CN116479036A - Application of LuPDH-E1β1 gene to regulate plant fatty acid synthesis and salt tolerance and drought resistance - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides application of a LuPDH-E1 beta 1 gene for regulating synthesis of plant fatty acid, and the LuPDH-E1 beta 1 gene can improve the synthesis amount of the plant fatty acid after being overexpressed in the plant. The invention also provides application of the LuPDH-E1 beta 1 gene in regulating salt tolerance and drought resistance of plants, and after the LuPDH-E1 beta 1 gene is overexpressed in the plants, the salt tolerance and drought resistance of the plants with the PDH-E1 beta 1 gene deleted can be improved. The invention provides the application of the LuPDH-E1 beta 1 gene for regulating the synthesis of plant fatty acid and the salt tolerance and drought resistance by exploring the functions of the LuPDH-E1 beta 1 gene in the metabolism of plant seed oil and the response to abiotic stress, and fills the blank of the LuPDH-E1 beta 1 gene in the aspect of genetic engineering application.

Description

LuPDH-E1β1 gene for regulation of plant fatty acid synthesis and salt and drought tolerance application

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant molecular biology, and relates to a LuPDH-E1β1 gene, in particular to the application of the LuPDH-E1β1 gene in regulating plant fatty acid synthesis and salt tolerance and drought resistance.

Background technique

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is the key rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis, which catalyzes the decomposition of glucose into pyruvate. Higher plants possess two heterogeneous PDC subtypes, one in the mitochondrial matrix (mtPDC) and the other in the plastid matrix (cpPDC). mtPDC is the link between glycolytic carbon metabolism and the Krebs cycle, providing raw materials for the Krebs cycle. Reactions catalyzed by cpPDCs provide acetyl-CoA for the biosynthesis of fatty acids, isoprenoids, and amino acids in vegetative and reproductive tissues, including seeds. Existing studies have shown that FLO19 in rice encodes the α subunit of the E1 component of the plastid pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which is involved in the supply of fatty acids for galactolipid biosynthesis in rice starch plastids, and overexpression of FLO19 significantly increased seed size and weight, but did not affect other important agronomic traits such as panicle length, tiller number, and seed setting rate.

However, the function of the E1 component β subunit of the plastid pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH-E1β1) is still unclear, thus limiting the genetic engineering application of this gene.

Contents of the invention

In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide the application of the LuPDH-E1β1 gene for regulating plant fatty acid synthesis and salt tolerance and drought resistance, and solve the technical problem that the function of the PDH-E1β1 gene in the prior art is still unclear, resulting in the limitation of its genetic engineering application.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to achieve:

The LuPDH-E1β1 gene is used to regulate the application of plant fatty acid synthesis, and after the LuPDH-E1β1 gene is overexpressed in plants, the fatty acid synthesis amount of plants can be increased.

The application of the LuPDH-E1β1 gene for regulating the salt tolerance and drought resistance of plants, and the overexpression of the LuPDH-E1β1 gene in plants can improve the salt tolerance and drought resistance of plants.

The nucleotide sequence of the LuPDH-E1β1 gene is shown as sequence ID Number 1 in the nucleotide or amino acid sequence list; the amino acid sequence encoded by the LuPDH-E1β1 gene is shown as sequence ID Number 2 in the nucleotide or amino acid sequence list.

The present invention also has the following technical features:

Specifically, after the LuPDH-E1β1 gene is overexpressed in plants, the transcription level of genes related to plant oil accumulation can be increased; the genes related to oil accumulation include: AtBCCP1 gene, AtMCAT gene, AtKAS1 gene, AtKAS2 gene, AtKCS17 gene, AtFAB2 gene, AtFAD2 gene, AtFAD3 gene and AtPDAT2 gene.

Specifically, after the LuPDH-E1β1 gene is overexpressed in plants, it can reduce the transcription level of genes related to stress response in plants; the genes related to stress response include: AtNCED3 gene, AtABI3 gene, AtAAO3 gene, AtEM1 gene and AtEM6 gene.

Specifically, after the LuPDH-E1β1 gene is overexpressed in the plant, the plant can tolerate 150 mM sodium chloride and 300 mM mannitol.

Specifically, the method for overexpressing the LuPDH-E1β1 gene in plants includes:

Connect the LuPDH-E1β1 gene to the overexpression vector pGreen-35S-6HA to obtain the 35S:LuPDH-E1β1-6HA overexpression vector, and then transfer the 35S:LuPDH-E1β1-6HA overexpression vector into plants; the nucleotide sequence of the overexpression vector pGreen-35S-6HA is shown in sequence ID Number 3 in the nucleotide or amino acid sequence table.

Specifically, the plant is a PDH-E1β1 gene-deficient plant.

The present invention also protects the above-mentioned method for overexpressing LuPDH-E1β1 gene in plants.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

(I) The present invention provides the application of LuPDH-E1β1 gene for regulating plant fatty acid synthesis and salt tolerance and drought resistance by exploring the function of LuPDH-E1β1 gene in plant seed lipid metabolism and response to abiotic stress, and fills the gap in the application of LuPDH-E1β1 gene in genetic engineering.

(II) The present invention is of great significance for analyzing the regulatory mechanism of enzyme active molecules in the process of plant seed oil metabolism, improving the content and components of linseed fatty acids, and cultivating new varieties of flax with high resistance.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the insertion position of the LuPDH-E1β1 gene in the overexpression vector pGreen-35S-6HA. In Figure 1: RB represents the right border, LB represents the left border, NOS-pro represents the promoter; NOS-ter represents the terminator, Basta represents the glufosinate-ammonium resistance screening gene, and 35S-pro represents the 35S strong promoter.

Fig. 2 is the nucleic acid electrophoresis diagram of the PCR identification of the seeds of the transgenic strains. In Figure 2: Cas represents the 35S:LuPDH-E1β1–6HA overexpression vector.

Fig. 3 is a histogram of the expression level of LuPDH-E1β1 gene identified by qRT-PCR in the seeds of transgenic lines.

Fig. 4 is a histogram of thousand-grain weight, length and width of wild-type Arabidopsis seeds, seeds of loss-of-function mutants and seeds of overexpression transgenic lines.

Fig. 5 is a histogram of total fatty acid content in seeds of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana, seeds of loss-of-function mutants, and seeds of overexpression transgenic lines.

Fig. 6 is a histogram of the contents of each fatty acid component in the seeds of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana, the seeds of the loss-of-function mutant and the seeds of the overexpression transgenic line.

Figure 7 shows the expression levels of genes related to lipid accumulation detected by qRT-PCR in the seeds of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana, the seeds of loss-of-function mutants, and the seeds of overexpressed transgenic lines.

Fig. 8 is a graph showing the germination states of wild-type Arabidopsis seeds, loss-of-function mutant seeds, and overexpression transgenic line seeds under salt and mannitol stress. In Figure 8: ^1/2 MS means _1/2 MS medium _, 150mM NaCl means 150mM sodium chloride, 300mM Mannitol means 300mM mannitol ^.

Fig. 9 is a broken-line statistical chart of the germination rates of wild-type Arabidopsis seeds, loss-of-function mutant seeds, and overexpression transgenic lines under salt and mannitol stress. In Fig. 9: ^1/2 MS means ^1/2 MS medium _, 150mM NaCl means 150mM sodium chloride, 300mM Mannitol means _300mM mannitol.

Fig. 10 is a histogram of the expression levels of genes related to stress response in wild-type Arabidopsis seeds, loss-of-function mutant seeds, and overexpression transgenic line seeds under salt stress.

The specific content of the present invention will be further explained in detail below in conjunction with the examples.

Detailed ways

It should be noted that all reagents, kits, enzymes and culture media used in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, all use reagents, kits, enzymes and culture media known in the art, such as:

The plant RNA extraction kit was purchased from Hunan Aikerui Bioengineering Co., Ltd., the article number is No.AG21019.

The reverse transcription kit was purchased from Beijing Quanshijin Biotechnology Co., Ltd., the article number is No.AE311.

High-fidelity DNA polymerase was purchased from Bio-Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., No. R045Q.

The DNA purification and recovery kit was purchased from Tiangen Biochemical Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., the article number is No.DP214.

Restriction enzymes EcoR I and Xma I were produced by New England Biolabs.

The one-step cloning kit was purchased from Nanjing Novizyme Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the trade name was ClonExpressⅡOne Step Cloning Kit.

The plasmid extraction kit was produced by Omega Bio-Tek, USA.

The herbicide is manufactured by Bayer, and its trade name is Basta herbicide. Its active ingredient is glufosinate-ammonium, and the content of glufosinate-ammonium is 20% [v/v].

1L of LB liquid medium includes the following components: 10g of tryptone, 5g of yeast extract, and 10g of NaCl; 15g of agar is added to the above formula for LB solid medium.

¹ / ₂ MS medium, purchased from Beijing Suo Laibao Technology Co., Ltd., the product number is No.M8527.

In the present invention:

The flax adopts the known flax (flax) "Longya No. 10" in the prior art, which is cultivated by the Crop Research Institute of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

The loss-of-function mutants (pdh-e1β1-1 and pdh-e1β1-2) are mutants in which the Arabidopsis PDH-E1β1 gene has been knocked out.

Specific embodiments of the present invention are provided below, and it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, and all equivalent transformations done on the basis of the technical solutions of the present application all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1:

This example provides an application of the LuPDH-E1β1 gene for regulating fatty acid synthesis in plants. After the LuPDH-E1β1 gene is overexpressed in plants, the amount of fatty acid synthesis in plants can be increased.

As a specific solution of this embodiment, the method for overexpressing the LuPDH-E1β1 gene in plants specifically includes the following steps:

Step 1, flax LuPDH-E1β1 gene cloning:

Step 1.1, flax LuPDH-E1β1 gene sequence acquisition and specific primer design:

The protein sequence of AtPDH-E1β1 was obtained from the Tair website of the Arabidopsis thaliana database. According to the protein sequence of Arabidopsis AtPDH-E1β1 in the NCBI database, the Blastp program was run to compare the homologous sequence in flax, which was named LuPDH-E1β1 gene. The nucleotide sequence of the LuPDH-E1β1 gene is shown as sequence ID Number 1 in the nucleotide or amino acid sequence list, and the amino acid sequence encoded by the LuPDH-E1β1 gene is shown as sequence ID Number 2 in the nucleotide or amino acid sequence list.

Step 1.2, RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis:

Total RNA was extracted from different tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana and flax using a plant RNA extraction kit, and cDNA was synthesized using a reverse transcription kit using the total RNA as a template.

Step 1.3, cloning of LuPDH-E1β1 gene:

Design and determine the insertion position of the flax LuPDH-E1β1 gene on the vector, as shown in Figure 1. Design specific primers (LuPDH-E1β1-F and LuPDH-E1β1-R) according to the gene CDS sequence obtained in step 1.2, and design the verification primer (35S-F) on the vector at the same time. The primer sequences are shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Primer sequences

Primer name Primer sequence (5'→3') LuPDH-E1β1-F GATAAGCTTGATATCGAATTCATGGCGACGATTTTCCAGGGA LuPDH-E1β1-R ATCGAATTCCTGCAGCCCGGGTTACTGGCATAGCTGCTCGAC 35S-F GACCCTTCTCCTATATAAGGAAGTTC

Use the designed specific primers, use the cDNA of flax germination stage seeds synthesized in step 1.2 as a template, and use high-fidelity DNA polymerase to amplify the target gene by PCR. The reaction system is: 10×PCR Buffer 2.5 μL, Mg ²⁺ 1 μL, dNTP 1 μL, KOD-Plus 0.5 μL, upstream and downstream primers 1 μL, cDNA template 1 μL, and sterilized water to make up to 25 μL; PCR reaction conditions are as follows: Table 2 shows.

Table 2. High-fidelity PCR reaction conditions

After the PCR reaction, perform agarose gel electrophoresis, judge whether the size of the target gene is correct according to the DNA marker, and quickly cut the gel of the band with the correct size, and use the universal DNA purification and recovery kit to purify and recover the target gene fragment.

Step 2, construction of plant expression vector:

Step 2.1, connect the target gene fragment and the linear vector:

Under constant temperature conditions at 37°C, use restriction endonucleases EcoR I and Xma I to digest the overexpression vector pGreen-35S-6HA and the target gene fragment obtained in step 1.3 overnight. The digested products were purified and recovered using a DNA purification and recovery kit. Using a one-step cloning kit, mix the purified target fragment with the enzyme-cut vector at a molar ratio of 2:1, and carry out the recombination reaction at 37°C for 30 minutes to complete the ligation of the target gene fragment and the linear vector. The nucleotide sequence of the overexpression vector pGreen-35S-6HA is shown as sequence ID Number 3 in the nucleotide or amino acid sequence list.

Step 2.2, conversion of the ligation product:

Add the ligation product obtained in step 2.1 into E. coli competent cells DH5α, gently pipette and mix, place on ice for 20 minutes, bathe in water at 42°C for 90 seconds, quickly place on ice for 2 minutes, add 700 μL of LB liquid medium, place on a shaker at 37°C for 30 minutes, spread the bacterial solution on LB solid medium plate containing 50 μg·mL ^-1 kanamycin, and place the 37°C incubator upside down overnight.

Step 2.3, monoclonal screening and identification:

Pick 10 single-clonal colonies from the plate cultured overnight in step 2.2, place them in 7 μL ddH ₂ O and mix them evenly, take 1 μL of the bacterial liquid as a template, and use the primers 35S-F and LuPDH-E1β1-R designed in step 1.1 for colony PCR verification. After the PCR reaction, the product was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis, and two monoclonal colonies with correct bands were selected and added to LB liquid medium containing 50 μg· ^mL kanamycin, and incubated at 28°C and 220 rpm for 20 hours on a shaking table.

The cultured bacterial liquid was taken for sequencing, and the sequencing result was the same as the target gene sequence, indicating that the flax LuPDH-E1β1 gene had been successfully cloned into the overexpression vector pGreen-35S-6HA.

Step 2.4, obtain 35S:LuPDH-E1β1–6HA overexpression vector:

The correct plasmid bacterial liquid screened and identified in step 2.3 was expanded and cultured, and then the plasmid was extracted according to the instructions of the plasmid extraction kit to obtain the 35S:LuPDH-E1β1–6HA overexpression vector.

Step 3, Arabidopsis genetic transformation, screening and identification:

Step 3.1, Transformation and Colony Identification:

Transform the 35S:LuPDH-E1β1–6HA overexpression vector obtained in step 2.4 into Agrobacterium competent cells GV3101, pick a single clone colony, and use the primers 35S-F and LuPDH-E1β1-R designed in step 1.1 to perform colony PCR verification.

Step 3.2, culture and collect the bacteria of positive colonies:

Add the positive colonies verified by PCR in step 3.1 to 200 mL of LB liquid medium containing 50 μg· ^mL kanamycin and 50 μg ^mL rifamycin for expansion until the OD ₆₀₀ of the bacterial solution is 1.8-2.0, and centrifuge at 4000 rpm at room temperature for 10 minutes to collect the bacterial cells.

Step 3.3, transfect wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana by Agrobacterium inflorescence dipping method:

Resuspend the bacterial cells collected in step 3.2 to an OD ₆₀₀ value of 0.8-1.0 in the Arabidopsis transformation solution containing 5% [w/v] sucrose and 0.02% [v/v] Silwet L-77 surfactant; soak the flower buds of the Arabidopsis loss-of-function mutant pdh-e1β1-2 that have mostly bolted and topped in the Arabidopsis transformation solution for 30-40 seconds, The plants were taken out, placed sideways on a tray and cultured in the dark for 2 days, then cultured under normal light, and the T ₀ generation seeds were harvested after they matured.

Step 3.4, screening and identification of transgenic plants:

Sow the T ₀ generation seeds harvested in step 3.3 evenly on the nutrient soil, and after 2-3 days of dark cultivation at 4°C, transfer to the light cultivation room to continue cultivation.待长出2片真叶后，使用除草剂连续喷施幼苗约1周至筛选出仍能继续生长的抗性植株，除草剂的工作浓度为0.06％[v/v]；将筛选出的抗性植株转移至新的营养土中继续生长，待莲座叶期提取植株幼嫩叶片DNA，使用步骤1.1设计好的引物35S-F和LuPDH-E1β1-R进行PCR扩增，结果如图2所示，将鉴定获得的T ₁代阳性转基因植株，继续培养至成熟并收获T ₂代种子；将T ₂代种子播于含有10μg·mL ^-1草铵膦的MS培养基上继续筛选培养，最终得到T ₃代纯合种子。

In this example, the specific primers 35S-F and LuPDH-E1β1-R designed in step 1.1 were used to identify the expression level of the LuPDH-E1β1 gene in the homozygous seeds of _{the T 3 generation} .

The effect verification of embodiment 1:

In order to test the influence of LuPDH-E1β1 gene on the genes related to plant oil accumulation, qRT-PCR primers were designed, and the qRT-PCR primers are shown in Table 3:

Table 3. qRT-PCR primers of oil accumulation-related genes

(A) The phenotypes of wild-type Arabidopsis seeds (denoted as Col-0), seeds of loss-of-function mutants (denoted as pdh-e1β1-1 and pdh-e1β1-2), and seeds of overexpression transgenic lines (denoted as pdh-e1β1-2 35S:LuPDH-E1β1–6HA) were analyzed, and the results are shown in Figure 4. It can be seen from Figure 4 that the size and thousand-grain weight of the seeds of the overexpression transgenic lines are comparable to those of the wild-type seeds.

(B) The total fatty acid content and the content of each fatty acid component of wild-type Arabidopsis seeds, seeds of loss-of-function mutants and seeds of overexpression transgenic lines were analyzed, and the results are shown in Figures 5 and 6. It can be seen from Figure 5 and Figure 6 that the total fatty acid content and the content of each fatty acid component in the seeds of the overexpression transgenic lines are comparable to those of the wild-type seeds, and higher than those of the loss-of-function mutant seeds.

(C) Seeds of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana, loss-of-function mutants, and overexpression transgenic lines were selected, and the transcription levels of genes related to oil accumulation were detected by qRT-PCR technology, and the results are shown in Figure 7. It can be seen from Figure 7 that the expression levels of AtBCCP1, AtMCAT, AtKAS1, AtKAS2 and AtKCS17 genes in the seeds of the overexpressed transgenic strains were not significantly different from those of the wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana seeds at 10 to 14 days of seed development, and were higher than those of the loss-of-function mutant seeds; on the 8th day after seed pollination, the gene expression levels of AtFAB2, AtFAD2, AtFAD3, and AtPDAT2 in the seeds of the overexpressed transgenic strains had no significant difference compared with wild-type Arabidopsis seeds. The expression levels of the above genes in the seeds of the overexpressed transgenic lines recovered to the level of wild-type Arabidopsis seeds, and were higher than those of the loss-of-function mutant seeds on the 12th day after seed pollination.

(D) Based on the analysis of (A), (B) and (C) above, it can be seen that the LuPDH-E1β1 gene can up-regulate the expression of oil accumulation-related genes to promote the biosynthesis of fatty acids in Arabidopsis seeds; overexpressing the flax LuPDH-E1β1 gene in Arabidopsis can help increase fatty acid synthesis without affecting other traits of Arabidopsis seed development.

Example 2:

This example provides an application of the LuPDH-E1β1 gene for regulating the salt tolerance and drought resistance of plants. After the LuPDH-E1β1 gene is overexpressed in plants, the salt tolerance and drought resistance of plants can be improved.

In this example, the method for overexpressing the LuPDH-E1β1 gene in plants is the same as that in Example 1.

The effect verification of embodiment 2:

In order to test the influence of LuPDH-E1β1 gene on genes related to stress response, qRT-PCR primers were designed, and the qRT-PCR primers are shown in Table 4:

Table 4. qRT-PCR primers of genes related to stress response

(E) Seed germination tests under 150 mM sodium chloride and 300 mM mannitol stress were carried out on wild-type Arabidopsis seeds, loss-of-function mutant seeds, and overexpression transgenic line seeds, and the results are shown in Figures 8 and 9. It can be seen from Figure 8 and Figure 9 that under normal conditions, the germination rate of wild-type Arabidopsis seeds and overexpression transgenic strain seeds has no significant difference, and is higher than that of loss-of-function mutant seeds; under 150mM sodium chloride and 300mM mannitol stress conditions, the germination rate of overexpression transgenic strain seeds can be restored to wild-type Arabidopsis seeds, and is higher than that of loss-of-function mutant seeds.

(F) qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of the stress-responsive genes AtABI3, AtABI5, AtRD29A, AtNCED3, AtEM1 and AtEM6 in the germination of wild-type Arabidopsis seeds, loss-of-function mutant seeds, and overexpression transgenic line seeds under sodium chloride stress. The results are shown in Figure 10. It can be seen from Figure 10 that the expression levels of the stress response-related genes AtNCED3, AtABI3, AtAAO3, AtEM1 and AtEM6 in the seeds of the transgenic lines were comparable to those of the wild-type Arabidopsis seeds, and lower than those of the loss-of-function mutant seeds.

(G) Based on the analysis of (E) and (F) above, it can be seen that the LuPDH-E1β1 gene can improve the salt tolerance of Arabidopsis seeds at the germination stage by regulating the expression of stress response-related genes; overexpressing the flax LuPDH-E1β1 gene in Arabidopsis can improve the resistance of Arabidopsis seeds to salt and osmotic stress at the germination stage.

Based on the verification of the effects of Example 1 and Example 2, it can be seen that the LuPDH-E1β1 gene has a huge potential function in increasing the fatty acid content of seeds. Using transgenic technology, the gene is overexpressed in oil crops, and transgenic lines with high oil content, salt tolerance and drought resistance can be obtained.

Claims (10)

1. The application of LuPDH-E1β1 gene for regulating fatty acid synthesis in plants, after overexpressing LuPDH-E1β1 gene in plants, it can increase the amount of fatty acid synthesis in plants. 2. The application of the LuPDH-E1β1 gene as claimed in claim 1 for regulating fatty acid synthesis in plants, characterized in that, after the LuPDH-E1β1 gene is overexpressed in plants, the transcription level of genes related to vegetable oil accumulation can be improved; the genes related to oil accumulation include: AtBCCP1 gene, AtMCAT gene, AtKAS1 gene, AtKAS2 gene, AtKCS17 gene, AtFAB2 gene, AtFAD2 gene, AtFAD3 gene and AtPDAT2 gene. 3. LuPDH-E1β1 gene as claimed in claim 1 is used for regulating the application of plant fatty acid synthesis, it is characterized in that, described method that LuPDH-E1β1 gene is overexpressed in plant comprises: Connect the LuPDH-E1β1 gene to the overexpression vector pGreen-35S-6HA to obtain the 35S:LuPDH-E1β1-6HA overexpression vector, and then transfer the 35S:LuPDH-E1β1-6HA overexpression vector into plants; the nucleotide sequence of the overexpression vector pGreen-35S-6HA is shown in sequence ID Number 3 in the nucleotide or amino acid sequence table. 4. The use of the LuPDH-E1β1 gene according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for regulating fatty acid synthesis in plants, wherein the plant is a PDH-E1β1 gene-deficient plant. 5. The application of LuPDH-E1β1 gene for regulating the salt tolerance and drought resistance of plants, after the LuPDH-E1β1 gene is overexpressed in plants, the salt tolerance and drought resistance of plants can be improved. 6. The LuPDH-E1β1 gene as claimed in claim 5 is used to regulate the application of plant salt tolerance and drought resistance, characterized in that, after the LuPDH-E1β1 gene is overexpressed in plants, it can reduce the transcription level of genes related to stress response in plants; the genes related to stress response include: AtNCED3 gene, AtABI3 gene, AtAAO3 gene, AtEM1 gene and AtEM6 gene. 7. The LuPDH-E1β1 gene as claimed in claim 5 is used to regulate the application of plant salt tolerance and drought resistance, characterized in that, after the LuPDH-E1β1 gene is overexpressed in plants, the plants can tolerate 150mM sodium chloride and 300mM mannitol. 8. The LuPDH-E1β1 gene as claimed in claim 5 is used to regulate the application of plant salt tolerance and drought resistance, wherein the described method for overexpressing the LuPDH-E1β1 gene in plants comprises: Connect the LuPDH-E1β1 gene to the overexpression vector pGreen-35S-6HA to obtain the 35S:LuPDH-E1β1-6HA overexpression vector, and then transfer the 35S:LuPDH-E1β1-6HA overexpression vector into plants; the nucleotide sequence of the overexpression vector pGreen-35S-6HA is shown in sequence ID Number 3 in the nucleotide or amino acid sequence table. 9. The use of the LuPDH-E1β1 gene according to any one of claims 5 to 8 for regulating the salt tolerance and drought resistance of plants, wherein the plant is a PDH-E1β1 gene-deficient plant. 10. A method for overexpressing the LuPDH-E1β1 gene in plants, characterized in that the method comprises: connecting the LuPDH-E1β1 gene to the overexpression vector pGreen-35S-6HA to obtain the 35S:LuPDH-E1β1-6HA overexpression vector, and then transferring the 35S:LuPDH-E1β1-6HA overexpression vector into the plant; the nucleotide sequence of the overexpression vector pGreen-35S-6HA is as follows Shown as sequence ID Number 3 in the nucleotide or amino acid sequence listing.