CN116564169B - A ventricular pre-excitation demonstration model - Google Patents
A ventricular pre-excitation demonstration modelInfo
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- CN116564169B CN116564169B CN202310358694.5A CN202310358694A CN116564169B CN 116564169 B CN116564169 B CN 116564169B CN 202310358694 A CN202310358694 A CN 202310358694A CN 116564169 B CN116564169 B CN 116564169B
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- G09B5/00—Electrically-operated educational appliances
- G09B5/02—Electrically-operated educational appliances with visual presentation of the material to be studied, e.g. using film strip
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Abstract
The invention discloses a ventricular pre-excitation demonstration model in the technical field of ventricular pre-excitation models, which comprises a normal conduction lamp band, a knob switch, a bypass conduction lamp band, a base and a heart model, wherein the base is a box body which is stably supported, the top of the base is stably provided with the heart model, the front side of an atrium of the heart model is a section, the ventricle of the heart model is a complete hemispherical model, the section of the heart model is forward, the section of the heart model can be sent out through the electrocardio conduction of a sinus node in the heart model and is conducted to the conduction range of the surface of the heart, and the electrocardio conduction path is intuitively displayed from inside to outside from part to whole, so that students can intuitively observe the conduction path and the range of ventricular pre-excitation, can be vividly displayed in the advancing process of the electrocardio conduction path through flashing of lamp beads on a lamp ring in the display state, and can be matched with a corresponding electrocardiogram through a display screen, and the teaching is clearer and simpler.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ventricular pre-excitation models, in particular to a ventricular pre-excitation demonstration model.
Background
The heart beating and blood supply flow is completed through contraction and relaxation of left atrium and right ventricle, the flow principle of blood in heart is that the right atrium contracts, the blood in right atrium pumps into right ventricle, venous blood pumps into pulmonary artery when the right ventricle contracts, the pulmonary is filled with oxygen sucked into human body, the combination of venous blood and oxygen in pulmonary is changed into arterial blood, after arterial blood is collected in left atrium, arterial blood in left atrium pumps into left ventricle when left atrium contracts, arterial blood pumps into aorta and important branches thereof when left ventricle contracts, and blood and oxygen are supplied to each viscera.
The principle of heart beating relies on electrical activity, which is normally given off by the sinus node. The impulse generated by the sinus node is actually a representation of bioelectricity, when the sinus node P cells emit electric activity, the electric activity is conducted to the atrium by the sinus node, when the atrium senses the electric activity of the sinus node, the atrial contraction is caused, the blood of the atrium is pumped to the ventricle when the atrium contracts, the electrocardio excitation is conducted to the ventricle from the atrium through the atrial node, the ventricular contraction occurs, and the blood of the ventricle is pumped out of the heart when the ventricle contracts, so that a complete heartbeat activity is completed.
The atrioventricular node has a conductive and excitatory effect. The electrical stimulation of the heart by the sinus node is transmitted through the atrium to the atrioventricular node and through the his bundle into the ventricular muscle, which may lead to systole and ejection of blood. In addition to conduction, the atrioventricular node also plays a pulsating role, and the atrioventricular node itself can produce electrocardiographic excitation, causing systole and ejection of blood. When the pacing points such as sinus node and atrium are abnormal, the atrial node can generate the electrocardio excitation and cause the ventricular beat when the atrial conduction block occurs in the lesion of the anterior area of the atrial node. The sinus node is the pacing site for the normal sinus rhythm of the heart.
The sinus node of humans is located at the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium, and is generally in a flat oval configuration. Normally, the atrioventricular groove formed by the endocardial cushion and the central fibrous body, and the annular tissue divide the atria and ventricles, and the atria and ventricles are electrically isolated except at the atrioventricular junction. The ventricles need to be contracted and the bioelectricity sent by the sinus node needs to pass through the atrium, the atrioventricular node and the bundle of his in sequence before entering the ventricles, the bioelectricity of the sinus node carries out impulse contraction on the left atrium and the right atrium simultaneously, and then is transmitted to the ventricles through the atrioventricular node, and the left ventricle and the right ventricle carry out impulse contraction later to complete the excitation of the blood pumping process.
The atrioventricular node is positioned below the endocardium of the right atrium side at the lower part of the atrial septum, is flat elliptic and is smaller than the sinus node, and the anterior lower end of the node is continuously provided with an atrioventricular bundle. The function of the atrioventricular node is to transfer impulses from the sinus node to the ventricles, and the impulses are briefly delayed in the node so that the atrial and ventricular muscles do not contract at the same time. Therefore, the blood can be accurately guided and pumped in sequence, and under normal conditions, the atrioventricular node does not independently generate impulse.
The normal heart atrium and ventricle have the atrioventricular ring isolation, only the atrioventricular node can conduct the current impulse in the atrium into the ventricle, and other parts of the atrioventricular is in an electric isolation state. The atrioventricular node of a patient is connected with the outside of an atrium, the atria and ventricles of other parts are also connected, and the connecting part is called an atrioventricular bypass. This atrial impulse is an impulse to the ventricles by conduction through the atrioventricular shunt, which is an abnormal conduction path and can be of many different kinds, some of which are rapid and some of which are slow, and ventricular pre-excitation is a type of arrhythmia disease, and causes the premature contraction of part of the ventricles due to the premature conduction of the electrical impulse to part of the ventricles. Ventricular pre-excitation is a disorder of abnormal atrioventricular conduction, which means that due to the presence of an atrioventricular bypass, the electrical activity of the heart cannot be conducted in the order of sinus node, internode, atrioventricular node, left and right ventricular conduction bundles, and the electrical excitation leads to arrhythmia in which part of the left ventricle and/or the right ventricle is excited by the pre-electrical excitation along the atrioventricular bypass. Pre-activation is the partial or complete activation of the ventricles by partial depression of the atrial activation through the atrioventricular node and partial depression through another congenital atrioventricular bypass to the ventricles. The combination of supraventricular tachycardia episodes becomes a pre-excitation syndrome. Ventricular pre-excitation is a tachyarrhythmia, combined with supraventricular tachycardia, and may have a significant increase in heart rate. Palpitations, hypotension, syncope, etc. may occur during the onset. Unless recorded quickly at the time of onset, it is difficult to capture such arrhythmias in a common electrocardiogram. Most patients need to use an electrocardiograph to conduct a 24-hour continuous dynamic electrocardiographic examination to determine the condition.
Most patients with ventricular pre-excitation have no organic heart disease, and simple ventricular pre-excitation has no symptoms, and is often found in the process of electrocardiography. Therefore, the symptoms are observed and judged through the electrocardiogram, and doctors with abundant clinical experience can finish the symptoms, but the trainees and students can hardly judge and understand the heart beating condition and principle of ventricular pre-excitation, so that the doctor and the students can hardly explain the heart beating condition and principle, the range of ventricular pre-excitation of the doctor is large, the range of the person is small, the electrocardiogram is slightly different, and the distinguishing point is very small, so that the actual illness state of the patient is more difficult to judge through the electrocardiogram.
Based on the above, the invention designs a ventricular pre-excitation demonstration model to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a ventricular pre-excitation demonstration model, which can be sent out through the electrocardio conduction of a sinus node in the heart model and is conducted to the conduction range of the heart surface, and the electrocardio conduction path is intuitively displayed from inside to outside, so that students can intuitively observe the conduction path and range of ventricular pre-excitation, teaching is easier, and can display different conduction ranges formed by the conduction of a ventricular bypass and the ventricular node, and different states formed by the heart impulse in different ranges generated on the heart surface are vividly displayed through the flickering of a lamp bead on a lamp ring in the display state, dynamic display is performed, the advancing process of the electrocardio conduction path is vividly displayed, the image is clearer and more definite, and the associated display can be performed through the matching of a display screen with corresponding electrocardiograms, so that the ventricular pre-excitation demonstration model is more convenient to use and clearer teaching.
The invention is realized in that a ventricular pre-excitation demonstration model comprises:
the device comprises a normal conduction lamp band, a knob switch, a bypass conduction lamp band, a base and a heart model;
the base is a box body which is stably supported, a heart model is stably erected on the top of the base, the front side face of an atrium of the heart model is a section, a ventricle of the heart model is a complete hemispherical model, and the section of the heart model faces forward;
an atrial lamp band is arranged between the sinus node of the heart model and the atrioventricular node and between the atrioventricular bypass;
the base is also provided with a knob switch, a display screen and a controller, and the display screen and the knob switch are connected with the controller;
the normal conduction lamp strip and the bypass conduction lamp strip are distributed in a heart chamber of the heart model, the normal conduction lamp strip and the bypass conduction lamp strip are not contacted with each other, and the normal conduction lamp strip and the bypass conduction lamp strip are arranged in an upper layer and a lower layer in a staggered manner;
The inside of the normal conduction lamp strip and the inside of the bypass conduction lamp strip are respectively provided with a plurality of independent lamp strips, each lamp strip in the normal conduction lamp strip and the inside of the bypass conduction lamp strip are mutually connected in parallel, and each independent lamp strip in the normal conduction lamp strip and the inside of the bypass conduction lamp strip is respectively and electrically connected with the knob switch;
the normal conduction lamp strip and the bypass conduction lamp strip are scattered and spread in the hemisphere of the heart model, and the front face of each atrial lamp strip, the front face of each normal conduction lamp strip and the front face of each bypass conduction lamp strip are provided with lamp beads.
Further, an electric connection ring piece is arranged outside the knob switch, the electric connection ring piece is an annular conductive piece, and a plurality of left ventricular guide blocks and right ventricular guide blocks are inwards convexly arranged on the inner ring edge of the electric connection ring piece;
The number of the left ventricular guide blocks is the same as that of the normal conduction lamp bands, and a plurality of the left ventricular guide blocks are electrically connected with a plurality of the normal conduction lamp bands in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
The right ventricle guide blocks and the bypass conductive lamp bands are the same in number, and the right ventricle guide blocks are electrically connected with the bypass conductive lamp bands in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
The electric connection ring piece is fixedly arranged in the base, the outer end of the knob switch is an insulating knob, the inner end of the knob switch is a cam, the knob switch can be rotatably arranged on the base, the inner end cam of the knob switch is electrically connected with the left ventricle guide block and the right ventricle guide block in a rotatable and separated mode, and the inner end cam of the knob switch is electrically connected with the controller;
the distribution cambered surfaces of the left ventricular guide block and the right ventricular guide block are not more than 80 degrees, the left ventricular guide block and the right ventricular guide block are distributed outside the knob switch in a surrounding mode, and the power-on ring piece is fixed in position and surrounds the outside of the knob switch.
Further, the normal conduction lamp area sets up the top in bypass conduction lamp area, all set up a plurality of LED lamp pearls in normal conduction lamp area and the bypass conduction lamp area, just the normal conduction lamp area does not shelter from the luminous LED lamp pearl in bypass conduction lamp area, the colour of lamp pearl is different in normal conduction lamp area and the bypass conduction lamp area.
Further, the normal conduction light strip comprises a plurality of LED light strips;
The normal conduction lamp bands are scattered and distributed and attached to the inner wall of the hemispherical heart of the heart model, and the normal conduction lamp bands cover the spherical surfaces of the left ventricle and the right ventricle of the whole heart model;
the bypass conducting lamp strip also comprises a plurality of LED lamp strips, the bypass conducting lamp strips are distributed in the right ventricle of the heart model in a dispersed manner, part of the bypass conducting lamp strips also form a dispersed covering part of the right ventricle, and the bypass conducting lamp strips are also formed in a dispersed manner and are attached to the inner wall of the hemisphere of the ventricle of the heart model;
the normal conduction lamp strip and the bypass conduction lamp strip are spread and attached to the inner wall of the ventricular hemisphere of the heart model, the luminous surface of the lamp bead faces outwards, and the normal conduction lamp strip and the bypass conduction lamp strip are distributed on the ventricular hemisphere of the whole heart model;
and part of the normal conduction lamp strips and the bypass conduction lamp strips are distributed in a staggered manner, and the lamp beads on the normal conduction lamp strips and the bypass conduction lamp strips are not shielded.
Further, a battery is arranged in the base, and the knob switch is electrically connected with the battery through a controller;
The display screen is a digital display.
Further, the front surface of the lamp bead on the atrial lamp belt is covered and attached with a cover plate, and the cover plate is a light guide plate;
The lamp beads are arranged on the bottom plate, connecting wires are arranged on the bottom plate of each atrial lamp strip, the bottom plate of each normal conduction lamp strip and the bottom plate of each bypass conduction lamp strip, and the controller is connected with the connecting wires of each lamp strip independently.
The invention has the beneficial effects that 1, the ventricular pre-excitation is generated by the ventricular bypass through the lamp ring display, so that the ventricular pre-excitation electrocardio impulse conducting path generated by the ventricular bypass is displayed more vividly, the conducting path in the heart is amplified into a model for display, the model is more vividly, and the electrocardio impulse conducting path is displayed by encircling the lamp beads into a ring shape for lighting or extinguishing, the display is more visual and accurate, and the electrocardio conduction of the ventricular node is more vivid;
2. The normal conduction lamp area and the bypass conduction lamp area of multiple different colours show the electrocardio conduction condition of room bypass, can clearly and definitely show the different conduction conditions of ventricular pre-excitation, and the conduction covers different scope and also show to the coverage condition of heart own agitation influence scope, this device has increased the display screen, can match the difference of coverage condition, can convenient adjustment show electrocardio matched content, and can distinguish with different colours, can match the corresponding electrocardio wave form to the different conduction conditions of room bypass, thereby make the teaching more directly perceived, can be more accurate, the teaching is more visual, abstract explanation's illustration when no longer, but more true simulation room bypass electrocardio conduction.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to examples of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a front distribution structure of a normal conductive light strip of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the front distribution structure of the bypass conductive strip of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the partial simultaneous lighting distribution of the normal and bypass conductive strips of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the power-on state of the rotary switch according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a power-off state of the rotary switch according to the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a single standby internal structure of the present invention.
In the drawings, the list of components represented by the various numbers is as follows:
1-normal conduction lamp band, 11-lamp bead, 12-bottom plate, 13-cover plate, 2-knob switch, 21-left ventricle guide block, 22-right ventricle guide block, 23-electric connection ring piece, 3-bypass conduction lamp band, 4-base, 41-heart model, 42-display screen, 43-controller, 44-atrium lamp band.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the present invention provides a ventricular pre-excitation demonstration model, which includes:
A normal conduction lamp band 1, a knob switch 2, a bypass conduction lamp band 3, a base 4 and a heart model 41;
the base 4 is a box body stably supported, the top of the base 4 is stably provided with the heart model 41, the front side face of an atrium of the heart model 41 is a section, a ventricle of the heart model 41 is a complete hemispherical model, and the section of the heart model 41 faces forward;
an atrial light band 44 is provided between the sinus node to the atrioventricular node and the atrioventricular bypass of the heart model 41;
The base 4 is also provided with a knob switch 2, a display screen 42 and a controller 43, and the display screen 42 and the knob switch 2 are connected with the controller 43;
The normal conduction lamp strip 1 and the bypass conduction lamp strip 3 are distributed in the heart chamber of the heart model 41, the normal conduction lamp strip 1 and the bypass conduction lamp strip 3 are not contacted with each other, and the normal conduction lamp strip 1 and the bypass conduction lamp strip 3 are arranged in an upper layer and a lower layer in a staggered manner;
The inside of the normal conduction lamp strip 1 and the inside of the bypass conduction lamp strip 3 are provided with a plurality of independent lamp strips, each lamp strip inside the normal conduction lamp strip 1 and the bypass conduction lamp strip 3 is mutually connected in parallel, and each independent lamp strip inside the normal conduction lamp strip 1 and the bypass conduction lamp strip 3 is respectively and electrically connected with the knob switch 2;
The normal conduction lamp strip 1 and the bypass conduction lamp strip 3 are all scattered and spread in the ventricle hemisphere of the heart model 41, the lamp beads 11 are arranged on the front surface of each atrium lamp strip 44, the normal conduction lamp strip 1 and the bypass conduction lamp strip 3, the conduction range of the sinus node in the heart model 41 can be transmitted through the electrocardiograph conduction, the conduction range of the heart surface is conducted, the electrocardiograph conduction path is visually displayed from inside to outside, students can visually observe the conduction path and range of ventricular pre-excitation, teaching is easier, the different conduction ranges of the atrioventricular bypass and atrioventricular node conduction can be displayed, and different states of the heart impulses of different ranges generated on the heart surface are visually displayed through the lamp beads 11 in a flashing mode during the display state, the electrocardiograph conduction path advancing process can be vividly displayed, the electrocardiograph conduction path is more vivid, the electrocardiograph display is clearer, and the associated electrocardiograph display can be carried out through the display screen 42 in a matching mode, the associated display is simpler and more convenient to use.
The outer part of the knob switch 2 is provided with an electric connection ring piece 23, the electric connection ring piece 23 is an annular conductive piece, and a plurality of left ventricular guide blocks 21 and right ventricular guide blocks 22 are inwards convexly arranged on the inner ring edge of the electric connection ring piece 23;
The number of the left ventricle guide blocks 21 is the same as that of the normal conduction lamp bands 1, and a plurality of the left ventricle guide blocks 21 are electrically connected with a plurality of the normal conduction lamp bands 1 in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
the number of the right ventricle guide blocks 22 is the same as that of the bypass conductive lamp strips 3, and a plurality of right ventricle guide blocks 22 are electrically connected with a plurality of bypass conductive lamp strips 3 in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
The electric connection ring piece 23 is fixedly arranged in the base 4, the outer end of the knob switch 2 is an insulating knob, the inner end of the knob switch 2 is a cam, the knob switch 2 is rotatably arranged on the base 4, the inner end cam of the knob switch 2 is electrically connected with the left ventricle guide block 21 and the right ventricle guide block 22 which can be rotationally separated, and the inner end cam of the knob switch 2 is also electrically connected with the controller 43;
The distribution cambered surfaces of the left ventricle guide block 21 and the right ventricle guide block 22 do not exceed an angle of 80 degrees, the left ventricle guide block 21 and the right ventricle guide block 22 are circumferentially distributed outside the knob switch 2, the electric ring piece 23 is fixedly arranged outside the knob switch 2, the lamp strip can be conveniently controlled to be on or off through the knob switch 2, so that different range sizes are controlled, the operation is simple, the display range can be freely controlled, the repeated manual control can be realized, the explanation is contrasted, the automatic control can be realized through the controller 43, the gradual range change can be continuously carried out one by one, and the visual display change process can be carried out for students.
The normal conduction lamp strip 1 is arranged above the bypass conduction lamp strip 3, a plurality of LED lamp beads 11 are arranged in the normal conduction lamp strip 1 and the bypass conduction lamp strip 3, the normal conduction lamp strip 1 does not shade the luminous LED lamp beads 11 of the bypass conduction lamp strip 3, the colors of the lamp beads 11 in the normal conduction lamp strip 1 and the bypass conduction lamp strip 3 are different, staggered display is convenient, and different ranges are convenient to control so as to display the dangerous degree caused by different range sizes of ventricular pre-excitation;
The normal conduction lamp strip 1 comprises a plurality of lamp strips, and each lamp strip has the same structure and only has different distribution shapes, so long as the whole ventricle can be distributed and covered, and the simulation demonstration of the heart electrocardiographic wave motion is facilitated;
The normal conduction lamp strips 1 are mainly distributed in a model in a left ventricle and are required to completely cover the left ventricle, and a plurality of normal conduction lamp strips 1 are distributed in a right ventricle of the heart model 41 in a scattered manner to carry out coverage simulation demonstration of normal beating of the heart, the normal conduction lamp strips 1 are fan-shaped and uniformly distributed and attached to the inner wall of a hemisphere of the ventricle of the heart model 41, and the shell of the heart model 41 is a light guide plate, so that light is conveniently scattered and guided, the light is soft, and the range light display state is realized;
the bypass conductive lamp strip 3 comprises a plurality of lamp strips, the internal structure and the power connection mode of the bypass conductive lamp strip 3 and the normal conductive lamp strip 1 are the same, but the shapes and the distribution positions are different, the bypass conductive lamp strip 3 is mainly distributed in a scattered manner in the right ventricle of the heart model 41, and part of the bypass conductive lamp strip is also distributed in an arc manner in a scattered manner and is attached to the inner wall of the hemisphere of the ventricle of the heart model 41;
The normal conduction lamp strip 1 and the bypass conduction lamp strip 3 are spread and attached to the inner wall of the ventricular hemisphere of the heart model 41, the luminous surface of the lamp beads 11 faces outwards, and the normal conduction lamp strip 1 and the bypass conduction lamp strip 3 are distributed on the ventricular hemisphere of the whole heart model 41;
The normal conduction lamp strips 1 and the bypass conduction lamp strips 3 with parts are distributed in a staggered manner, only for displaying the requirements and the range change of the coverage surface, as long as the mutual circuits are not communicated, the lamp beads 11 are not mutually shielded, each lamp strip is convenient to control independently, the structure is simple, the use is convenient, the manual control can be performed one by one, the manual free reverse rotation or the forward rotation can be realized through the rotation of the knob switch 2, the operation is simple, and the operation can be more flexible;
a battery is arranged in the base 4, and the knob switch 2 is electrically connected with the battery through a controller 43;
the display screen 42 is a digital display, so that the electrocardiographic waveform displayed by the display screen 42 can be controlled conveniently, and the display screen 42 can be in one-to-one correspondence with the displayed lamp bands, so that the matched electrocardiographic waveform can be displayed conveniently;
The front surface of the lamp bead 11 on the atrial lamp strip 44 is covered and attached with a cover plate 13, and the cover plate 13 is a light guide plate;
The lamp beads 11 are all arranged on the bottom plate 12, and connecting wires are arranged on the bottom plate 12 of each atrial lamp strip 44, each normal conduction lamp strip 1 and each bypass conduction lamp strip 3, and the controller 43 is independently connected with the connecting wires of each lamp strip, so that the lamp beads 11 can intuitively display the condition of the heart model 41, and are independently controlled.
In one embodiment of the invention:
The heart model comprises a heart model, a heart model and a graphic display device, wherein the heart model is characterized in that 1, the heart model is only provided with a heart internal structure model, the heart internal structure model can be intuitively observed, teaching is convenient, but the heart internal electrocardiograph is not intuitively displayed, a doctor is fully involved in abstract explanation, in particular, the conduction display on the outer wall of the heart by the sinus node in the heart cannot be displayed, the related technical content is not provided, the principle of the disease is fully involved in explanation, the various diseases are different in symptom feedback on heart change, the current proper device is used for displaying, 2, the ventricular pre-excitation generated by the chamber bypass of the heart is also different in coverage of each person, the corresponding electrocardiograph is also different, the previous teaching is self-memorizing, the teacher is involved in teaching, the graphic explanation of the teacher with skills is not convenient, the display effect is poor, and the teaching quality is not high.
The invention solves the technical problems that through the heart model 41 with the half-section of the upper half atrium and the display of the electrocardio conduction path, the heart model 41 with the complete heart model 41 with the half-section ventricle of the lower half, the electrocardio impulse sent by the sinus node in the heart is conveniently displayed to be transmitted to the ventricle, and the electrocardio impulses with different ranges transmitted by the atrial node and the atrial bypass are conveniently displayed, so that the display effect is good.
The invention has the technical effects that 1, the ventricular pre-excitation generated by the atrioventricular bypass is displayed through the lamp belt, so that the ventricular pre-excitation electrocardio impulse conducting path generated by the atrioventricular bypass is displayed more vividly, the conducting path in the heart is amplified to be displayed as the heart model 41, the heart is internally transferred to the outside of the heart, the heart is more vivid, and the lamp beads 11 are looped to be lighted or extinguished to display the electrocardio impulse conducting path, the display is more visual and accurate, and the electrocardio conduction of the atrioventricular node and the atrioventricular bypass is more vivid;
2. The normal conduction lamp strip 1 and the bypass conduction lamp strip 3 with various different colors are used for displaying the electrocardio conduction conditions of the atrioventricular bypass, different conduction conditions of ventricular pre-excitation can be clearly and clearly displayed, the conduction coverage ranges of the atrioventricular junction and the atrioventricular bypass with different sizes are displayed through the change of the coverage ranges of the normal conduction lamp strip 1 and the bypass conduction lamp strip 3, the conduction coverage ranges are conducted on the surface of the heart model 41, the display screen 42 is additionally arranged, the different coverage conditions can be matched with an electrocardiogram, the content of the electrocardiogram matching can be conveniently adjusted and displayed, the colors of the left ventricle can be distinguished from different colors, the coverage ranges are continuously reduced, the visual display is that the conduction impulse of the atrioventricular junction continuously reduces the stimulation range of the ventricle, the color of the lamp strip 3 of the right ventricle is continuously expanded under the control of the knob switch 2 or the controller 43, the change of the electrocardio conduction coverage range of the atrioventricular bypass on the heart is displayed, and thus the heart pre-excitation degree of the heart is aggravated, or the condition degree of the condition of the heart is visually displayed;
3. The electrocardiograph waveform that corresponds can be matchd to the different conduction condition of room bypass, and because the electrocardiograph difference of the different coverage of this kind of ventricle pre-excitation is very little, need contrast the observation, directly look over and hardly distinguish the explanation, this device is through continuous knob, still can reverse rotation knob switch 2, make this device can compare repeatedly, the correction is verified repeatedly, thereby make the teaching more directly perceivedly, can be more accurate, the teaching is more vivid, the diagrammatic illustration of abstract explanation no longer time just accomplishing in just showing, can let the student look repeatedly deepen impression, carefully observe the comparison repeatedly to the nuance, but the ventricular pre-excitation that the more true simulation room bypass produced observes the explanation.
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention aims to solve the problems, and the overall thought is as follows:
In order to better understand the above technical solutions, the following detailed description will refer to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
When the invention is manufactured, a normal conduction lamp band 1, a knob switch 2, a bypass conduction lamp band 3, a base 4 and a heart model 41 are required to be manufactured;
The base 4 is a box which is stably supported, a battery is arranged in the base 4, the knob switch 2 is electrically connected with the battery through a controller 43, and the display screen 42 is a digital display. The digital display can conveniently display graphics with different shapes, and the graphics can be adjusted through external storage equipment or pre-stored equipment of the controller 43.
The top of the base 4 is stably provided with a heart model 41, the front side face of an atrium of the heart model 41 is a section, a ventricle of the heart model 41 is a complete hemisphere model, and the section of the heart model 41 faces forward;
An atrial lamp strip 44 is arranged between the sinus node of the heart model 41 and the atrioventricular node and between the atrial node and the atrioventricular bypass, and the front surface of the lamp beads 11 on the atrial lamp strip 44 is covered and attached with a cover plate 13, and the cover plate 13 is a light guide plate;
The normal conduction lamp strip 1 is arranged above the bypass conduction lamp strip 3, a plurality of LED lamp beads 11 are arranged in the normal conduction lamp strip 1 and the bypass conduction lamp strip 3, the normal conduction lamp strip 1 does not shade the luminous LED lamp beads 11 of the bypass conduction lamp strip 3, the colors of the lamp beads 11 in the normal conduction lamp strip 1 and the bypass conduction lamp strip 3 are different, namely the normal conduction lamp strip 1 transmitted by a atrioventricular node is green and represents a normal conduction path, the bypass conduction lamp strip 3 transmitted by a atrioventricular bypass into a ventricle is red and represents an abnormal electrocardio conduction path, danger is brought, and people can observe the abnormal conduction path clearly through the color change.
The lamp beads 11 are arranged on the bottom plate 12, connecting wires are arranged on the bottom plate 12 of each atrial lamp strip 44, each normal conduction lamp strip 1 and each bypass conduction lamp strip 3, the controller 43 is independently connected with the connecting wire of each lamp strip, so that the starting and the extinguishing of each lamp strip are independently controlled, and the knob switch 2 is also independently controlled with each lamp strip;
The normal conduction lamp strip 1 and the bypass conduction lamp strip 3 are distributed in the heart chamber of the heart model 41, the normal conduction lamp strip 1 and the bypass conduction lamp strip 3 are not contacted with each other, the normal conduction lamp strip 1 and the bypass conduction lamp strip 3 are arranged in an upper layer and a lower layer in a staggered mode, but the lamp beads 11 are not shielded from each other, light is prevented from being shielded, and the distribution of the lamp beads 11 is only required to be staggered at the staggered position;
The inside of the normal conduction lamp strip 1 and the inside of the bypass conduction lamp strip 3 are provided with a plurality of independent lamp strips, each lamp strip inside the normal conduction lamp strip 1 and the bypass conduction lamp strip 3 is mutually connected in parallel, and each independent lamp strip inside the normal conduction lamp strip 1 and the bypass conduction lamp strip 3 is respectively and electrically connected with the knob switch 2;
The normal conduction lamp strip 1 and the bypass conduction lamp strip 3 are scattered and spread in the hemisphere of the heart model 41, and the lamp beads 11 are arranged on the front surfaces of the atrium lamp strip 44, the normal conduction lamp strip 1 and the bypass conduction lamp strip 3;
The normal conduction lamp strip 1 comprises a plurality of LED lamp strips;
the normal conduction lamp bands 1 are scattered and distributed and attached to the inner wall of the hemisphere of the heart model 41, and the normal conduction lamp bands 1 cover the spherical surfaces of the left ventricle and the right ventricle of the whole heart model 41;
the design is that the lamp strip can be used for attaching the lamp light on the inner wall of the heart model 41 for display, so that the display is clear, and the ventricular housing below the whole heart model 41 is made of the light guide plate, so that the light of the lamp beads 11 can be diffused, and the light can be uniformly displayed;
The bypass conductive lamp strip 3 is also composed of a plurality of LED lamp strips, the bypass conductive lamp strips 3 are distributed in the right ventricle of the heart model 41 in a dispersed manner, part of the bypass conductive lamp strips 3 also cover part of the right ventricle in a dispersed manner, and the bypass conductive lamp strips 3 are also attached to the inner wall of the hemisphere of the ventricle of the heart model 41 in a dispersed manner;
The normal conduction lamp strip 1 and the bypass conduction lamp strip 3 are spread and attached to the inner wall of the ventricular hemisphere of the heart model 41, the luminous surface of the lamp beads 11 faces outwards, and the normal conduction lamp strip 1 and the bypass conduction lamp strip 3 are distributed on the ventricular hemisphere of the whole heart model 41;
the lamp beads 11 are also attached to the inner wall of the heart model 41 and emit light outwards, so that lamplight can be conveniently displayed;
The normal conduction lamp strip 1 and the bypass conduction lamp strip 3 are spread and attached to the inner wall of the ventricular hemisphere of the heart model 41, the luminous surface of the lamp beads 11 faces outwards, and the normal conduction lamp strip 1 and the bypass conduction lamp strip 3 are distributed on the ventricular hemisphere of the whole heart model 41;
part of the normal conducting light bands 1 and the bypass conducting light bands 3 are distributed in a staggered manner, the light beads 11 on the normal conducting light bands are not shielded from each other,
The base 4 is also provided with a knob switch 2, a display screen 42 and a controller 43, and the display screen 42 and the knob switch 2 are connected with the controller 43;
the outer part of the knob switch 2 is provided with an electric connection ring piece 23, the electric connection ring piece 23 is an annular conductive piece, and a plurality of left ventricular guide blocks 21 and right ventricular guide blocks 22 are inwards convexly arranged on the inner ring edge of the electric connection ring piece 23;
The number of the left ventricle guide blocks 21 is the same as that of the normal conduction lamp bands 1, and a plurality of the left ventricle guide blocks 21 are electrically connected with a plurality of the normal conduction lamp bands 1 in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
the number of the right ventricle guide blocks 22 is the same as that of the bypass conductive lamp strips 3, and a plurality of right ventricle guide blocks 22 are electrically connected with a plurality of bypass conductive lamp strips 3 in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
The electric connection ring piece 23 is fixedly arranged in the base 4, the outer end of the knob switch 2 is an insulating knob, the inner end of the knob switch 2 is a cam, the knob switch 2 is rotatably arranged on the base 4, the inner end cam of the knob switch 2 is electrically connected with the left ventricle guide block 21 and the right ventricle guide block 22 which can be rotationally separated, and the inner end cam of the knob switch 2 is also electrically connected with the controller 43;
the distribution cambered surfaces of the left ventricle guide block 21 and the right ventricle guide block 22 do not exceed an angle of 80 degrees, the left ventricle guide block 21 and the right ventricle guide block 22 are annularly arranged outside the knob switch 2, the electric connection ring piece 23 is fixedly arranged outside the knob switch 2, the distribution cambered surface of the electric connection ring piece 23 is larger than the distribution cambered surface of the convex surface with larger radius of the electric connection of the knob switch 2, and the situation that a lamp strip is always on and cannot be extinguished is avoided.
The inside of the base 4 is provided with a battery, the knob switch 2 is electrically connected with the battery, the connection mode can be that the positive electrode of the battery in the base 4 is connected with two power connection ring pieces 23, a plurality of left ventricular guide blocks 21 are arranged on the knob switch 2, and each left ventricular guide block 21 is respectively and correspondingly electrically connected with one normal conductive lamp belt 1;
The plurality of right ventricle guide blocks 22 are arranged, each right ventricle guide block 22 is electrically connected with the bypass conductive lamp strip 3 in one-to-one correspondence, so that the electric power is conveniently controlled to be turned on or off, the heart is displayed, only the front surface of the heart model 41 is shown in the drawing, the normal conductive lamp strip 1 and the bypass conductive lamp strip 3 are also covered and distributed on the back ventricle part of the heart model 41, the proportion is identical to that of the front surface, and the simulation demonstration of the electrocardiograph impulse is conveniently carried out, and the observation is convenient;
The other end of each lamp strip is connected with the negative electrode of the battery, the battery can be a lithium battery, so that the lamp strip is convenient to use, can be used in a movable way, can be charged, can avoid contact danger, the electricity receiving ring piece 23 is fixed in the base 4, the electricity receiving ring piece 23 does not rotate, the outer ring is sleeved with an insulating shell made of insulating wood, the knob switch 2 can rotate through a vertical rotating shaft and cannot be separated, the inner end of the knob switch 2, which is electrically connected with the electricity receiving ring piece 23, is a cam, and when one side of a bulge of the cam is in arc-shaped rotation to be attached to the inside of the electricity receiving ring piece 23, the convex arc surface of the cam is electrically connected with each left ventricle guide block 21 and each right ventricle guide block 22 in a one-to-one mode in the rotation process, so that each lamp strip in the normal conductive lamp strip 1 and the bypass conductive lamp strip 3 can be electrified in a rotating way;
When the knob switch 2 continues to rotate, the small-radius cambered surface of the cam gradually coincides with the inner ring of the electricity-connecting ring piece 23, but the small-radius cambered surface of the knob switch 2 does not rotate with the electricity-connecting ring piece 23, and the convex radian of each different left ventricle guide block 21 and right ventricle guide block 22 is smaller and cannot contact with the left ventricle guide block 21 and right ventricle guide block 22, so that the lighted lamp strip is continuously extinguished in the continuous rotation process, the cardiac electric conduction state of heart pre-excitation is displayed, the lighting range of the normal conduction lamp strip 1 shown as the left ventricle is continuously reduced, the lighting range of the bypass conduction lamp strip 3 is continuously enlarged, the ventricular transmission ranges shown as different states are finally controlled to be closed by the controller 43, and the control mode with relatively independent high reliability is realized;
the state can also be set through the controller 43, different normal conduction lamp strips 1 and bypass conduction lamp strips 3 are controlled to be on and off through the singlechip in the controller 43, so that the purpose of controlling the lamp strip on-lamp range is achieved, the device only needs to continuously narrow the left ventricle on-lamp range, the on-lamp display range of the right ventricle is continuously enlarged, the means of lighting can be automatically controlled through the controller 43, manual control can also be carried out through the knob switch 2 for display, the degree of freedom is higher, the explanation process and the step of a teacher can be conveniently matched, and the automatic control can display a continuously deformed and uniform change process.
The controller 43 is a controller for controlling the waveform of the display screen 42 independently, so as to be convenient for adjusting and displaying the electrocardiogram waveform displayed by the display screen 42, and can control the display screen 42 to display different electrocardiogram waveforms.
When the invention is used, the normal conduction lamp strip 1, the bypass conduction lamp strip 3 and the atrial lamp strip 44 are started through the controller 43, the inner end of the whole knob switch 2 is controlled to be connected with a battery through the controller 43, and then the knob switch 2 can be rotated to be connected with the battery;
When a normal path needs to be displayed, only the normal conduction lamp strip 1 is connected, so that the outside of the whole heart chamber is started through the normal conduction lamp strip 1, the whole outer wall of the heart chamber is lightened, the bypass conduction lamp strip 3 is in an extinction state, at the moment, the whole heart chamber is normally electrocardiographically conducted, and the left and right heart chambers are covered by the green lamp of the normal heart chamber lamp strip 1, so that the left and right heart chambers expressing the whole heart are both lighted up;
The sinus node at this time is conducted into the atrioventricular node through the atrial light strip 44, and then is conducted to all the light strips of the normal conducting light strip 1, the conducting mode of the light beads 11 is to be turned on and off according to the advancing mode, the connecting mode of the light beads 11 needs to be independently controlled in the lighting mode on each loop, the light beads 11 need to be continuously turned on and off in a forward moving mode on each light strip, so that the lighting mode on each light strip is displayed in a continuously forward advancing state, that is, the light beads 11 in front are continuously turned on, the light beads 11 at the rear end are continuously turned off along with advancing, so that the advancing state of the light strips is formed, and the light beads 11 are repeatedly turned on and off after each advancing to the tail end until the power is off or the controller 43 is controlled to be turned off. The lighting control chip of the conventional neon lamp can be completed, and the lighting control chip belongs to a conventional structure.
When the abnormal condition of the conduction of the atrioventricular bypass needs to be displayed, the normal conduction path is still lighted to flash and advance, the atrioventricular bypass is conducted by the sinus node through the atrial lamp strip 44, and the bypass conduction lamp strips 3 are started on one side of the atrioventricular bypass and can be started one by one to display that the right ventricle part conducts impulse by the atrioventricular bypass;
As shown in fig. 4, when part of ventricles are conducted and impulse by atrioventricular node and the other part is conducted by atrioventricular bypass, one of the control modes is that the knob switch 2 rotates, the knob switch 2 rotates until the required left ventricle guide block 21 and the right ventricle guide block 22 are contacted with cams at the inner ends, so that the normally conductive lamp strip 1 and the bypass conductive lamp strip 3 are partially lightened, abnormal conditions of electrocardio conduction are displayed, and the display mode can rotate clockwise or anticlockwise according to the rotation of the knob switch 2 so as to display different conduction ranges;
The second way is to control the controller 43 to continuously decrease the lighting quantity of the normal conducting light bands 1 and to continuously increase the lighting quantity of the bypass conducting light bands 3 according to the set way, so as to display the conditions of different symptoms, at this time, the range of the green normal conducting light bands 1 is continuously reduced, and the range of the red bypass conducting light bands 3 is continuously expanded, so that the green normal conducting light bands are displayed in a large-range pre-excited state.
The left and right sides of the device are defined by the left and right regulation of the heart, the left ventricle is the left ventricle and the right ventricle is the right side, the inner end of the knob switch 2 is positioned in the base 4, the outer end of the knob switch 2 is an insulating shell, and the knob switch is positioned outside the base 4, so that people can turn the knob conveniently, and the device is a direct current battery and can be safely and conveniently used.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the specific embodiments described are illustrative only and not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and that equivalent modifications and variations of the invention in light of the spirit of the invention will be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
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| JPH08190341A (en) * | 1995-01-10 | 1996-07-23 | Minekazu Inazuka | Mimic display method of heart stimulation transmission system and heart stimulation transmission system display model |
| US6668194B2 (en) * | 2001-07-16 | 2003-12-23 | Medtronic, Inc. | Method and apparatus for monitoring conduction times in a bi-chamber pacing system |
| US7798815B2 (en) * | 2002-04-03 | 2010-09-21 | University Of The West Indies | Computer-controlled tissue-based simulator for training in cardiac surgical techniques |
| US10206601B2 (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2019-02-19 | Medtronic, Inc. | Noninvasive cardiac therapy evaluation |
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