CN1166798C - A wear-resistant cobalt-based alloy material - Google Patents
A wear-resistant cobalt-based alloy material Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 15
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 47
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005552 hardfacing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本发明涉及钴基合金，具体地说是一种耐磨钴基合金材料。The invention relates to a cobalt-based alloy, in particular to a wear-resistant cobalt-based alloy material.
钴基合金的发展和应用已有近百年的历史，由早期的高硬度表面合金(Hard facing alloy)，发展出耐磨、耐腐蚀和耐热三大类钴基合金[保罗·克鲁克，钴与钴合金，《特种合金》(Paul Crook，Cobalt and Cobalt Alloys，Specific Metals and Alloys)]。实际上Co-Cr-W(Mo)-C系合金几乎同时具备上述性质，只是随着工业发展的需求增加和钴基合金研究的不断深入，在合金使用性能上更强调某一方面的要求。作为耐磨钴基合金，由于同时具备一定的耐腐蚀和耐热性能，最早也是最广泛地得到应用。根据磨损条件，大致可以划分为粘着磨损，磨料磨损，疲劳磨损，腐蚀磨损，冲蚀磨损，微动磨损等磨损模(邵荷生，张清，金属的磨料磨损与耐磨材料，机械工业出版社，北京，1988.2)，大多数情况下多种模式结合，磨损参数又千差万别，所以对耐磨钴基合金性能的研究提出更高的要求。在目前的耐磨合金材料设计研究中，满足对材料硬度和强度的要求，材料塑性和韧性不够理想，如在小能量冲击作用下工作的活门座，实验中选择一种性能优异的典型耐磨的Stellite6耐磨钴基合金，却出现了严重的切削和磨削裂纹，且威胁到材料的抗冲击疲劳磨损性能，以至于无法成形。这就使如何在保持材料强度和硬度水平前提下提高材料塑性和韧性成为技术关键。The development and application of cobalt-based alloys has a history of nearly a hundred years. From the early high-hardness surface alloy (Hard facing alloy), three types of cobalt-based alloys have been developed: wear resistance, corrosion resistance and heat resistance [Paul Crook, Cobalt and Cobalt Alloys, Special Metals and Alloys (Paul Crook, Cobalt and Cobalt Alloys, Specific Metals and Alloys)]. In fact, Co-Cr-W(Mo)-C alloys almost have the above properties at the same time, but with the increasing demand of industrial development and the continuous deepening of research on cobalt-based alloys, the requirements for a certain aspect of alloy performance are more emphasized. As a wear-resistant cobalt-based alloy, it is the earliest and most widely used because it has certain corrosion resistance and heat resistance. According to wear conditions, it can be roughly divided into wear modes such as adhesive wear, abrasive wear, fatigue wear, corrosion wear, erosion wear, and fretting wear (Shao Hesheng, Zhang Qing, Abrasive wear and wear-resistant materials of metals, Machinery Industry Press, Beijing, 1988.2), in most cases, multiple modes are combined, and the wear parameters vary widely, so higher requirements are put forward for the research on the properties of wear-resistant cobalt-based alloys. In the current design and research of wear-resistant alloy materials, the requirements for material hardness and strength are met, and the plasticity and toughness of materials are not ideal. The Stellite6 wear-resistant cobalt-based alloy has serious cutting and grinding cracks, which threaten the impact fatigue wear resistance of the material, so that it cannot be formed. This makes how to improve the plasticity and toughness of materials under the premise of maintaining the strength and hardness of materials becomes the key technology.
本发明的目的是提供一种在满足对材料硬度和强度要求的前提下，提高材料塑性和韧性的钴基耐磨合金材料。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cobalt-based wear-resistant alloy material that improves the plasticity and toughness of the material on the premise of meeting the requirements on the hardness and strength of the material.
本发明的技术方案是：在合金主元素基本不变的情况下，提高合金的碳含量以保证合金的硬度和强度指标；降低硅含量，以提高合金塑性；取消铁，进一步提高塑性；忽略Ni，Mo，按重量百分比，其具体成分Cr27.0～29.0；W4.0～6.0；C1.3～1.6；Si0.3～1.2；Mn0.3～1；Co余量。The technical scheme of the present invention is: under the condition that the main elements of the alloy are basically unchanged, increase the carbon content of the alloy to ensure the hardness and strength index of the alloy; reduce the silicon content to improve the plasticity of the alloy; cancel iron to further improve the plasticity; ignore Ni , Mo, by weight percentage, its specific composition Cr27.0～29.0; W4.0～6.0; C1.3～1.6; Si0.3～1.2; Mn0.3～1; Co balance.
本发明具有如下优点：The present invention has the following advantages:
1.与现有技术中追求材料的塑性引起强度下降情况相比，本发明能在确保强度和硬度指标的同时，提高材料的塑性，由于塑性的提高改善了合金切削和磨削加工性能。1. Compared with the reduction of strength caused by the pursuit of plasticity of materials in the prior art, the present invention can improve the plasticity of materials while ensuring the strength and hardness indicators, and improve the cutting and grinding performance of alloys due to the improvement of plasticity.
2.采用本发明使塑性和屈服性能同时提高，能对合金抗冲击疲劳性能带来积极影响。2. Adopting the present invention can improve the plasticity and yield performance at the same time, and can have a positive impact on the impact fatigue resistance of the alloy.
3.由于本发明能在满足对材料硬度和强度要求前提下，提高材料塑性和韧性，使细薄铸件成形，机械加工和在疲劳磨损条件下应用成为可能。3. Since the invention can improve the plasticity and toughness of the material under the premise of meeting the requirements on the hardness and strength of the material, it is possible to form thin castings, machine them and apply them under fatigue and wear conditions.
图1为本发明碳含量变化对合金力学性能的影响曲线，其它元素含量(wt-％)为：Cr28％，W4.5％，Si1.0％，Mn0.5％，不含Fe，Co余量。Fig. 1 is the impact curve of the change of carbon content of the present invention on the alloy mechanical properties, and other element content (wt-%) is: Cr28%, W4.5%, Si1.0%, Mn0.5%, do not contain Fe, Co surplus quantity.
图2为本发明硅含量变化对合金力学性能的影响曲线，其它元素含量(wt-％)为：Cr28％，W4.5％，C1.3％，Mn0.5％，不含Fe，Co余量。Fig. 2 is the impact curve of silicon content change on alloy mechanical properties of the present invention, and other element content (wt-%) is: Cr28%, W4.5%, C1.3%, Mn0.5%, do not contain Fe, Co surplus quantity.
图3为本发明铁含量变化对合金力学性能的影响曲线，其它元素含量(wt-％)为：Cr28％，W4.5％，C1.3％，Si1.0％，Mn0.5％，不含Fe，Co余量。Fig. 3 is the impact curve of the change of iron content of the present invention on the mechanical properties of the alloy, and other element contents (wt-%) are: Cr28%, W4.5%, C1.3%, Si1.0%, Mn0.5%, not Contains Fe, Co balance.
图4为本发明实施例1中所述一种敏感活门座内镶块结构示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an inner insert of a sensitive valve seat described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
本发明在合金主元素基本不变的情况下，提高合金的碳含量以保证合金的硬度和强度指标；降低硅含量，以提高合金塑性；取消铁，进一步提高塑性；忽略Ni，Mo，按重量百分比，其具体成分：Cr27.0～29.0；W4.0～6.0；C1.3～1.6；Si0.3～1.2；Mn0.3～1；Co为余量。In the present invention, under the condition that the main elements of the alloy are basically unchanged, the carbon content of the alloy is increased to ensure the hardness and strength index of the alloy; the silicon content is reduced to improve the plasticity of the alloy; iron is eliminated to further improve the plasticity; Percentage, its specific composition: Cr27.0～29.0; W4.0～6.0; C1.3～1.6; Si0.3～1.2; Mn0.3～1; Co is the balance.
本发明基于如下设计思想：The present invention is based on following design idea:
从C，Si，Fe含量变化对合金力学性能的影响曲线上看，如图1所示，合金随C含量增加，强度和硬度显著增加，但引起塑性下降；如图2所示，Si含量增加不但引起塑性下降，同时造成硬度降低，但对强度影响不大；如图3所示，Fe对合金硬度和强度影响不大，但引起塑性下降。综合上述试验结果，所以在新合金设计中，在合金主元素基本不变的情况下，提高合金的碳(C)含量以保证合金的硬度和强度指标；降低硅(Si)含量，以提高合金塑性；另外取消了铁Fe，忽略杂质元素镍(Ni)和钼(Mo)。From the influence curve of C, Si and Fe content changes on the mechanical properties of the alloy, as shown in Figure 1, the strength and hardness of the alloy increase significantly with the increase of C content, but the plasticity decreases; as shown in Figure 2, the Si content increases Not only does it cause a decrease in plasticity, but it also causes a decrease in hardness, but has little effect on strength; as shown in Figure 3, Fe has little effect on alloy hardness and strength, but causes a decrease in plasticity. Based on the above test results, in the new alloy design, the carbon (C) content of the alloy is increased to ensure the hardness and strength of the alloy when the main elements of the alloy are basically unchanged; the silicon (Si) content is reduced to improve the alloy Plasticity; In addition, iron Fe is canceled, and impurity elements nickel (Ni) and molybdenum (Mo) are ignored.
实施例1Example 1
如图4所示，一种敏感活门座内镶块，结构细小，以前采用常规Stellite6合金，出现严重加工裂纹，不能成形。现采用本发明调整了合金成分，通过真空精密铸造技术使产品在确保强度和硬度指标的同时，提高材料的塑性，解决裂纹难题，利于耐冲击磨损性能，顺利通过活门使用性能试验。具体合金成分和性能如表1所示，其光洁度为0.1μm。As shown in Figure 4, an inner insert of a sensitive valve seat has a small structure. The conventional Stellite6 alloy was used before, and serious processing cracks occurred, so it could not be formed. Now the alloy composition is adjusted by the present invention, and the vacuum precision casting technology is used to ensure the strength and hardness of the product while improving the plasticity of the material, solving the problem of cracks, benefiting the impact and wear resistance, and successfully passing the valve performance test. The specific alloy composition and properties are shown in Table 1, and its smoothness is 0.1 μm.
表1实施例1合金成分(wt-％)和力学性能
实施例2Example 2
一种换向活门座内镶块，使用要求和外观结构与实施例1相当，尺寸略大，存在同样的加工问题，并通过使用本发明合金得到解决。同样采用真空精密铸造工艺，合金成分和力学性能如表2所示。An inner insert of a reversing valve seat has the same requirements and appearance structure as that of Example 1, but is slightly larger in size, and has the same processing problem, which is solved by using the alloy of the present invention. The vacuum precision casting process is also adopted, and the alloy composition and mechanical properties are shown in Table 2.
表2实施例2合金成分(wt-％)和力学性能
实施例3Example 3
一种换向活门座内镶块，使用要求和外观结构与实施例1相当，尺寸略大，存在同样的加工问题，并通过使用本发明合金得到解决。同样采用真空精密铸造工艺，合金成分和力学性能如表3所示。An inner insert of a reversing valve seat has the same requirements and appearance structure as that of Example 1, but is slightly larger in size, and has the same processing problem, which is solved by using the alloy of the present invention. The vacuum precision casting process is also adopted, and the alloy composition and mechanical properties are shown in Table 3.
表3实施例3合金成分(wt-％)和力学性能
相关比较例：Related comparative examples:
实施本发明与现有技术中Stellite6的化学成分及力学性能作一对比实验，具体情况见表4和表5。Carry out the chemical composition and the mechanical property of Stellite6 in the present invention and the prior art to do a comparative experiment, the specific situation is shown in Table 4 and Table 5.
表4 Stellite6和本发明钴基合金化学成分Table 4 Stellite6 and the chemical composition of the cobalt-based alloy of the present invention
合金 Cr W C Si Mn Fe Ni Mo CoAlloy Cr W W C C Si Mn Fe Ni Ni Mo Mo Co
Stellite6* 28 4.5 1.2 2max 1max 3max 3max 1max Bal.Stellite6 * 28 4.5 1.2 2 max 1 max 3 max 3 max 1 max Bal.
Stellite6** 26.89 4.31 1.2 1.92 0.71 - - - Bal.Stellite6 ** 26.89 4.31 1.2 1.92 0.71 - - - Bal.
本发明** 28 4.5 1.3-1.6 1.2max 1max - - - Bal.Invention ** 28 4.5 1.3-1.6 1.2 max 1 max - - - Bal.
**真空感应熔炼，熔模精密铸造成型试棒。 ** Vacuum induction melting, investment casting precision casting and forming test rods.
表5 Stellite6和本发明钴基合金力学性能Table 5 Stellite6 and cobalt-based alloy mechanical properties of the present invention
合金 σs，MPa σb，MPa δ，％ HRcAlloy σ s , MPa σ b , MPa δ, % HRc
Stellite6* 541 896 1 40Stellite6 * 541 896 1 40
Stellite6** 730 844 1.2 38Stellite6 ** 730 844 1.2 38
本发明*** 650-820 800-930 1.5-2 41-43The present invention *** 650-820 800-930 1.5-2 41-43
其中：*数据援引自保罗·克鲁克，贺尼国际公司，《钴与钴合金》(PaulCrook(Haynes International，Inc.)“Cobalt and Cobalt Alloy”)；**数据为另一现有技术相关比较例；***数据为本发明实施例。Among them: * Data quoted from Paul Crook (Haynes International, Inc.) "Cobalt and Cobalt Alloy" (Paul Crook (Haynes International, Inc.) "Cobalt and Cobalt Alloy"); ** Data is related to another prior art Comparative example; *** data is an embodiment of the present invention.
由表4和表5可见，与现有技术相比，本发明合金主元素几乎不变，主要调整合金中C，Si含量来匹配合金强度硬度和塑性指标；在确保强度硬度指标的同时，材料塑性得到了提高。As can be seen from Table 4 and Table 5, compared with the prior art, the main elements of the alloy of the present invention are almost unchanged, mainly adjusting C in the alloy, Si content to match the alloy strength, hardness and plasticity index; while ensuring the strength and hardness index, the material Plasticity has been improved.
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| CN108149126B (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2019-07-26 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Carbide-reinforced cobalt-based composite material for wear-resistant rotating shaft and preparation method thereof |
| US11155904B2 (en) | 2019-07-11 | 2021-10-26 | L.E. Jones Company | Cobalt-rich wear resistant alloy and method of making and use thereof |
| CN111705240A (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2020-09-25 | 河南科技大学 | A kind of preparation method of graphene-enhanced cobalt-based composite material for wear-resistant cutting tools |
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