CN116618819A - A preheating device for inertial friction welding of dissimilar metals and its application method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides heterogeneous metal inertia friction welding preheating equipment and a using method thereof. The heating tower comprises an inductor, an inductor contraction device, an infrared sensing probe and an electromagnetic fixing seat; the host comprises an induction power supply, a display panel and a controller. The invention comprises the following steps: step A, fixing a heating tower; step B, setting heating frequency and expected temperature of the end face, and heating the end face of the welding part; and C, performing temperature monitoring, and starting the inductor contraction device when the temperature reaches the expected temperature of the end face, wherein the two weldments start to be subjected to friction welding. The invention is characterized in that: firstly, the induction preheating and the temperature control can be carried out before the inertia friction welding of two weldments made of different metal materials, and compared with the direct rotary friction heating of two weldments, the induction preheating and the temperature control device has the advantages of being faster in heating speed, capable of controlling heating temperature, even in end face temperature distribution and the like. And the induction heating is non-contact heating, so that the energy storage of the inertia disc can be performed while heating, and the normal working process of inertia friction welding is not influenced. And secondly, the welding piece is adsorbed on the machine base through the electromagnetic base, so that the welding piece is convenient to assemble and disassemble, and the clamping of the welding piece is not affected.

Description

A kind of dissimilar metal inertial friction welding preheating equipment and using method

technical field

The invention relates to the field of inertial friction welding, and relates to an induction preheating device for welding pieces of dissimilar metals and an application method thereof.

Background technique

Inertial friction welding of dissimilar metals is a modern metal welding method that enables the welding of two dissimilar metals at high welding speeds. In this method, a hydraulic system is used to apply pressure between two metals to the workpiece, creating high-speed film dilatation, which causes the workpiece to rub from one side to the other, causing the metals at the contact surfaces to be heated and melted and mix. The process does not involve melting and does not require the use of additional materials to complete the weld.

Compared with traditional spot welding, argon arc welding, resistance welding and other welding methods, friction welding has the following advantages.

1. Welding can be completed without heating or with a low degree of heating, avoiding problems such as deformation, cracks and deterioration caused by high temperature. 2. The stirring effect will be generated during the friction welding process, which will make the metal grains at the weld seam smaller and improve the strength and sealing of the weld seam. 3. Friction welding is easy to automate, and can realize automatic production of robots and production lines. 4. Friction welding does not or rarely produces welding slag and emits harmful gases, which meets environmental protection requirements. 5. Friction welding can be used for the welding of thin plates, dissimilar metals, and the connection of difficult-to-weld materials. In short, compared with traditional welding methods, friction welding has obvious advantages in production efficiency, welding strength, environmental protection, etc., so it is widely used in aviation, automobile manufacturing, railway and other industries.

Although friction welding has many advantages, there are also some technical difficulties.

1. It is difficult to control welding parameters. Different metals, different thicknesses and welding methods require different parameters such as rotational speed, strength and time. It is very important to select appropriate parameters to obtain high-quality welds. 2. The surface quality is unstable after welding. Due to the small frictional heat, it is easy to cause rough surface or irregular protrusions. This can affect aesthetics, limited by high-end industries such as aviation and automotive. 3. The shape and size of parts are relatively limited. The size of the parts for friction welding should be less than 10mm, otherwise, due to the large volume, the conductivity will be deteriorated, and the perfect connection of the weld cannot be guaranteed. 4. There are requirements for metal purity. Rough surfaces or impurities can also affect the strength and durability of the bond, so metal workpieces must be rigorously treated to smooth the surface and remove all contaminants. 5. Noise and vibration. During the friction welding process, equipment may generate noise and mechanical vibrations, which can affect the health and comfort of the operator.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the above difficulties, a preheating process is introduced to preheat the surface of the welding end to a state close to the melting point.

1. It can directly make up for the shortcomings of small frictional heat and uneven heat distribution in the previous friction welding process. 2. The physical state of the end face has changed, the breaking force required for friction welding will also be reduced, and the noise and vibration will be improved. 3. The impurities on the end face are easier to precipitate, which indirectly improves the smoothness of the end face and the quality of the weld is better. 4. It is more convenient to weld large-diameter weldments.

In order to achieve a fast and efficient preheating effect, the present invention provides an induction preheating device for dissimilar metal weldments and its use method, which can heat shafts, disks, etc. by adjusting the heating power and heating time. Classes, pipes and other weldments.

The technical principle of the invention is a kind of preheating equipment for inertial friction welding of heterogeneous metals.

Dual high-frequency power supplies are used to feed high-frequency current into the inductor, so that the end faces of the two dissimilar metal weldments heat up rapidly, and are in a state of thermoplasticity or surface micro-melting at the same time, and then the inductor automatically exits the processing area, and the pair of weldments at the mobile end rotates The end weldments are extruded and rubbed against each other, the metal in the preheated area of the end face of the weldment is plastically deformed, and the impurities and oxide layer on the original end face are extruded radially to form a flash, and the remaining clean metal is under the upsetting force. Under the action of close contact, effective connection is formed through interfacial diffusion and recrystallization.

The design features of a dissimilar metal inertial friction welding preheating equipment of the present invention are as follows.

The invention provides a preheating device for inertial friction welding of heterogeneous metals and its use method, which is composed of a heating tower and a main machine. The heating tower includes sensors, sensor shrinkage devices, infrared temperature measurement cameras and electromagnetic fixing seats. The host includes induction power supply, display panel, and controller.

When the switch of the electromagnetic fixing seat is turned on, the base can generate magnetic force, which is firmly attached to the metal guide rail at the bottom of the movable end of the inertial friction welding machine. When the switch of the electromagnetic fixing seat is turned off, the magnetic force disappears. This design facilitates the installation of the heating tower.

The inductor is composed of two heating coils and a magnetic coil in the middle. The function of the magnetic coil is to make the magnetic field generated by the heating coils of different frequency alternating current only heat the end face of the corresponding metal weldment. This design can meet the needs of heterogeneous The metal reaches the temperature requirement for friction welding at the same time.

The method of setting the heating frequency and the expected temperature of the end face is to input the physical properties of the metal weldment (such as melting point, resistivity), heating depth and end face shape through the host controller, and the host can automatically generate the heating frequency and the expected temperature of the end face.

The infrared temperature measuring device is installed on the heating tower, aiming at the end face of the metal weldment, and can display the detected temperature of the end face of the metal weldment on the display panel of the host. When the expected temperature of the end surface is reached, the trigger of the sensor retraction device is opened, and the sensor falls, and the spring at the bottom of the retraction device can buffer the impact of the drop.

The invention also discloses an operation method for preheating equipment for inertia friction welding of heterogeneous metals.

First of all, before inertial friction welding, open the electromagnetic fixing seat to fix the heating tower on the base of the moving end of the inertial friction welding machine, control the movement of the moving end of the inertial friction welding machine, and keep the inductor and the end faces of the two metal weldments Suitable heating distance.

Then, the rotating end of the inertial friction welding machine starts to rotate and store energy. At the same time, turn on the main unit of the pre-heating device, set the heating time and the expected temperature of the end surface, and the two high-frequency power sources in the main unit pass through the corresponding sensors respectively. Frequency alternating current, so that the end faces of two metal weldments generate induced current, and use the thermal effect of eddy current to heat the end faces of metal weldments.

Then, during the preheating process, the infrared sensor probe on the heating tower will monitor the temperature of the end face of the metal weldment. When the detected end face reaches the expected temperature, the host will control the movement of the sensor shrinking device to make the sensor shrink to the processing Outside the area, the preheating ends, and the friction welding of the two metal weldments begins.

Finally, after the inertial friction welding is over, if you need to continue welding, you only need to pull out the inductor in the heating tower after the weldment is fixed, and then repeat the previous steps. If no further welding is required, simply close the electromagnetic holder and remove the preheater.

Description of drawings

Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the preheating equipment for inertial friction welding of dissimilar metals.

Figure 2: Schematic diagram of the preheating equipment setup.

Figure 3: Schematic diagram of how the sensor works.

Figure 4: Schematic diagram of the structure of the sensor contraction device.

Figure 5: Flow chart of inertial friction welding of dissimilar metals.

In the figure: 1, mobile terminal. 2. Inertial accumulator. 3. Rotary end chuck. 4. Metal weldment A. 5. Sensor. 5-1. Insulator. 5-2. The heating coil of the mobile terminal. 5-3. Annular magnetic conductor. 5-4 swivel end heating coils. 6. Metal weldment B. 7. Mobile end chuck. 8. Mobile terminal. 9. Tail seat. 10. Hydraulic moving device. 11. Move the guide rail. 12. The sliding seat of the mobile end. 13. Infrared temperature measurement camera. 14. Electromagnetic fixing seat. 15. Host. 16. Data cable. 17. Sensor retraction device.

Specific implementation method

In order to perform inertia friction welding of dissimilar metals, many different tools and parts are used. These processes require workers with certain skills and experience to ensure the quality and integrity of the weld. The present invention provides the steps of inertial friction welding of dissimilar metals, the tools used, and how to comply with safety rules during the whole process.

Implementation steps.

Step 1: Clean the end faces of metal weldment A (4) and metal weldment B (6) to make them clean, smooth, free of dirt such as oil and rust. 7) Clamp the weldment on top so that the centerlines of metal weldment A (4) and metal weldment B (6) are on the same axis, put the preheating device on the sliding seat (12) at the mobile end, and open the electromagnetic fixing seat (14) Switch, pull out the sensor (5) of the preheating device, start the hydraulic moving device (10), move the moving end (8), and keep the sensor (5) and the end faces of the two metal weldments suitable Heating distance.

Step 2: On the control end of the inertial friction welding machine, set the friction time and pressure according to the metal type of the workpiece and production requirements. On the host (15) of the preheating device, input the physical properties (such as melting point, resistivity), heating depth and end face shape of the metal weldment to set the heating frequency and the expected temperature of the end face.

Step 3: Start the inertial friction welding machine, make the inertial accumulator (2) start to rotate and store energy, start the preheating device, and make the two high-frequency power sources inside the main unit (15) of the preheating device heat the coil (5- 4) and the heating coil (5-2) at the mobile end are fed with alternating currents of different frequencies, because the magnetic conductor in the inductor (5) is composed of two ring-shaped magnetic conductors (5-3) and an insulator (5-1) It can ensure that the magnetic fields of different strengths generated by the rotating end heating coil (5-4) and the moving end heating coil (5-2) will not interfere with each other, so as to achieve the requirement that dissimilar metals reach the expected friction welding temperature at the same time .

Step 4: The infrared temperature measurement camera (13) on the preheating device transmits the real-time temperature of the end faces of metal weldment A (4) and metal weldment B (6) to the host (15), and when the expected temperature is reached, the host ( 15) Send a signal to the sensor retraction device (17), the trigger (17-1) inside the sensor retraction device retracts the sensor (5) and falls, and is caught by the spring (17-2) at the bottom of the sensor retraction device.

Step 5: After preheating, the moving end (8) moves under the action of the hydraulic moving device (10), so that the end surfaces of the metal weldment A (4) and the metal weldment B (6) are in contact. Through friction, the welding can be made The temperature of the end surface of the part is more uniform, and the quality of the weld seam is improved.

Step 6: The hydraulic moving device (10) then pushes the moving end (8) to produce a small displacement and upsetting force. After the rotation of the rotating end (1) stops, loosen the rotating end chuck (3) and the moving end chuck (7) , Take out the completed weldment, check the quality of the weld seam, and the inertial friction welding of dissimilar metals is over.

Step 7: After the inertial friction welding is over, if you need to continue welding, you only need to pull out the inductor (5) in the heating tower after the weldment is fixed, and then repeat the previous steps. If it is not necessary to continue welding, the preheating device can be taken away only by closing the electromagnetic fixing seat (14).

Precautions for Inertial Friction Welding of Dissimilar Metals.

1. When performing welding operations, always pay attention to the operation panel to ensure that the pressure and heating are in the appropriate stage.

2. When high temperature and high pressure are involved in the welding process, it is necessary to wear appropriate personal protective equipment, such as goggles, gloves, protective clothing, etc., and ensure that the equipment and work area are clean and free of debris, and that all protective equipment Keep it accurate and effective.

3. After finishing the welding process, the equipment and workpiece need to be cleaned to ensure their stability and durability.

4. For the process parameters of inertia friction welding of dissimilar metals, production procedures and standards need to be strictly followed to ensure that the manufactured products meet the specified quality standards.

5. For any abnormality in the welding operation, such as noise, color change and current fluctuation, etc., the operation should be stopped in time, and maintenance and repair should be considered to ensure the stability and durability of the operation process.

Claims (6)

1. The present invention provides a preheating device for inertial friction welding of dissimilar metals and its use method, which is composed of a heating tower and a main machine. The heating tower includes sensors, sensor shrinking devices, infrared temperature measuring devices and electromagnetic fixing seats; the host includes induction power supplies, display panels, and controllers. The operating steps of the present invention are as follows: Step A. Before inertial friction welding, open the electromagnetic fixing seat to fix the heating tower on the base of the moving end of the inertial friction welding machine, and control the movement of the moving end of the inertial friction welding machine so that the sensor and the end faces of the two metal weldments Maintain a suitable heating distance; Step B. The rotating end of the inertial friction welding machine starts to rotate and store energy. At the same time, turn on the main unit of the preheating device, set the heating time and the expected temperature of the end surface, and the two high-frequency power sources in the main unit pass through the corresponding sensors respectively. High-frequency alternating current generates induced current on the end faces of two metal weldments, and uses the thermal effect of eddy current to heat the end faces of metal weldments; Step C. During the preheating process, the infrared sensor probe on the heating tower will monitor the temperature of the end face of the metal weldment. When the detected end face reaches the expected temperature, the host will control the movement of the sensor shrinking device to make the sensor shrink to the processing Outside the area, the preheating ends, and the friction welding of the two metal weldments begins. 2. A dissimilar metal inertial friction welding preheating device and its use method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step A, when the switch of the electromagnetic fixing seat is turned on, the base can generate magnetic force to firmly hold On the metal guide rail at the bottom of the movable end of the inertia friction welding machine, when the switch of the electromagnetic fixing seat is turned off, the magnetic force disappears. This design facilitates the installation of the heating tower. 3. A dissimilar metal inertial friction welding preheating device and its use method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step B, the inductor is composed of two heating coils and a magnetically conductive coil in the middle, and the magnetically conductive The function of the coil is to make the magnetic fields generated by the heating coils of different frequency alternating currents only heat the end faces of the corresponding metal weldments. This design can meet the requirements of friction welding temperature for heterogeneous metals at the same time. 4. A dissimilar metal inertial friction welding preheating device and its use method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step B, the method of setting the heating frequency and the expected temperature of the end surface is to input the metal welding temperature through the host controller. Based on the physical properties of the parts (such as melting point, resistivity), heating depth and shape of the end face, the host can automatically generate the heating frequency and the expected temperature of the end face. 5. A dissimilar metal inertial friction welding preheating device and its use method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step C, the infrared temperature measuring device is installed on the heating tower, aligned with the end face of the metal weldment, The detected end surface temperature of the metal weldment can be displayed on the display panel of the host. 6. A dissimilar metal inertial friction welding preheating device and its use method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step C, when the expected temperature of the end face is reached, the trigger of the sensor shrinking device is opened, and the sensor When falling, there is a spring at the bottom of the retracting device to buffer the impact of falling.