CN116724814A - A method for cultivating the umbrella-shaped densely planted tree shape of Zanthoxylum bungeanum - Google Patents
A method for cultivating the umbrella-shaped densely planted tree shape of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of a pepper umbrella-shaped close-planted tree form, which comprises the following steps: setting the trunk in spring of 1 st year, selecting and reserving 2-3 strong branches in winter as main branches, and cutting the main branches; selecting and reserving side branches in the 2 nd year of planting, and pulling the side branches, wherein the angle of a main branch is 90 degrees, and the side branches are horizontally downward by 30 degrees; planting the young shoots which are drawn and grown on the backs and obliquely upwards of the main branches and the side branches in summer of 3 rd year, and keeping 60-20 cm of short cut according to the principles of the inner height, the outer land, the thickness and the height; removing the extension heads of the main branches in winter, and leading the main branches to be carried with the fruiting branches; the extension heads of the fruiting branch groups on the back or obliquely are subjected to chopping by referring to the reservation principle of the 3 rd year in the planting of the 4 th year; after the 5 th year of planting, the culture and updating of the bearing branch group are mainly carried out by means of local branch pulling, scaling combination and sparse and dense filling. Compared with the traditional culture method, the culture method provided by the invention can obviously improve the planting density of the peppers and the planting tree per mu, the fruiting period is advanced, the yield and the quality are improved, and the premature delivery and high yield of the peppers are obviously realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pepper tree forms, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of umbrella-shaped close-planted pepper tree forms.
Background
2 tree forms are commonly adopted in pepper production: firstly, the wild pepper is naturally open-heart tree-shaped in the traditional crown thin planting mode, the proper planting density is 3-4 m multiplied by 4-5 m, and the main defects are that the space utilization rate in the young tree period is low, and the young tree period enters the full bearing period later; secondly, the multi-main branch cluster tree shape in Qiao Guan close planting mode has a proper planting density of 2-3 m multiplied by 3-4 m, and has the main defect of inconvenient picking due to too high crown after the full bearing period. The common disadvantages of these 2 traditional tree forms are: the fruit setting period is late, and the crown is high and the inner bore is empty after the fruit setting period, so that the working efficiency of picking and trimming the peppers is severely restricted, and the premature delivery and the picking operation of the peppers are not facilitated.
Therefore, in order to solve the problems, it is very important to explore a cultivation method of the umbrella-shaped close-planted tree form of the pricklyash peel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a cultivation method of a pepper umbrella-shaped close-planted tree form aiming at the defects of the prior art. The acre cultivated tree is 2-3 times of the traditional open-heart tree shape, the fruiting period can be advanced by 1-2 years, and the premature high yield can be realized easily by the base cultivation; the umbrella-shaped tree shape changes the traditional tree shape with the horizontal branch results at two sides of the backbone branch as the main result and the upward-inclined branch result as the main result, and the branch group has strong growth vigor, long service life, large pricklyash peel spike and high premature labor.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a cultivation method of a Chinese prickly ash umbrella-shaped close-planted tree form comprises the following steps:
s1, planting in the current year:
s11, field planting: planting 2-year-old pepper seedlings in the planting pits in spring;
s12, drying: setting the dry on the same day after setting, wherein the setting height is 20-25 cm;
s13, main branch selection, remaining and chopping: 2-3 current-year Jiang Wang branches which are dried in S12 and then extracted are selected as main branches after the pepper tree leaves fall in winter, and the rest are thinned; cutting off the selected main branch at a position of 30-40 cm, and triggering the side branch;
s2, planting in the 2 nd year:
s21, selecting and retaining side branches and pinching: 1 branch potential Jiang Wang and strong new shoots are respectively selected and reserved at two sides of each main branch in the middle and upper 6 months as side branches, and are used as backbone branches for cultivation together with the main branches; processing other young shoots which are extracted and generated on the main branch, and keeping the young shoots which are positioned at the two sides of the main branch and in the horizontal or oblique lower direction for 20-25 cm of summer cutting, wherein the young shoots which are positioned on the back of the main branch and in the oblique upper direction are only picked;
s22, cutting the backbone branch slightly, and pulling the backbone branch again: after the pepper tree leaves in winter, the top ends of the main branch extension heads and the lateral branches selected in the S21 are cut off by 5-10 cm after the buds are left behind, and meanwhile, the 1/2 parts of the main branch and the lateral branches are tied and fixed, the waist angle of the main branch is pulled to form 90 degrees with the vertical direction, and the lateral branches are pulled to form 30 degrees horizontally;
s3, planting in the 3 rd year:
s31, pruning in summer: in late 6 months, cutting off the young shoots obliquely sprouting on the backs of the backbone branches; s21, treating young shoots horizontally or obliquely at two sides of the backbone branch;
s32, pruning in winter: 8-12 large and medium-sized fruit branch groups are selected and reserved on each backbone branch, and the back of each backbone branch is obliquely upwards arranged, and the backbone branch groups are retracted to the short-cut processing position in the step S31; the medium and small fruiting branch groups growing horizontally or obliquely downwards are retracted while keeping the length of 30cm, and the compact fruiting shape is kept; thinning the extension heads of the main branches, and leading the main branches to be carried with the fruiting branches; planting tree crowns of 3 rd year zanthoxylum bungeanum trees to basically form umbrella-shaped embryonic forms with high inner bores and low outer edges, and entering an initial fruiting period;
s4, planting the 4 th year
S41, trimming in summer: in late 6 months, the extension heads of the large and medium-sized result branch groups on the back, which are formed after the S3 treatment on the backbone branches, are subjected to short-cut treatment, and the lengths of the large and medium-sized result branch groups on the back after the short-cut treatment are increased to 120 (60+60) -40 (20+20) cm from inside to outside;
s42, winter pruning: obliquely upward and obliquely returning the large and medium-sized fruit branch groups to the short-cut processing position of S41; small fruiting branch group treatment for horizontal or oblique growth is the same as that of S32;
s5, planting for the 5 th year and later
The 5 th year enters the full bearing period, and tree management is mainly carried out around the cultivation and updating of the bearing branch group in the current year and later;
s51, trimming in summer: in the growing season, the young shoots sprouting around the backbone branches in the current year are thinned out in time when cross overlapping occurs, or are cultivated into a fruiting branch group for use by a method of branch pulling and core picking; strong and vigorous nutrition branches germinated at the top ends of the large and medium-sized fruit branch groups are removed in time by obliquely upwards and upwards backs; along with the growth and expansion of the resulting branch groups, the situation that the branch groups are crowded and crossed easily occurs, and the branch spacing is pulled away in time in a mode of branch pulling, trimming, turning and shrinking, so that ventilation and light transmission are ensured;
s52, winter pruning: the dormancy stage mainly surrounds a shaping and trimming target which reasonably and fully distributes a result space and ensures ventilation and light transmission, and comprehensively utilizes the opening angle, the scaling combination and the chopping retraction of the branch when basically ensuring the umbrella-shaped characteristic of the crown, continuously conducting the thinning and removing of the excessively dense, overlapped and pest branches, conducting the chopping treatment on the result branches, continuously and dynamically updating and culturing the result branch group by means of the retraction and the buffering combination, and ensuring the stability of the permanent backbone branches and the annual fruiting capacity of the result branch group; finally, the umbrella shape with high inner bore and low outer edge is presented on the whole of the crown, which is mainly based on the result of the large and medium bearing branch group with the back inclined upwards.
Preferably, the row spacing of the plant planted in S11 is 2-2.5mX3-4 m, and the number of plants planted per mu is 67-111.
Preferably, the method of the chopping processing in S31 is as follows: the thickness is kept at 60cm to 20cm according to the principles of high inside, low outside and low thickness.
Preferably, the chopping process of the extension head of the upward-obliquely upward-resultant branch group in S41 is the same as the method of the chopping process in S31.
Preferably, the crown in the S52 has a crown width of 2.0-2.5 m and a crown height of 1.2-1.4 m in the shape of an umbrella with a high inner cavity and a low outer edge.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention relates to a cultivation method of a Chinese prickly ash umbrella-shaped close planting tree, which mainly uses the results of large and medium Chinese prickly ash fruiting branch groups obliquely upwards from the back on permanent backbone branches horizontally downwards from the top to the bottom, mainly uses the characteristics of a large number of germinated Jiang Wang branches at the rear part of the Chinese prickly ash branches after horizontally downwards pulling the branches, and reserves, cultures and uses the result branch groups obliquely upwards from the back of the backbone branches as main result positions, which is obviously different from the traditional results of the horizontal branch groups mainly used at the two sides of the main branch.
2. The whole crown cultivated by the cultivation method of the invention presents a canopy shape, the crown width is 2.0-2.5 m, the crown height is 1.2-1.4 m, the angles of permanent diaphysis branches such as main branches, side branches and the like are horizontally downward, fruiting branch groups mainly comprise upright fruiting branch groups which are born on the backs of diaphysis branches and on two sides obliquely, and the thickness and the height of the fruiting branch groups are gradually reduced from the inner bore to the outer edge; after the planting of the 3 rd year and the fruiting period, the diaphysis branch is thinned, the head of the main branch starts to be carried by the fruiting branch, and the crown is not expanded rapidly.
3. The umbrella-shaped close planting tree of the pricklyash peel has the advantages that the crown is low and compact, the tree is suitable for close planting and picking, the cultivated tree per mu is 2-3 times of the traditional open-core tree, the fruiting period is 1-2 years in advance, and the early-term high yield is easy to realize in-situ planting; the umbrella-shaped tree shape changes the traditional tree shape with the horizontal branch results at two sides of the backbone branch as the main result and the upward-inclined branch result as the main result, and the branch group has strong growth vigor, long service life, large pricklyash peel spike and high premature labor.
4. In the cultivation method, the waist angle of the main branch is pulled to 90 degrees with the vertical direction, the lateral branch is pulled to 120 degrees downwards horizontally, and compared with the lateral branch pulling angle of the main branch of the general pepper tree form, the lateral branch pulling angle of the main branch is 30-60 degrees, and the main branch pulling angle of the tree form is larger, so that the aim of further promoting a large quantity of branches to be sent out at the middle and rear parts of the backbone branch is achieved.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a picture of a single plant of Zanthoxylum bungeanum tree fruiting in example 1 of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the far vision of the cultivation method of the umbrella-shaped close-planted tree form of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
In the embodiment, the cultivation is performed in the Mitsui area of Gansu province in 2017 to 2023, and the cultivation area is 8 mu.
The cultivation method of the pepper umbrella-shaped close-planted tree form in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, planting in the current year:
s11, field planting: selecting 2-year-old seedlings of Dahongpao green pepper with definite species, developed root systems, full branches and buds and no plant diseases and insect pests, and planting the seedlings in a planting pit with the depth of 60cm and the diameter of 80cm in spring; the row spacing of the field planted plants is 2.5m multiplied by 4m, and the planting number per mu is 111 plants;
backfilling the mixture of surface soil and organic fertilizer below 25cm from the ground, backfilling the surface soil only within 25cm from the ground, planting seedlings in the surface soil, stamping and ensuring that the original buried trace of the rootstock of the seedlings is leveled with the ground, and watering 1.5Kg of field planting water;
s12, drying: after field planting, the stem is fixed on the same day, the height of the fixed stem is 20cm, namely, more than 20cm of the trunk of the seedling is cut off, other branches on the trunk are cut off, and the wound healing agent is smeared on the cut;
s13, main branch selection, remaining and chopping: after the pepper tree leaves in winter, 2 current-year Jiang Wang branches which are dried in S12 and then extracted are selected as main branches, and the rest are removed; cutting off the selected main branch at a position of 30-40 cm, and triggering the side branch;
s2, planting in the 2 nd year:
s21, selecting and retaining side branches and pinching: in the middle and middle of 6 months, 1 branch potential Jiang Wang and thick new shoots are respectively selected and reserved on two sides of each main branch to serve as side branches, the side branches and the main branch extension heads are used as backbone branches for culture, other new shoots which are extracted and generated on the main branch are treated, and the new shoots which are positioned on two sides of the main branch and horizontally or obliquely downwards are reserved for 20-25 cm summer cutting, and the new shoots which are positioned on the back of the main branch and obliquely upwards are only picked;
s22, cutting the backbone branch slightly, and pulling the backbone branch again: after the pepper tree leaves in winter, the top ends of the main branch extension heads and the lateral branches selected in the step S21 are cut off by 5-10 cm after the buds are left behind; simultaneously, 1/2 of the main branch and the side branch are tied and fixed, the waist angle of the main branch is pulled to form 90 degrees with the vertical direction, and the side branch is pulled to be 30 degrees horizontally downwards;
s3, planting in the 3 rd year:
s31, pruning in summer: in late 6 months, the new shoots sprouting on the back of the backbone branches (main branches and side branches) obliquely upwards are reserved for 20-60 cm according to the principle of high inside and low outside and low thickness and high outside, and are subjected to chopping treatment; the treatment of the new shoots at the two sides of the backbone branch or obliquely downwards is the same as the treatment method of other new shoots which are extracted from the main branch in the step S21;
s32, pruning in winter: 8-12 large and medium-sized fruit branch groups obliquely upwards are selected and reserved on each backbone branch (main branch and side branch), and the main branch and the side branch are retracted to a short-cut processing position in S31; the medium and small fruiting branch groups growing horizontally or obliquely downwards are retracted while keeping the length of 30cm, and the compact fruiting shape is kept; thinning the extension heads of the main branches, and leading the main branches to be carried with the fruiting branches; planting tree crowns of 3 rd year zanthoxylum bungeanum trees to basically form umbrella-shaped embryonic forms with high inner bores and low outer edges, and entering an initial fruiting period;
s4, planting the 4 th year
S41, trimming in summer: in late 6 months, the extension heads of the large and medium-sized result branch groups formed by the S3 treatment on the backbone branches are subjected to short-cut treatment, and the lengths of the large and medium-sized result branch groups on the treated backbones are increased to 120 (60+60) to 40 (20+20) cm from inside to outside; the method for the chopping processing of the extension head of the upward-oblique fruiting branch group in S41 is the same as that in S31;
s42, winter pruning: the back is obliquely upwards provided with a large and medium-sized fruit branch group which is retracted to a short-cut position of S41; the small fruiting branch group growing horizontally or obliquely is retracted while keeping the length of 30 cm; the 4 th year of planting is the transition period from the initial fruit period to the full fruit period of the pepper tree;
s5, planting for 5 years and later:
the 5 th year enters the full bearing period, and tree management is mainly carried out around the cultivation and updating of the bearing branch group in the current year and later;
s51, trimming in summer: in the growing season, the young shoots sprouting around the backbone branches in the current year are thinned out in time when cross overlapping occurs, or are cultivated into a fruiting branch group for use by a method of branch pulling and core picking; strong and vigorous nutrition branches germinated at the top ends of the large and medium-sized fruit branch groups are removed in time; along with the growth and expansion of the resulting branch groups, the situation that the branch groups are crowded and crossed easily occurs, and the branch spacing is pulled away in time in a mode of branch pulling, trimming, turning and shrinking, so that ventilation and light transmission are ensured;
s52, winter pruning: the dormancy stage mainly surrounds a shaping and trimming target which reasonably and fully distributes a result space and ensures ventilation and light transmission, and simultaneously, the umbrella-shaped characteristics of the tree crown are basically ensured, the over-dense, overlapped and pest branches are continuously thinned and removed by comprehensively utilizing the opening angle, the scaling combination and the chopping retraction, the bearing branches are subjected to chopping treatment, the bearing branch groups are continuously and dynamically updated and cultured by means of retracting and releasing combination, the stability of permanent backbone branches and the annual result capability of the bearing branch groups are ensured, and finally, the umbrella shape with high inner bore and low outer edge is finally presented, wherein the crown width in the umbrella shape is 2.0-2.5 m, and the crown height is 1.2-1.4 m.
The tree form mainly depends on the result of the large and medium fruiting branch group obliquely upwards, the crown love is small and compact, the tree form is suitable for close planting, and the fruiting branch group has strong growth vigor, long fruiting service life and large pepper spike size due to obvious advantage on the back; the tree form enters an initial fruiting period in the 3 rd year, enters a full fruiting period in the 5 th year, and the annual output is as follows: the yield of the dry peppers produced per mu in the 3 rd year is 32kg, the yield of the dry peppers produced per mu in the 4 th year is 65kg, the yield of the dry peppers in the 5 th year and the later full fruit period is stably kept between 140k and 150kg, the annual high-quality fruit rate reaches over 94 percent, and the service life of the dry peppers is 20 years.
The row spacing of the plants planted in the embodiment S1 may be 2m×3m, and the number of plants planted per mu may be 67, 100, 80, 90, 95 or 110; the method for pulling the branches in S51 and opening the angles of the branches in S52 is the same as the method in S22; the method for the chopping processing of the fruiting branch group in S52 is the same as that of the large and medium fruiting branch group in S32; the retraction treatment method of the fruiting branch group is the same as the retraction method of the middle and small fruiting branch group which grows horizontally or obliquely in the step S32;
comparative example 1
The comparative example is a traditional method for culturing the pistachio tree shape of the zanthoxylum bungeanum tree, which mainly comprises the following steps:
s1, planting in the current year
S11, field planting: selecting strong pepper seedlings, planting the strong pepper seedlings in planting pits with the depth of 60cm and the diameter of 80cm in spring, wherein the plant row spacing is 3.5m multiplied by 4.5m, and the number of plants per mu is 42;
s12, drying: the fixed dry height is 40cm;
s13, pruning in winter: 3 branches with equivalent growth vigor and strong thick length are selected to be cultivated as main branches, and 40cm of moderate chopping is reserved;
s2, planting in the 2 nd year:
s21, spring pruning: timely removing the upper inclined new tips on the back of the main branch, and keeping the two sides horizontal or lower inclined new tips, and the same;
s22, pruning in winter: 1 competition branch is selected and reserved on the same side of each main branch as a first side branch, and the rest competition branches on the two sides are thinned; the main branch extension head is reserved for 30cm of moderate chopping;
s3, 3 rd year after planting
S31, pruning in winter: in S22, selecting and reserving opposite sides of the first side branch, selecting and reserving 1 competition branch as a second side branch for each main branch, thinning out other competition branches, and simultaneously cutting out the extension heads of the main branches and the side branches by 5-10 cm; the main branch is pulled to open an angle, the main branch angle is inclined upwards and forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the vertical direction, and the side branch angle is 75 degrees;
s4, 4 th year after planting
S41, spring pruning: continuously thinning off the upper and lower branches of the back of the main side branch, and carrying out pinching and vigorous control on the retained horizontal and oblique lower nutrition branch new shoots;
s42, winter pruning: continuously cutting the extension head of the main branch slightly, namely cutting off 5-10 cm;
the tree form of the 4 th year is basically molded, and enters the initial fruit stage, and the tree management is mainly carried out around the cultivation and the updating of the fruit branch group in the current year and later. With the increase of the bearing branch groups, the yield is gradually increased until the 6 th to 7 th year reaches the full bearing period;
the annual acre yield in this comparative example is: 20kg in the 4 th year, 50kg in the 5 th year and the yield in the full bearing period from 6 th year to 7 th year are stably maintained at 80k to 100g, the annual high-quality fruit rate reaches about 85 percent, and the service life of the general result is 15 years.
Comparative example 2
The comparison example is a traditional multi-main branch cluster tree shape of a zanthoxylum bungeanum tree, and the method mainly comprises the following steps:
s1, planting in the current year
S11, field planting: selecting strong pepper seedlings, planting the seedlings in planting pits with the depth of 60cm and the diameter of 80cm in spring, wherein the plant row spacing is 2.5m multiplied by 4.0m, and the number of plants planted per mu is 67;
s12, drying: the fixed dry height is 15cm;
s13, pruning in winter: 6-8 branches with equivalent growth vigor are selected to be cultivated as main branches, and 40cm of moderate chopping is reserved;
s2, planting in the 2 nd year:
s21, spring pruning: selecting and reserving 1 Jiang Wangxin tips on two sides of a main branch as lateral branches for cultivation, and timely removing other competing branches; picking the main branch extension heads and the side branches;
s22, pruning in winter: cutting off the extension head of the main branch and the top end of the side branch by 20cm;
s3, 3 rd year after planting
S31, spring pruning: thinning out cross closed young shoots and Jiang Wangxin pins, and performing core picking treatment on the rest young shoots;
s32, pruning in winter: the chopping process is the same as S22; according to the tree body space, the closed branches and the crossed branches are retracted and thinned, so that reasonable load and ventilation and light transmission are ensured.
The method of the comparative example does not need to pull branches and dredge back-to-back branches, the upper side and the lower side of backbone branches and side branches are respectively provided with large and medium bearing branch groups, the tree body structure of the 3 rd year after planting is in a multi-bearing branch cluster shape and basically molded, and then tree management is mainly carried out around the bearing branch groups for cultivation and updating. With the increase of the bearing branch groups, the yield is gradually increased, and the bearing period reaches the full bearing period from the 3 rd year to the 7 th year; annual yield is: 12kg in 3 years, 30kg in 4 years, and the yield of 5-6 years is rapidly increased to 100kg, the yield of 7 years and later is stabilized at 120kg, the annual high-quality fruit rate reaches about 80%, and the service life is generally 15 years.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any simple modification, variation and equivalent variation of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The culture method of the umbrella-shaped close-planted tree form of the pricklyash peel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, planting in the current year:
s11, field planting: planting 2-year-old pepper seedlings in the planting pits in spring;
s12, drying: setting the dry on the same day after setting, wherein the setting height is 20-25 cm;
s13, main branch selection, remaining and chopping: 2-3 current-year Jiang Wang branches which are dried in S12 and then extracted are selected as main branches after the pepper tree leaves fall in winter, and the rest are thinned; cutting off the selected main branch at a position of 30-40 cm, and triggering the side branch;
s2, planting in the 2 nd year:
s21, selecting and retaining side branches and pinching: 1 branch potential Jiang Wang and strong new shoots are respectively selected and reserved at two sides of each main branch in the middle and upper 6 months as side branches, and are used as backbone branches for cultivation together with the main branches; processing other young shoots which are extracted and generated on the main branch, and keeping the young shoots which are positioned at the two sides of the main branch and in the horizontal or oblique lower direction for 20-25 cm of summer cutting, wherein the young shoots which are positioned on the back of the main branch and in the oblique upper direction are only picked;
s22, cutting the backbone branch slightly, and pulling the backbone branch again: after the pepper tree leaves in winter, the top ends of the main branch extension heads and the lateral branches selected in the S21 are cut off by 5-10 cm after the buds are left behind, and meanwhile, the 1/2 parts of the main branch and the lateral branches are tied and fixed, the waist angle of the main branch is pulled to form 90 degrees with the vertical direction, and the lateral branches are pulled to form 30 degrees horizontally;
s3, planting in the 3 rd year:
s31, pruning in summer: in late 6 months, cutting off the young shoots obliquely sprouting on the backs of the backbone branches; s21, treating young shoots horizontally or obliquely at two sides of the backbone branch;
s32, pruning in winter: 8-12 large and medium-sized fruit branch groups are selected and reserved on each backbone branch, and the back of each backbone branch is obliquely upwards arranged, and the backbone branch groups are retracted to the short-cut processing position in the step S31; the medium and small fruiting branch groups growing horizontally or obliquely downwards are retracted while keeping the length of 30cm, and the compact fruiting shape is kept; thinning the extension heads of the main branches, and leading the main branches to be carried with the fruiting branches; planting tree crowns of 3 rd year zanthoxylum bungeanum trees to basically form umbrella-shaped embryonic forms with high inner bores and low outer edges, and entering an initial fruiting period;
s4, planting the 4 th year
S41, trimming in summer: in late 6 months, the extension heads of the large and medium-sized result branch groups on the back, which are formed after the S3 treatment on the backbone branches, are subjected to short-cut treatment, and the lengths of the large and medium-sized result branch groups on the back after the short-cut treatment are increased to 120 (60+60) -40 (20+20) cm from inside to outside;
s42, winter pruning: obliquely upward and obliquely returning the large and medium-sized fruit branch groups to the short-cut processing position of S41; small fruiting branch group treatment for horizontal or oblique growth is the same as that of S32;
s5, planting for the 5 th year and later
The 5 th year enters the full bearing period, and tree management is mainly carried out around the cultivation and updating of the bearing branch group in the current year and later;
s51, trimming in summer: in the growing season, the young shoots sprouting around the backbone branches in the current year are thinned out in time when cross overlapping occurs, or are cultivated into a fruiting branch group for use by a method of branch pulling and core picking; strong and vigorous nutrition branches germinated at the top ends of the large and medium-sized fruit branch groups are removed in time by obliquely upwards and upwards backs; along with the growth and expansion of the resulting branch groups, the situation that the branch groups are crowded and crossed easily occurs, and the branch spacing is pulled away in time in a mode of branch pulling, trimming, turning and shrinking, so that ventilation and light transmission are ensured;
s52, winter pruning: the dormancy stage mainly surrounds a shaping and trimming target which reasonably and fully distributes a result space and ensures ventilation and light transmission, and comprehensively utilizes the opening angle, the scaling combination and the chopping retraction of the branch when basically ensuring the umbrella-shaped characteristic of the crown, continuously conducting the thinning and removing of the excessively dense, overlapped and pest branches, conducting the chopping treatment on the result branches, continuously and dynamically updating and culturing the result branch group by means of the retraction and the buffering combination, and ensuring the stability of the permanent backbone branches and the annual fruiting capacity of the result branch group; finally, the umbrella shape with high inner bore and low outer edge is presented on the whole of the crown, which is mainly based on the result of the large and medium bearing branch group with the back inclined upwards.
2. The cultivation method of the umbrella-shaped close-planted pepper tree form according to claim 1, wherein the row spacing of the planted plants in the step S11 is 2-2.5mx3-4 m, and the planting number per mu is 67-111 plants.
3. The cultivation method of the umbrella-shaped close-planted tree form of peppers according to claim 1, wherein the method of the chopping treatment in S31 is as follows: the thickness is kept at 60cm to 20cm according to the principles of high inside, low outside and low thickness.
4. The cultivation method of the zanthoxylum bungeanum umbrella-shaped close-planted tree form according to claim 1, wherein the method of the chopping treatment of the extension head of the upper-back obliquely-upper fruiting branch group in S41 is the same as the method of the chopping treatment in S31.
5. The cultivation method of the pepper umbrella-shaped close planting tree form according to claim 1, wherein the crown in the S52 is in an umbrella shape with a high inner bore and a low outer edge, the crown width is 2.0-2.5 m, and the crown height is 1.2-1.4 m.
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| CN101023730A (en) * | 2007-04-04 | 2007-08-29 | 李国华 | Fruit tree shaping and trimming method |
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| CN103477933A (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2014-01-01 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | Method for inverted umbrella-shaped tree form shaping pruning of large cherry tree |
| CN105145268A (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2015-12-16 | 罗瑞忠 | Planting method for zanthoxylum schinifolium |
| CN109673365A (en) * | 2019-02-15 | 2019-04-26 | 天水市果树研究所 | A kind of cultural method that Chinese prickly ash is tree-like |
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