the first end of the second three-way valve F3 is adjusted, the second three-way valve F3 plays a role in diverting the chilled water of the air conditioner.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a ship fresh air pipeline type step precooling control method, which comprises the following steps:
s1: the ship fresh air pipeline type step precooling device is arranged in a ship; the two ends of the fresh air channel 100 or the exhaust pipeline are respectively communicated with the inside or the outside of the cabin through a preset flange;
s2: a first two-way valve F2 is arranged between the water inlet of the first coil pipe 2 and the seawater circulating pipeline, and the first two-way valve F2 is respectively communicated with the first coil pipe 2 and the seawater circulating pipeline; a first three-way valve is arranged between the water outlet side of the first two-way valve F2 and the water outlet of the first coil pipe 2, the first end of the first three-way valve F1 is communicated with the water outlet of the first two-way valve F2, the second end of the first three-way valve F1 is communicated with the water outlet of the first coil pipe 2, and the third end of the first three-way valve F1 is communicated with a seawater circulation pipeline;
a second two-way valve F4 is arranged between the water inlet of the second coil pipe 3 and the ship air conditioner chilled water circulation pipeline, and the second two-way valve F4 is respectively communicated with the second coil pipe 3 and the ship air conditioner chilled water circulation pipeline; a second three-way valve F3 is arranged between the water outlet side of the second two-way valve F4 and the water outlet of the second coil pipe 3, the first end of the second three-way valve F3 is communicated with the water outlet of the second two-way valve, the second end of the second three-way valve F3 is communicated with the water outlet of the second coil pipe 3, and the third end of the second three-way valve F3 is communicated with a chilled water circulation pipeline of the ship air conditioner;
s3: a temperature detection unit T is respectively arranged at the water outlet of the first two-way valve and the water outlet of the second two-way valve; in addition, temperature detection units T are respectively arranged at a fresh air channel 100 between the gravity type heat recovery unit 1 and the first coil pipe 2, at the fresh air channel 100 between the first coil pipe 2 and the second coil pipe 3 and at the air outlet side of the second coil pipe 3 close to the fresh air channel 100, and each temperature detection unit T, the first two-way valve F2, the first three-way valve F1, the second two-way valve F4 and the second three-way valve F3 are electrically connected with the controller 4; referring to fig. 1, there are 5 temperature detecting units T, which are first temperature detecting units T1 for detecting the temperature of fresh air before entering the first coil 2; a second temperature detection unit T2 for detecting the temperature of the fresh air before entering the second coil pipe 2; a third temperature detection unit T3 for detecting the fresh air temperature after passing through the second coil 3; a fourth temperature detecting unit T4 detecting the temperature of the seawater entering the first coil 2, and a fifth temperature detecting unit T5 detecting the temperature of the chilled water of the air conditioner entering the second coil 3. The controller may be a single controller or two independent PID controllers, PID1 and PID2 are shown. If two independent PID controllers are adopted, the two controllers respectively and independently operate and are not coupled with each other.
S4: fresh air is sent into the fresh air channel 100, and the temperature of the exhaust air in the exhaust air channel 200 is lower than that of the fresh air, so that the exhaust air is subjected to heat exchange by the gravity type heat recovery unit 1, the cold energy of the exhaust air is recovered, and the exhaust air is subjected to primary cooling by the gravity type heat recovery unit 1; then, if the fresh air passes through the first coil pipe 2, and if the temperature of the fresh air is higher than the preset temperature, the controller 4 adjusts the opening of the first two-way valve F2, selectively opens the first end of the first three-way valve F1, adjusts the flow of the seawater, and guides the seawater into the first coil pipe 2 so that the fresh air and the seawater are cooled for the second time at the first coil pipe 2; then, if the fresh air passes through the second coil 3 and the temperature of the fresh air is still higher than the preset temperature, the controller 4 adjusts the opening of the second two-way valve F4, selectively opens the first end of the second three-way valve F3, adjusts the flow of the chilled air-conditioning water, enables the chilled air-conditioning water to enter the second coil 3, enables the fresh air and the chilled air-conditioning water to be cooled for the third time at the second coil 3, and then sends the cooled fresh air into the cabin; the water produced by condensation is discharged outside the fresh air channel 100.
Referring to fig. 6, the target control temperatures of the second temperature detecting units T2 are respectively set to T OB1 The target control temperature of the third temperature detection unit T3 is T OB2 Each PID controller initializes the opening degree of the valve, and adjusts the opening degrees of the first two-way valve F2, the first three-way valve F1, the second two-way valve F4, and the second three-way valve F3 to 100%, that is, the full-open position, respectively. The controllers PID1 and PID2 are then each independently controlled. The following description will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
For the controller PID1, the first two-way valve F2, the first three-way valve F1, the first temperature detection unit T1, the second temperature detection unit T2 and the fourth temperature detection unit T4 are electrically connected with the controller PID 1; the purpose of the controller PID1 is to achieve the fresh air temperature at the end of the first coil 2, i.e. the second temperature detectionThe temperature at the measuring unit T2 reaches the set first target temperature T OB1 . When the temperature of the fresh air discharged from the tail end of the gravity type heat recovery unit 1 obtained by the first temperature detection unit T1 is lower than the temperature of the sea water detected by the fourth temperature detection unit T4, heat exchange is not needed through the first coil pipe 2, and at the moment, the first two-way valve F2 is closed, which corresponds to the first layer in the block diagram on the left side of fig. 6; when the temperature of the fresh air discharged from the tail end of the gravity type heat regenerating unit 1 obtained by the first temperature detecting unit T1 is higher than the temperature of the sea water detected by the fourth temperature detecting unit T4, and the temperature at the second temperature detecting unit T2 is close to the first target temperature T OB1 For example a first target temperature T OB1 Within plus or minus 1 ℃, the opening states of the first two-way valve F2 and the first three-way valve F1 are maintained unchanged, otherwise, the temperature at the second temperature detection unit T2 exceeds the target control temperature of the second temperature detection unit T2 to be T OB1 When the value is more than 1 ℃, a first PID algorithm is built in the controller PID1, and the opening degree of the first three-way valve F1 or the opening degree of the first two-way valve F2 is adjusted.
As shown in FIG. 7, the temperature of the second temperature detecting unit T2 is compared with the first target temperature T OB1 Is compared quantitatively with the value of (a):
1) When the temperature of the second temperature detecting unit T2 exceeds the first target temperature T OB1 (target value) 1 to 3 degrees celsius, the controller PID1 is controlled using a first function, the first function being: first two-way valve f2=80% opening, first three-way valve f1= (45+5t) 2 ) % opening;
2) When the temperature of the second temperature detecting unit T2 exceeds the first target temperature T OB1 (target value) 3 to 5 degrees celsius, the controller PID1 is controlled using a second function, the second function being: first two-way valve f2=90% opening, first three-way valve f1= (5T) 2 2 -30T 2 +105)% opening;
3) When the temperature of the second temperature detecting unit T2 exceeds the first target temperature T OB1 When the (target value) is above 5 ℃, the controller PID1 adopts a third function to control, and the third function is as follows: first two-way valve f2=100% opening, first three-way valve f1= (2) T2 +48)% opening and F1 maximum value of 100％；
4) The temperature of the second temperature detection unit T2 is less than the first target temperature T OB1 (target value) 1 to 3 degrees celsius, the controller PID1 is controlled using a fourth function: first two-way valve f2=20% opening, first three-way valve f1= (55-5T 2)% opening;
5) The temperature of the second temperature detection unit T2 is less than the first target temperature T OB1 (target value) 3 to 5 degrees celsius, the controller PID1 is controlled using a fifth function, which is: first two-way valve f2=10% opening; first three-way valve f1= (-5T 2) 2 +30T2-5)% opening;
6) The temperature of the second temperature detection unit T2 is less than the first target temperature T OB1 When the (target value) is above 5 ℃, the controller PID1 adopts a sixth function to control, and the sixth function is as follows: first two-way valve f2=0% opening, first three-way valve f1= (-2) T2 -52)% opening.
For the controller PID2, similarly, the purpose is to achieve the temperature at the air outlet of the second coil 3, i.e. the temperature obtained by the third temperature detection unit T3 and the set second target temperature T OB2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the temperature at the air outlet of the first coil pipe 2, namely the temperature at the third temperature detection unit T3 is lower than the temperature of chilled water of the air conditioner, namely the temperature measured by the fifth temperature detection unit T5, the second coil pipe 3 is not required to be opened, and the second two-way valve F4 is closed, which corresponds to the first layer in the right block diagram of fig. 6; if the temperature at the third temperature detecting unit T3 approaches the second target temperature T OB2 For example, the second target temperature T OB2 If the temperature is within plus or minus 1 ℃, the current opening states of the second two-way valve F4 and the second three-way valve F3 are maintained, otherwise, when the temperature at the third temperature detection unit T3 exceeds the second target temperature T OB2 When the temperature is higher than 1 ℃, the opening of the second three-way valve F3 or the opening of the second two-way valve F4 is regulated by a second PID algorithm built in the PID2.
As shown in fig. 8, the temperature obtained by the third temperature detecting unit T3 is compared with the second target temperature T OB2 Is compared quantitatively with the value of (a):
1) When the temperature of the third temperature detecting unit T3 is greater than the second targetTemperature T OB2 (target value) 1 to 4 degrees celsius, the controller PID2 is controlled using a seventh function, which is: second two-way valve f4=70% opening, second three-way valve f3= (100/3+20/3×t3)% opening;
2) When the temperature of the third temperature detecting unit T3 is greater than the second target temperature T OB2 (target value) 4 to 7 degrees celsius, the controller PID2 is controlled using an eighth function: second two-way valve f4=85% opening, second three-way valve f3= (20/9×t3 2 -160/9 t3+ 860/9)% opening;
3) When the temperature of the third temperature detecting unit T3 is greater than the second target temperature T OB2 When the (target value) is 7 ℃ or higher, the controller PID2 adopts a ninth function to control, and the ninth function is as follows: second two-way valve f4=100% opening, second three-way valve f3= (2) T3 -48)% opening and F3 maximum of 100%;
4) When the temperature of the third temperature detecting unit T3 is less than the second target temperature T OB2 (target value) 1 to 4 degrees celsius, the controller PID2 is controlled using a tenth function, which is: second two-way valve f4=30% opening, second three-way valve f3= (200/3-20/3×t3)% opening;
5) When the temperature of the third temperature detecting unit T3 is less than the second target temperature T OB2 (target value) 4-7 ℃, the controller PID2 adopts an eleventh function to control, and the eleventh function is: second two-way valve f4=15% opening, second three-way valve f3= (-20/9*T) 3 2 +160/9×T3+40/9)% opening;
6) When the temperature of the third temperature detecting unit T3 is less than the second target temperature T OB2 When the (target value) is 7 ℃ or higher, the controller PID2 adopts a twelfth function to control, and the twelfth function is as follows: second two-way valve f4=0% opening, second three-way valve f3= (52-2) T3 ) % opening.
It should be noted that, the two functions near the endpoint may be alternatively used according to the need.
It should be noted that the first target temperature of the controller PID1 is not equal to the second target temperature of the controller PID2.
The invention provides a ship fresh air pipeline type step precooling device, which is internally provided with three heat exchange devices which are arranged continuously for step precooling, and establishes a corresponding control method to fully treat fresh air heat and humidity load from the source and avoid the diffusion to a cabin for reprocessing. The device is characterized in that: firstly, the structure is compact, the device can be installed together with a pipeline, and the device has good fitting property with the compact environment of a ship; secondly, the cold energy recovered by exhaust air, the seawater cold energy and the air conditioner chilled water energy are utilized in a cascade way, the control is simple, the economy is good, the heat and moisture treatment is full, the characteristic of low seawater temperature is fully utilized, the low-temperature cold energy is fully utilized, and the system economy is improved to the greatest extent; thirdly, by utilizing the unidirectional characteristic of the gravity heat pipe, the exhaust air cooling capacity recovery is automatically started in summer, the heat transfer channel is automatically blocked in winter, and the environmental adaptability is good.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A ship fresh air pipeline type step precooling device comprises a fresh air channel (100) and an exhaust channel (200) which are adjacent and not communicated, wherein the fresh air channel (100) is arranged close to the sea level; the air inlet side of the fresh air channel (100) or the air outlet side of the air exhaust channel (200) is communicated with the outside of the cabin, and the air outlet side of the fresh air channel (100) or the air inlet side of the air exhaust channel (200) is communicated with the inside of the cabin;
characterized in that it also comprises
The gravity type heat regeneration unit (1) is arranged in the fresh air channel (100); the device is used for carrying out primary heat exchange on fresh air;
the first coil pipe (2) is arranged in the fresh air channel (100); the device is used for carrying out secondary heat exchange on fresh air;
the second coil pipe (3) is arranged in the fresh air channel (100); the device is used for carrying out three heat exchanges on fresh air;
the gravity type heat regeneration unit (1) also extends into the exhaust channel (200) to recover the cold energy of exhaust air in the exhaust channel (200).
2. The ship fresh air pipeline-type cascade precooling apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the gravity heat regeneration unit (1) comprises at least one gravity heat pipe (11), wherein the at least one gravity heat pipe (11) extends along the preset direction and extends into an exhaust channel (200); the gravity heat pipes (11) are hollow and filled with a first heat exchange medium (12), and the first heat exchange medium (12) exchanges heat with fresh air or exhaust air through the gravity heat pipes (11); the first heat exchange medium (12) undergoes a gas-liquid phase change in at least one gravity assisted heat pipe (11).
3. The ship fresh air pipeline type cascade precooling apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the surface of the at least one gravity assisted heat pipe (11) is further provided with a plurality of heat exchange plates (13), and the plurality of heat exchange plates (13) are arranged around the surface of the at least one gravity assisted heat pipe (11); the heat exchange plates (13) are arranged at intervals along a preset direction and extend outwards from the surface of at least one gravity assisted heat pipe (11) along the air inlet direction or the air exhaust direction.
4. The ship fresh air pipeline type cascade precooling device according to claim 2, characterized in that a separation plate (300) is arranged between the fresh air channel (100) and the exhaust channel (200), at least one first through hole (400) is arranged on the separation plate (300), the at least one first through hole (400) is correspondingly arranged with at least one gravity assisted heat pipe (11), and the gravity assisted heat pipe (11) is in sealing connection with the first through hole (400).
5. The ship fresh air pipeline type step precooling device according to claim 2, wherein the first coil pipe (2) is arranged at one end of the gravity type heat recovery unit (1) far away from the air inlet side of the fresh air channel (100), and the first coil pipe (2) is arranged at intervals with the gravity type heat recovery unit (1); a second heat exchange medium circularly flows in the first coil (2), and the flow direction of the second heat exchange medium in the fresh air channel (100) is different from the preset direction; the first coil pipe (2) is communicated with a seawater circulating pipeline.
6. The ship fresh air pipeline type cascade precooling apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the second coil (3) is arranged at one end of the first coil (2) close to the air outlet side of the fresh air channel (100), and the second coil (3) is arranged at intervals with the first coil (2); a third heat exchange medium circularly flows in the second coil (3), and the flowing direction of the third heat exchange medium in the fresh air channel (100) is different from the preset direction; the second coil pipe (3) is communicated with a ship air conditioner chilled water circulation pipeline.
7. The ship fresh air pipeline type cascade precooling device according to claim 6, further comprising a controller (4) and a plurality of temperature detection units T, wherein the plurality of temperature detection units T are respectively arranged in a seawater circulation pipeline, a ship air conditioner chilled water circulation pipeline or a fresh air channel (100), the plurality of temperature detection units T are electrically connected with the controller (4), and the controller (4) is used for adjusting the flow of a second heat exchange medium in the first coil (2) or the flow of a third heat exchange medium in the second coil (3); the second heat exchange medium is seawater, and the third heat exchange medium is air-conditioning chilled water.
8. The ship fresh air pipeline-type step precooling apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the preset direction is a radial direction of a fresh air channel (100) or an exhaust air channel (200).
9. The ship fresh air pipeline type cascade precooling device according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of water-bearing plates (5) are arranged on end plates, far away from the discharge channel, of the fresh air channel (100), the water-bearing plates (5) are outwards protruded towards the direction far away from the discharge channel, and condensed water discharge ports are arranged on the water-bearing plates (5); the condensed water discharge port, the inside of the water-bearing disc (5) and the fresh air channel (100) are sequentially communicated.
10. A ship fresh air pipeline type step precooling control method comprises the following steps:
s1: arranging the ship fresh air pipeline type step precooling device according to any one of claims 7-9 in a ship; the two ends of the fresh air channel (100) or the exhaust pipeline are respectively communicated with the inside or the outside of the cabin through a preset flange;
s2: a first two-way valve F2 is arranged between a water inlet of the first coil pipe (2) and a seawater circulating pipeline, and the first two-way valve F2 is respectively communicated with the first coil pipe (2) and the seawater circulating pipeline; a first three-way valve is arranged between the water outlet side of the first two-way valve F2 and the water outlet of the first coil pipe (2), the first end of the first three-way valve F1 is communicated with the water outlet of the first two-way valve F2, the second end of the first three-way valve F1 is communicated with the water outlet of the first coil pipe (2), and the third end of the first three-way valve F1 is communicated with a seawater circulating pipeline;
a second two-way valve F4 is arranged between a water inlet of the second coil pipe (3) and the ship air conditioner chilled water circulation pipeline, and the second two-way valve F4 is respectively communicated with the second coil pipe (3) and the ship air conditioner chilled water circulation pipeline; a second three-way valve F3 is arranged between the water outlet side of the second two-way valve F4 and the water outlet of the second coil pipe (3), the first end of the second three-way valve F3 is communicated with the water outlet of the second two-way valve, the second end of the second three-way valve F3 is communicated with the water outlet of the second coil pipe (3), and the third end of the second three-way valve F3 is communicated with a ship air conditioner chilled water circulation pipeline;
s3: a temperature detection unit T is respectively arranged at the water outlet of the first two-way valve and the water outlet of the second two-way valve; in addition, temperature detection units T are respectively arranged at a fresh air channel (100) between the gravity type heat recovery unit (1) and the first coil (2), at the fresh air channel (100) between the first coil (2) and the second coil (3) and at the air outlet side of the second coil (3) close to the fresh air channel (100), and each temperature detection unit T, the first two-way valve F2, the first three-way valve F1, the second two-way valve F4 and the second three-way valve F3 are electrically connected with the controller (4);
s4: fresh air is sent into the fresh air channel (100), and the temperature of exhaust air in the exhaust channel (200) is lower than that of the fresh air, so that the exhaust air is subjected to heat exchange by the gravity type heat recovery unit (1), the cold energy of the exhaust air is recovered, and the exhaust air is subjected to primary cooling by the gravity type heat recovery unit (1); then, fresh air passes through the first coil pipe (2), if the temperature of the fresh air is higher than a preset temperature, the controller (4) adjusts the opening of the first two-way valve F2, selectively opens the first end of the first three-way valve F1, adjusts the flow of seawater, and guides the seawater into the first coil pipe (2) so that the fresh air and the seawater are cooled for the second time at the first coil pipe (2); then the fresh air passes through the second coil (3), if the temperature of the fresh air is still higher than the preset temperature, the controller (4) adjusts the opening of the second two-way valve F4, selectively opens the first end of the second three-way valve F3, adjusts the flow of the air-conditioning chilled water, enables the air-conditioning chilled water to enter the second coil (3), enables the fresh air and the air-conditioning chilled water to be cooled for the third time at the second coil (3), and then sends the cooled fresh air into the cabin; the water generated by condensation is discharged out of the fresh air channel (100).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310933798.4A CN116812132A (en) | 2023-07-27 | 2023-07-27 | Ship fresh air pipeline type step precooling device and control method |
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| CN202310933798.4A CN116812132A (en) | 2023-07-27 | 2023-07-27 | Ship fresh air pipeline type step precooling device and control method |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN119142503A (en) * | 2024-10-08 | 2024-12-17 | 广船国际有限公司 | Passenger ship air conditioning system |
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