CN116810416A - Ultra-precise lathe for processing Fresnel lens die - Google Patents
Ultra-precise lathe for processing Fresnel lens die Download PDFInfo
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- CN116810416A CN116810416A CN202310910808.2A CN202310910808A CN116810416A CN 116810416 A CN116810416 A CN 116810416A CN 202310910808 A CN202310910808 A CN 202310910808A CN 116810416 A CN116810416 A CN 116810416A
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Abstract
本发明涉及车床技术领域，公开一种用于加工菲涅尔透镜模具的超精密车床，所公开的超精密车床包括床身、主轴和转台机构，主轴可转动地设于床身，主轴具有沿轴线分布的第一轴端和第二轴端，第一轴端用于连接工件，转台机构包括扇形涡轮，扇形涡轮可转动地设于床身，扇形涡轮的回转轴线经过扇形涡轮的圆弧部分的圆心，扇形涡轮位于第一轴端的背离第二轴端的一侧，扇形涡轮的角部用于安装刀具，在刀具安装于角部、且刀具的刀尖位于扇形涡轮的回转轴线的情况下，刀尖向靠近第一轴端的方向凸出于扇形涡轮。本发明能够解决，使用超精密车床对工件进行加工时，在需要刀尖位于转台的回转轴线上的情况下，超精密车床的转台台面只能位于工件下方的问题。
The invention relates to the technical field of lathes, and discloses an ultra-precision lathe for processing Fresnel lens molds. The disclosed ultra-precision lathe includes a bed, a spindle and a turntable mechanism. The spindle is rotatably located on the bed, and the spindle has an edge along the The first shaft end and the second shaft end are distributed along the axis. The first shaft end is used to connect the workpiece. The turntable mechanism includes a fan-shaped turbine. The fan-shaped turbine is rotatably installed on the bed. The rotation axis of the fan-shaped turbine passes through the arc part of the fan-shaped turbine. At the center of the circle, the sector turbine is located on the side of the first shaft end away from the second shaft end. The corner of the sector turbine is used to install the cutter. When the cutter is installed at the corner and the tip of the cutter is located on the rotation axis of the sector turbine, The blade tip protrudes from the sector turbine in a direction close to the first shaft end. The invention can solve the problem that when using an ultra-precision lathe to process a workpiece, the turntable table of the ultra-precision lathe can only be located below the workpiece when the tool tip needs to be located on the rotation axis of the turntable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lathes, in particular to an ultra-precise lathe for machining a Fresnel lens die.
Background
The Fresnel lens structure is composed of a plurality of circles of concentric fine tooth grooves, is an extremely important diffraction type optical element, and is widely applied to a plurality of fields such as an illumination system, a concentrating photovoltaic system, a biomedical technology, a high-definition imaging system and the like, and is a key core component of the fields.
When producing fresnel lenses on a large scale, a die is generally used for mass production and low cost production by using a compression molding process, and the fresnel lens die has strict requirements on processing quality and high requirements on precision, so that an ultra-precise lathe is generally used for processing the fresnel lens die by adopting an ultra-precise turning technology.
In the related art, referring to fig. 1, a tool 10 of an ultra-precise lathe is mounted on a turntable 20, a workpiece 30 is connected to a spindle, and when a fresnel lens mold is machined by the ultra-precise lathe, a tool tip of the tool 10 contacts the workpiece 30 to turn the workpiece 30, the turntable 20 has a disc-shaped structure, and an axis of the disc-shaped structure is a rotation axis of the turntable 20.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an ultra-precise lathe for processing a Fresnel lens die, which is used for solving the problem that a turntable table top of the ultra-precise lathe can only be positioned below a workpiece under the condition that a cutter point is required to be positioned on a rotation axis of the turntable when the ultra-precise lathe is used for processing the workpiece in the related technology.
The invention provides an ultra-precise lathe for processing a Fresnel lens die, which comprises a lathe bed, a main shaft and a turntable mechanism, wherein:
the main shaft is rotatably arranged on the lathe bed and is provided with a first shaft end and a second shaft end which are distributed along the axis, and the first shaft end is used for connecting a workpiece;
the rotary table mechanism comprises a fan-shaped turbine, the fan-shaped turbine is rotatably arranged on the lathe bed, the rotation axis of the fan-shaped turbine passes through the circle center of the arc part of the fan-shaped turbine, the fan-shaped turbine is positioned at one side of the first shaft end, which is away from the second shaft end, the corner of the fan-shaped turbine is used for mounting a cutter, and under the condition that the cutter is mounted at the corner and the cutter tip of the cutter is positioned at the rotation axis of the fan-shaped turbine, the cutter tip protrudes out of the fan-shaped turbine towards the direction close to the first shaft end.
According to the ultra-precise lathe provided by the invention, the turntable mechanism further comprises a tool rest base, the tool rest base is arranged on the lathe bed, the tool rest base is positioned on one side of the first shaft end, which is away from the second shaft end, of the tool rest base and the fan-shaped turbine, one of the tool rest base and the fan-shaped turbine is provided with an arc-shaped groove, the other one of the tool rest base and the fan-shaped turbine is provided with an arc-shaped protrusion, the arc-shaped protrusion stretches into the arc-shaped groove, and the arc-shaped protrusion and the arc-shaped groove are in rotatable fit around the rotation axis of the fan-shaped turbine;
when the cutter is mounted on the corner and the cutter tip of the cutter is positioned on the rotation axis of the fan-shaped turbine, the cutter tip protrudes from the cutter holder base in a direction approaching the first shaft end.
According to the ultra-precise lathe provided by the invention, the turntable mechanism further comprises a turbine pressing plate, the turbine pressing plate is connected with the tool rest base, a first accommodating space is formed between the turbine pressing plate and the tool rest base, at least part of the fan-shaped turbine is positioned in the first accommodating space, and the turbine pressing plate presses the fan-shaped turbine on the tool rest base.
According to the ultra-precise lathe provided by the invention, the ultra-precise lathe further comprises a fully-closed hydrostatic guideway and an X-direction slide carriage, wherein the fully-closed hydrostatic guideway is arranged on the lathe bed, the X-direction slide carriage is arranged on the fully-closed hydrostatic guideway, and the X-direction slide carriage can move relative to the lathe bed along the X direction through the fully-closed hydrostatic guideway;
the ultra-precise lathe further comprises a guide mechanism and a Z-direction slide carriage, wherein the guide mechanism is arranged on the X-direction slide carriage, the Z-direction slide carriage is arranged on the guide mechanism, the Z-direction slide carriage can move relative to the X-direction slide carriage along the Z direction through the guide mechanism, the turntable mechanism is fixedly arranged on the Z-direction slide carriage, the X direction is vertical to the Z direction, and the X direction is vertical to the rotation axis of the fan-shaped turbine.
According to the ultra-precise lathe provided by the invention, the ultra-precise lathe further comprises an X-slide box body, the X-slide box body is arranged on the lathe bed, the fully-closed hydrostatic guideway comprises a guide pillar and a hydrostatic slider, two ends of the guide pillar are connected with two opposite box walls of the X-slide box body, the hydrostatic slider is slidably sleeved on the periphery of the guide pillar, a hydrostatic oil cavity is formed between the hydrostatic slider and the guide pillar, an oil duct communicated with the hydrostatic oil cavity is formed in the hydrostatic slider, and the X-direction slide is fixedly connected with the hydrostatic slider.
According to the ultra-precise lathe provided by the invention, the fully-closed hydrostatic guideway further comprises a restrictor assembly, wherein the restrictor assembly comprises a first restrictor, a restrictor membrane and a second restrictor which are sequentially connected in a superposition way, a first restrictor gap and a third restrictor gap are formed between the first restrictor and the restrictor membrane, a second restrictor gap and a fourth restrictor gap are formed between the second restrictor and the restrictor membrane, and the first restrictor gap, the third restrictor gap, the second restrictor gap and the fourth restrictor gap are all used for communicating an external oil supply device;
the static pressure oil cavity comprises a first cavity, a second cavity, a third cavity and a fourth cavity, wherein the first cavity and the second cavity are arranged in a back-to-back mode, and the third cavity and the fourth cavity are communicated;
the first chamber is communicated with the first throttling gap, the second chamber is communicated with the second throttling gap, the third chamber is communicated with the third throttling gap, and the fourth chamber is communicated with the fourth throttling gap.
According to the ultra-precise lathe provided by the invention, the fully-closed hydrostatic guideway comprises two guide posts, at least two hydrostatic sliders are arranged on each guide post, each hydrostatic slider is connected with the X-direction slide carriage, and the number of restrictor components is the same as that of the hydrostatic sliders and is in one-to-one correspondence.
According to the ultra-precise lathe provided by the invention, the turntable mechanism further comprises a cutter pressing plate, the cutter pressing plate is arranged on the fan-shaped turbine, a second accommodating space is formed between the cutter pressing plate and the fan-shaped turbine, the second accommodating space is used for accommodating the cutter body of the cutter, the cutter pressing plate presses the cutter on the fan-shaped turbine under the condition that the cutter body of the cutter is positioned in the second accommodating space, and the cutter tip of the cutter is positioned on the rotating axis of the fan-shaped turbine.
According to the ultra-precise lathe provided by the invention, the spindle comprises a hydrostatic spindle, the first shaft end of the hydrostatic spindle is fixedly provided with the vacuum chuck, and the vacuum chuck is used for connecting the workpiece.
According to the ultra-precise lathe provided by the invention, the turntable mechanism further comprises a turntable motor and a worm, an output shaft of the turntable motor is connected with the worm, and the worm is meshed with the sector turbine.
In the embodiment of the invention, the fan-shaped turbine is positioned at one side of the first shaft end, which is away from the second shaft end, and when the cutter is mounted at the corner and the cutter tip is positioned at the rotation axis of the fan-shaped turbine, the cutter tip protrudes out of the fan-shaped turbine towards the direction close to the first shaft end, so that the fan-shaped turbine does not need to be positioned below the rotation area of a workpiece, for example, the fan-shaped turbine can be opposite to the workpiece, the size of the workpiece in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the main shaft is not limited by the fan-shaped turbine, and the ultra-precise lathe can process the workpiece with larger size. Therefore, the invention can solve the problem that the turntable table top of the ultra-precise lathe can only be positioned below the workpiece when the cutter point is required to be positioned on the rotation axis of the turntable when the ultra-precise lathe is used for processing the workpiece in the related technology.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship of a work piece, a tool, and a turntable in the related art;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the ultra-precision lathe provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the ultra-precision lathe provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the turntable mechanism provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a front view of the turntable mechanism provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a front view of a fully enclosed hydrostatic guideway provided by the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a top view of a fully enclosed hydrostatic guideway provided by the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a restrictor assembly provided by the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation relationship of the guide post, the static pressure slide block and the static pressure oil cavity provided by the invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a moving track of a tool when adjusting a feed angle (an arrow direction in the figure indicates a moving direction of the tool).
Reference numerals:
10. a cutter;
20. a turntable;
30. a workpiece;
100. a bed body;
210. a main shaft; 220. a spindle box; 230. a spindle motor; 240. a conveyor belt;
300. a turntable mechanism; 310. a fan-shaped turbine; 311. a corner; 312. arc-shaped bulges; 320. a tool rest base; 321. an arc-shaped groove; 330. turbine pressure plates; 340. a worm; 350. a turntable motor; 360. a knife pressing plate; 370. a first bolt; 380. a second bolt;
400. a fully closed hydrostatic guideway; 410. a guide post; 420. a static pressure slide block; 421. a first oil passage; 430. a restrictor assembly; 431. a first throttle; 4311. a first oil inlet passage; 4312. a first oil outlet passage; 432. a second restrictor; 4321. a second oil inlet passage; 4322. a second oil outlet passage; 433. a restrictor diaphragm; 434. a first throttle gap; 435. a second throttle gap; 440. a first chamber; 450. a second chamber; 460. a third chamber; 470. a fourth chamber;
500. an X slide carriage box body;
610. an X-direction slide carriage; 620. a Z-direction slide carriage; 630. a first motor; 640. a second motor;
700. a workpiece;
800. a cutter;
a. an axis of rotation.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 2 to 10, the present invention discloses an ultra-precise lathe for processing a fresnel lens mold, which may be an end-face fresnel lens mold, and of course, the ultra-precise lathe may also be used for processing other components, and the ultra-precise lathe disclosed in the present invention includes a lathe bed 100, a spindle 210 and a turntable mechanism 300.
The bed 100 may be made of marble, but of course, may be made of other materials, and the invention is not limited thereto. The spindle 210 is rotatably disposed on the lathe bed 100, and the spindle 210 has a first shaft end and a second shaft end distributed along its own axis, where the first shaft end is used to connect with the workpiece 700, and the spindle 210 rotates to drive the workpiece 700 to rotate.
The turntable mechanism 300 comprises a sector turbine 310, the sector turbine 310 is rotatably arranged on the lathe bed, a rotation axis a of the sector turbine 310 passes through the circle center of a circular arc part of the sector turbine 310, and the sector turbine 310 is positioned at one side of the first shaft end, which is away from the second shaft end. Alternatively, the central angle of the sector turbine 310 may be less than or equal to 90 degrees, for example, the central angle of the sector turbine 310 may be 60 degrees or 90 degrees.
The corner 311 of the fan-shaped turbine 310 is used for installing the cutter 800, the cutter 800 rotates along with the rotation of the fan-shaped turbine 310, so that the surface of the fan-shaped turbine 310, which is far away from the lathe bed 100, forms a table surface of the turntable mechanism 300, the corner 311 of the fan-shaped turbine 310 refers to the end part, which is far away from the circular arc part, of the cutter, and under the condition that the cutter 800 is installed at the corner 311, the cutter tip of the cutter 800 can be positioned on the rotation axis a of the fan-shaped turbine 310, so that when the fan-shaped turbine 310 rotates, the cutter 800 rotates around the cutter tip, the feed angle of the cutter 800 can be changed, the cutter tip of the cutter 800 is positioned on the rotation axis a of the fan-shaped turbine 310, the polar coordinate operation error is reduced, the transmission error is reduced, and the machining precision when the ultra-precise lathe is used for machining the Fresnel lens mold is improved.
When the tool 800 is attached to the corner 311 and the cutting edge of the tool 800 is located on the rotation axis a of the sector turbine 310, the cutting edge protrudes from the sector turbine 310 in a direction toward the first shaft end, that is, the rotation axis a of the sector turbine 310 in the present invention is located outside the sector turbine 310, and when the workpiece 700 is processed, the projection of the cutting edge in the direction of the rotation axis a of the sector turbine 310 is located outside the sector turbine 310, and the workpiece 700 and the sector turbine 310 are located on both sides of the cutting edge, so that the sector turbine 310 does not hinder the rotation of the workpiece 700 even if the sector turbine 310 is opposed to the workpiece 700, and therefore, the sector turbine 310 does not need to be located below the workpiece 700.
In the embodiment of the invention, the fan-shaped turbine 310 is located at one side of the first shaft end, which is away from the second shaft end, and when the cutter 800 is mounted on the corner 311 and the cutter tip is located at the rotation axis a of the fan-shaped turbine 310, the cutter tip protrudes out of the fan-shaped turbine 310 towards the direction close to the first shaft end, so that the fan-shaped turbine 310 does not affect the rotation of the workpiece 700, and the fan-shaped turbine 310 does not need to be located below the rotation area of the workpiece 700, and further the size of the workpiece 700 in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the spindle 210 is not limited by the fan-shaped turbine 310, so that the ultra-precise lathe can process the workpiece 700 with larger size. Therefore, the invention can solve the problem that the turntable table top of the ultra-precise lathe can only be positioned below the workpiece 700 when the cutter point is positioned on the rotation axis a of the turntable in the related art.
Further, in the related art, referring again to fig. 1, the table top of the turntable 20 of the ultra-precise lathe is positioned below the workpiece 30 such that the distance between the table top of the turntable 20 and the axis of the spindle is greater than or equal to the radius of gyration of the workpiece 30, such that the distance between the table top of the turntable 20 and the axis of the spindle is greater, resulting in a greater gyration error of the turntable 20 and thus a greater machining error.
While the fan turbine 310 of the present invention need not be located below the workpiece 700, in an embodiment of the present invention, the fan turbine 310 may be opposite to the workpiece 700 with the workpiece 700 mounted to the first shaft end and the fan turbine 310 mounted to the corner 311. With this structure, compared with the prior art, the distance between the surface of the fan-shaped turbine 310, which is far away from the lathe bed 100, and the axis of the spindle 210 can be reduced, so that the structure of the ultra-precise lathe is more compact, and the rotation error of the fan-shaped turbine 310 can be reduced, thereby reducing the machining error caused by the rotation error of the fan-shaped turbine 310.
In order to enable the sector turbine 310 to rotate relative to the machine body 100, the turntable mechanism 300 may further include a tool rest base 320, the tool rest base 320 may be disposed on the machine body 100, and the tool rest base 320 may be disposed on a side of the first shaft end facing away from the second shaft end, in the tool rest base 320 and the sector turbine 310, one of the tool rest base 320 and the sector turbine 310 may be provided with an arc-shaped groove 321, the other may be provided with an arc-shaped protrusion 312, a center of the arc-shaped protrusion 312 and a center of the arc-shaped groove 321 pass through a rotation axis a of the sector turbine 310, the arc-shaped protrusion 312 extends into the arc-shaped groove 321, the arc-shaped protrusion 312 is rotatably matched with the arc-shaped groove around the rotation axis a of the sector turbine 310, and the sector turbine 310 rotates relative to the tool rest base 320 so as to rotate relative to the machine body 100.
Alternatively, the arcuate projections 312 may be provided on the fan-shaped turbine 310 and the arcuate slots 321 may be provided on the tool holder base 320. The arcuate projections 312 may be V-shaped in cross-section and the arcuate slots may be V-shaped in cross-section to accommodate the shape and size of the arcuate projections 312. The cross section of the arc-shaped protrusion 312 and the cross section of the arc-shaped groove 321 refer to a cross section formed by the arc-shaped protrusion 312 and the arc-shaped groove 321 along the direction of the rotation axis a of the fan-shaped turbine 310 by the radial line of the fan-shaped turbine 310.
When the tool 800 is mounted on the corner 311 and the cutting edge of the tool 800 is located on the rotation axis a of the fan-shaped turbine 310, the cutting edge may protrude from the tool rest base 320 in a direction close to the first shaft end, that is, when the workpiece 700 is processed, the projection of the cutting edge in the direction of the rotation axis a of the fan-shaped turbine 310 is located outside the tool rest base 320, and the workpiece 700 and the tool rest base 320 are located on both sides of the cutting edge, so that even if the tool rest base 320 is opposite to the workpiece 700, the tool rest base 320 does not block the rotation of the workpiece 700, and therefore the tool rest base 320 does not need to be located below the workpiece 700, and the limitation of the dimension of the workpiece 700 in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the spindle 210 due to the fact that the tool rest base 320 is located only below the workpiece 700 is avoided, thereby increasing the dimension range of the workpiece 700 that can be processed by the ultra-precise lathe.
In order to realize connection between the fan-shaped turbine 310 and the tool rest base 320, in an alternative embodiment, a limiting groove may be disposed on a groove wall of the arc-shaped groove 321, a limiting protrusion may be disposed on an outer wall of the arc-shaped protrusion 312, the limiting protrusion may extend into the limiting groove, the limiting protrusion and the limiting groove may be rotatably disposed around a rotation axis a of the fan-shaped turbine 310, and the limiting protrusion and the limiting groove are in limiting fit along an extending direction of the rotation axis a. Thereby realizing the limit fit of the fan-shaped turbine 310 and the tool rest base 320 in the extending direction of the rotation axis a and realizing the rotatable connection of the fan-shaped turbine 310 and the tool rest base 320.
In another alternative embodiment, the turntable mechanism 300 may further include a turbine platen 330, the turbine platen 330 may be connected to the tool rest base 320, and a first accommodating space may be provided between the turbine platen 330 and the tool rest base 320, at least a portion of the sector turbine 310 may be located in the first accommodating space, and the sector turbine 310 may be positioned between the turbine platen 330 and the tool rest base 320 in the direction of the rotation axis a of the sector turbine 310, that is, the turbine platen 330 compresses the sector turbine 310 against the tool rest base 320. The structure can realize the limit of the sector turbine 310 and the tool rest base 320 in the direction of the rotation axis a, so that the rotatable connection of the sector turbine 310 and the tool rest base 320 is realized, and the structure is also convenient for the installation and the disassembly of the sector turbine 310 and the tool rest base 320.
In an alternative embodiment, the turbine platen 330 may be fixedly attached to the tool holder base 320 by welding or bonding such that the turbine platen 330 compresses the fan turbine 310 against the tool holder base 320.
In another alternative embodiment, the turbine platen 330 may be connected to the tool holder base 320 by a first bolt 370, the first bolt 370 is threaded through the turbine platen 330 to the tool holder base 320, and the head of the first bolt 370 abuts against the turbine platen 330, so that the fan-shaped turbine 310 is pressed against the tool holder base 320 by the turbine platen 330, and in the case that the threads of different areas of the first bolt 370 are in threaded engagement with the tool holder base 320, the distance between the head of the first bolt 370 and the tool holder base 320 is different, in which case the fan-shaped turbine 310 of different thickness may be pressed against the tool holder base 320.
In an alternative embodiment, the tool holder base 320 and the fan turbine 310 may be configured as hollow structures, which may reduce the weight of the turntable mechanism 300 and may save material.
In order to facilitate the installation and the removal of the workpiece 700, the ultra-precise lathe may further include a fully-closed hydrostatic guideway 400 and an X-direction slide carriage 610, the fully-closed hydrostatic guideway 400 may be disposed on the lathe bed 100, the guiding direction of the fully-closed hydrostatic guideway 400 may be the X-direction, and the X-direction slide carriage 610 may be disposed on the fully-closed hydrostatic guideway 400, so that the X-direction slide carriage 610 may move relative to the lathe bed 100 along the X-direction through the fully-closed hydrostatic guideway 400.
The ultra-precise lathe may further include an X-carriage box 500, the X-carriage box 500 may be disposed on the lathe bed 100 by means of screw connection or welding, and the like, the fully-closed hydrostatic guideway 400 may include a guide pillar 410 and a hydrostatic slider 420, two ends of the guide pillar 410 may be connected to two opposite box walls of the X-carriage box 500, so that the guide pillar 410 is disposed on the lathe bed 100 through the X-carriage box 500, and an extension direction of the guide pillar 410 is an X direction, the hydrostatic slider 420 may be slidably disposed on the guide pillar 410, and the X-carriage 610 may be fixedly connected to the hydrostatic slider 420 by means of screws, so that the X-carriage 610 and the hydrostatic slider 420 may move synchronously along the X direction relative to the lathe bed 100.
In an alternative embodiment, the ultra-precision lathe may further include a first power mechanism, the first power mechanism may include a first motor 630 and a first ball screw, the first ball screw includes a first screw and a first nut, the first motor 630 may be fixedly disposed on the lathe bed 100, the first screw may be rotatably disposed on the X-carriage box 500, the first motor 630 is connected with the first screw, and is used for driving the first screw to rotate, an axial direction of the first screw is consistent with the X direction, the first nut is in threaded fit with the first screw, the first screw rotates and may drive the first nut to move along an axial direction of the first screw, and the X-direction carriage 610 may be fixedly connected with the first nut, so that the first nut drives the X-direction carriage 610 to move along the X direction.
The ultra-precise lathe may further include a guiding mechanism and a Z-direction carriage 620, the guiding mechanism may be disposed on the X-direction carriage 610, the guiding direction of the guiding mechanism may be a Z-direction, the Z-direction carriage 620 may be disposed on the guiding mechanism, so that the Z-direction carriage 620 may move relative to the X-direction carriage 610 along the Z-direction through the guiding mechanism, and simultaneously move relative to the lathe bed 100 along the Z-direction, the turntable mechanism 300 may be fixedly disposed on the Z-direction carriage 620, the X-direction is perpendicular to the Z-direction, and both the X-direction and the Z-direction are perpendicular to the rotation axis a of the fan turbine 310.
The guiding mechanism may be a slider guide rail, including a guiding column and a slider, where the guiding column may be fixedly provided on the X-direction slide carriage 610, and the slider may be slidably provided on the guiding column, and the Z-direction slide carriage 620 may be fixedly connected to the slider by a screw, so that the slider and the Z-direction slide carriage 620 move synchronously along the Z-direction.
In an alternative embodiment, the ultra-precision lathe may further include a second power mechanism, the second power mechanism may include a second motor 640 and a second ball screw, the second ball screw includes a second screw and a second nut, the second motor 640 may be fixedly disposed on the X-direction slide 610, the second screw is rotatably disposed on the X-direction slide 610, the second motor 640 is connected with the second screw, and is used for driving the second screw to rotate, an axial direction of the second screw is consistent with a Z direction, the second nut is in threaded fit with the second screw, the second screw rotates to drive the second nut to move along an axial direction of the second screw, and the Z-direction slide 620 may be fixedly connected with the second nut, so that the second nut drives the Z-direction slide 620 to move along the Z direction.
In this case, the X-direction slide carriage 610 and the Z-direction slide carriage 620 may drive the turntable mechanism 300 and the tool 800 fixedly disposed on the fan-shaped turbine 310 to move relative to the machine body 100, so as to finish turning the workpiece 700, and the tool 800 may change a feeding position when moving relative to the machine body 100, a tip of the tool 800 is located on a rotation axis a of the fan-shaped turbine 310, and the fan-shaped turbine 310 may rotate to drive the tool 800 to rotate around the tip, so as to change a feeding direction.
For example, referring to fig. 10 again, the Z-direction carriage 620 drives the turntable mechanism 300 to move along the Z direction, so that the movement of the tool 800 from the a position to the B position in the drawing can be completed, the X-direction carriage 610 drives the turntable mechanism 300 to move along the X direction, the movement of the tool 800 from the B position to the C position in the drawing can be completed, the fan-shaped turbine 310 drives the tool 800 to rotate so as to rotate the tool 800 around the tool nose, the feeding direction is changed, and the Z-direction carriage 620 drives the turntable mechanism 300 to move along the Z direction in a direction close to the workpiece 700, so that the movement of the tool 800 from the C position to the D position in the drawing can be completed, thereby realizing the adjustment of the feeding position and the feeding angle.
The structure of the ultra-precise lathe can be compact, and a good processing path can be provided for processing the Fresnel lens die.
Of course, the distance between the tool 800 and the workpiece 700 can be changed by moving the turntable mechanism 300 relative to the lathe bed 100, so that workpieces 700 with different specifications can be machined, and the ultra-precise lathe can be used for machining other workpieces besides Fresnel lens molds, so that the machining requirements of multiple fields and multiple specifications can be met.
According to the above technical scheme, the ultra-precise lathe comprises an X-carriage box 500, the X-carriage box 500 is disposed on the lathe bed 100, the fully-closed hydrostatic guideway 400 comprises a guide pillar 410 and a hydrostatic slider 420, two ends of the guide pillar 410 are respectively connected to opposite side walls of the X-carriage box 500, so that the guide pillar 410 is fixedly disposed on a wall of the X-carriage box 500, the hydrostatic slider 420 can be slidably sleeved on an outer periphery of the guide pillar 410, further, a hydrostatic oil cavity can be formed between the hydrostatic slider 420 and the guide pillar 410, the hydrostatic slider 420 can be provided with an oil duct communicated with the hydrostatic oil cavity, the oil duct is used for communicating an external oil supply device, and the X-direction carriage 610 is fixedly connected with the hydrostatic slider 420.
In this case, the external oil supply device supplies hydraulic oil to the static pressure oil chamber through the oil passage, thereby providing lubricating oil for the movement of the static pressure sliding block 420, and the hydraulic oil in the static pressure oil chamber can flow into the X-shaped slide carriage box 500, thereby recovering the hydraulic oil and preventing the outflow of the hydraulic oil.
In a further technical scheme, the X carriage box 500 may be provided with an oil outlet, the oil outlet may be connected with an oil drain pipe, the oil drain pipe may be provided with a switch valve, and the oil drain pipe is conducted under the condition that the switch valve is opened, so that hydraulic oil in the X carriage box 500 can be drained.
A restrictor assembly 430 may also be in communication between the external oil supply and the oil gallery to control the flow of oil to the static pressure oil chamber.
In a further aspect, the fully-closed hydrostatic rail 400 may further include a restrictor assembly 430, and the hydrostatic oil chamber may be in communication with an external oil supply through the restrictor assembly 430.
The restrictor assembly 430 may include a first restrictor 431, a restrictor diaphragm 433 and a second restrictor 432 that are sequentially stacked and connected, the first restrictor 431, the restrictor diaphragm 433 and the second restrictor 432 may be connected by screw fixation, two grooves may be opened at an end surface of the first restrictor 431 facing the restrictor diaphragm 433 so that a first restrictor gap 434 and a third restrictor gap are formed between the first restrictor 431 and the restrictor diaphragm 433, and two grooves may be opened at an end surface of the second restrictor 432 facing the restrictor diaphragm 433 so that a second restrictor gap 435 and a fourth restrictor gap are formed between the second restrictor 432 and the restrictor diaphragm 433.
The first, third, second, and fourth throttle gaps 434, 435, and 435 are all used to communicate with an external oil supply device.
The static pressure oil chamber may include first and second chambers 440 and 450 disposed opposite to each other and third and fourth chambers 460 and 470 disposed opposite to each other, and the first, second, third and fourth chambers 440, 450, 460 and 470 communicate with each other.
The first chamber 440 may communicate with the external oil supply through the first throttle gap 434 such that the flow into the first chamber 440 is controlled through the first throttle gap 434, the second chamber 450 may communicate with the external oil supply through the second throttle gap 435 such that the flow into the second chamber 450 is controlled through the second throttle gap 435, the third chamber 460 may communicate with the external oil supply through the third throttle gap such that the flow into the third chamber 460 is controlled through the third throttle gap, and the fourth chamber 470 may communicate with the external oil supply through the fourth throttle gap such that the flow into the fourth chamber 470 is controlled through the fourth throttle gap.
In this case, the ultra-precise lathe can meet the rigidity requirement of the fresnel lens mold and other processing technologies in the horizontal feeding direction by controlling the flow rate of the oil liquid flowing into the first chamber 440, the second chamber 450, the third chamber 460 and the fourth chamber 470.
The restrictor assembly 430 may be provided with a first oil inlet channel 4311 and a first oil outlet channel 4312, where the first oil inlet channel 4311 and the first oil outlet channel 4312 are both communicated with the first throttle gap 434, the static pressure slider 420 is provided with a first oil duct 421 communicated with the first chamber 440, and the first oil inlet channel 4311 is used for communicating with an external oil supply device, and the first oil outlet channel 4312 is communicated with the first oil duct 421, so as to be communicated with the first chamber 440.
The restrictor assembly 430 may be provided with a second oil inlet channel 4321 and a second oil outlet channel 4322, where the second oil inlet channel 4321 and the second oil outlet channel 4322 are both communicated with the second throttle gap 435, the static pressure slider 420 is provided with a second oil duct communicated with the second chamber 450, the second oil inlet channel 4321 is used for communicating with an external oil supply device, and the second oil outlet channel 4322 is communicated with the second oil duct, so as to be communicated with the second chamber 450.
The restrictor assembly 430 may be provided with a third oil inlet channel and a third oil outlet channel, where the third oil inlet channel and the third oil outlet channel are both communicated with the third throttling gap, the static pressure slider 420 is provided with a third oil duct communicated with the third chamber 460, the third oil inlet channel is used for communicating with an external oil supply device, and the third oil outlet channel is communicated with the third oil duct, so as to be communicated with the third chamber 460.
The restrictor assembly 430 may be provided with a fourth oil inlet channel and a fourth oil outlet channel, where the fourth oil inlet channel and the fourth oil outlet channel are both communicated with the fourth throttling gap, the static pressure slider 420 is provided with a fourth oil channel communicated with the fourth chamber 470, the fourth oil inlet channel is used for communicating with an external oil supply device, and the fourth oil outlet channel is communicated with the fourth oil channel, so as to be communicated with the fourth chamber 470.
In the case where the cross-sectional areas of the first, second, third, and fourth throttle gaps 434, 435, and 470 are different, the flow rates of the oil passing through the first, second, third, and fourth throttle gaps 434, 435, that is, the flow rates of the oil passing into the first, second, third, and fourth chambers 440, 450, 460, 470 are different.
Optionally, the cross-sectional areas of the first throttle gap 434, the second throttle gap 435, the third throttle gap, and the fourth throttle gap may be the same, or may be different, or may be partially the same, or partially different, and may be adjusted according to specific requirements. The cross-sectional areas of the first, second, third, and fourth throttle gaps 434, 435, and fourth throttle gaps refer to areas of cross-sections perpendicular to the flow direction of the oil inside themselves.
The fully-closed hydrostatic guideway 400 may include two guide columns 410, each guide column 410 may be provided with at least two hydrostatic sliders 420, each hydrostatic slider 420 is connected to the X-direction carriage 610, and the number of restrictor assemblies 430 may be the same as the number of hydrostatic sliders 420 and set in a one-to-one correspondence.
In this case, the strength of the support for the X-direction carriage 610 can be enhanced.
In the above-mentioned solution, the cutter 800 is fixedly disposed at the corner 311, and in order to achieve the fixed connection between the cutter 800 and the fan-shaped turbine 310, in an alternative embodiment, the cutter 800 may be fixedly disposed on the fan-shaped turbine 310 by welding or bonding.
In another alternative embodiment, the turntable mechanism 300 may further include a knife platen 360, the knife platen 360 may be disposed on the fan-shaped turbine 310, and a second accommodating space may be formed between the knife platen 360 and the fan-shaped turbine 310, the second accommodating space being for accommodating a knife body of the knife 800, the knife body of the knife 800 referring to a portion of the knife 800 other than a knife tip, and the knife 800 is pressed by the knife platen 360 on the fan-shaped turbine 310 in a state that the knife body of the knife 800 is located in the second accommodating space, that is, in an extending direction of a rotation axis a of the fan-shaped turbine 310, the knife 800 is positioned between the knife platen 360 and the fan-shaped turbine 310.
With this configuration, the tool 800 is easily attached to and detached from the sector turbine 310.
The knife pressing plate 360 can be arranged on the fan-shaped turbine 310 through the second bolt 380, the second bolt 380 penetrates through the knife pressing plate 360 to be in threaded connection with the fan-shaped turbine 310, the head of the second bolt 380 is abutted against the knife pressing plate 360, so that the knife 800 is pressed on the fan-shaped turbine 310 through the knife pressing plate 360, and when threads of different areas of the second bolt 380 are in threaded fit with the fan-shaped turbine 310, distances between the head of the second bolt 380 and the fan-shaped turbine 310 are different, and therefore the knife 800 with different thicknesses can be pressed on the fan-shaped turbine 310.
In order to enable the cutting edge of the cutter 800 to be positioned on the rotation axis a of the sector turbine 310, the position of the cutter 800 may be adjusted by a worker, and then the cutter 800 may be pressed against the sector turbine 310 by the cutter pressing plate 360.
In other embodiments, the fan-shaped turbine 310 may be provided with a mounting groove for accommodating the blade of the tool 800, and the shape and size of the mounting groove may be adapted to the shape and size of the blade of the tool 800, where the tip of the tool 800 is located on the rotation axis a of the fan-shaped turbine 310. Under the condition, as long as the cutter 800 is placed in the mounting groove, the cutter point can be positioned on the rotation axis a of the fan-shaped turbine 310, the process of adjusting the position of the cutter 800 is not needed, the mounting difficulty of the cutter 800 is reduced, the auxiliary operation time of the lathe caused by the misalignment of the cutter point and the rotation axis of the fan-shaped turbine 310 is eliminated, and the processing efficiency is improved.
The spindle 210 may be a hydrostatic spindle, which has sufficient precision and rigidity to meet the precision and rigidity requirements for the workpiece processing process such as the fresnel lens mold, and the first shaft end of the hydrostatic spindle may be fixedly provided with a vacuum chuck for connecting the workpiece 700. In this case, the workpiece 700 is convenient to be rapidly clamped, and the workpiece 700 is not easy to deform.
In order to drive the spindle 210 to rotate, the ultra-precise lathe may further include a spindle motor 230 and a conveyor belt 240, the conveyor belt 240 may be a belt or a chain, the spindle motor 230 is in transmission connection with the second shaft end of the spindle 210 through the conveyor belt 240, the conveyor belt 240 and the second shaft end of the spindle 210 may be in transmission connection through a transmission mechanism, the transmission mechanism may include a speed reducer and other mechanisms, the ultra-precise lathe may further include a spindle box 220 in order to improve safety, and the transmission mechanism and a part of the spindle 210 may be disposed in the spindle box 220.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An ultra-precise lathe for processing a fresnel lens mold, characterized by comprising a lathe bed (100), a spindle (210) and a turret mechanism (300), wherein:
the main shaft (210) is rotatably arranged on the lathe bed (100), the main shaft (210) is provided with a first shaft end and a second shaft end which are distributed along an axis, and the first shaft end is used for connecting a workpiece (700);
the turntable mechanism (300) comprises a fan-shaped turbine (310), the fan-shaped turbine (310) is rotatably arranged on the lathe bed (100), a rotation axis (a) of the fan-shaped turbine (310) passes through the circle center of a circular arc part of the fan-shaped turbine (310), the fan-shaped turbine (310) is positioned at one side of the first shaft end, which is away from the second shaft end, a corner (311) of the fan-shaped turbine (310) is used for installing a cutter (800), and under the condition that the cutter (800) is installed at the corner (311) and the cutter tip of the cutter (800) is positioned at the rotation axis (a) of the fan-shaped turbine (310), the cutter tip protrudes out of the fan-shaped turbine (310) towards the direction close to the first shaft end.
2. The ultra-precise lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that said turret mechanism (300) further comprises a tool rest base (320), said tool rest base (320) being provided on said lathe bed (100) and said tool rest base (320) being located on the side of said first axial end facing away from said second axial end, one of said tool rest base (320) and said sector turbine (310) being provided with an arcuate slot (321) and the other with an arcuate protuberance (312), said arcuate protuberance (312) extending into said arcuate slot (321), said arcuate protuberance (312) being in rotatable engagement with said arcuate slot (321) about a rotation axis (a) of said sector turbine (310);
when the cutter (800) is attached to the corner (311) and the cutting edge of the cutter (800) is located on the rotation axis (a) of the fan-shaped turbine (310), the cutting edge protrudes from the cutter holder base (320) in a direction toward the first axial end.
3. The ultra-precise lathe of claim 2, wherein the turret mechanism (300) further comprises a turbine platen (330), the turbine platen (330) is connected to the tool rest base (320), a first accommodating space is provided between the turbine platen (330) and the tool rest base (320), at least a portion of the fan-shaped turbine (310) is located in the first accommodating space, and the turbine platen (330) compresses the fan-shaped turbine (310) against the tool rest base (320).
4. The ultra-precise lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a fully-closed hydrostatic guideway (400) and an X-direction carriage (610), said fully-closed hydrostatic guideway (400) being provided to said lathe bed (100), said X-direction carriage (610) being provided to said fully-closed hydrostatic guideway (400), said X-direction carriage (610) being movable in X-direction relative to said lathe bed (100) by said fully-closed hydrostatic guideway (400);
the ultra-precise lathe further comprises a guide mechanism and a Z-direction slide carriage (620), wherein the guide mechanism is arranged on the X-direction slide carriage (610), the Z-direction slide carriage (620) is arranged on the guide mechanism, the Z-direction slide carriage (620) can move relative to the X-direction slide carriage (610) along the Z direction through the guide mechanism, the turntable mechanism (300) is fixedly arranged on the Z-direction slide carriage (620), the X direction is vertical to the Z direction, and the X direction is vertical to the rotation axis (a) of the fan-shaped turbine (310).
5. The ultra-precise lathe according to claim 4, further comprising an X-slide box (500), wherein the X-slide box (500) is disposed on the lathe bed (100), the fully-closed hydrostatic guideway (400) comprises a guide pillar (410) and a hydrostatic slider (420), two opposite box walls of the X-slide box (500) are connected to two ends of the guide pillar (410), the hydrostatic slider (420) is slidably sleeved on the periphery of the guide pillar (410), a hydrostatic oil cavity is formed between the hydrostatic slider (420) and the guide pillar (410), an oil duct communicated with the hydrostatic oil cavity is formed in the hydrostatic slider (420), and the X-direction slide (610) is fixedly connected with the hydrostatic slider (420).
6. The ultra-precise lathe of claim 5, wherein the fully-closed hydrostatic guideway (400) further comprises a restrictor assembly (430), the restrictor assembly (430) comprises a first restrictor (431), a restrictor diaphragm (433) and a second restrictor (432) which are sequentially connected in a stacked manner, a first restrictor gap (434) and a third restrictor gap are formed between the first restrictor (431) and the restrictor diaphragm (433), a second restrictor gap (435) and a fourth restrictor gap are formed between the second restrictor (432) and the restrictor diaphragm (433), and the first restrictor gap (434), the third restrictor gap, the second restrictor gap (435) and the fourth restrictor gap are all used for communicating with an external oil supply device;
the static pressure oil cavity comprises a first chamber (440) and a second chamber (450) which are arranged oppositely, and a third chamber (460) and a fourth chamber (470) which are arranged oppositely, wherein the first chamber (440), the second chamber (450), the third chamber (460) and the fourth chamber (470) are communicated;
the first chamber (440) communicates with the first throttle gap (434), the second chamber (450) communicates with the second throttle gap (435), the third chamber (460) communicates with the third throttle gap, and the fourth chamber (470) communicates with the fourth throttle gap.
7. The ultra-precise lathe according to claim 6, wherein the fully-closed hydrostatic guideway (400) comprises two guide posts (410), at least two hydrostatic sliders (420) are arranged on each guide post (410), each hydrostatic slider (420) is connected with the X-direction slide carriage (610), and the number of restrictor assemblies (430) is the same as the number of hydrostatic sliders (420) and is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence.
8. The ultra-precise lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that the turntable mechanism (300) further comprises a knife platen (360), the knife platen (360) is arranged on the fan-shaped turbine (310), a second accommodating space is formed between the knife platen (360) and the fan-shaped turbine (310), the second accommodating space is used for accommodating a knife body of the knife (800), the knife platen (360) compresses the knife (800) on the fan-shaped turbine (310) under the condition that the knife body of the knife (800) is positioned in the second accommodating space, and a knife tip of the knife (800) is positioned on a rotation axis (a) of the fan-shaped turbine (310).
9. The ultra-precise lathe of claim 1, wherein the spindle (210) comprises a hydrostatic spindle, the first axial end of the hydrostatic spindle being fixedly provided with a vacuum chuck for coupling to the workpiece (700).
10. The ultra-precise lathe of claim 1, wherein the turret mechanism (300) further comprises a turret motor (350) and a worm (340), an output shaft of the turret motor (350) being connected to the worm (340), the worm (340) being meshed with the sector worm gear (310).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310910808.2A CN116810416B (en) | 2023-07-24 | 2023-07-24 | Ultra-precision lathe for machining Fresnel lens molds |
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| CN202310910808.2A CN116810416B (en) | 2023-07-24 | 2023-07-24 | Ultra-precision lathe for machining Fresnel lens molds |
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| CN116810416B CN116810416B (en) | 2024-11-12 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118305339A (en) * | 2024-06-07 | 2024-07-09 | 宁波锦辉光学科技有限公司 | Fresnel lens processing method and device |
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| CN2560461Y (en) * | 2002-08-15 | 2003-07-16 | 夏振明 | Digital controlled helical groove milling machine |
| CN201455338U (en) * | 2009-07-29 | 2010-05-12 | 三门峡合鑫机床有限公司 | Double-column vertical digital controlled drill |
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