CN116641815A - A power system and its control method based on ammonia fuel internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a power system of an internal combustion engine based on ammonia fuel and a control method thereof. The internal combustion engine uses hydrogen obtained by online cracking of ammonia as an ignition chamber fuel, and ammonia as a main combustion chamber fuel to realize zero-carbon emission. Through the cooling cycle pipeline, the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine cooling system and the residual heat of the cracked gas after ammonia catalytic cracking are used for the vaporization of liquid ammonia; respectively, the characteristics of liquid ammonia vaporization expansion and the momentum of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine are used to drive the turbine power generation device to output electricity and store the electricity In the storage battery; use the heat of exhaust gas and ruthenium-based catalyst to crack ammonia to produce hydrogen through ammonia catalytic cracker, and electric heating is used as heat supplement; heat insulation coating is set on the piston of internal combustion engine to reduce heat loss; variable intake and exhaust valves and The fuel supply mode adopts different control methods to cope with the change of the load condition of the ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine, and improves the thermal efficiency of ammonia; the invention realizes the efficient utilization of waste heat of the power system, and can select the combustion control method according to the load condition, so that the ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine can run stably and efficiently.

Description

A power system and its control method based on ammonia fuel internal combustion engine

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of efficient and clean utilization of ammonia fuel, and in particular relates to a power system and a control method thereof based on an ammonia fuel internal combustion engine.

Background technique

With the increasing environmental problems such as global warming, reducing the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and realizing a low-carbon energy structure have become the development goals of countries all over the world. It is imminent to develop clean combustion technologies that can replace traditional fossil energy. The power system of vehicles and ships is one of the main sources of carbon dioxide emissions, and the development of clean fuel power systems featuring low-carbon and carbon-free has become an important direction.

As an ideal renewable energy source, hydrogen has the advantages of being green and pollution-free. However, when hydrogen is stored at room temperature, a pressure above 25MPa is usually required. Therefore, hydrogen faces storage and transportation problems, and its cost and safety restrict the application of hydrogen energy. In addition to hydrogen, ammonia is also a carbon-free fuel. Ammonia can be stored in a liquid form at 0.857MPa at 20°C, with low storage and transportation costs. In addition, compared with liquid hydrogen, liquid ammonia has a higher energy density, and has a high octane number of ammonia gas, which has better anti-knock performance and has more safety advantages due to its low chemical reactivity. But at the same time, ammonia has problems such as low flame propagation speed, high minimum ignition energy, and narrow flammability limit. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the ignition and combustion process of ammonia to meet the requirements of its application in power systems. Previous studies have shown that in ammonia-fueled internal combustion engines, the use of a pre-chamber jet ignition system can efficiently ignite ammonia fuel and improve the combustion characteristics of ammonia. There are many choices of fuel for the pre-combustion chamber. Among them, hydrogen has the characteristics of low ignition energy, high laminar flame velocity, and enhanced activity of ammonia mixture. Therefore, hydrogen has been widely studied as a pre-chamber fuel. On the other hand, ammonia can be cracked to produce hydrogen under the action of high-temperature environment and catalyst, and the ammonia cracking efficiency can reach more than 90% under the condition of 500°C and the action of ruthenium-based catalyst, so the hydrogen produced by catalytic cracking of ammonia is used as the preliminary Combustor fuel is a better choice. In existing technical solutions, low-pressure ammonia gas or high-pressure liquid ammonia is usually used as the main combustion chamber fuel of ammonia-fueled internal combustion engines, but ammonia has low energy density and high latent heat of vaporization, and the injection of a large amount of ammonia fuel has a significant effect on reducing the ambient temperature, making it difficult to achieve ammonia Stable and efficient combustion of fuel. At the same time, about 35% of the energy released by the combustion of ammonia-fueled internal combustion engines is discharged with exhaust gas, resulting in a large energy loss. There is still room for improvement in the comprehensive energy utilization rate of ammonia-fueled power systems. In addition, in order to realize the stable operation of the ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine under different working conditions, it is necessary to select an appropriate control method.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a power system based on ammonia fuel internal combustion engine and its control method, in order to solve one or more technical problems in the prior art, while realizing stable ignition and high-efficiency combustion of ammonia fuel internal combustion engine, improve the efficiency of ammonia fuel The comprehensive energy utilization rate of the power system.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions. The present invention includes a liquid ammonia tank 1, which is characterized in that the output port of the liquid ammonia tank 1 is connected to the input port of the liquid ammonia filter 2 through a forty-first regulating valve 41, The output port of the liquid ammonia filter 2 is connected to one end of the forty-third regulating valve 43 and one end of the forty-second regulating valve 42 respectively, and the other end of the forty-third regulating valve 43 is connected to the liquid ammonia inlet of the liquid ammonia vaporization power generation device 10 53 is connected, the other end of the forty-second regulating valve 42 is connected with the input end of the high-pressure liquid ammonia pump 3, and the output end of the high-pressure liquid ammonia pump 3 is connected with the liquid ammonia injector 27;

The electric energy output port of the liquid ammonia vaporization power generation device 10 is connected with the storage battery 11, the coolant outlet 52 of the liquid ammonia vaporization power generation device 10 is connected with the input port of the circulating pump 9, and the ammonia gas outlet 55 of the liquid ammonia vaporization power generation device 10 is respectively connected with the first One end of the ammonia gas pipeline P2 is connected to one end of the second ammonia gas pipeline P3, and the other end of the first ammonia gas pipeline P2 is connected to the inlet of the ammonia gas storage tank 6 through the forty-fifth regulating valve 45 and the one-way valve 5 successively, and the ammonia gas storage tank 6. The outlet is connected to the ammonia injector 23 through the forty-ninth regulating valve 49 and the ammonia booster pump 8 in sequence, and the other end of the second ammonia pipeline P3 is connected to the ammonia gas inlet of the ammonia catalytic cracker 12. The ammonia pipeline P3 is provided with a forty-fourth regulating valve 44;

Storage battery 11 is connected with the electric energy output port of tail gas turbine generator 18, and the air inlet of tail gas turbine generator 18 is connected with the outlet of exhaust pipe 30 through tail gas pipeline P4, and the gas outlet of tail gas turbine generator 18 is connected with ammonia catalytic cracker. The tail gas inlet of 12 is connected, the power port of ammonia catalytic cracker 12 is connected with battery 11, the cracked gas outlet of ammonia catalytic cracker 12 is connected with the inlet of heat exchanger 15, and the gas outlet of heat exchanger 15 is sequential Connect to one end of the hydrogen injector 25 and the forty-eighth regulating valve 48 through the purifier 16 and the one-way valve 17 respectively;

The cooling liquid output end of the circulation pump 9 is connected with the internal combustion engine cooling system 32 through the forty-sixth regulating valve 46, and is connected with the cooling liquid input end of the heat exchanger 15 through the forty-seventh regulating valve 47, and the cooling liquid of the heat exchanger 15 The output end is connected with the cooling liquid input end of the liquid ammonia vaporization power generation device 10 .

As a preferred solution, the liquefied ammonia vaporization power generation device 10 of the present invention includes a casing, and an inverted a few-shaped cooling liquid pipeline is arranged inside the casing. The other end of the liquid pipeline is connected to the air inlet of the turbine generator 54, and the air outlet of the turbine generator 54 is an ammonia gas outlet 55; a coolant inlet 51 is provided on one side of the housing, and a coolant outlet 52 is provided on the other side of the housing.

As another preferred solution, the upper end of the main combustion chamber 22 of the present invention is provided with an intake passage 29, a pre-combustion chamber 21, a liquid ammonia injector 27, an exhaust passage 30 in sequence from one side to the other side, and the intake passage Ammonia injector 23 is arranged on 29, and variable intake valve 24 is arranged at the junction of intake passage 29 and main combustion chamber 22, and the lower end outlet of liquid ammonia injector 27 communicates with main combustion chamber 22 interiors, and exhaust passage 30 is connected with main combustion chamber 22. The connection of the main combustion chamber 22 is provided with a variable exhaust valve 28, and the main combustion chamber 22 is provided with a heat-insulating coating 31; Injector 25 and spark plug 26, the outlet of the lower end of pre-combustion chamber 21 communicates with main combustion chamber 22; The output end of the liquid ammonia pump 3 is connected, and the outlet of the exhaust channel 30 is connected with the tail gas pipeline P4.

As a preferred solution, the ammonia catalytic cracker 12 of the present invention is provided with a temperature sensor 13 .

As another preferred solution, the tail gas outlet of the ammonia catalytic cracker 12 in the present invention is connected with a tail gas purifier 14 .

As another preferred solution, the hydrogen storage tank 19 of the present invention is provided with a pressure detection port, and the pressure detection port is connected to the pressure sensor 20 .

Secondly, the high-pressure liquid ammonia pump 3 of the present invention is provided with a flow sensor 57 and a pressure sensor 4 .

In addition, the ammonia gas storage tank 6 of the present invention is provided with a pressure sensor 7 .

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

In the present invention, the cooling system of the internal combustion engine and the residual heat of nitrogen-containing hydrogen after catalytic cracking of ammonia are supplied to the vaporization process of liquid ammonia through the cooling circulation pipeline, and a turbine power generation device is arranged at the vaporization device of liquid ammonia to utilize ammonia in the vaporization process of liquid ammonia The characteristic of gas expansion urges the turbine to generate electricity, and stores the electricity in the battery to improve the working efficiency of the turbine generator and the utilization rate of electric energy; use the momentum of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine to drive the turbine generator to output electricity, and store the electricity in the battery; through The ammonia catalytic cracker uses the heat of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine and the ruthenium-based catalyst to carry out the cracking reaction of ammonia gas, and uses the electric heating of the battery to cope with the change of the working conditions of the internal combustion engine; the ammonia gas generated by the vaporization of liquid ammonia and the hydrogen gas generated by The gas storage tank and the hydrogen storage tank meet different combustion control methods; the temperature of the main combustion chamber is increased by setting a thermal insulation coating to ensure the stable combustion of the ammonia fuel; in the face of changes in the load conditions of the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine, the present invention can Different control methods are adopted for variable intake and exhaust valves and fuel supply modes, which greatly improves the thermal efficiency of ammonia and realizes stable operation of the internal combustion engine; the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine of the present invention not only realizes the efficient utilization of waste heat in the power system, but also can work according to the load The combustion control method is selected according to the conditions to realize the stable and efficient operation of the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following expressions.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power system based on an ammonia fuel internal combustion engine and its control method.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the main combustion chamber and the pre-combustion chamber of the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the liquid ammonia vaporization power generation device of the present invention.

In the figure, 1-liquid ammonia tank, 2-liquid ammonia filter, 3-high pressure liquid ammonia pump, 4-pressure sensor, 5-one-way valve, 6-ammonia gas storage tank, 7-pressure sensor, 8-ammonia gas Booster pump, 9-circulation pump, 10-liquid ammonia vaporization power generation device, 11-battery, 12-ammonia catalytic cracker, 13-temperature sensor, 14-exhaust gas purifier, 15-heat exchanger, 16-purifier, 17-Check valve, 18-Exhaust gas turbine power generation device, 19-Hydrogen storage tank, 20-Pressure sensor, 21-Pre-chamber, 22-Main combustion chamber, 23-Ammonia injector, 24-Variable intake valve , 25-hydrogen injector, 26-spark plug, 27-liquid ammonia injector, 28-variable exhaust valve, 29-intake port, 30-exhaust port, 31-heat insulation coating, 32-internal combustion engine cooling system , 41～50-regulating valve, P1-liquid ammonia pipeline, P2-first ammonia pipeline, P3-second ammonia pipeline, P4-tail gas pipeline, P5-coolant circulation pipeline, 51-coolant inlet , 52-coolant outlet, 53-liquid ammonia inlet, 55-ammonia gas outlet, 54-turbine generator, 56-electric wire.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described

As shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes a liquid ammonia tank 1, a part of liquid ammonia is used for vaporization to generate ammonia gas, and a part of liquid ammonia is directly injected as fuel in the main combustion chamber;

The output port of the liquid ammonia tank 1 is connected to the input port of the liquid ammonia filter 2 through the forty-first regulating valve 41, and the output port of the liquid ammonia filter 2 is connected to one end of the forty-third regulating valve 43 and the forty-third regulating valve 43 respectively. One end of the two regulating valves 42 is connected, the other end of the forty-third regulating valve 43 is connected with the liquid ammonia input port of the liquid ammonia vaporization power generation device 10, the other end of the forty-second regulating valve 42 is connected with the input end of the high-pressure liquid ammonia pump 3, The output end of the high-pressure liquid ammonia pump 3 is connected with the liquid ammonia injector 27 .

The cooling circulation pipeline P5 supplies the internal combustion engine cooling system 32 and the residual heat of the cracked gas after ammonia catalytic cracking to the liquid ammonia vaporization power generation device 10;

The cooling cycle pipeline P5 includes a circulating pump 9, a forty-sixth regulating valve 46, a forty-seventh regulating valve 47, a heat exchanger 15, a liquid ammonia vaporization power generation device 10, and an internal combustion engine cooling system 32; heat exchange with the ammonia cracking gas, and heat exchange with the waste heat of the internal combustion engine at the internal combustion engine cooling system 32; the coolant output end of the circulation pump 9 is connected with the internal combustion engine cooling system 32 coolant input end through the forty-sixth regulating valve 46, and through the fourth The seventeenth regulator valve 47 is connected to the coolant input end of the heat exchanger 15, and the coolant output end of the internal combustion engine cooling system 32 and the heat exchanger 15 is connected to the coolant input end of the liquid ammonia vaporization power generation device 10, and the liquid ammonia vaporization power generation device The cooling liquid output end of 10 is connected with the cooling liquid input end of circulation pump 9;

The cooling circulation pipeline P5 can choose water as the circulation medium.

The liquefied ammonia vaporization power generation device 10 performs the vaporization of liquefied ammonia and the turbine power generation process. A part of the vaporized ammonia is stored in the ammonia storage tank 6 for standby use, and a part is used for cracking hydrogen by the ammonia catalytic cracker 12;

The ammonia gas output ports of the liquid ammonia vaporization power generation device 10 are respectively connected to one end of the first ammonia gas pipeline P2 and one end of the second ammonia gas pipeline P3, and the other end of the first ammonia gas pipeline P2 passes through the forty-fifth regulating valve 45, one-way The valve 5 is connected with the 6 inlets of the ammonia gas storage tank, and the 6 outlets of the ammonia gas storage tank are successively connected with the ammonia gas ejector 23 through the forty-ninth regulating valve 49 and the ammonia gas booster pump 8, and the other end of the second ammonia gas pipeline P3 is connected with the The ammonia gas inlet port of the ammonia catalytic cracker 12 is connected, and the second ammonia gas pipeline P3 is provided with a forty-fourth regulating valve 44; the electric energy output port of the liquid ammonia vaporization power generation device 10 is connected with the storage battery 11;

The liquid ammonia vaporization power generation device 10 includes a casing, in which an inverted azimuth-shaped cooling liquid pipeline is arranged, and the two ends of the cooling liquid pipeline pass through the casing, and one end of the cooling liquid pipeline is a liquid ammonia inlet 53, and the other end of the cooling liquid pipeline is connected to the turbine generator. The air inlets of 54 are connected, and the air outlet of the turbine generator 54 is an ammonia outlet 55; one side of the housing is provided with a cooling liquid inlet 51, and the other side of the housing is provided with a cooling liquid outlet 52. Adopting the inverted a few-shaped coolant pipe can effectively prolong the heat exchange time of the liquid ammonia in the shell, and improve the heat exchange efficiency and effect. The cooling liquid inlet 51 and the cooling liquid outlet 52 are arranged on both sides of the shell to increase the heat exchange time of the cooling liquid in the shell and improve the heat exchange efficiency and effect. The ammonia gas after the vaporization and expansion of liquid ammonia acts on the turbine blades to drive the turbine to generate electricity, and the generated electricity is passed into the battery 11;

The liquid ammonia vaporization power generation device 10 can also adopt a thermoelectric power generation device structure, with the liquid ammonia vaporization endothermic process as a cold source, the circulating pipeline P5 cooling liquid as a heat source, and a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation device at the heat exchange position between the cooling liquid and liquid ammonia slices, under the action of the temperature difference between the cold source and the heat source, electricity is generated and passed into the storage battery 11 .

The stored electricity of the storage battery 11 can supply power to other components of the vehicle.

The tail gas of the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine is used for turbine power generation and heating ammonia catalytic cracker 12;

The outlet of the exhaust passage 30 is connected to the air inlet of the exhaust gas turbine power generation device 18 through the exhaust gas pipeline P4, the electric energy output port of the exhaust gas turbine power generation device 18 is connected to the battery 11, and the gas outlet of the exhaust gas turbine power generation device 18 is connected to the ammonia catalytic cracker. 12 tail gas inlets are connected, the tail gas of ammonia catalytic cracker 12 is discharged into the air after being purified by tail gas purifier 14, and the electric heater of ammonia catalytic cracker 12 is connected with storage battery 11;

After the cracked gas is purified by the purifier 16, a part is stored in the hydrogen storage tank 19 for standby use, and a part is directly passed into the pre-combustion chamber 21 for combustion; the gas outlet of the ammonia catalytic cracker 12 is connected with the air inlet of the heat exchanger 15, and the heat exchanger 15 The gas outlet of the gas outlet is connected to the air inlet of the hydrogen injector 25 and one end of the forty-eighth regulating valve 48 through the purifier 16 and the one-way valve 17 respectively, and the other end of the forty-eighth regulating valve 48 is connected to the intake air of the hydrogen storage tank 19. The gas outlet of the hydrogen storage tank 19 is connected to one end of the fiftieth regulating valve 50, and the other end of the fiftieth regulating valve 50 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen injector 25;

The pre-chamber 21 is arranged on the cylinder head, and its upper end is provided with a hydrogen injector 25 and a spark plug 26; , liquid ammonia injector 27, exhaust passage 30, and intake passage 29 is provided with ammonia injector 23; The outlet at the lower end communicates with the inside of the main combustion chamber 22, and a variable exhaust valve 28 is set at the connection between the exhaust passage 30 and the main combustion chamber 22, and the combustion of ammonia is improved by controlling the face value and the degree of scavenging when the variable intake and exhaust valves are opened. ; The main combustion chamber 22 is provided with a thermal insulation coating 31, and the thermal insulation coating 31 is arranged on the piston, one is to reduce the heating of the piston, ensure its working reliability and prolong the service life; the other is to reduce the heat loss in the cylinder, to a certain extent The first is to meet the heat demand of liquid ammonia vaporization and ensure the stable combustion of ammonia; the third is to increase the discharge temperature of exhaust gas, which is beneficial to the heat recovery and utilization of exhaust gas.

The invention proposes a combustion strategy combining jet ignition in the pre-combustion chamber combined with direct injection of liquid ammonia in the cylinder to realize the diffusion combustion of liquid ammonia, and solves the problem of cold start of the ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine by setting ammonia and hydrogen storage tanks, reducing the fuel supply system The complexity ensures the singleness of fuel carried by the vehicle and the convenience of filling, and at the same time realizes the stable operation of the ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine.

The ammonia catalytic cracker 12 is provided with a temperature sensor 13 . A temperature sensor 13 is provided to monitor the reaction temperature in the ammonia catalytic cracker 12 in real time. The temperature sensor 13 transmits the temperature signal of the catalytic cracking device 12, and can be set when the catalytic cracking device 12 does not reach 500° C., the control battery 11 supplies power to the heater of the catalytic cracking device 12, and ammonia gas is provided for the cracking reaction to occur in the ammonia catalytic cracking device 12 The required energy, this process mainly works in the starting condition and idling condition of the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine.

The hydrogen storage tank 19 is provided with a pressure detection port, and the pressure detection port is connected to the pressure sensor 20; the pressure sensor 20 can be connected to the detection signal input port of the forty-eighth regulating valve 48 and the detection signal input port of the fiftieth regulating valve 50 The ports are connected; the pressure sensor 20 can monitor the pressure value in the hydrogen storage tank in real time to control the opening and closing of the forty-eighth regulating valve 48 and the fiftieth regulating valve 50 .

The ammonia gas storage tank 6 is provided with a pressure detection port, and the pressure detection port is connected to the pressure sensor 7; the detection signal output port of the pressure sensor 7 can be connected with the detection signal input port of the forty-fifth regulating valve 45 and the forty-ninth regulating valve 45. The detection signal input port of the regulating valve 49 is connected; the pressure sensor 7 can monitor the pressure value in the ammonia storage tank in real time, so as to control the opening and closing of the forty-fifth regulating valve 45 and the forty-ninth regulating valve 49, and the one-way valve 5 Prevent ammonia backflow.

The high-pressure liquid ammonia pump 3 is provided with a flow sensor 57 and a pressure sensor 4 . The detection signal output port of the pressure sensor 4 can be connected with the detection signal input port of the controller of the high-pressure liquid ammonia pump 3 to ensure that the liquid ammonia reaches the required pressure. The detection signal output port of the flow sensor 57 can be connected with the detection signal input port of the controller of the forty-second regulating valve 42 and the detection signal input port of the controller of the forty-third regulating valve 43 to regulate the flow of the two pipelines.

When the internal combustion engine is running stably, the forty-fifth regulating valve 45 and the forty-eighth regulating valve 48 are opened, the forty-ninth regulating valve 49 and the fiftieth regulating valve 50 are closed, and ammonia and hydrogen enter through the regulating valves 45 and 48 respectively. In the ammonia storage tank 6 and the hydrogen storage tank 19, after the pressure of the storage tanks reaches the rated value, the forty-fifth regulating valve 45 and the forty-eighth regulating valve 48 are closed, and the ammonia and hydrogen stored in the storage tanks are used as the internal combustion engine starting work. Fuel in case.

During the starting working condition, the fiftieth regulating valve 50 and the forty-ninth regulating valve 49 are opened, the forty-eighth regulating valve 48 and the forty-fifth regulating valve 45 are closed, and the hydrogen storage tank 19 and the ammonia storage tank 6 are respectively Pre-chamber 21 and main combustion chamber 22 provide hydrogen and ammonia.

The combustion control method comprises the steps of:

During the start-up condition, in the intake stroke, the ammonia in the ammonia gas storage tank 6 enters the intake port through the ammonia gas injector 23, and the piston is between 360° and 180° before top dead center, and the ammonia gas injector (23) Ammonia is injected and mixed with air and enters the main combustion chamber 22; the face value when the variable intake valve 24 is opened is increased to increase the intake air volume so that the ammonia/air mixture fully enters the cylinder, and the hydrogen storage tank 19 Nitrogen-containing hydrogen enters the pre-combustion chamber 21 through the hydrogen injector 25; during the compression stroke, the piston is between 40° and 20° before top dead center, the spark plug 26 ignites the hydrogen mixture in the pre-combustion chamber 21, and the flame or jet product passes through the The hole enters the main combustion chamber 22 to ignite the ammonia mixture; in the exhaust stroke, delay opening the variable exhaust valve 28 to rapidly increase the temperature in the cylinder.

During low and medium load conditions, on the intake stroke, the piston is located between 300° and 180° before the top dead center, and the liquid ammonia is pressurized by the high-pressure liquid ammonia pump 3 and directly injected into the cylinder through the liquid ammonia injector 27, and Increase the injection advance angle and open the variable intake valve 24 in advance, and reduce the face value when the variable intake valve is opened to increase the intake swirl strength, promote the formation of homogeneous premixed gas in the cylinder, and the ammonia catalytic cracking device 12 produces After the cracked gas is purified by the purifier 16, the nitrogen-containing hydrogen enters the pre-combustion chamber through the hydrogen injector 25; in the compression stroke, the piston is between 40° and 20° before top dead center, and the spark plug 26 ignites the hydrogen in the pre-combustion chamber 21 Mixed gas, flame or jet products enter the main combustion chamber 22 through the through hole to ignite the ammonia mixed gas; in the exhaust stroke, the scavenging degree of the variable exhaust valve 28 is increased to prevent excessive pressure in the cylinder.

In high-load working conditions, during the intake stroke, liquid ammonia is boosted by the high-pressure liquid ammonia pump 3 and directly injected into the cylinder through the liquid ammonia injector 27. The piston is located between 260° and 180° before top dead center, and the liquid ammonia The injector 27 injects an appropriate amount of liquid ammonia in advance for the first time, reducing the face value when the variable intake valve 24 is opened, forming an ammonia/air homogeneous premixed gas in the cylinder, and the cracked gas produced by the ammonia catalytic cracking device 12 passes through the purifier 16 After purification, nitrogen-containing hydrogen enters the pre-combustion chamber 21 through the hydrogen injector 25. During the compression stroke, the piston is between 60° and 40° before top dead center, and the spark plug 26 ignites the hydrogen mixture in the pre-combustion chamber 21, flame or jet The product enters the main combustion chamber 22 through the through hole to ignite the ammonia mixture, the piston is located between 30° and 10° before the top dead center, and the liquid ammonia injector 27 injects a sufficient amount of liquid ammonia for the second time to realize the diffuse combustion of liquid ammonia and improve Ammonia fuel internal combustion engine power; in the exhaust stroke, increase the scavenging degree of the variable exhaust valve 28 to prevent excessive pressure in the cylinder.

It can be understood that the above specific description of the present invention is only used to illustrate the present invention and is not limited to the technical solutions described in the implementation examples of the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the present invention can still be modified or Equivalent replacements to achieve the same technical effect; as long as they meet the needs of use, they are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A power system based on ammonia fuel internal combustion engine, characterized in that comprising: The liquid ammonia tank (1) is characterized in that the output port of the liquid ammonia tank (1) is connected to the input port of the liquid ammonia filter (2) through a forty-first regulating valve (41), and the liquid ammonia filter (2) ) output ports are respectively connected to one end of the forty-third regulating valve (43) and one end of the forty-second regulating valve (42), and the other end of the forty-third regulating valve (43) is connected to the liquid ammonia vaporization power generation device (10) The liquid ammonia inlet (53) is connected, the other end of the forty-second regulating valve (42) is connected with the input end of the high-pressure liquid ammonia pump (3), and the output end of the high-pressure liquid ammonia pump (3) is connected with the liquid ammonia injector (27) connected; Cooling circulation pipeline (P5), including circulation pump (9), forty-sixth regulating valve (46), forty-seventh regulating valve (47), internal combustion engine cooling system (32), heat exchanger (15), liquid The ammonia vaporization power generation device (10) is characterized in that the coolant output end of the circulation pump (9) is connected to the internal combustion engine cooling system (32) through the forty-sixth regulating valve (46), and is connected to the internal combustion engine cooling system (32) through the forty-seventh regulating valve (47) Connected with the coolant input end of the heat exchanger (15), the coolant inlet (51) of the liquid ammonia vaporization power generation device (10) is connected with the coolant output end of the heat exchanger (15), and the cooling of the internal combustion engine cooling system (32) The liquid output end is connected, and the cooling liquid outlet (52) of the liquid ammonia vaporization power generation device (10) is connected with the cooling liquid input end of the circulating pump (9); The liquid ammonia vaporization power generation device (10), is characterized in that the electric energy output port of the liquid ammonia vaporization power generation device (10) is connected with the storage battery (11), and the ammonia gas output port (55) of the liquid ammonia vaporization power generation device (10) is connected with the first One end of the first ammonia gas pipeline (P2) and one end of the second ammonia gas pipeline (P3) are connected, and the other end of the first ammonia gas pipeline (P2) passes through the forty-fifth regulating valve (45), check valve (5) and ammonia in sequence. The inlet of the gas storage tank (6) is connected, and the outlet of the ammonia gas storage tank (6) is connected to the ammonia injector (23) through the forty-ninth regulating valve (49) and the ammonia gas booster pump (8) successively. The other end of the gas pipeline (P3) is connected to the ammonia gas inlet of the ammonia catalytic cracker (12), and the second ammonia pipeline (P3) is provided with a forty-fourth regulating valve (44); Exhaust gas turbine power generation device (18), it is characterized in that the air inlet of tail gas turbine power generation device (18) is connected with the outlet of exhaust passage (30) by tail gas pipeline (P4), the gas outlet of tail gas turbine power generation device (18) It is connected with the tail gas inlet of the ammonia catalytic cracker (12), and the electric energy output port of the tail gas turbine power generation device (18) is connected with the storage battery (11). 2. a kind of power system based on ammonia fuel internal combustion engine according to claim 1, is characterized in that the electric heater of ammonia catalytic cracker (12) links to each other with storage battery (11), and the cracked gas outlet of ammonia catalytic cracker (12) It is connected with the air inlet of heat exchanger (15), and the air outlet of heat exchanger (15) passes through purifier (16), one-way valve (17) respectively with hydrogen injector (25), the forty-eighth regulator respectively. One end of the valve (48) is connected, the other end of the forty-eighth regulating valve (48) is connected with the air inlet of the hydrogen storage tank (19), and the gas outlet of the hydrogen storage tank (19) is connected to the Hydrogen injector (25) links to each other. 3. A kind of power system based on ammonia fuel internal combustion engine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that said liquefied ammonia vaporization power generation device (10) comprises shell, is provided with inverted several-shaped cooling liquid pipeline in the shell, and the two ends of cooling liquid pipeline Pass through the shell, one end of the coolant pipeline is the liquid ammonia inlet (53), the other end of the coolant pipeline is connected with the air inlet of the turbine generator (54), and the gas outlet of the turbine generator (54) is the ammonia gas output port (55 ), one side of the shell is provided with a coolant inlet (51), and the other side of the shell is provided with a coolant outlet (52). 4. A power system based on an ammonia fuel internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper end of the main combustion chamber (22) is sequentially provided with an air inlet (29), a pre-combustion chamber (21) from one side to the other. ), liquid ammonia injector (27), exhaust duct (30), the inlet duct (29) is provided with ammonia injector (23), the inlet duct (29) and the main combustion chamber (22) junction is provided with There is a variable intake valve (24), the outlet at the lower end of the liquid ammonia injector (27) communicates with the interior of the main combustion chamber (22), and a variable exhaust port is provided at the connection between the exhaust passage (30) and the main combustion chamber (22). The door (28), the piston is provided with a thermal insulation coating (31); the pre-chamber (21) is provided on the cylinder head, and the upper end of the pre-chamber (21) is provided with a hydrogen injector (25) and a spark plug (26) , the outlet at the lower end of the pre-chamber (21) communicates with the interior of the main combustion chamber (22). 5. a kind of power system based on ammonia fuel internal combustion engine according to claim 2, is characterized in that described hydrogen storage tank (19) and ammonia storage tank (6) are respectively provided with pressure sensor (20) and pressure sensor ( 7). 6. A power system based on an ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that a flow sensor (57) and a pressure sensor (4) are arranged on the high-pressure liquid ammonia pump (3). 7. A control method based on ammonia fuel internal combustion engine, characterized in that comprising the steps: When starting the working condition, in the intake stroke, the ammonia gas in the ammonia gas storage tank (6) enters the intake port through the ammonia gas injector (23), and enters the main combustion chamber (22) after mixing with air, increasing the variable intake When the valve (24) is opened, the nitrogen-containing hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank (19) enters the pre-combustion chamber (21) through the hydrogen injector (25), and in the compression stroke, the spark plug (26) ignites the pre-combustion chamber (21 ), the flame or jet product enters the main combustion chamber (22) to ignite the ammonia mixture through the through hole, and in the exhaust stroke, delay opening the variable exhaust valve (28); During low and medium load conditions, during the intake stroke, liquid ammonia is directly injected into the cylinder through the liquid ammonia injector (27) after being pressurized by the high-pressure liquid ammonia pump (30), and the injection advance angle is increased and the variable advance angle is opened in advance. Valve (24), while reducing the face value when the variable intake valve is opened, the cracked gas produced by the ammonia catalytic cracking device (12) is purified by the purifier (16), and the nitrogen-containing hydrogen enters the preliminary stage through the hydrogen injector (25). Combustion chamber (21), in the compression stroke, the spark plug (26) ignites the hydrogen mixture in the pre-combustion chamber (21), and the flame or jet product enters the main combustion chamber (22) through the through hole to ignite the ammonia mixture, and in the exhaust stroke, Increase the scavenging degree of the variable exhaust valve (28); In high-load conditions, during the intake stroke, the liquid ammonia is boosted by the high-pressure liquid ammonia pump (3) and directly injected into the cylinder through the liquid ammonia injector (27), and the liquid ammonia injector (27) injects in advance for the first time An appropriate amount of liquid ammonia reduces the face value when the variable intake valve (24) is opened, and the cracked gas produced by the ammonia catalytic cracking device (12) is purified by the purifier (16), and the nitrogen-containing hydrogen enters the preliminary stage through the hydrogen injector (25). Combustion chamber (21), in compression stroke, spark plug (26) ignites the hydrogen mixture gas of pre-combustion chamber (21), and flame or jet flow product enters main combustion chamber (22) through through hole and ignites ammonia mixture gas, and liquid ammonia injector ( 27) Inject a sufficient amount of liquid ammonia for the second time, and increase the scavenging degree of the variable exhaust valve (28) in the exhaust stroke. 8. A control method based on ammonia fuel internal combustion engine according to claim 7, characterized in that in the intake stroke of the start-up condition, the piston is between 360° and 180° before top dead center, and the ammonia injector (23) inject ammonia, in the compression stroke, piston is between 40 ° to 20 ° before top dead center, and spark plug (26) ignites the hydrogen mixture of pre-combustion chamber (21). 9. A control method based on ammonia fuel internal combustion engine according to claim 7, characterized in that in the intake stroke of the low-medium load condition, the piston is located between 300° and 180° before the top dead center, and the liquid ammonia The injector (27) injects liquid ammonia, and in the compression stroke, the piston is between 40° and 20° before the top dead center, and the spark plug (26) ignites the hydrogen mixture in the pre-combustion chamber (21). 10. A method for controlling an internal combustion engine based on ammonia fuel according to claim 7, characterized in that in the intake stroke of the high-load condition, the piston is located between 260° and 180° before top dead center, and the liquid ammonia injection The device (27) sprays liquid ammonia for the first time. During the compression stroke, the piston is located between 60° and 40° before the top dead center, and the spark plug (26) ignites the hydrogen mixture in the pre-combustion chamber (21), and the piston is located at the top dead center. Between preceding 30 ° to 10 °, liquid ammonia injector (27) sprays liquid ammonia for the second time.